Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Assunto:
REVISÃO DE MATEMÁTICA
BÁSICA
1
SUMÁRIO
2
1 – Operações com frações
bd bd
a + × c
da + bc
+ = b d
a c
=
b d bd bd
3× 7 3× 7
× 2 + ×5
2 5 3 7 14 + 15 29
Ex. 1) + = = =
3 7 3× 7 21 21
5× 7 5× 7
×4− ×2
4 2 5 7 28 − 10 18
Ex. 2) - = = =
5 7 5× 7 35 35
bd f bd f bd f
× a + × c + × e
(d f ) a + (b f ) c + (b d ) e
=
a c e b d f
+ + =
b d f bd f bd f
7 × 5× 4 7 × 5× 4 7 × 5× 4
× 5 + × 2 − × 3
Ex. 3)
5 2 3
+ - = 7 5 4
=
7 5 4 7 × 5× 4
20 × 5 + 28 × 2 − 35 × 3 51
= =
20 × 7 140
Resolver:
2 1 3 1 8 4
a) + b) - c) -
7 9 7 5 11 5
3
1 2 3 4 3 4 5 2 4
d) + + e) − + f) + −
4 9 7 9 8 11 3 9 5
2 – Divisão de frações
a c
÷ É só inverter a 2ª fração e multiplicar
b d
a c a d ad
÷ = × =
b d b c bc
2 4 2 7 14 7
Ex. 1) ÷ = × = =
3 7 3 4 12 6
5
5 3 15
Ex. 2) 8 = × =
4 8 4 32
3
2 5 8×2 + 5×5 41
+
5×8 41 14 287
Ex. 3) 5 8 = = 40 = × =
4 1 8−7 1 40 1 20
−
7 2 2×7 14
Resolver:
11 2 4 8 3 1
a) ÷ b) ÷ c) ÷
23 5 3 9 7 8
d) + ÷ + e) − ÷ +
2 4 15 1 7 1 4 7
3 7 4 2 3 5 3 8
4
3 – Operações com números relativos
Ex. 1) -2 + (-3) → -2 – 3 = - 5
Ex. 2) +5 – (-8) → 5 + 8 = 11
Resolver:
a) -9 + 12 – (-14) = b) 13 + (-9) – 3 =
g) (-5)2 = h) (-2)5 =
Resolver:
a) 3x = -7 b) 15x = 3
5
5 – Equações do 1º grau (continuação)
3x – 12 + 12 = 12 – 13 → 3x = -1 → x = -1/3
Resolver:
a) 4x + 12 = 6 b) 7x + 13 = 9
c) -5x – 9 = 6 d) 3x + 15 = 0
5x – 2x – 13 = -2x + 2x + 7
3x – 13 + 13 = 7 + 13 → 3x = 20 → x = 20/3
Resolver:
a) 3x + 9 = 5x + 3 b) -2x + 3 = 12 + 3x
c) 7x – 13 = -3x + 7 d) 9x – 2 = 6x + 4
e) (2 – x) – (7 – 3x) = 5 + 6x
6
7 – Equação do 2º grau incompleta (1º tipo)
Resolver:
a) 3x2 = 12 b) x2 = 7
x–2=0 →x=2
Resulta (x – 2)x = 0
x=0 → x=0
Resolver:
a) 4x2 – 8x = 0 b) x2 + 3x = 0
c) 3x2 + 7x = 0 d) x2 – 5x = 0
Forma: ax2 + bx + c = 0
7
−b ± ∆
Fórmula: x = ou x’ = (-b + ∆ ) / 2a x” = (-b - ∆ )/2a
2a
Ex. 1) 2x2 + 5x + 2 = 0
∆ = 25 − 4 × 2 × 2 = 25 − 16 = 9 = 3
x” = (-5 – 3) / 4 = -8/4 = -2
Resolver:
a) x2 – 5x + 6 = 0 b) x2 – 6x + 8 = 0
c) 3x2 + 11x + 8 = 0
10 – Radicais
n
Am → A = radicando; n = índice da raiz e m = expoente do radicando
n
Am = Am/n (fórmula geral)
2/2
Ex. 1) 4 = 2
22 = 2 = 21 = 2
3
Ex. 2) 3
27 = 33 = 3
Ex. 3) 5
1024 = 5
210 = 210/5 = 22 = 4
Ex. 4) ( x) 2
= x × x = x2 = x
8
11 – Operações com radicais
x ×
2/2
Ex. 1) x = x2 = x = x
Ex. 2) x × y = xy
3
Ex. 3) 3
8 = 23 = 2
2
64 82 8 8
Ex. 4) = = =
81 92 9 9
xn
Ex. 5) = xn −(n −2) = x2 = x
xn−2
Ex. 6) 16 = 24 = 24 / 2 = 2
Resolver:
3 5
a) 729 b)
3
64 c) 710
d)
4
81 e) ( x + 2) 2 f) 81
12 – Exponenciais
Ax - A é a base, x é o expoente
P1) Ax × Ay = Ax+y
P2) Ax / Ay = Ax-y
9
x
1 A Ax
P5) x = A − x e = x = Ax . B-x
A B B
523
Ex. 4) 20 = 523-20 = 53 = 52 × 5 = 25 × 5 = 125
5
Resolver:
4
3
c)
4
7
a) 210 b) d) 16 × 2-3
72 2
13 - Propriedade distributiva
1) A × (B + C) = A × B + A × C
Ex. 1) 2(4 + x) = 8 + 2x
= 3x – 6 – x2 + 2x = -x2 + 5x – 6
Resolver:
a) (x - 7 )(x + 7 ) b) (a + b)(a + b)
c) (2 + 3 )(2 - 3 ) d) (2 + x )(3 + 2 x )
10
14 – Produtos notáveis (A + B)2
Ex. 1) (x – 2)2 = x2 – 4x + 4
Resolver:
15 – Diferença de quadrados
x2 – a2 = (x – a)(x + a)
Ex. 1) x2 – 4 = (x – 2)(x + 2)
Ex. 2) x2 – 3 = (x - 3 )(x + 3 )
Ex. 3) x2 – A = (x - A )(x + A)
Resolver:
a) ( 3 - 2)( 3 + 2) = b) x2 – 16 =
c) x2 – 7 = d) (2 + 3 )(2 - 3 ) =
16 – Trinômio ao quadrado
11
= a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc
Resolver:
a) (x + y + 1)2 b) (x – y +2)2
17 – Binômio ao cubo
(a + b)3 = (a + b)2 × (a + b)
Ex. 2) x x + x2 = x( x + x)
5 x ( x + 3) 2 + 4 x 2 ( x + 3) x( x + 3) [5( x + 3) + 4 x ] 5 x + 15 + 4 x 9 x + 15
Ex. 3) = = =
x( x + 3)( x + 2) x( x + 3)( x + 2 ) x+2 x+2
Resolver:
8 x2 + 4x [(
3x ) (
x +1 − 2 x +1 )]
a)
2x + 1
= b)
(
3 x +1 ) =
c)
(a + b)
2
= d)
(x −42
=
)
(a + b ) (x − 2)
12
1 n
An −1 1 n
An −1 n
An −1
Ex. 1) n → × n = =
A n
An −1 A n
An A
1 2 1 2
Ex. 2) = × =
2 2 2 2
9 3
32 9 9 3 32 9 3 32
Ex. 3) 3
= ×3 = = = 33 9
3 3
32 3 3
33 3
Resolver:
3 3 2 1
a) b) 3
c) 4
d) 3
3 5 3 9
x x x− x x (x − x ) x (x − x ) x− x
Ex.1) = = = =
x+ x (x + x ) (x − x ) x −x
2
x ( x − 1) x −1
3 3 2− 3 3 (2 − 3 ) 3 (2 − 3 )
Ex. 2) = = = = 3(2 − 3 )
2 + 3 (2 + 3 ) (2 − 3 ) 22 − 2 1
13
Resolver :
1 1 2
a) b) c)
1+ 2 1− x x +1
7 1 1
d) e) f)
3+ 7 a+ b 3+ 2
16 = x2 + 2 → x 2 = 14 → x = ± 14
Resolver:
a) x= x b) 2 = x −1 c) 5 = x 2 − 1 + 3
d) 2 − x = x e) x = 1− x
14
22 - Resolução de Sistemas de Equações a 2 Incógnitas
3 x + 2 y = 12 1)
x + y=5 2)
Resolver:
a) 2x + y = 12 b) 3x + 2y = 4
x + 7y = 19 x-y = 2
c) 2x + 3y = 8 d) x - y =3
3x + 4y = 11 2x + y = 9
e) 343/792 ; f) 147/135
15
2) a) 55/46 b) 3/2 ; c) 24/7 ; d) 104/357 ; e) 256/371
3) a)17 ; b) 1 ; c) 15 ; d) –26 ; e) 49 ;
f) 54 ; g) 25 ; h) –32
4) a) x= -7/3 ; b) x=1/5
5) a) –3/2 ; b) -4/7 ; c) x= -3 ; d) x= - 5
7) a) x= ±2 ; b) x = ± 7
d) x=0 e x= 5
11) a) 9 ; b) 4 ; c) 49 ; d) 3 ; e) x + 2 ; f) 3
14) a) x2 – 6x +9 ; b) a2 + 4a + 4 ; c) x2 +2xy + y2
18) a) 4x ; b) x - 2 ; c) a + b ; d) x+ 2
19) a) 3 ; b) 3 3 25 /5 ; c) 2 4 27 /3 ; d) 3
81 / 9
16
d) (7/2).(3 - 5 ) ; e ) ( a - b )/ (a2 – b2 ) ; f) 3 - 2
d) x=4 e x= 1 ; e) x= ( 1± 5 )/2
17