Aa

a bit az-owlak2 [a:z-owlak] adj a little bit,

some Maa az-owlak pul gerek. I need a
little bit of money.
a bit earlier rk a bit earlier, as early
as possible rk gelen bolsa gowy
bolardy it would be better if you had
come a bit earlier
a four drtlk [d:rtlk] num a four
drtlk san four drtlk baha four, good
(i.e. a grade: four out of five) drtlk
galo
A grade blik 2 n an A (grade), a first
blik baha alarsymy? Are you getting
top grades? Okuwgy taryh sapagyndan
blik aldy. The pupil got an A for
history.
a Kyrgyz gyrgyz 1 n a Kyrgyz person
a little birneme adj a little; sellem n
a_little bir sellem a little, a trifle, just a
bit bir sellem garamak to wait a little bir
sellem garamaly we'll have to wait a
little
a Turkmen trkmen 1 n a Turkmen Men
trkmen I am a Turkmen.
a twenty igrimilik 1 num a twenty Men
igrimilik awtobusa mndm. I entered
onto the bus number twenty. {money}
A.D. b.e. (comp. of eam) A.D. - Anno
Domini Bu wakalar bizi eamymyzy
III asyrynda bolup gedi. These events
occurred during the 3rd century AD.
abacus hasap 6 [hasa:p] n abacus
(counting machine) comp. hasap-hesip
Abadan abadan 2 [abada:n] n person's
name Abadan gelrmi? Is Abadan
coming?
abandon terk etmek v to abandon, leave,
desert, forsake
abate ynjalmak 2 [y:njalmak] cf:
ynjaltmak. v to drop, abate {wind}
abhorrence igren n abhorrence, dislike,
hate, disgust, contempt, disdain, strong
aversion; repugnance igren dugusy
feeling of disgust/detestation

ability baarjalyk n ability, skill,

aptitude Ussa z eden iini basarjalyk
bilen erine etirdi. The craftsman did his
work with skill.; baarnyk n ability,
skill, faculty, knack; gift Her adamy z
baarnygy bar. Each person has his own
gifts.; ezberlik n ability, skill, knowhow
ablative yky 3 cf: konsert. n ablative
yky dm ablative case {grammar}
able baarja adj able, capable, skilful
Baarja adamlar iden gorkanok.
Capable people aren't afraid of work.;
ezber adj able, skilful, clever ezber
bolmak be skilful/able/clever ezber ii
able workman ezber sazanda skilful
musician ezber eller skilful hands
ablutions tret 1 n ablutions, ritual
cleansing (washing before you pray)
tret kylmak to perform ritual ablutions
abolish atyrmak 6 [atyrmak] v to
abolish ykys rugsat wizasy atyryldy exit
visas have been abolished comp. atyr
about *stnde 2 ( st) post about,
concerning, on, relating to Bilbil bilen
Selbi i stnde dawaladylar. Bilbil and
Selbi argued over work. ... edebi
temany stnde iledi. ... she worked on
a literary theme.; babatda [ba:batda]
post about, concerning Ol pul babatda
ejizdir. Concerning finances, he is weak.;
barada [ba:rada] post about, of;
bouna 3 post about, on, along din
bouna grr bermek to give a talk
about religion; dogrusynda adv about
(regarding); hakda cf: hakynda. post
about, concerning, regarding; hakynda
cf: hakda. post about, of, regarding,
concerning ol hakynda about him sgi
hakynda about love
about to hzirlenmek 2 v to be about to
do something
about to do taynlanmak
[ta:ynlanmak] v to be about to do
something, to be prepared to do
something

Bir gytylygy bir bolulygy

above okar post above, up, high Ol
okarda otyr. He's sitting upstairs.;
okarky 2 adj above okarky agzalanlar
above-mentioned {writing}; okary 1
adj above, up Meni okarymda gular
uup rdi. Some birds were flying
above me.
abridge gysgaltmak 2 [gy:sgaltmak] v to
abridge (a novel)
abrupt kert adj abrupt, precipitous, steep,
sharp kert er sharp turn kert gaa steep
precipice; aly 2 adj abrupt, steep,
precipitous aly gaa a steep cliff, an
overhanging rock
absolute grrsiz 1 adj absolute,
implicit, unquestioning grrsiz boun
bolmak implicit obedience
absolutely grrsiz 2 adv absolutely,
undoubtedly, there is no doubt that...,
Sen , grrsiz, mamla. You are
absolutely right.
absorb sidirmek v to absorb, soak up;
simek 2 v to absorb
abstain saklanmak 4 v to abstain (from),
refrain (from) ses bermekden saklanmak
to abstain from voting imekden
saklanmak to abstain from food/eating
absurd geliksiz 3 adj absurd; manysyz
[ma:ny:syz] adj absurd, senseless,
meaningless, nonsense manysyz grr
nonsense, humbug Ol samsyk manysyz
grler. He crazy speaks absurd.
abundance bolulyk n abundance,
plenty, profusion Sji kk
bolulygyna gzm dp, nme aljagymy
bilmedim. When I saw the abundance of
sweet biscuits, I didn't know which to
buy. say. Bir gytylygy bir bolulygy ;
bolluk n abundance
abundant bolamak v to become
abundant/plentiful Tomus gk nmler
bolanda, olary bahasy arzanlaar. In
summer when there are a lot of
vegetables their price drops.
Trkmenistan Garasyzlyk alandan so, z
ndrn harytlary merkezi bazarlarda we
dkanlarda bolady.; bolelin [boleli:n]
adj abundance; abundant Bolelinilikde
aamak in azap ekip ilemeli. You
have to work hard to live a life of
abundance. Sanatoriada dyn alamyzda,

2
bizi bolelin imitlendirdiler, ugrumyza
seretdiler.
academic alymlyk 2 [a:lymlyk] adj
academic Ol alymlyk derejesini aldy. He
obtained a post-graduate degree.
{inanimate}
academy akademia [aka'demia] n
academy Trkmenistany ylymlar
akademiasy the Turkmen Academy of
Sciences
ACC -ni ACC
accelerate altlandyrmak v to accelerate,
quicken, speed up
accent aksent [ak'sent] n accent
accept kabul etmek 1 [kabu:l etmek] v to
accept, admit, welcome mekdebe kabul
etmek to accept someone for entrance to
a school ie kabul etmek to employ, to
accept for a job sowgat kabul etmek to
accept a present Sizi teklibiizi kabul
edrin. I accept your offer. comp.
ekzamen kabul etmek
acceptable makul 1 [ma:ku:l] adj
acceptable, admissible makul bilmek to
consider something acceptable
accepted erlemek 4 v to be accepted
{employment, education}
accident helkilik 1 n accident, disaster,
catastrophe, emergency demir ol
helkiligi railway accident helkilik
ekmek to die comp. ol helkiligi ; ol
helkiligi cf: awaria. (comp. of
helkilik) car accident agyrydan
helkilik ekmek to be racked with pain,
suffer from pain ol helkiligine
uranlary hassahana kitdiler. Sufferers
of the car accident were taken to
hospital.
accidentally bilmezden adv by accident,
accidentally, inadvertently Bir zady
bilmezden atmak bolmaz. It is not
possible to predict what will happen
beforehand.; ttnden adv by accident,
by chance, accidentally
accommodation atakja [atakja:] n
accommodation atakja bermek to
accommodate (someone), put
(someone) up
accompany ugratmak 1 v to accompany,
to send off, to say goodbye Konsertden
so sazandany sahnadan owhynly el

onamak
arpma bilen ugratdylar. After the
concert the musician was sent off loudly
applauded. Konsertden so Plwan Lelini
ne ugratdy. After the concert ended
Palwan accompanied Leyli home. Meni
maynym bolsa, men sizi aeroporta enli
ugradip bilerdim. If I had a car I could
see you off at the airport. Men gnde
irden oldaymy ie pp ugradaryn. I
kiss my husband goodbye as I send him
off to work agalarymy gnde mekdebe
enli ugradaryn. I send my children off
to school everyday. {not musically}
according bouna 1 post according to,
in accordance/conformity/compliance
dzgn bouna hereket etmek to act
according to the regulations kanun
bouna
account hasabat [hasa:bat] n account,
report hasabat bermek to report, give an
account yllyk hasabat annual report;
hasap 3 [hasa:p] n report, account
hasap bermek give an account (of),
report (on) comp. hasap-hesip
accountant buhgalter [buh'galter] cf:
hasapy. n book-keeper, accountant;
hasapy [hasa:py] cf: buhgalter. n
accountant, accounts clerk, ledger clerk
accountants buhgalteria [buhgal'teria]
n accountants department
accounting hasapylyk 1 [hasa:pylyk] n
accounting
accuracy dogrulyk 1 n accuracy,
straightness, directness terjimni
dogrulygy accuracy of the translation
Gazeti redaktory teksti dogrulygyny
barlady. The editor of the newspaper
checked the accuracy of the text.
Garalama azylan sapagy dogrulygyny
barladyp,depdere grdim. The lesson
notes were checked for accuracy and
then copied to my notebook.; takyklyk
1 [ta:ky:klyk] n accuracy, punctuality
accurate anyk adj accurate, exact, clear;
accurately; takyk [ta:ky:k] adj accurate,
punctual
accurately rejeli adj accurately, orderly
rejeli gomak to put in order
accusation ayplama n accusation;
garalama2 n accusation garalama
kagyzlar drift papaers

accusative ei 2 n accusative ei
dm accusative case {grammar}
accuse ayplamak v to accuse, blame, set
the blame (on) Ony para alandygy in
aypladylar. He is disgraced because he
took a bribe.; garalamak 3 v to accuse
(someone of), set the blame (on
someone), shame; gnlemek cf:
gnkrlemek. v to accuse, charge,
condemn; azgarmak 1 [a:zgarmak] v
to accuse kimdir birini etmiini
azgarmak to accuse somebody of their
wrongdoing; kemek v to accuse Oa
ok erden gn klediler. They accused
him without any guilt. comp. gara
kemek
accuser ayplajy 1 n accuser,
prosecutor; garalawy n accuser,
prosecutor jemgyetilik garalawysy
public prosecutor
achieve etmek 6 v to achieve, gain Men
ahyry arzuwyma etdim. At last I
achieved my dream.
acknowledgement hoallyk 1 [hoa:llyk]
n acknowledgement, thanks,
recognition, gratitude hoallyk bildirmek
to express one's satisfaction/gratitude/
thanks (to)
acquaintance tanylyk n acquaintance,
friendship onu zi tanylyk berdi he
gave me [the pleasure of] his
acquaintance
acquire dil wrenmek (comp. of dil2) v
to learn/study a language, acquire a
language Dil wrenmek in bar nsii
bermeli. You should pay full attention
when learning a language.
acquit aklamak 2 [a:klamak] cf:
agartmak. v to acquit, absolve Sudu
esasy wezipesi gnsizi aklamak. A judge's
most important duty is to acquit the
innocent.
across
act akt n act; keramat [kera:mat] n
(magic) act, miracle, wonder Dogabitdi
kr gzni aylmagy keramat. It is a
miracle to open the eyes of a person
born blind. {religious}; onamak 4 cf:
onamak. v to act, play roluny
onamak to play a part Gamleti roluny
onamak to play/act Hamlet; perde 2 n

retmek
act perdeli pesa play in three acts
{theatre}; remek 2 cf: retmek. v
to act birini grkezmesi bilen remek to
act on someone's instructions comp.
Assa rn uzaga gider.
action hereket 1 n action, motion,
movement; effect herekete getirmek to set
in motion hereket etmek to move, to act,
to be an effect (on)
active aktiw [ak'tiw] adj active; ieir
[i:eir] adj active, energetic, vigorous
ieir adam energetic person
activist aktiwist [akti'wist] n activist
actor aktor n (film) actor; artist [ar'tist]
n actor, actress; ouny 2 n actor
acute iti 9 adj acute iti bur acute angle
{mathematics} comp. iti zehinli comp.
iti-iti
adapt adaptirlemek [adap'tirlemek] v to
adapt; ugunlamak v to adapt to, to
adjust to, to get accustomed to Baka
here gse ugunlamak in kp wagt
gerek. If you move to a different city it
will take a long time to get accustomed
to it. Ak aylary yssy kontinentlere
geirse olar uganlamaarlar. If you put
polar bears in hot climes, they will not
adapt. Obada np semso uly here
uganlamak kyn boldy. Since I grew up
in a village, it was hard for me to adapt
to city life.
add gatmak v to add, mix, mix up aga
toap gatmak to mix up butter with
treacle sz gatmak to address el gatmak
to disgrace, dishonour; gomak 1 v to
add Alty gomak iki dadir sekiz. 6 plus 2
equals 8. comp. ba gomak comp.
gomak alamaty
add up jemlemek 3 cf: komplekt. v to
add (up) {mathematics}
addition goant 1 n addition, dash ge
goady bolmadyk toun clay having no
addition of sand; goma n addition
comp. goma at comp. goma szlem
address adres ['adres] cf: salgy. n address
e-hat adresi e-mail address; salgy 2 cf:
adres. n address; zlenmek 1 v to
address (oneself to) Men Nyazow
kesine tarap zlendim. I addressed to
Niyazow street.

4
addressee ee 2 n addressee Hat eesine
gowudy. the letter was delivered to its
addressee. comp. ee bolmak
adjust sazlamak 3 [sa:zlamak] v adjust,
put right ii sazlamak set things going
arany sazlamak to adjust relations kepi
sazlamak to come to a good mood {fig}
administration administrasia
[admini'strasia] n administration;
hkimlik 2 n mayor's office,
administration, government
administrative administratiw adj
administrative
administrator administrator
[admini'strator] cf: dolandyryjy. n
administrator
admirer hyrydar 1 [hyry:da:r] n admirer,
lover (of), enthusiast (for), worshipper
Owadan gyzy hyrydary kp bolar. A
beautiful girl will have many admirers.
adolescent etginjek having reached (the
age of); adolescent etginjek oglanlar
hatara durdular. Adolescent boys stood
in the line.
adopted child ogullyk n adopted child,
foster-child ogullyga almak to adopt
Myrat b yllap agasy bolmanso, z
aal doganyny agasyny ogullyga aldy.
Because of Myrat did not have a child
for five years, he adopted his own
sister's child.
adultery biwepalyk [bi:wepa:lyk] n
adultery, infidelity, unfaithfulness Kp
adamlar biwepalygy bagylamaarlar. A
lot of people don't forgive
unfaithfulness. Kp magalada
biwepalygy geirimlilik edip agalary in
aaarlar.
advantageous bhbitli [bhbi:tli] adj
advantageous, profitable, remunerative,
useful Barymyz in bhbitli i. An
advantageous work for us all.; hayrly
1 adj profitable, advantageous hayrly
ylalayk profitable deal/bargain comp.
Ertiriiz hayrly bolsun!
adverb hal1 4 [ha:l] n adverb hal iligi
gerund, adverbial participle {grammar}
adverbial_modifier ahwalat 3 [ahwa:lat]
n adverbial modifier {grammar}
advertisement bildiri 2 n advertisement;
mahabat [maha:bat] cf: reklama. n

le
announcement alan mahabat a false
advertisement; reklama [re'klama] cf:
mahabat. n advertisement reklama
etmek to advertise reklama bermek to put
in an advertisement
advice maslahat 1 n advice, counsel
maslahat bermek to advise, give advice
(to); nesihat [nesi:hat] n advice nesihat
bermek to advise; wt-nesihat [wtnesi:hat] cf: wtwt-nesihat
nesihat. adv advice wt-nesihat etmek
to admonish, give advice to, edify,
exhort; pent n advice, admonition,
exhortation pent etmek to admonish,
exhort pent almak to follow/take advice;
phim n advice, wisdom, wise sayings,
thoughts; sala [sala:] n advice sala
salmak to ask advice, seek advice/cousel
(from); ndew cf: wt-ndew, wt.
n advice, counsel ndew etmek to advise
advise maslahatlamak v to advise one
another, consult, ask advice (of); to hold
a council/meeting, have a discussion
Men dostum bilen toum barada
maslahatladym. I had a discussion with
my friend about my wedding party.
adviser geei n adviser, counsellor
harby geei military adviser
ilihanany geeisi counsellor of
embassy; maslahaty n adviser,
counsellor Kakam meni maslahatymdy.
My father was my adviser.
aerial antenna [an'tenna] n aerial,
antenna hemra antennasy satellite
antenna
aeroplane layn 2 [la:yn] n aeroplane
polat layn steel aeroplane; uar n
aeroplane, plane, aircraft Trkmenistan
Amerikadan iki sany tze uar satyn aldy.
Turkmenistan bought two new airplanes
from America.
affair i 2 cf: alada. n business, affairs i
bilen on business Bu meni iim. That is
my business zgni iine goulma! Mind
your own business! I pyrryk. The deal
fell through. comp. Bu gnki iii ert
goma! say. Galan ie gar agar comp.
i-alada ; umu 2 n affair, work, job,
business umu bilen gelmek to come on
business birine umy dmek to have
some business with somebody

Afghan owgan [obga:n] adj Afghan Men

owgan I am a Afghan. owgan dili Afghan,
the Afghan language (sem. domains:
4.1.2 - Types of people.)
Afghanistan Owganystan [Owga:nystan]
n Afghanistan Owganystan howply, ol
erde kp talabanlar bar. Afghanistan is
dangerous, there are many talabans.
(sem. domains: 9.7.2.1 - Names of
countries.)
aforementioned hlki adj that, what has
been, aforementioned, that same Hlki
grri soy nhili boldy? How did the
aforementioned discussion finish?;
aky 1 adj that, the aforementioned
Twele turar we bir salymda aky
guy gmlar. A tornado got up and in
a moment that sheep was covered (in
sand). {singular}; okardaky 2
[okarda:ky] adj above, abovementioned okardaky adylanlara gr
dzme azy. Write a summary about
afore-mentioned things.
Africa Afrika ['afrika] n Africa
African afrikaly adj African (person)
(sem. domains: 4.1.2 - Types of people.)
after so conjunction after, then ahyr soy
the last, final sounda in the end souny
samazlyk carelessness; sora
conjunction after this sora-da and then,
after all that, still ol sora-da ilerdi he
was still working - after all that;
yzysre 1 [y:zysre] adj after, behind
yzysre gitmek to follow someone closely
after all ahbetin [ahbeti:n] particle after
all at-da adam ahbetin a horse is also a
person, after all
after this aradan [a:radan] conjunction
after this
afterlife ahyret [a:hyret] n the afterlife
afternoon le cf: ln. adv afternoon
ln in the afternoon le namazy
afternoon prayers; ln cf: le.
afternoon
afterwards ondan so conjunction
afterwards, after that Ilki bazara gideli,
ondan so toa bararys. First let's go to
the market, then we'll go to the
wedding.
again gatadan adv again, anew gatadan
balamak to begin over again gatadan

a-ele
grr bermek to retell; tzeden adj
again, anew; aadan [aada:n] adj
again, anew aadan seredip ykmak to
revise, to go over again, to review; ene
1 adj again, more ene-de bir one more
So, meni ene-de keselhana getirdiler...
Later, they brought me to the hospital
again...
against gary 2 post against Ol bizi
garymyzdan ykdy. He came out against
us. emaly garysyna gitmek to go
against the wind Sen u teklibe garymy?
Are you against this proposal?
against one's will ygtyarsyz 2
[ygtya:rsyz] adj against one's will Ol
ygtyarsyz ylalamaly boldy. He was
forced to agree against his will.
age garralmak v to grow old, age;
garramak v to grow old, age Ol
garrapdyr. He became old. Gazygynda
garrasyn! always be beside somebody till
old suwa dmekden eli garramak to
wrinkle your hand by having bath;
garramak v to gradually grow old, age
imperceptibly; a2 1 [a:] n age orta
aly middle-aged comp. a-ele ;
a4 cf: aynda. age Aty ayny biljek
bolsa, diine seret. If you want to know
the age of horse, look at its teeth.
aged garry 2 cf: kne. adj old-aged, aged
garry old house; aynda cf: a4.
aged, at the age of Meni kii oglum alty
aynda mekdebe gitdi. My youngest son
went to school at the age of six.
agency agentlik n agency
agent agent [a'gent] n agent pjnilik
agenti insurance salesman harby agent
war agent, spy
aggravation itilik 8 n aggravation
agday itiligi aggravation of a
situation
aggression basybalyjylyk n aggression,
intention to invade
aggressive basybalyjy adj aggressive,
intending to invade
ago ozal 1 cf: owal. post ago b yl ozal
five years ago
agonising ejirli 1 adj agonising, tortuous
ejirli gnler agonising days
agonizing jebir-jepa 2 (comp. of jebir)
adj agonizing, hard

6
agony janhowul [ja:nhowul] n agony,
suffering, death pangs Ol janhowluna
nme ednini bilenokdy. In his agony he
does not know what is he doing.
agree barlymak 2 v to agree, get on with
(each other) Iki guda z aralarynda
ylalayp, agalaryny biri-birine
barlymagyny islediler. The two sets of
in-laws, agreeing amongst themselves,
wanted their respective children to get
on with each other. [The two children
are married to each other.]; dil
birikdirmek (comp. of dil2) v to agree
on Bir ii bitirmek in dil
birikdirip,maslahatlayp etse ii biter.
You can complete your work if you
discuss it and come to an agreement.;
dillemek v to agree, reach an
agreement, arrange Olar duuyk
wagtyny dillediler. They agreed the time
of the meeting. Oglanlar dilleip gyzlary
baramylyklaryny gutlap,sowgat berdiler.
The boys agreed to congratulate the
girls about their holiday and gave them
a present. Joram bilen dilleip bileje teatra
sahna grmge gitdik. I arranged with my
friend and went to the theatre to watch
the performance. Gizlin dilleip nme i
etjek bolayz? What are you trying to
achieve by making arrangements in
secret?; geplemek 2 cf: szlemek. v
agree (about something) Gepledik onda.
That's agreed then.; goulmak 4 v to
agree pikere goulmak to agree with an
idea; gwnemek v to agree, consent,
give one's consent; oumak cf:
oudyrmak. v to get (on), agree
(with), be on good terms (with) Olar
oumaarlar They don't get on, they are
at odds.; razy 2 [ra:zy:] adj in
agreement Men seni adany bilen razy.
I agree with what you have said. Ol die
okamaga razy boldy. He was only
content to study. Ol lenmge razy
boldy. He agreed to get married. comp.
Razy bol! ; razylamak 2
[ra:zy:lamak] v to agree Ol meni bilen
razylady. He agreed with me.;
ertlemek to come to an agreement;
ugruna 1 cf: ugur. adv towards, along,
agree ugruna kowmak (idiom) to agree,
to allow, to assent to comp. ugruna
barmak comp. ugruny itirmek ;

klli gn
ylalamak 1 [yla:lamak] cf:
ylaladyrmak. v to agree, to come to an
agreement Siz meni bilen
ylalaarsyyzmy? Do you agree with
me?
agreed kayl 1 [ka:yl] adj agreed, in
agreement (with), concordant (with)
kayl bolmak to agree (with) Ejem maa
z gazanjya kayl bolmagy ndew edr.
My mother told me to be satisfied with
what I earn.
agreement htnama [htna:ma] n
agreement, contract htnama baglamak
to conclude an agreement; razyylyk
[ra:zy:ylyk] cf: razylyk. n agreement
Biz gyzy kakasyndan razyylyk aldyk.
We gained the agreement of the girl's
father. [to get married] comp. nika
razyylygyny almak ; ertnama 1
[ertna:ma] n agreement, contract;
ylalayk 1 [yla:layk] n agreement,
understanding ylalayga gelmek to agree,
to come to an agreement Olar hi haan
ylalayga gelmezler. They will never
come to an agreement.
agricultural labour dahanylyk
[daha:nylyk] n agricultural labour
dahanylyk etmek to labour on a farm
or in an association of agricultural
labourers
agriculture ekinilik 2 n agriculture,
farming ekinilik ileri agriculture works
Ahal ahal n Ahal Ahal welaaty The Ahal
province (sem. domains: 9.7.2.2 Names of regions.) comp. ahal-teke
Ahal-Teke ahal-teke (comp. of ahal) adj
the Ahal-Teke tribe ahal-teke aty AhalTeke horse(s) (sem. domains: 9.7.1.3 Clan names.)
aid esbap 2 [esba:p] n aid okuw-grkezme
esbaplary additional aids of lesson
AIDS spid AIDS
aim enemek 1 v to aim (at), take aim/
sight tpe enemek to aim a rifle
air howa 1 [howa:] n air, atmosphere, sky
Howany temperaturasy. The air
temperature. Dowa agtylyp balady. Day
is breaking. comp. howa oly
air force harby-howa [harby-howa:] adj
air force harby-howa gleri Air forces

aircraft howa gmisi (comp. of gmi) n

aircraft
airline howa oly (comp. of howa, ol) n
airline Trkmenistany howa ollary
Turkmenistan airline
airport aeroport [aero'port] n airport
al right Bolar! 1 (comp. of bolmak) Al
right! {Brit}
Alans alanlar n the Alans [an ancient
nomadic tribe]
alarm howsala n alarm, worry, anxiety,
uneasiness howsala dmek to worry, be
anxious/uneasy/worried (about),
become anxious (about)
albinism pis 2 [pi:s] adj albinism, albino
pis amak to suffer from albinism Bizi
goymyzy eline kislota guulan
alydy,oa eli pisli diilardi. {medical}
album albom [al'bom] n album, sketchbook
alcoholic arakhor [arakho:r] n alcoholic
alienate daladyrmak v to alienate,
drive away
alive diri 1 [di:ri] adj alive, living
Terrory diri ele ddi. The terrorist was
captured alive. diri galmak to survive
Awto helkilikde b adamdan birisi diri
galdy. In the car accident one of the five
survived. Dumany diri ele almaly diilen
buruk geldi. A command was issued to
capture the enemy alive. comp. diri
samsyk
all bar 4 [ba:r] adj all of, the whole Bar
edilen iler biderek boldy. All the work
that had been done was a waste of time.
Bar bol(u)! comp. bar bolmak comp.
bary-ogy ; bara Pronoun all (of), the
entire; hli all hli erde everywhere
hli halk international; hemme adj all,
every hemme zat everything hemmmiz
all of us hemmesi all of them hemme
erde everywhere; jem 2 n all, whole
jemi nm gross product jem bolmak to
gather; klli1 adj all, whole klli jahan
the whole world Klli trkmen ili
Garasyzlyk baramyny beller. The
whole Turkmen nation celebrate
Independence Day. comp. klli gn ;
uzak 3 adj all, entire, whole Men uzak
gije kitap okap day atanyny
bilmndirin. I was reading the whole

mr uzak bolsun!
night and I didn't notice when the sun
rose. Gyzlar uzak gn pagta medanynda
bolup, agam ara dera suwa dmge
gitdiler. The girls were working the
whole day in the cotton field and went
to swim in river in the evening.
Agabatdan Mara golanam uzak oly
uklap geldim. I slept all the way from
Ashgabat to Mary. {time, distance}
comp. mr uzak bolsun!
all around twerek day adj all around
Meret twerek dayny agyryp to etdi.
Meret gave a wedding-feast and invited
everyone.
all of it tutulyk n all (of it)
all right Boljak! 2 (comp. of bolmak) All
right - I'll do it!
all the same ikibadan adj all the same
Ol ikibadan geler. He will come all the
same. {colloq}
all year yl boy (comp. of bo) all year
Londonda btin yl boy agy agar. In
London it rains all year.
Allah Alla [Alla:] n Allah, God
allegedly hamala [hama:la] adv
supposedly, allegedly hamala, ol gij
galan ekend. Let us suppose he is late.
allergy allergia [aller'gia] n allergy
alley allea [al'lea] n alley
allotment bag-bakja [ba:g-bakja] n
garden, allotment, vegetable patch Bagbakjada ggern gawungarpyzlar rn
tagamly. Sweet melons and watermelons grown in a garden are very
tasty. Dahanlar bag-bakjada zhmet
ekip ilerler. Farmers toil away in
allotments.
allow gobermek 2 v to allow, let, permit
allow past geirmek 4 v to allow
something past, to make something go
through suw geirmek to make water
flow (past) badan geirmek comp. biribirinden geirmek comp. bokurdakdan
geirmek comp. durmua geirmek
comp. geirn ilikler comp. gzden
geirmek comp. itden geirmek
allow through geirmek 2 v let someone
go past, allow through, make way (for)
Ony geiri! Let him through! badan
geirmek comp. biri-birinden geirmek
comp. bokurdakdan geirmek comp.

8
durmua geirmek comp. geirn
ilikler comp. gzden geirmek comp.
itden geirmek
ally tarapdar 2 [tarapda:r] n ally
almond badam [ba:dam] n almond
along ugruna 2 cf: ugur. post along,
beside Agadan gaan apraklar emaly
ugruna uardylar. Leaves fallen from
trees were being blown along by the
wind. Biz akymy ugruna zp gitdik.
We swam with the current. agalar
maynlary gen oluny ugrunda
onaardylar. The children were playing
on the street where cars were passing.
Mekdep okuwylary olu ugruna aga
nahallaryny ekdiler. The school children
planted trees beside the road. Golaryy
dwpsi, ugur nirk? You've packed
your suitcase, where are you going?
comp. ugruna barmak comp. ugruny
itirmek
alphabet elipbi [eli:pbi] n alphabet
elipbi bouna alphabetically, in
alphabetical order comp. elipbiden
ermende elipden ermende ; harplyk n
alphabet book, ABC book
already em adv already
alright
also -d cf: -da2, -de1. suffix too, also;
hem 1 adv also, too, as well as Bu gyz
hem owadan. This girl is also beautiful.
although hem 2 particle even though,
although, even if Ol a hem bolsa kp
zat bilr. Although he is young he
knows a lot.
always elmydam [elmyda:m] cf:
elmydama. adj always, for ever Ol
elmydam ili. He is always busy.
elmydam ele always the same;
elmydama [elmyda:ma] cf: elmydam.
adv always elmydama trgenleik gemeli
always must be trained; hemie 1 adv
always, constantly, permanently;
mydam [myda:m] adj always mydam
ele always the same Ol mydam
anymda. He is always with me.;
mydama [myda:ma:] adv always, for
ever Sen mydama zerenip rs. You
are complaining all the time.
ambassador ili 1 [i:li] n ambassador,
diplomat Trkmenistana daary urtly

melek aly owadan

ililer geldiler. The foreign embassadors
came to Turkmenistan
ambition niet 2 v ambition, aim nietie
etmek to achieve one's ambition Men
alykda okary okuwa girmegi niet
etdim. I aimed entering higher education
in my youth.
ambling orga 1 adj ambling orga at an
ambling horse
ambulance tiz kmek mayny (comp. of
kmek) ambulance
amen omyn [omy:n] cf: twwir
galdyrmak. interj amen omyn etmek to
say grace
America Amerika [A'merika] n America
(sem. domains: 4.6.7.1 - Country.)
American amerikaly n American;
amerikan adj American
ammunition ok-dri n ammunition okdri sklady ammunition store
amount jemi adj in all, a total of, amount
of, number of, total number pulu jemi
amount of money Biz jemi b adamdyk.
There were five of us altogether.;
mber 2 n amount, quantity pulu
mberi amount of money
Amu Derya Amydera [a:mydera:] cf:
Jehun. n Amu Darya (Oxus) [a river
running through Central Asia, including
Turkmenistan]
amulet doga 1 [doga:] n amulet, talisman
doga dakynmak to wear an amulet
Howpdan gorar aly molla maa
dakynmana doga azyp berdi. The mullah
gave me an amulet to wear in order to
protect me from danger.
amused gmenmek 1 v to be amused,
be occupied (with), be engaged (in) i
bilen gmenmek to be occupied with
work
amusement gmenje n amusement, fun,
entertainment gmenje in for fun;
tomaa n amusement, show
an Italian italialy 1 n an Italian
anaesthetise dodurmak 2 v
anaesthetise, give an anaesthetic
Gaharyma malaya dodurmakam git
u erden. Go away from here before I
strike to your forehead.
analysis analiz [an'aliz] n analysis

ancestor baba 2 [ba:ba] n ancestor Bizi

ata-babalarymyz kp dp-dessurlary
galdyrypdyr. Our ancestors passed on
many traditions to us.
ancestors ata 2 n ancestors Atasyz toda
etim, enesiz gnde etim. One is an
orphan at weddings without a father,
but one is an orphan every day without
a mother. ata-baba ancestors, forefathers
ata nesihaty father's commandments
comp. atalar szi comp. atam
dwrnden galan comp. atam i say.
Atasyz oglan etim, enesiz oglan esir
anchor labyr n anchor labyr talamak to
drop anchor
ancient gadymky [gady:mky] cf:
gadymy. adv ancient; gadymy
[gady:my] cf: gadymky. adj ancient,
old, antique, olden (days) gadymy
turkmenler Turkmen in ancient times
gadym ancient gadym zamanda... long
ago gadymy dp ancient tradition
and -da2 1 [-da:] cf: -d, -de1. conjunction
and, though, but Ana-da, Aknur-da ilis
dilini wrenrler.5 Both Ayna and
Aknur learn English.; -de1 cf: -d, -da2.
conjunction and, though, but; bilen 2
post and, with, together with a bilen
gant tea with sugar Oraz, Gzel bilen
Oraz and Gozel; hem 3 conjunction and;
we conjunction and studentler we
mugallymlar students and teachers gyzlar
we oglanlar girls and boys we oa
mezeler etc., and so on {used mainly
as coordinating conjunction}
and so elelik bilen (comp. of elelik)
and so
anecdote anekdot [anek'dot] cf: orta
sz. n anecdote, story, joke; orta sz
cf: anekdot. (comp. of sz) anecdote
angel melek n angel ay doglan aga
melek aly pkize. New born baby is
pure like angel. {religious} comp. melek
aly owadan ; peride [peri:de] n
angel
anger gahar n anger gahar gelmek to get
angry Meni gaharym geldi. I was angry.
gahar etmek to be angry gaharyy
uwutmak to calm down; gyzmak 4 v to
get angry, get excited, fly into a passion
gany gyzmak to get angry, fly into a
passion; iakgy anger

janly-jandar
angle gyra 1 n angle
angry agyr zli (comp. of z2) a) angry
b) taciturn, uncommunicative;
gaharlanmak v to be angry
animal hawan 1 [hawa:n] n animal,
beast hawanlary domestic animals;
janly 2 [ja:nly] n grazing animals,
sheep, sheep and goats janly somak to
kill a lamb, a sheep or a goat comp.
janly-jandar ; mal 1 [ma:l] n domestic
animal, livestock iri ahly mal cattle malgara sheep and goats; flocks mal bakmak
to graze, pasture, to shepherd, tend
comp. ig mal comp. mal kesmek
animals hawanat [hawa:na:t] n
animals, fauna, wildlife hawanat bagy
zoo
ankle topuk n ankle
anniversary ubile 1 [ubi'le] n
anniversary; jubilee ewrowidenie 60
a ubileini belledi. Eurovision
celebrated 60 years jubilee.; yllyk n
anniversary Garasyzlygy sekiz yllygy.
The 8th anniversary of Independence.
announcement bildiri 1 n
announcement, notice bildiri tagtasy
notice board
annoying narpyz 2 n annoying Sen-
narpyz ekeni! It turns out that you are
quite annoying!
annual biryllyk adj a year's, twelve
months, for a year, annual, yearly
biryllyk ekin one year's worth of crops
annually ylsayn [ylsa:yn] adv
annually, every year, yearly, year by
year ylsayn smek to grow year by
year Onu ady ylsayn beige galar.
His name is spread widely year by year.
Haly baramylygy ylsayn geirilr.
Carpet day is celebrated annually.
annul bozmak 4 v to annul, cancel,
abolish, break Siz bilen ertnama
bozmaga islmok. I don't want to break
the agreement we made. Hasydyr bir
tarap ertnamany bozsa, ertnama
baglaygy bozular.
another baga 1 adj another, other,
different Baga mayn srmek in, meni
derejm gabat gelenok. My driving
categories don't allow me to drive a
different sort of vehicle. Garrygyz

10
gawuny bilen waharman gawunyny
tagamy baga. Old-maid melons and
Waharman melons have a different
flavour; kii adj someone else's,
another's, others' kii zady someone
else's belongings; zge 1 adj different,
another zge erde in another place;
ene 2 adj in addition, another ene b
m manatlyk haryt al. Buy something
else for five thousand manat.
answer gatargy 1 n answer gatargy
bermek to answer back
ant garynja n ant garynja kislotasy formic
acid sary garynja yellow ant
antenna murt 3 n antenna, feeler {insect}
comp. murty syh-syh bolmak
anthem gimn n anthem dwlet gimni
National Anthem
anthology toplum 2 cf: kompleks. n
anthology, collection Magtymgulyny
eserleri toplumy Magtymguly's collected
works
antique adygrlik 3 [a:dygrlik] n
antique, antiquity arheologik
adygrlikler archeological finds
antiquity gadym [gady:m] n antiquity,
ancient, historic gadym wagtlarda in
ancient times
anvil sandal1 n anvil
anxiety birahatlyk [bi:rahatlyk] n
anxiety, lack of peace; howatyr
[howa:ty:r] n alarm, worry, trouble,
anxiety, fear, unease
any islendik adj any, at random, any time
Islendik soragy jogaby bar. There is
answer for any question.
apologise tnmek v to apologise
apostrophe dyrnak 3 n apostrophe,
quotation mark goa dyrnak quotation
marks Hatyda dialog grkezenide goa
dyrnaga almaly. You must use quotation
marks in your letter to indicate speech.
appeal zlenme n appeal, address Ol
maa kmek pul sorap zlendi. She
appealed to me for money. comp.
zlenme belgisi comp. zlenme
szlemi
appear dmek2 5 cf: dnmek. v cost
Bu saa n ddi? How much did you
pay for it? Bu mayn maa gymmat

11

il olasa atyy so
dmedi. This car was not expensive for
me. Seni okuwy maa gymmat ddi.
Your study was expensive for me.
[narzan is a Muslim ritual cleansing]
comp. abradan dmek comp. aa
dmek comp. aagy dmek comp.
ara dmek comp. bay dmek comp.
ke dmek comp. ele dmek comp.
gorka dmek comp. haldan dmek
comp. howsala dmek comp. jayna
dmek comp. kne dmek comp.
kjesine dmek comp. ruhdan dmek
comp. salkyn dmek comp. surata
dmek comp. tapdan dmek comp.
stnden dmek1 comp. yka dmek
comp. ada dmek comp. ola dmek
comp. rege dmek ; emele gelmek1
v to be formed, come into existence, to
appear; garalmak2 3 v to appear, be
visible Uzakda bir zat garalar.
Something dark can be seen in the
distance. comp. garalyp durmak ;
grnmek v to appear, show oneself (to
be), look (like), seem, be visible gze
grnmek to seem Ol gyz meni gzme
owdan bolup grndi. That girl seemed
so beautiful to me.; hzir bolmak 3
(comp. of hzir) v to appear, show up;
peda bolmak (comp. of peda) to
appear, come out; z dndermek
(comp. of z2) refuse, reject Olar meni
makalamdan z dnderdiler. They
refused to accept my article.
appearance da2 1 n appearance, look;
nyana 2 [nya:na] n appearance, look
Onu nyanasy tgpdir. His
appearance has changed.; pisint n
appearance da pisindi exterior da
pisindi bouna kesgitlemek to judge by
appearances pisint etmezlik not to pay
attention (to), not to care; supat 1 n
appearance, look, face; sypat n outward
appearance
appetite id 1 n appetite idiz ayk
bolsun! Bon appetite!; mde 2 n appetite
mdesi ayk open appetite mde
degmek to break one's appetite
apple alma n apple comp. er almasy
applicant arzay n applicant
apply mascara kirpiklerii boa (comp.
of boamak) to apply mascara to one's
eye-lashes ol hemie kirpiklerini boaar.

she always wears mascara on her eyelashes.

appoint bellemek 1 v to appoint, choose
wezipe bellemek to appoint to a
responsible position Krhanamyza tze
balyk bellendi. Our work-place has had
a new boss appointed.
apprenticeship
approach emelemek v to approach,
start to work on mesel takyk emelemek
to work on a problem using an accurate
method; akynlamak 1
[aky:nlamak] v to approach, come up
here akynlamak to approach the
town; etmek 5 v to approach, draw
near Men ylgap onu yzyndan etdim. I
ran and approached him.
approached emlemek 2 v to be
approached, dealt with
appropriate degili 3 adj appropriate,
proper, fitting degili reler grmek to
take appropriate measures; gwneja
[gwneja:] adj suitable, proper,
appropriate, good, right gwneja wagt
the right moment, a suitable moment
gwneja etmek to do someone good
appropriately erlikli adv appropriately,
correctly erlikli ulanmak to use
something appropriately
approve makullamak [ma:ku:llamak] v
to approve (of), confirm, sanction Halk
bu karary makullady. The people
approved of this decree.; olamak v to
approve (of), consider something right,
accept, agree Men onu gelen netijesini
olaaryn. I agree with the decision that
he came to. comp. il olasa atyy so ;
unamak [u:namak] v to approve, to
agree Mugallym okuwy beren jogabyny
unady. The teacher agreed with the
student's answer. Seni mekdepden
jogapsyz gadanyy men unap biljek dl. I
don't approve your leaving the school
without permission. aulylar
maslahatynda goulan teklipleri bar
aulylar unadylar. All proposals were
approved by the elders at the elders
council. To maslahatynda kakam bizi
etmeli ilerimizi unady. At the wedding
planning meeting, my father approved
all the tasks we need to do at the
wedding.

Bar, iie git!

approximate barmak1 5 v to
approximate, to have almost done
something gutaryp barmak to be almost
finished Bizi iimiz ilerlp barar. Our
work is heading in a good direction.
sowlup barmak to pop into somewhere
else on the way comp. Bar, iie git!
say. agyrylmadyk erie barma,
agyrlan eriden galma
approximate(ly) takmynan [takmy:nan]
adj approximate(ly), roughly, about
approximately emeli 1 post
approximately, about, around Sagat on
emeleri bolupdy. It was about ten
o'clock.; emesinde post approximately,
about, around on adam emesinde about
ten people; en 2 n approximately en
bilen approximately, roughly; takmyn
approximately, roughly, about; twerek
post approximately, about, around,
roughly; umuman 4 [umu:man]
conjunction around, approximately Men
umuman doglan gnme igrimi b adam
agyrdym. I have invited approximately
twenty five people to my birthday.
apricot erik [er:ik] n apricot
apricots dried kide n dried apricots kide
sermek to dry apricots
April aprel [ap'rel] n April
apron lk n apron; pinafore
Arab arap 1 n Arab (sem. domains: 4.1.2 Types of people.)
Arabia Arabystan n Arabia Saud
Arabystan Saudi Arabia (sem. domains:
9.7.2.1 - Names of countries.)
Arabic arapa n Arabic arapa geplemek
speak Arabic (sem. domains: 9.7.2.1 Names of countries.)
archer kemany n archer, bowman Dawut
pygamber a oglan wagty kde kemany
eken. The prophet Dawut was a good
archer when he was young boy.
architect arhitektor [arhi'tektor] n
architect
architecture arhitektura [arhitek'tura] n
architecture
area watan 2 n area pegi watany
Hyta. China is the motherland of silk
Kaspi dezi gara ibili watany. Caspian
sea is the motherland of black caviar

12
arena arena [a'rena] n arena
argue ekelemek v to argue (with
someone about), dispute (with someone
over, about) Bu meselede olar uzak
ekelediler. They argued long about this
matter.; dilemek 3 v to argue, try to
buy for Bazarda bir toklyny b z m
manada diledim, ne ylalamadyk. In the
market I tried to buy a yearling for five
thousand Manat, but we could not agree
a price. Sygyry iki milliona diledim, diln
bahamada aldym. I argued that I should
pay two million for a cow, and got it for
that price.; jedellemek 1 v to argue,
quarrel, dispute Biz dn ygnakda kp
jedelleip oturdyk. Yesterday at the
meeting we sat quarrelling for ages.;
sanamak 2 [sa:namak] v to argue
(with), wrangle (with); sgmek
[s:gmek] v to argue heatedly, quarrel
Men hi kim bilen sgmerin. I'm not
in love with anyone
argument ekeleik n argument, dispute,
discussion Ol ekeleige goulmady. S/he
didn't join in with the argument.; dawa
[da:wa:] n argument, dispute, conflict,
row, quarrel Mejlisde hkmet orunlary
in dawa balandy. There was a dispute
over government places in the congress/
Parliament. Men onu bilen dawaly. I
have quarreled with him. dawa etmek to
create a disagreement; jedel 1 n
quarrel, dispute, argument Jedellem!
Don't quarrel!; tutalga 2 cf: ruka,
syagalam, tutawa. adv argument,
reason; tutaryk [tuta:ryk] n argument,
reason; uru 3 n argument Serdar bilen
Wepa arasyndaky uru akymsyz szden
balady. The fight between Serdar and
Wepa started with some unpleasant
words.
arise dremek v to arise, form, come into
being Bizi gzmizi nde tze her
dredi. A new city is being created
before our eyes. Kiijik odun pden uly
angyn dredi. From a small stick a big
fire is created. Mende bir pikir dredi. A
new idea came to me.
arithmetic hasap 4 [hasa:p] n arithmetic,
mathematics comp. hasap-hesip
arm gol2 1 n arm, hand goluy galdyrmak
to raise one's hand comp. gol apmak

13

rege dmek
armchair krsi n armchair krside
oturmak to sit in an armchair
armed aragly adj armed aragly gler
armed forces aragly gozgala armed
revolt/rising diine enli aragly armed
to the teeth
Armenia Ermenistan [Ermenista:n] n
Armenia (sem. domains: 9.7.2.1 Names of countries.)
Armenian ermeni 1 n Armenian Men
ermeni I am an Armenian.; ermeni 2 adj
Armenian ermeni dili Armenian, the
Armenian language (sem. domains:
4.1.2 - Types of people.)
armistice barlyyk 1 n armistice, truce,
cease-fire
armless golak adj armless, without arm
armoury gorhana [go:rha:na] n armoury,
arsenal, ammunition dump
armpit goltuk n armpit
arms gujak 2 n arms
army goun n army; ygyn 2 n army,
forces, troops agyr ygyn great army
{fig}
aroma hobo [hobo:] n aroma,
fragrance, pleasant smell hobo ys
fragrant smell
aromatic ysly 1 [y:sly] adj aromatic,
fragrant, pleasantly smelling ysly alma
nice-smelling apple ysly ot aromatic
herb ysly maddalar aromatic substances
iti ysly zatlar meni baymy alaar.
Things with strong aroma makes me
dizzy.
arrange gabatlamak 2 v To arrange tze
yla gabatlamak to arrange for the New
Year; gurmak 2 v to arrange, make ,
organise, build tze durmu gurmak to
build a new life; salmak 3 cf:
salynmak2. v to arrange, find ie salmak
to find someone a job comp. abradan
ayrmak comp. aldawa salmak comp.
bilmezlige salmak comp. di salmak
comp. duzaga salmak comp. sala salmak
comp. tertibe salmak comp. yzyna it
salmak comp. ola salmak ;
wadalamak [wa:dalamak] v to
arrange, to make arrangements, to
agree, to settle Biz duuyk eri barada
wadaladyk. We agreed on a meeting-

place. Biz duumagy wadaladyk. We

arranged a meeting.
arrange tuition okatdyrmak 1 cf:
okatmak, okamak. v to arrange tuition
for, get someone to teach Men oglumy
okatdyraryn. I have got someone to
teach my son.
arrive atmak 4 v to arrive Ol ki ere
atdy. He plunked the things onto the
ground. {dawn}; barmak1 2 v to arrive
at, reach, attain, approach Sapaga gi
barmak gowy dl. It's bad to turn up late
for a lesson. comp. Bar, iie git! say.
agyrylmadyk erie barma, agyrlan
eriden galma ; dmek2 10 cf:
dnmek. v to arrive (of seasons) Gy
ddi. Winter arrived. Tomus dse
agalara mekdepden jogap berilr. When
summer comes, children are allowed to
stay at home. az ddi, tebigat oanyp
balady. Spring came and nature began
to wake up. comp. abradan dmek
comp. aa dmek comp. aagy dmek
comp. ara dmek comp. bay dmek
comp. ke dmek comp. ele dmek
comp. gorka dmek comp. haldan
dmek comp. howsala dmek comp.
jayna dmek comp. kne dmek
comp. kjesine dmek comp. ruhdan
dmek comp. salkyn dmek comp.
surata dmek comp. tapdan dmek
comp. stnden dmek1 comp. yka
dmek comp. ada dmek comp. ola
dmek comp. rege dmek ; etmek
3 v to arrive Tomus etdi. Summer has
arrived.
arrogance ulumsylyk n arrogance
Kakasyny puluna busanyp, ulumsylyk
edip, Mekan hi haan hakyky dostlugy
nmedigini bilmedi. His pride at his
father's wealth and arrogance caused
Mekan to never know what the real
friendship was.
arrogant ulumsy adj arrogant, conceited,
proud Jeren z ulumsy hsieti bilen bar
joralaryny itirdi. Jeren has lost all her
friends because of her arrogance.
Ulumsy adamlar bilen gepleede zi hi
kim aly duarsy. When talking with
those who are arrogant you feel yourself
to be a nobody.

suraty
art eperilik 1 n art eperilik
akademiasy; sungat n art
article madda1 n article, clause, item
konstitusiany birinji maddasy the first
clause of the constitution; makala
[maka:la] n article, entry gazet makalasy
newspaper article makala azmak to
write an article
articulation bogun agyrysy 1 (comp. of
bogun) rheumatism u gnki ene dilinde
geen temamyz apyk bogunlary boldy.
artificial emeli [emeli:] adj artificial,
man-made emeli sm artificial silk
eri emeli hemralary artificial satellites
of the Earth emeli suwary artificial
irrigation; asama adj artificial,
synthetic, man-made asama bezegler
artificial decorations
artisan seneti n artisan, craftsman,
handicraftsman
artist hudonik cf: suraty, suratke. n
artist, painter
artistic eper 2 adj artistic eper
hwesjeler topary eper olbay eper
film film, feature film eper sungat eper
obraz eper edebiat
artistry eperlik 2 n artistry, literary
merit Ol film eperlik bilen alnypdyr. The
film was shot with artistry.
Aryans arylar n Aryans
as hkmnde post as (in the capacity of,
or function of) aat hkmnde as a
witness mugallym hkmnde as a
teacher; misli conjunction as, as if, as
though misli gl kimin as a flower; aly
3 [a:ly] post (as)...as goun aly uwa
quiet/meek as a lamb
as far as possible mmkingadar
[mmki:ngadar] adj as far as possible
etien hasyly mmkingadar alt
ygnamak pedaly. It is useful to gather
ripen harvest as far as possible.
as if aly 2 [a:ly] post as if
as it was ki-klik adj as it was
previously, as it used to be hemme zat
ki-klik everything is just as it used
to be zatlary ki-kligine go leave it
as it was

14
as soon as weli1 4 conjunction as soon as
Biz bardyk weli, olar gitdiler. As soon as
we came they left.
as that moment ol demde (comp. of
dem, ol) at that moment
as valuable as barabar 2 [bara:bar] adj
as valuable as, compares to Dokan haly
altyna barabar. A hand-made carpet is
like gold.
ascertain anyklamak v to make clear,
find out, elucidate, ascertain
ash kl n ash ilimi kli cigarette ash
comp. kl etmek
Ashgabat Agabat n Ashgabat (sem.
domains: 9.7.2.1 - Names of countries.)
ash-pit krk [k:rk] n ash-pit (of stove,
furnace) tamdyry krgi ash-pit of a
clay oven (used for baking bread)
belany krgi
Asia Azia ['A:zia] n Asia (sem. domains:
4.6.7.1 - Country.)
Asian azialy [a:zialy] n an Asian
(person)
ask zelenmek v to ask; to beg, entreat
zelenip soramak to entreat; soramak
[so:ramak] v to ask
ask someone to write azdyrmak2 v to
ask someone to write hat azdyrmak to
ask somebody to write a letter
asphalt asfalt [as'falt] n tarmac, asphalt
asfalt demek to tarmac, lay asphalt
ass har2 n ass, donkey
assemblage mhelle n assemblage, mob
uly mhelle crowd; mreke n
assemblage, mob agyr mreke
assemblage, mob to mrekesi wedding
assemblage
assemble mek2 v to gather, to
assemble dayna mek to surround, to
cluster (round); asamak 1 v to put
together, assemble Ol mayny
detallaryny stanokda asady. He put the
parts of the car together on the
workbench. comp. elk asamak
assembly ygyn 1 n assembly, mob,
crowd Dkanda adamlar ygyn bolup dur
ekenler. There was a crowd of people in
the shop.

15

sporty
assessment derew 1 n assessment,
check, inspection, examination, checkup, verification
assessor oturda n assessor halk oturday
People's assessor
assimilate zledirmek 1 [:zledirmek]
v to master, assimilate, learn ol
hereketini dzgnlerini zledirmek to
master the highway code geilen
materiallary zledirmek to assimilate
material learned
associate baglanydyrmak
[ba:glanydyrmak] v to associate,
connect
astrakhan garakl [garak:l] n astrakhan
fur garakl bagana astrakhan skin/fell;
garakli [garak:li] adj astrakhan
garakli goun astrakhan sheep
Astrakhan bagana n Astrakhan, fur
auly adamlar bagana telpek gerler.
Old men wear Astrakhan hats. Gyda
opanlary bagana possun, sowukdan
goraar. During winter Astrakhan coats
save shepherds from the cold. [curly
lamb's fur]
at da2 3 post at, around, near; st 2 post
at i stnde at work Biz i stnde we
are at work Sen meni stmden gel, so
bile gideli. You come to my place then
we will go together. *stnde comp.
aak stnde comp. aak stne galmak
comp. ba stne comp. sti aylmak1
comp. sti aylmak2 comp. sti bilen
comp. stnden arz etmek comp.
stnden dmek1 comp. stnden
dmek2 comp. stnden sowuk suw
gulan aly bolmak1 comp. stnden
sowuk suw gulan aly bolmak2 comp.
stne comp. stne almak comp.
stne imek comp. stni amak
comp. stni basyrmak comp. stni
apmak comp. stni etirmek
at all asla [asla:] adv at all Men asla bele
sz dimedim. I didn't say that word at
all.; te 2 n at all
at centre ortasynda (comp. of orta) in
the middle (of), in the centre (of)
Patagtymyzy ortasynda Agabat
monumentini gurdular. Ashgabat
monument was built in the centre of our
capital.

at first owal-badan adj at first, at the

beginning Owal-badan men ony
igrenrin. At the beginning I hate him.
at full speed aldygyna adv quickly, at full
speed aldygyna gitmek to go at full speed
at least pesinden adv at least pesinden on
adam at least ten people
at once badyna 1 [ba:dyna] cf: batmak.
prep at once, as soon as Mamam tansy
badyna onap aak agyrsy adyna
dmedi. As soon as she started dancing,
my maternal grandma forgot her aching
leg. Deizi gyrasynda uly emaly
badyna durup bolar aly dldi. At the
sea-shore as soon as the strong wind got
up it wasn't possible to stand.
at that time ol wagtda ( wagt, wagt,
wagt) conn at that time
at_this
atheist ateist n atheist; dinsiz 2 [di:nsiz]
n a person without faith, agnostic;
atheist
athlete trgen 2 cf: sporty. n athlete
atmosphere agda 6 n atmosphere,
environment Duuyk dostlukly agdada
gedi. The meeting has passed in a
friendly atmosphere.
atom atom ['atom] n atom atom agramy
atomic weight atom tok stansiasy
nuclear power station
attack ozmak 1 v to attack, assault, raid
Duman iki tarapdan ozardy. The
enemy was attacking from both sides.;
daramak1 [da:ramak] v to attack,
assault Gounlara gurt darapdyr. Ol bize
rn ozuw darady. He verbally
assaulted us.; emek 3 v to attack
garydalary stne emek to attack
your opponents; hjm n attack,
offensive, assault, raid hjme gemek to
go on the offensive hjm etmek to
attack, to assault, to raid; topulmak 2 v
to attack someone Kabyl Habyly
stnde topuldy Cain attacked Abel; zabt
n attack Gkdepe galasy 1881-nji ylda
zabt edildi. Geokdepe fortress was
attacked in 1881.
attempt kast 2 n attempt (on someone's
life) birini janyna kast etmek to make an
attempt upon someone's life; milt n
attempt, endeavour milt etmek to

ns bermek
attempt, make an attempt, try;
synanmak [sy:nanmak] v to try,
attempt; synanyyk n attempt
attend gatnamak 3 v to attend salawa
gatnamak to attend to the election
Ygnaga obany hly aajylary
gatnady. All inhabitants attended to the
meeting. arya gatnamak to take part
in a competition.
attendance gelim-gidim n attendance,
coming and going gelim-gidimi bolmadyk
a house to where nobody comes
gelim-gidim etmek to keep with someone
attention pitiwa [pitiwa:] n attention
pitiwa etmezlik not to pay attention (to);
ns n attention, care Hormatly
Prezidentimiz ylym-bilim ulgamyny ns
merkezinde saklaar. Our respected
president keeps the education system in
the centre of his attention. comp. ns
bermek comp. ns bilen comp. ns
merkezinde bolmak comp. nsni
ekmek
attentive k 1 adj attentive
attentively dykgatly adv attentively,
intently dykgatly seretmek to watch
something closely; igin [igi:n] adv
attentively, carefully, deeply, greatly
igin gyzyklanmak to be very much
interested (in)
attentiveness k 2 n attentiveness
Onda hi k ok. he doesn't have any
attentiveness gi bolsa, me dn if
you have any attentiveness, then
understand the sign
attractive gelikli 1 adj good-looking,
attractive; beautiful, pretty, (e.g.
woman); handsome (e.g. man) geligine
gelmek to become beautiful gelikli
geinmek to wear attractive
attribute ayrgy n attribute {grammar}
aubergine badamjan [ba:damja:n] n
aubergine, egg-plant
auction auksion [auk'sion] n auction
audio audio n audio
August awgust ['awgust] n August
aunt daza n aunt (maternal); eje 2 n
aunt (used like a title) Gzel eje aunt
Gozel Bibi eje mother Bibi ejem ogly the
son of my mother

16
aura
Australia Awstralia n Australia (sem.
domains: 9.7.2.1 - Names of countries.)
Austria Awstria n Austria (sem.
domains: 9.7.2.1 - Names of countries.)
author awtor ['awtor] cf: azyjy. n
author Bu romany awtory Berdi
Kerbabaew. The author of this novel is
Berdy Kerbabajev.
authorised ygtyarly [ygtya:rly] adj
authorised doly ygtyarly wekil a fullyauthorised representitive
Trkmenistany doly ygtyarly wekili
daary urda sapara gitdi. Trkmenistan's
fully-authorised representitive went to a
foreign country on an officially visit.
authoritative abraly 2 [a:braly] adj
authoritative Abraly alymy szi
ynandyryjy bolar. An authoritative
scientist's words are trustworthy.
authority erk-ygtyar (comp. of)
authority Masany gayn nde zat
almaga a-da bermge erk-ygtyary ok.
maysa did not have authority something
to get or give in her parents-in-law.;
garamak1 n authority, disposal
garamagynda bolmak to be at one's
disposal, be under the authority (of)
garamagyna bermek to give someone
authority (over) Tutu magala bir onu
garamagynda. The whole family is only
at his disposal Meni garamagymda on
adam bar. There are ten people in my
authority hkmeti garamagyndaky
edara fabric is under the authority of
country garamagyna bermek to give for
somebody's disposal; hkimiet n
authority, power, rule; hkm 3 n rule,
charge, authority hkm srmek to rule;
have authority (over); ygtyar 1
[ygtya:r] n authority {having the right
to}; ygtyarlylyk 1 [ygtya:rlylyk] n
authority, sovereignty Ol ruhy lemine
ygtyarlylyk etjek bolup synanydy, emma
baarmady. He tried to have authority
over the spiritual world, but he couldn't.
automatic awtomatik adj automatic
awtomatik aragatnayk merkezi
automatic communications centre [i.e.
you don't have to ask someone to make
the call for you and pay up front for it]

17

birini aagyndan palta salmak

automation awtomayn [awtomay:n]
cf: awtoulag. n automation, automobile, motor-car
autonomous awtonom [awto'nom] adj
autonomous awtonom welaat
autonomous region
autonomy zygtyarlylyk
[:zygtya:rlylyk] cf: zbadaklyk. n
autonomy
autumn gz n autumn
available nagt 1 adj available, on hand
nagt pul
average ortaa adj average, on average;
roughly ortaa i haky average wage,
average earnings; neke 2
[:neke] adj average, ordinary,
modest neke adam modest person
neke bir waka common tale,
everyday occurrence
avoid dynmak 1 [dy:nmak] v to avoid,
deliver, save, get rid of, shake off,
dispose of, throw away beladan dynmak
to avoid trouble keselden dynmak to
shake off an illness anyp balan ody
wagtynda rip beladan dyndyk. We
avoided trouble by extinguishing the
fire. Mamam keselden dyndy indi agday
gowy. My grandmother has shaken off
her illness and feels better now.;
gamak 4 v to avoid aramaz
grrlerden gamak to avoid gossip
comp. gahary gamak comp. gany
gamak comp. kepi gamak comp.
uky gamak comp. ysgyndan gamak
awake oa adj awake, not asleep Ol oa.
He is not asleep.
award diplom 2 [di'plom] n award,
certificate sergide diplom alan harytlar
goods which won an award at the
exibition. Sergide diplom alan suratlar we

ekiller grkezildi. At the exibition the

paintings and shapes were shown which
won an award.
Sportsmene dna empiony diplomyny
gowurdylar. The sportsman was given
an award as world champion.
away gata 1 cf: gatam. adj back, away
awkward bija1 3 [bi:ja:] adj awkward,
difficult Maynymy bija erde godum,
beleki maynlara gemge psgel berip
dur. I parked my car in an awkward
place - it's in the way of other cars. Sen
meni bija agdada godu, enematamy anynda alany etdi. You've
put me in a difficult position by making
me look a liar to my parents.
axe palta n axe palta sapy axe-handle palta
bilen apmak to chop with an axe comp.
birini aagyndan palta salmak
axis ok 1 n axis eri oky the equatorial
axis; axis of the Equator, terrestrial axis
er z okuny dayndan alanar. The
Earth rotates on its axis.
axle ok 2 n axle, spindle Okly haraz bilen
bilelikde hem ilp bilr. It can work
together with an axled mill.
ayran aran n ayran - a drink made from
soured milk [Often yoghurt mixed with
salt and water and drunk as a drink
with kebabs or whatever.]
azan azan [aza:n] n call to prayer {Islam}
Azerbaijan Azerbajan [A:zerbaja:n] n
Azerbaijan Azerbajan dili Azerbaijani,
Azeri (sem. domains: 9.7.2.1 - Names of
countries.)
Azerbaijani Azerbajanly
[a:zerbaja:nly] n Azerbaijani, Azeri
(sem. domains: 3.5.3 - Language.)

Bb

B.C.E. b.e. ( eam) B.C.E. - Before

the common era; B.C. - Before Christ Bu
wakalar bizi eamymyzdan III

asyrda bolup gedi. These events

occurred in the 3rd century BC.

durmu
Baba baba 4 [ba:ba] n Baba Takentde
Lenin babamyz zbege, Agabatda
trkmene, Alma-Atada gazaga mezrdi.
In Tashkent our grandfather Lenin was
similar to an Uzbek, in Ashgabat to the
Turkmen, in Almaty as a Kazak Lenin.
[honorific title, esp. for saints]
baby bbek n baby, small baby
Trkmenlerde bbek kyrk ileden ykmaka
azan okaarlar. Before a baby goes out
after his forty days they name the baby.
[Turkmen don't show the baby to others
for forty days. The baby is kept at
home. Before the baby goes out
someone names the baby by saying
'your name is ....' 3 times.]
baby camel oguk n baby camel, young
of a camel Bizi goymyzda her drli
deler bar, olary arasynda kiijik oguk
bar. Our neighbour has different kind of
camels, among them has baby camel.
bachelor lenmedik cf: durmu,
durmua ykan, durmu gurmak,
lendirmek, lenen, lenmek. adj
bachelor, single man; sallah n bachelor,
unmarried man, single kne sallah old
bachelor sallah durmuy bachelor life,
life as a single
back arka 1 post back, behind arkam
agyrar back pain arkada gtermek to
carry (a child or things) on one's back
comp. arkasyndan grrini etmek ; art
[a:rt] adj back, rear art aak hind leg;
bil 2 [bi:l] n back Tayp ykylamda
bilimi agyrtdym. When I slipped and fell
over I hurt my back. bili agyrmak for
one to have (lower) back pain comp. bil
baglamak comp. bil bkmek comp. bil
azmak comp. bili gelmek/aylmak say.
Dil bilen orak orsa, bil agyrmaz ; egin
2 n back Onu egninde gyrmyzy knegi
bar. He wore a scarlet shirt on his back.
comp. bir egne comp. egin bermek
comp. egin egne kakmak comp. eginegne bermek comp. egine atmak comp.
egni bilen ekmek comp. egniden
gum sowur comp. egnii gysmak/
ygyrmak ; gata 1 cf: gatam. adj
back, away; gatam 1 [gata:m] cf:
gata. conjunction back, away {colloq};
yzky [y:zky] adj back, rear yzky tigir
rear wheel yzky aaklar hind legs yzky
tarap back part/side, rear part/side yzky

18
hatar back row; agyrny n back,
shoulder Dnki sowukdan bri agyrnym
agyrar. I have pain in my back after
yesterday' cold weather.; zut [zu:t]
looking back zut gitmek to go without
looking back zut gamak to run without
turning one's head
back of the head ese 1 adj back of the
head Onu esesinde hal bar. He has a
birthmark on the back of his head.
{anatomy}
back(wards) ese 2 adj rear; back
eselein rp walking backwards
background asyl1 1 n ethnic origin,
background Seni asly kim? What is
your ethnic origin?
backward galak [ga:lak] adj backwards,
underdeveloped galak urt backward
country
backwards ters adv the wrong way
round, upside down, back-to-front sen
sagady ters dakdy you've set your watch
upside down
bad erbet 1 adj bad, poorly erbet yssy
howa bad hot weather Ol ilis dilini erbet
bilr. He knows English poorly. zi
erbet dumak to feel bad; pis 1 [pi:s] adj
bad, wicked, nasty, ill-natured, illtempered; base, mean pis adam bad/
wicked man regi aman,pli
azan,nieti erbet,zem deus adama pis
adam diilar. a wagtymyz jigim bilen
dawalasak sen aman pis diip, menden
kede bolardy.; zyanly 2 [zya:nly]
adj bad
bad language agzy hapa (comp. of agyz)
uses bad language
bad to worse r n bad_to_worse r
almak to become stronger, intensify,
gain strength, grow louder el barha r
alardy the wind was becoming stronger
and stronger r bolmak to be on bad
terms (with), not to get on olar biri-biri
bilen r they don't get on
badly bija1 6 [bi:ja:] adv badly poorly,
improperly Mayny bija srp, awaria
ddi. He drove badly and had an
accident.
badness pislik [pi:slik] n badness,
wickedness; baseness, meanness ondan

19

rn itler dilemeler.
her hili pislik ykar one can expect all
kinds of dirty tricks from him
bag kise 2 [ki:se] n bag {colloq}; paket
[pa'ket] n bag {paper or plastic};
sumka ['sumka] n bag, carrier bag,
plastic bag; torba 2 [to:rba] n bag, sack
[for putting reins, horse-blanket, etc.
into]
Bagtiyar bagtyar 2 [bagtya:r] adj
Bagtiyar [boy's name]
Bahar bahar 2 cf: azdyrmak1, azmak3.
adj Bahar Baharda godylan gyzlary
adyna Bahar diip dakylar. Girls born in
the Spring are often named Bahar.
[girl's name]
bake apmak 3 cf: apymak. v to bake
rek apmak to bake bread comp. gol
apmak comp. Tamdyra gyzanda ap.
balance balans [ba'lans] cf: de
agramlylyk. n balance Her yly
ahyryna balans hasabatyny tabyrmaly.
Each year the accounts have to be
reported on. {finances}; de
agramlylyk cf: balans. (comp. of de)
n balance, equilibrium; terezi n balance,
weighing scales
bald kel 2 adj bald, hairless kel-kelleli
bald-headed Daary urtlarda kellige
gary derman tapypdyrlar. Apparently in
foreign countries a cure for baldness has
been discovered.; takyr 1 adj bald,
hairless
baldness kellik n baldness Kellige gary
derman olap tapypdyrlar. They have
invented a medecine to cure baldness.
ball bal2 4 [ba:l] n ball (dance) Tze yl
baly New Year's ball; gol1 n ball; pkgi
n ball pkgi onamak to play a ball pkgi
zynmak to throw a ball; top 1 n ball
balloon ar [a:r] n balloon ar ekilli er
ary bilard ary billiard ball
banana banan [ba'nan] n banana
Mamynlary halaan zady banan.
Monkeys like bananas.
bandage sarag 1 cf: sargy. n bandage,
fillet, band; saramak 2 v to bandage,
dress; heal arany saramak to dress the
wound
bandaged daylmak 2 v to be bandaged
bandit talay robber, bandit, raider

bang park2 n bang park etmek to bang;

patlatmak v to bang, hit, strike, knock,
give a knock stoly umrugy bilen
patladyp urmak to bang one's fist on the
table, pound the table; arkyldatmak v
to bang, slam
bank bank n bank Bankda puly saklamak
ynamdar bolar. Putting money in the
bank is a trustworthy thing to do.
{finance}; bo 2 n bank, shore aby
boynda tal agalar sar. Trkmen bay
herine dyn almaga gidemde derani
boyndaky jada aadyk. comp. mr
boy comp. yl boy ; boun 2 cf: ba,
egmek. n bank, shore derany bouny
the riverbank comp. bonuna atmak
comp. bonuna gomak comp. bonuna
mnmek comp. bonuny sogurmak
comp. bonuny towlamak comp. boun
almak comp. boun bolmak comp.
boun egmek comp. boun gayrmak ;
ray [ra:y] n bank of an irrigation
channel kanaly rayy canal bank
barber delleki n barber, hair-dresser,
beautician
barbers dellekhana [dellekha:na] n
barbers, hair-dressers
barbershop
bard bagy n folk-singer, bard Meni
gyzymy bagy bolasy gelr. My
daughter wants to be a folk-singer.
Trkmenistanda zehinli bagylar bar.
Turkmenistan has talented folk-singers.
bare alaa 1 adj bare, naked, nude,
undressed aak alaa barefoot arym
alaa half-dressed; alazy adj bare,
treeless, barren alazy shra naked
steppe
barely ala 1 adv barely, scarcely Onu
ala jany bar. He is barely alive.; ay 3
cf: ayja. adv barely, hardly, just, only
just Oglum Serdary ol wagt ay 18
ay bardy. At that time my son Serdar
was barely 18 years old.
bark gabyk 2 [ga:byk] n bark agajy
gabygy bark; hawlamak v to bark (of
dogs); rmek 1 v to bark Itler rr.
Dogs bark. rn itler dilemerler.
barking dogs do not bite {dogs} say. It
rer, kerwen geer comp. rn itler
dilemeler.

gzenegi ayrsyna salmak

barley arpa n barley
barn ammar 1 n barn Galla we kartoka
ary-ary ammarda saklanar. Grain and
potatoes are stored in different barns.;
sara 2 n barn; atak2 n barn, shed,
stable mal atagy shed for livestock
sygyr atagy cowshed at atagy stable
goun atagy sheepfold, sheep pen it
atagy kennel
barrel barrel legi (comp. of leg)
barrel (of oil); elek n barrel, cask;
bucket; nil [ni:l] n barrel tpei nili
rifle barrel
barren miwesiz [mi:wesiz] adj barren,
sterile; infertile miwesiz agalar barren
trees, trees bearing no fruit; nelgesiz
[:nelgesiz] adj barren, infertile
bars gzenek n bars, grating, lattice demir
gzenek iron bars comp. gzenegi
ayrsyna salmak
barter aly-aly n barter, exchange alyaly etmek exchange; alymak 1 v to
barter Biz trkler bilen haryt alyarys.
We barter goods with some Turks.
base baza 1 [ba:za] n base, area pagta
baza cotton collection area; dp 1 cf:
fundament, esas. n base, bottom,
deepest part dezi dbi the bottom of
the sea Deizi dbi hem ajayp.
The bottom of the sea is a long way
down and wonderful. Kne guyny
dbi gurapdyr. The bottom of the old
well was dried out. elegi dbi the
bottom of the bucket gazany dbi the
bottom of the pot Serho dbni
grmn turmady. The drunk did not stop
drinking until he finished the bottle.
dpde oturmak to sit on the bottom
meselni dbne etmek get to the
bottom of problem Gadyrly myhmany
eri otagy dbnde. The place for a
polite guest is at the back of the room.
comp. dbne etmek comp. dbni
tutmak comp. dp tutmak ; esas 1
[esa:s] cf: fundament, dp. n base,
frame(work), foundation comp. esasyny
gomak ; esaslanmak [esa:slanmak] v
to base one's arguments/theories, take
up one's stand
basement podwal cf: erzemin. n
basement, vault, cellar podwalda
saklamak to store something in the

20
cellar; erzemin cf: podwal. basement,
vault, cellar Jay erzemininde uly
dkan bar. There is a big shop in the
basement of that building.
baseness peslik 3 n baseness, meanness
peslik etmek to act meanly, act in a mean
way {fig}
basil rehan [reha:n] n basil
basin legen n basin, wash-tub men legene
suw gudum. I poured water into a
basin.
basis esas 2 [esa:s] cf: fundament, dp.
n basis, reason, grounds Nme esasda?
On what grounds? hi hili esassyz
without any grounds Saglyk aay
esasydyr. Health is the main of life.
Matematika takyk bilimleri esasy.
Maths is the basis of concrete
knowledge. Ony tussag etmge esas bar.
There is reason for to arrest him. comp.
esasyny gomak
basket sebet n wicker basket
bath wanna 1 ['wanna] n bath uwunmak
to take shower, to bath Gn wannasy
Sun bath
bathe dmek1 to have a bath, bathe
hammama dmek to have a steam bath
dua dmek to have a shower agalar
howuzda suwa drler. Children swim
in the pool.
bathhouse hammam [hamma:m] n
bathhouse, baths, public baths
bath-house attendant hammamy
[hamma:my] n bath-house attendant
bathroom wanna 2 ['wanna] n bathroom
Ol wannada yranyp dur. He is shaking in
the bathroom.
battery batarea n battery Sagady
batareasy kenligi sebpli, ie gij
galdym. I was late for work because the
clock's battery had gone flat. Babam
uruda artilleria batareasynda swedi.
My (maternal) grandfather fought in the
artillery battery.
battle je n battle, fight, war je medany
battlefield Dumanlar bizi stmize
ozup, uly je gurupdyrlar. The enemy
attacked us resulting in a big battle.;
swe n battle, fight
battlefield swe medany (comp. of
medan) n battlefield

21

gn apylmak
Batyr batyr 2 [ba:tyr] adj Batyr
Trkmenlerde ogyl bolanda, kplen Batyr
diip at dakarlar. When a boy is born
Turkmen people often give them the
name Batyr.
bay alag [a:lag] n bay, cove, creek; gulf
be bolmak 1 v to be bolmazlyk absence
ok bolmazlyk iki bolup together, two-ofus/you/them Ol Angliada boldy. S/he
was in England (for a while). comp.
Boldy! comp. Boljak! comp. bolmajysy
bolmak comp. Bolar! comp. Indi boldy!
be a copy agyn 2 adj to resemble exactly
Oglan agyn atasy bolaypdyr. The son is
exactly like his father.
be able baarmak modal v to be able, be
capable of Baarmajak iie balama.
Don't try to do what you are not capable
of.; bilmek 5 cf: bilgin. v to be able,
can Men zm edip bilrin. I can do that
myself. Dostumy adresini ahyr tapyp
bildim. In the end I was able to find out
my friend's address. Men trkmen haly
dokap bilrin. I can weave Turkmen
rugs. Men palawy oat hem sji biirip
bilrin. I can cook tasty pilau. azyp
bilmek to be able to write, be literate
comp. bilip gomak
be accepted kabul edilmek [kabu:l
edilmek] v to be accepted, received Men
demokratik partiany agzalygyna kabul
edildim. I was accepted into membership
of the Democratic Party.
be accused of kelmek v to be accused
(of), be blamed (for) ogurlyk kelmek
to be accused of theft
be added goulmak 1 v to be added
Sde suw goulypdyr. Water is added to
milk. Szlge ne sz gouldy? How
many words are added to the
dictionary?; ulamak 4 v to be added,
to turn into Mhri dredijilik joguny uly
poezia ulady. Mahri's creative frenzy
yielded a lot of poetry. Magtymguly
Pyragy durmuy we dredijilikleri
trkmen ilini taryhyna ulady. comp.
Tou toa ulasyn! (arzuw, tost)
be added up jemlenmek 3 v to be added
up, be totalled {mathematics}
be agreed ylalaylmak [yla:laylmak] v
to be agreed, to be arranged,

compromise a-ha biz ylalamaly

bolarys, a-da olar. Or we will have to
compromise, or they.
be amazed di gkden gelmek (comp. of
di) v be totally amazed Sen di gkden
gelen dlsi, bu zatlary bilmen bolsa?
Were you not totally surprised if you
did not know these things? Or have you
come from another planet?
be angry gany gamak 3 (comp. of
gamak, gan) to be angry
be appreciated halanmak [ha:lanmak] v
to be worthy of respect, deserve respect,
be respected, be appreciated, be liked,
be loved, be approved of
be approved makullanmak
[ma:ku:llanmak] v to be approved, be
confirmed, be sanctioned Daary urt
proekti makullandy. The project of
foreign was confirmed.; olanmak v to
be approved, be found/considered right,
be agreed, be accepted Onu pikiri
hemmeler tarapyndan olandy. His
decision was accepted by everyone.
be arrested aagyy sallap gitmek
(comp. of sallamak) to be taken to
prison, be arrested
be ashamed utanmak 3 v to be ashamed
Maral tansda ters eden hereketinden
utandy. Maral felt ashamed for her
wrong movement in dance. Bihepbni
utandyrjak bolup adan szlerie,
utanjagam bolanok. Whatever you say to
put silly man into ashame, he will never
be ashamed Baramy kakasy
arakhordygy sebpli, ol dostlaryndan
utanardy. Because of his father's
alcohol addictment, Bayram felt
ashamed among his friends
be at loss akyly amak (comp. of akyl)
to be at a loss about what to do
be aware bilip gomak (comp. of
bilmek) to be aware, keep in mind, to
remember, know Bilip go u gn
sapagyy etmese, ertir seil bagyna
gideok. Know this, if you don't do
today's lesson you won't be going to the
park.
be baked apylmak 3 v to be baked
Tamdyrda rek apylarka... When
bread is baked in a tamdyr... comp.
gn apylmak

aagyna ykylmak
be bankrupt tozmak 2 to be bankrupt
be baptised okunmak 1 v be baptised
be beaten gamy imek (comp. of
imek) to be beaten with a whip;
ykylmak 2 v to be beaten grede
ykylmak to be beaten in wrestling
comp. aagyna ykylmak comp. glp,
kese ykylmak
be blamed azgarylmak [a:zgarylmak]
v to be blamed, be condemned Ol ok
ere azgaryldy. He was blamed for
nonsense.
be bored irmek 2 [i:rmek] v to be bored
(with), be fed up (with) Men seni
grriden irdim. I am fed up with your
talk.
be born bolmak 2 v to be born Oa ogul
boldy. He/they had a son. comp. Boldy!
comp. Boljak! comp. bolmajysy bolmak
comp. Bolar! comp. Indi boldy! ;
dogulmak v to be born doglan gn
birthday Ol uru balananda doglupdyr.
He was born when the war started.
Durmuda z erii tapmak, z halkya
rekden hyzmat etmek bagtly bolup
dogulmakdyr. comp. perdede dogulmak ;
nmek 1 [:nmek] v to be born zden
nen aga one's own child
be breast-fed analmak 2 [a:nalmak] v
for a baby to be breast-fed agajyk
analyp emdirildi. The baby was breastfed.
be broken bozulmak 1 v to be broken
Gidip baran maynymyzy nmedir bir
zady bozulyp olda dwildi. The car has
broken down. Radiony antenasy gowy
ilemnso zol sesler zlm-saplym bolup
gelar.; zlmek 2 v to be broken, to be
stopped Olar bilen bizi aramyz zldi.
We have broken off relations with them.
comp. ara zlmek comp. gara
zlmek
be broken into arylmak 4 [a:rylmak] v
to be broken into Dkan arylypdyr. The
shop was broken into. comp. arylajak
bolmak
be brought up terbielenmek to be
brought up
be built salynmak1 1 v to be built bizi
herimizde tze jalar salynar the new
houses are being built in our town

22
be burned akylmak1 1 v to be burned
...otlar akylypdyr. ...fires were lit.
be burnt ot almak 1 (comp. of ot2) to be
burnt, destroyed by fire Gije bizi
goymyzy i ot aldy. At night our
neibour's house was burnt by fire.
be caught ilimek v to be caught;
tutulmak 1 v to be caught
be checked barlanmak [ba:rlanmak] v to
be checked, tested
be chosen bellenmek [bel:enmek] v to be
appointed, chosen To bellenen gni
boldy. The day appointed as the
wedding day arrived. Ol wezipe
bellenmek bilen zni tanatdy. After he
had been appointed to a high position
he changed (into a bad person).;
salanmak v to be chosen;
salanylmak v be chosen, picked out,
taken salanylan akyr selected wine
be cleaned saplanmak 1 [sa:planmak] v
to be cleaned, be cleansed, be sorted, be
purified
be closed apylmak 1 v to be closed, be
shut Dkanlar eam apyldy. The shops
have already been closed. comp. gn
apylmak
be closed down apylmak 4 v be closed
down, shut down herdki ownuk
dkanlar apyldy. The little shops in
town were closed down. comp. gn
apylmak
be cold domak 3 v to freeze, feel cold
Sowukdan aa ellerim dody. My hands
have frozen from the cold. Men
sowukdan aa dodum. I am frozen
from the cold. Mayny agy doupdyr.
The oil of car has frozen. Gya alyp
goan ary balymyz doupdyr. Honey
which we kept for winter has frozen.
ag domaz aly yly erde gomaly. The
oil should be put in warm place in order
not to be frozen. Ol bizi grenden doup
galdy. He froze when he saw us.
Gorkymdan aa doup galypdyryn. I
froze with fright.
be collected ygnalmak 1 v to be
collected, be gathered, be picked Men
sapaga degili maglumatlary ygnadym. I
collected a lot of information about
lesson.

23

id kesilmek
be concentrated jemlenmek 1 v to be
gathered, be concentrated, be collected,
be focused
be concerned tolgunmak 3 v to feel
concern for, be concerned about
be concluded jemlenmek 4 v to be
concluded
be conditional bitirmek 2 v to be
conditional (on)
be connected badamak [ba:damak]
confer: bagry badamak. v to be
connected comp. bagry badamak
be conquered basylmak v to be
conquered Stalingrad sweinde faist
goynlary ruslardan basyldylar. In the
battle of Stalingrad the fascist army was
conquered by the Russians.
be convinced ymak to be talked into, be
convinced Ol onu gepine ydy. He
became convinced by his words.
be cooked bimek 1 v to be cooked, be
prepared bien bi boiled egg comp.
agzy bimek
be corrupted zaalanmak 4
[za:alanmak] v to be corrupted, get
into a bad state Balygy yzynda
zaalanan adamlary grmek nhili
gynanly. How sad it is to see people
corrupted by money. Meni goym erbet
adamlary yzyna dp zaalandy. My
neighbour followed bad people and was
corrupted.
be counted hasaplanmak 1
[hasa:planmak] v to be counted, be
considered, be reckoned Ol oat igr
hasaplanar. He is considered a good
worker.; sanalmak [sa:nalmak] v to be
counted
be covered rtlmek v to be covered; to
be hidden buz bilen rtlmek to be
covered with ice; apylmak 2 v to be
covered, be roofed over Jay sti
apyldy. The house was covered with a
roof. comp. gn apylmak
be cracked arylmak 1 [a:rylmak] v to
be cracked comp. arylajak bolmak
be created dredilmek v to be created;
aradylmak 2 v to be created
Rowaatlara gr, perideler agtylykdan
aradylanmy. According to legends,

angels were created out of light.

{animate}
be crushed sokulmak v to be crushed
be cut bleklenmek 2 [b:leklenmek] v
to be cut into pieces or slices, to be
divided Da bleklendi. The stone broke
into pieces.; kesilmek 1 v to be cut, for
an incision to be made, be notched eli
kesilsin! let your hand be chopped off!
comp. id kesilmek
be defeated eilmek to be defeated
Uruda faistler eildi. Fascists were
defeated in the war.
be defined kesgitlenmek v to be defined,
be determined Lukmanlar bu hassany
keselini anyk kesgitlp bilenoklar. The
doctors cannot diagnose the patient
with any certainty.
be degraded kielmek 3 v to be degraded
wezipede kielmek to be degraded to a
lower rank
be destroyed umrulmak v to be
destroyed, be demolished, be broken
down ertitreme netijesinde btin jalar
umruldy. Because of earthquake all the
buildings has been destroyed.
be devastated bozulmak 2 v to go to
pieces, be devastated Joramy sn
oglany lenndigini eidip, joram erbet
bozyldy. Jigimi ekzamenlerden
ykylanlygyny eidip erbet bozuldym.
Mamam garrany bpi begenli habar
eitsede bozylar. ollar bozulypdyr.
Radio bozuldy. Gwnm bozuldy.
{emotions}
be different tapawutlanmak
[tapa:wutlanmak] v to be different from
one another Olar biri - birinden gaty
tapawutlanarlar. They are very different
from each other.
be difficult atalamak v to be difficult,
behave obtrusively
be dislocated ykmak 8 v to be
dislocated Onu eli ykdy. His arm was
dislocated. atdan ykmak to forget
barlap ykmak to check gary ykmak to
turn against (someone) ze ykmak to
arise okap ykmak to read through
oturyp ykmak sandan ykmak okarky
gata ykmak suwu zne ykmak Ol
durmua ykdy. She got married Onu eli

aradan ykan
iden ykdy. topardan ykmak stn
ykmak to come out on top comp.
aradan ykan bolup ykmak comp.
atdan ykmak
be dismissed ykarylmak 3 cf:
ykarmak2. v to be dismissed, be fired

be dispersed dyr-pytrak bolmak [dy:rpytrak] v to be dispersed, scattered,

broken up, sent away Mreke dyr-pytrak
boldy. The crowd was dispersed. dyrpytrak_bolmak etmek to drive away,
disperse, break up Elimden gaan kse
dyr-pytyrak boldy. The cup fell down
from my hand and broke. Oglum tzeje
onawajyny dyr-pytyrak edipdir. My son
broke his new toy Esgerler dmany dyrpytyrak etdiler. The soldiers scattered the
enemy. To sowlandan so myhmanlar
dyr-pytyrak boldular. After the wedding
party finished all the guests dispersed.
be done edilmek v to be done, be made
be downloaded klenmek 2 v to be
downloaded
be driven gabalmak 2 [ga:balmak] v to
be driven, be rounded up Sygyrlar agyla
gabaldy. The cows were driven into the
shed.; kowulmak 3 v to be driven
(through, into) sygyrlar medana
kowuldy the cows were driven into the
field
be driven out ykarylmak 4 cf:
ykarmak2. v to be driven out, sent
outside daara ykarylmadyk aga a
child who has not been sent outside
be economic tygytlanmak
[tygy:tlanmak] v to be economic
be enough etmek 1 v to be enough,
sufficient etenokdy. It was insufficient.
be excited tolgunmak 1 v to be excited,
worried
be exhausted usurgamak v to be so
exhausted you want to sleep aga aglapaglap, ahyry usurgady. Child cried and
cried and at last exhausted. u gn
gowaa daap usurgap nan aymy imn
atdym. Today I got so exhausted
carrying cotton I fell asleep without
eating my supper. u gn pagta daap
usurgap nan aymy imn atdym.
Today I got so exhausted carrying

24
cotton I fell asleep without eating my
supper.
be extended uzalmak 3 v to be extended
Bizi wizamyz enede alyk uzaldyldy.
Our visas were extended again for 3
months.
be extracted ykarylmak 6 cf:
ykarmak2. v to be extracted, be mined
Nebit guulardan ykarylardy. They
used to mine oil from oil wells.
be fed imitlenmek v to be fed, to be
nourished, to be eaten gowy imitlenmek
to eat well, to be well fed gli
imitlenmek to have high-caloric diet;
naharlanmak 1 v to be fed wagtlywagtynda naharlanmak to be fed on time
{animals}
be filled imek 2 [i:mek] v to be filled,
be pumped up, be inflated Pkgi idi.
The ball is inflated.
be finished saplanmak 2 [sa:planmak] v
to be finished, be over gy saplandy the
winter is over, the winter has come to
the end
be finshed apylmak 5 v to be closed, be
finished ygnak apyldy. The meeting
was closed. comp. gn apylmak
be fired boamak 4 v to be dismissed, be
let go, be fired, be sacked, be moved on
Ol iden boady. S/he was fired.;
kowulmak 2 v to be fired, to be sacked,
to be expelled
be fit for aramak 2 v to be fit (for),
serve, do (for) Maa bolsa edil alaly ag
aly araar. This work suits me just
like damson oil. Bu kagyz hi zada
aramaar. This paper will not do (at
all).
be fixed kesilmek 6 v to be fixed (about
the price) comp. id kesilmek
be followed ulanylmak 2 v to be
followed, pay attention to, use Birinji
gezek kke biirenide resept ulanmaly.
When cooking biscuits for the first time,
you should follow a recipe. {rules,
instructions, recipies, signs} comp.
ulanylan ; yzarlanmak 2 [y:zarlanmak]
v to be followed, be tracked, be traced
Olary her birini edi arkasy yzarlandy
we tapyldy. Each one of their seven

25

bir okda iki rdek urulmak

generations was traced and found.
{footprints, tracks, information}
be forgotten unudylmak v to be
forgotten Ikinji Jahan ury hi wagt
unudylmaz. The Second World War will
never be forgotten.
be formed asalmak 2 v to be formed
{grammar}
be founded aradylmak 1 v to be
founded, be established, be set up
{inanimate}
be freed boamak 1 v to get untied, be
freed; to get away; be free; break free u
gn iimi knligi sebpli, iden gi
boadym. Today I had so much work I
got away from work late. Eli bo bolsa
maa kmek et. If you're free please help
me. Itimiz boap goymyzy erbet
gorkuzypdyr. Our dog broke free and
really scared our neighbour. It boapdyr.
The dog apparently broke free. eli boa
free your hands Bedreler boan bolsa
suwdan doldurmaly. Aal doganym
durmua ykyp gidende ii boap
galan aly boldy.
be friends with anamak 2 [a:namak]
v to be friends with Ol anajak
adamsyny bilip anaar. He knows how
to make friends with people.
be frightened of rkmek cf: rkzmek.
v to be frightened of, to take fright (at)
adamdan rkmek to be frightened of
people At bir garadan rkdi. The horse
was frightened of something. {animals}
be fulfilled amala amak (comp. of
amal) to be fulfilled, to be
accomplished, to be carried out; hasyl
bolmak (comp. of hasyl) v to be
fulfilled, to come true, come to fruition,
Onu agalykdaky arzuwy hasyl boldy.
His childhood dream has come true.
be full arya il gonmak (comp. of
ary) to be full; domak 1 v to be
satisfied, be full, have enough to eat
Men dodum. I've had enough to eat.
be given berilmek 1 v to be given Bu ja
kitaphana berildi. This building was
given to be a libary. comp. Berildigi
bolsun! ; kesilmek 5 v to be given oa
yl kesildi he was sentenced to three
years in prison comp. id kesilmek ;
klenmek 3 v to be given Bu meseleler

hem oa klendi. Those problems were

also given to him [to solve].
{responsibility}
be given drink iirilmek v to be given
something to drink Oa suw iirildi. A
drink of water was given to him.
be given raise ulaltmak 3 v to be given a
pay rise, be given a raise Igr z isini
kde alyp barsa wezipesini ulaltarlar. If a
worker does his job skilfully, he is given
a raise. {at work} comp. szi ulaltmak
be gloomy garalmak2 4 v to be gloomy,
be overcast Asman garalar. The sky is
darkening. comp. garalyp durmak
be good for aramak 3 v to be good for
Oa die ganadlan twi araar. Only
boiled rice is good for his health.
be gossiped about agza dmek (comp.
of agyz) to be gossiped about Ol ili
agzyna ddi. She became the object of
gossip.
be happy ba asmana etmek (comp. of
ba) to be very happy
be harvested orulmak v to be cut, be
mowed, be reaped, be harvested ot
oruldy the grass was mowed bugda
oruldy the wheat was harvested
be healthy aramak 4 v to be healthy Ol
aranok. She's doesn't feel well.
{negative use}
be heard alanmak 1 v to be heard, to
ring (out), echo Tpe sesi alandy. The
shot rang out. Ses uzakdan alanardy.
Voices could be heard in the distance.
be held tutulmak 2 v to be held
be hit urulmak 1 v to be hit, be beaten
Gnsiz urulmak Berdi namysyna agyr
degdi. Being beaten for no reason made
Berdi very shameful. comp. bir okda iki
rdek urulmak
be horrified otly knek gemek 1
(comp. of knek, otly3) to be horrified
Tze terror akty adamlara otly knek
gedirdi. The recent act of terror
paralyzed people with fear.
be ill kesellemek v to be/become ill
Meni dostum agyr kesel atyr. My friend
is really ill.; ulamak 3 v to be
chronically ill, to be terminally ill
Mamam sjlik keseline ulayp, uzak

Tou toa ulasyn! (arzuw, tost)

wagtlap araman atdy. Since my
grandmother became ill with diabetes a
long time ago, she has stayed in bed.
Meni daym rak keseline ulayp, ne
operasia etmeli dl sebpli ogaldy. Men
artrit keseline uladym, lukmanam ol
keselden doly gutulma ok didi, ne
wagtlayn bejergi berdi. comp. Tou
toa ulasyn! (arzuw, tost)
be improved abadanlamak
[abada:nlamak] v to be improved
Obalar hem gn-gnden abadanlaar.
Villages are also improved day by day.;
okarlandyrylmak 2 cf:
okarlandyrmak. v to be improved Ii
hilini okarlandyrmaly. We have to
improve the quality of service.
be in agreement utgamak 3 v to be in
agreement Ejem ikimizi, otagymyzy
remont etmekde pikirimiz utgady. My
opinion matched with my mother's
about to renovate our room.
be in chaos agdar-dder bolmak
(comp. of agdar-dder) to be in chaos
Helkilikden so, otlyny ii agdardder boldy. After the accident, the
inside of the train was in chaos.
be in full swing jomak 2 [jo:mak] v to
be in full swing I joup balady. The
work is in full swing.
be in need ksenmek cf: ksemek. v be
in need puldan ksenmek to be in need
of money olda maynymyz dwlp biz
ksendik during our journey our car
broke down and we needed help
be in search selpemek v to be in search
of i gzlp ondan oa selpemek to run/
go from one place to another in search
of work
be in time etimek 1 v to be in time to,
manage to ygnaga etiip geljek bol. Try
to be in time for the meeting.
be in two minds ikirjilemek cf:
ikirjilenmek. v to waiver, to be in two
minds ikirjilemn atmak to tell
without hesitation
be increased okarlandyrylmak 1 cf:
okarlandyrmak. v to be increased
Telekeiligi girdejisi okarlandyryldy.
The profit of the business was increased.

26
be infected okmak 2 v to be infected
(with), get the infection from somebody
grip okmak to catch the influenza/'flu
comp. It gargyy gurda okmaz
be inspired ruhlanmak [ru:hlanmak] v to
be/feel inspired, be encouraged atlykly
habara ruhlanmak to be encouraged by
good news
be interrupted kesilmek 3 v to be
interrupted, be cut kesilen sz
interrupted speech comp. id
kesilmek ; olunmak 2 v to be
interrupted, be cut Aragatnayklar
olundy. The ties have been cut.
be ironed tklenmek v to be ironed, to
be pressed tklenen knek ironed dress
tklenmedik knek not ironed dress;
azylmak1 2 v to be ironed, be pressed
knegi ygyrtlaryny azmak to iron the
dress
be issued ykarylmak 7 cf: ykarmak2. v
to be issued, be pronounced
be joined utgamak 1 v to be joined Bizi
obamyz ulalyp her bilen utgady. Our
village grew larger and ended up
joining onto the town.
be justified aklanmak 2 [a:klanmak] v to
be justified, vindicated, be put right
(with) Jezasyny eken adam aklanar. To
vindicate someone who has been in
prison.; uwulmak 2 v to be justified
Onu gnsi hi haan uwulmaz. His sin
will never be justified.
be kept saklanmak 1 v to be kept gya
saklanmak to be kept for winter arassa
saklanmak to be kept in order;
redilmek 2 v to be kept Hasabat in
gndelik redildi. For counter a diary
was kept.
be kept back saklanmak 3 v to be kept
back, be hold saklanan pul money kept
aragatnayk saklanmak to hold relations/
ties
be killed gyrylmak v to be killed, be
exterminated herdki ehudylary bir
topary srgn edilr, beleki bir blegi
bolsa gyrylar.. One group of the Jews in
the city was exiled and another was
exterminated. {people, animals} comp.
Gyrylmy! ; kesilmek 2 v be killed,
slaughtered onu gelmegini anyna

27

Berildigi bolsun!
goun kesildi on the occasion of his
coming the sheep was slaughtered
comp. id kesilmek
be kneaded ugrulmak v to be kneaded
Ol durmuy elinde gowuja ugruldy. He
has been kneaded very well in hands of
life.
be known bilinmek v to be known;
aramak 2 cf: aratmak. v to
become known Bu ygyr tiz wagtda btin
Russia araar. This poem will soon
become known throughout Russia.
be laid delmek 2 v to be laid da
delen ol gravelled road Obany
ollaryna asfalt delipdir. Village roads
were laid with gravel. ollara asfalt
delip,ol abatlay ileri geirildi.
Repairs were completed when the roads
were surfaced with asphalt. ollara da
delmese zi zaalanypdyr. As the
surface is damaged roads need to be
laid with gravel.
be lame agsamak 1 v be_lame Ol aagy
dwleli bri agsaar. He's had a limp
since he became lame. comp. i agsaar
be left goulmak 2 v to be left, be
deposited Sizi payyz gouldy. Your
share is left.
be lifted gterilmek v to rise (up), go up;
be exalted Samolot okary gterildi. The
plane rose into the sky. comp. gwn
gterilmek
be liquidated zlmek 3 v to liquidated,
to have been paid off Bergilerimiz zldi.
My debts have been paid off. comp.
ara zlmek comp. gara zlmek
be loaded klenmek 1 v to be loaded,
be laden with Men imitden klenip,
ola ddm. I went for journey loaded
up with a lot of food.
be lost itirilmek 1 v to be lost, be
missing itirilen zk hiem tapylmady.
The lost ring was never found.
be lucky aaga dmek (comp. of aak)
to be lucky; bagty da armak (comp.
of armak) to have luck with, be lucky;
pamak2 v to be lucky onuky pady he
was lucky meniki pamady I have no
luck
be made asalmak 1 v to be made, be put
together Adamy i gerekli agzalary (el,

aak, gz, gulak) jbt-jbtden

asalypdyr. Man's most necessary organs
(the arm, leg, eye, ear) were made in
pairs.
be made right dzelmek 1 v to be
worked out, sorted out, made right
Tertipsiz okuwy grlen relerden so
dzeldi. He used every means to sort out
the indisciplined pupils and make them
disciplined. Tze balanan iler indi biraz
dzeldi. New started works get right.???
be married off ykarylmak 8 cf:
ykarmak2. v to be married off
be mentioned agzalmak v to be
mentioned
be modest utanmak 2 v to be modest
Selbi ygra bolanlygy sebpli kelte esiz
knek gemge utanar. As Selbi is
modest, she is feels shy to wear short,
sleeveless dresses.
be nervous tolgunmak 2 v to be nervous
be obvious bildirmek 2 v to be obvious
Onu tolgunandygy bildirrdi. He was
obviously worried. Meni iden adaw
gelenligim zmden bildirdi. My face
showed that I had come home tired
from work.
be offended kemsidilmek v to be
offended, be hurt, humilated, belittled,
deprecated Bu gyzjagazy ejesi okdugy
in kemsidilr. This little girl is
humiliated because she does not have a
mother.; kelemek cf: kelemek,
keletmek. v to take offence (at), to
feel hurt (by) Ol dostundan keledi. He
took offence at his friend.
be opened aylmak 1 v to be opened
Ana aylypdyr. It seems that the
window has been opened.
be ordered tabyrylmak to be ordered
be overturned agdarylmak 3
[a:gdarylmak] v to be overturned
Milletiler hkimietden agdaryldy. The
nationalists have been overturned by
the government.
be paid berilmek 2 v to be paid Alyk
berildi. The salary was paid. comp.
Berildigi bolsun!
be passionate hyjuwlanmak v to be
passionate

badyna
be persecuted yzarlanmak 1
[y:zarlanmak] v to be pursued, be
persecuted Gaakylary yzy yzarlandy.
The fugitives were pursued.
be piled up ygnalmak 3 v to be piled
up, be heaped up Biz hli apraklary bir
ere ygnadyk. We heaped up all the
leaves to one place.
be placed goulmak 1 v to be placed, be
put, be erected, be installed adygrlik
gouldy. The monument was erected.;
erledirilmek v to be placed, be put
hli gaplar erli-erine erledirilende
meni agyry. Call me when all dishes
are put into their places.
be plunged into batmak 4 cf: badyna. v
to be plunged into, be absorbed in, be
immersed in Guwan tze mayn alyp
berg batdy. Guwanch bought a new car
and was immersed in debt.
be possible bolmak 5 v to be possible
comp. Boldy! comp. Boljak! comp.
bolmajysy bolmak comp. Bolar! comp.
Indi boldy!
be pounded ownamak 1 v to be/become
pounded, be/become crushed, be/
become crumbled
be praised wlmek v to be praised, be
extolled
be produced ndrilmek [:ndrilmek] v
to be produced, be manufactured Bu
erde drli nmler ndrilr. Different
kinds of products are produced here.
be provided pjnlenmek cf:
pjnlemek. v to be provided (with),
be supplied (with) gowy pjnlenmek to
be well provided for
be published ykarylmak 5 cf:
ykarmak2. v to be published, be
printed
be purified tmizlenmek v to be
cleansed, be purified
be put goulmak 3 v to be put nokat
goulmak for a full stop to be put (e.g. at
the end of a sentence); salynmak1 2 v
to be put (in) golar halta salyndy the
things were put in the bag
be put away erlemek 6 v to be put
away Ounjaklar erlemeli. The toys
need to be put away.

28
be put up erlemek 3 v to be put up
Myhmalar bizde erledi The guests were
put up at our place.
be quiet dymmak1 v to stop talking, grow
silent, not say a word, be quiet Ol nme
atjagyny bilmn dymdy. He stopped
talking, not knowing what to say. Dym!
Silence! Grini nmeden balajagyny
bilmn esli wagtlap dymyp oturdy. He was
silent for a long time not knowing
where to start. Dymyp durma-da bir
zatlar grlesene. Don't be quiet, say
something. dymyp oturmak to keep
silent
be read okalmak v to be read okalan
kitabym a book I've read
be recognised tanalmak v to be
recognised
be reconciled barlymak 1 v to be
reconciled Ol bay bo aal bilen
barlydy. He was reconciled with his
empty-headed wife.; ylalamak 2
[yla:lamak] cf: ylaladyrmak. v to be
reconciled (with), to make it up (with)
Olar ylalamasalar, prosses dowam etmez.
The process will not continue, until they
make it up.
be reduced kesilmek 7 v to be reduced,
be decreased (about the salary) comp.
id kesilmek
be remembered atlanmak [a:tlanmak]
v to be recollected, be remembered Ol
ene-de birne asyrlarda atlanar. He
will be remembered for several eras.
be rested against analmak 1
[a:nalmak] v to be leaned (agaist), be
rested (against) Agalar diwara analyp
golupdyr. Trees were leaned against the
wall.
be restored dikeldilmek v to be restored,
to be rebuilt, be resurrected
be sad kmek 4 cf: kdrmek. v to be
sad, to grieve (for), to suffer (from)
birini ygynda kmek to burn with
somebody's love
be said adylmak cf: atmak. v to be
said, be pronounced; diilmek 1 v to be
said, be spoken
be salianised orlamak to be salianised
be saved gutulmak 3 v to be saved,
escape Ol zordan gayp gutuldy. He had a

29

ykarmak2
narrow escape. howpdan gutulmak to be
saved from danger
be scattered dklmek 2 v to be strewn,
scattered; go to waste Seni gzay
dklmesin! Let not your tears go to
waste!
be scolded sgnmek [s:gnmek] v to
be scolded, get told off, be abused
(verbally)
be sealed elmemek to be stuck down,
sealed Marka bukja obada elmedi.
Stamp was sealed immediately to the
envelope.
be seen grlmek v to be seen, be noticed
comp. taarlyk grlmek ; selelemek
2 v can/could be seen, be seen uzakdan
toka selelp grnrdi the forest could
be seen in the distance
be separated ara dmek (comp. of
dmek2) to be separated, fall away
from Meli z aryndan ara ddi
Mengli was separated from her
husband.
be shed dklmek 3 v to be shed
be short eli gysgalyk (comp. of el) to be
short in financial terms Day eli u
wagt gysgalyk edr, ogsa egenine gowy
sowgat ederdi. Your uncle is in low
income, otherwise he would give good
present to his cousin.
be shy utanmak 1 v to be shy Mhri
klasdalaryny arasynda pianino almaga
utansa-da, olary haylaryny erine
etirdi. Even though Mahri was too shy
to play the piano, she played to her
classmates' request.
be silent agzyna suw alan aly (comp. of
agyz) to be silent when one should
speak
be situated erlemek 1 v to be located,
be situated Trkmen dwlet uniwersiteti
Agabat herinde erler. The
Turkmen State University is situated in
Ashgabat.
be slandered amanlanmak v to be
slandered, have one's name blackened
Ol ne amanlansa-da i sounda dogry
bolup ykdy. However, how many times
he was slandered, at the end he became
to be right.

be sold tmek 6 cf: tmek. v to be sold

comp. dnden tmek ; satylmak 1 v
to be sold, be on/for sale arzan satylmak
to be sold at a low price ja satylar the
house is for sale
be solved zlmek 2 v to be solved, be
decided Mesele ahyry zldi. The
problem was solved at last.
be split bleklenmek 1 [b:leklenmek] v
(note) to be split Bir partia bleklendi.
The one party split. {money}; arylmak
2 [a:rylmak] v to be split, be cut Prs
iki aryldy. The log was split in two.
comp. arylajak bolmak
be sprayed prklmek v to be sprayed,
be sprinkled, be spattered, be splashed
comp. gl prklen aly comp. gl
prklen aly etmek
be spread out azylmak1 1 v to be spread
out, be laid out Saak azylyp, hemme
zat taardy. The table was laid and
everythind was ready. {mattress, carpet,
tablecloth}
be started up redilmek 1 v to be
started up, be set in motion Motor
yredildi. The engine was started up.
be stolen ogurlanmak 1 v to be stolen
Mayn ogurlanypdyr! The car has been
stolen!
be strengthened pugtalanmak 1 cf:
pugtalandyrmak. v to be strengthened,
be/become consolidated, gain strength
be struck bir okda iki rdek urulmak
(comp. of urulmak) to kill two ducks
with one shot (~kill two birds with one
stone)
be summarised jemlenmek 2 v to be
summarised, be summed up
be tainted zaalanmak 2 [za:alanmak]
v to be tainted Parahorluk hli adamlary
zaalaar. Corruption taints all
generation. {ritual cleansing}
be taken away ygnalmak 2 v to be
taken away, be cleaned Iip-iip
bolnanso, saagy ygnamaly. After the
meal, you have to clean the table.
be taken off ykarylmak 2 cf:
ykarmak2. v to be taken off, be put off

ykarmak2
be taken out ykarylmak 1 cf:
ykarmak2. v to be taken out, brought
out nm ykarylmak to bring out
produce
be taught wredilmek v to be taught, be
trained; to be instigated, be incited Oa
bu ii nhili etmelidigi wredilipdir. He
was instigated how to do this work. or
He was trained how to do this work.
be there bar 2 [ba:r] modal v to be (there)
emat barmy? ok, ol dkana gitdi. Is
Shemshad there? No, she went to the
shop. Gzlen kitabym, kitaphanada bar
bolsa gerek. If the book I'm looking for is
there in the book shop, I need it. Bar
bol(u)! comp. bar bolmak comp. baryogy
be thirsty asyramak [a:syramak] v to
want to drink tea
be thown zyylmak 1 v to be thrown, be
flinged, be cast zyylan da cast stone
Zyylan da yza gatarylmaz. You can't
turn back the cast stone.
be thrown out zyylmak 2 v to be
thrown out/away, be rejected Ol
zyylan piige mezerdi. He looked like
a thrown-out cat.
be tied baglanmak [ba:glanmak] v to be
tied
be tired of irmek 1 [i:rmek] v to be tired
(of) garayp irmek to be tired of waiting
(for)
be too much akdan ykmak (comp. of
ak) to be too much akyny bilmezlik for
it to be too much
be torn zlmek 1 v to be torn off comp.
ara zlmek comp. gara zlmek
be torn to pieces paralanmak v to be
shredded, be torn to pieces
be trusted ynanylmak v to be trusted, be
believed Oa uly wezipe ynanyldy. A big
career was trusted to him.
be turned off rilmek 1 v to be turned
off, switched off Telewizor rilen. The
television is switched off.
be turned on akylmak1 2 v to be
switched on, be turned on e girsem,
telewizor akylypdyr, ne hi kim ok
eken. When I entered home, TV was
turned on, but there was nobody.

30
be underlined nygtalmak v to be
underlined, be emphasised, be marked,
be stressed Bilim syasatynda alara
dwrebap bilim bermek nygtalar. To give
modern knowledge to youth is
emphasized in education system.
be unite birlemek v to be united, be
joined, come together Bize birle gerek.
Birleen urtlar the United Nations
Birleen Patyalyk the United Kingdom
Amerikany Birleen tatlary the United
States of America [England, Scotland,
Wales, and N. Ireland]
be unlucky pelek urmak (comp. of
pelek) to be unlucky; to miscarry, fail,
be unsuccessful
be used ulanylmak 1 v to use, to be used
Ulanylmak in mekdep okuwylaryna
tze komputerler getirildi. New
computers were bought for the
schoolchildren to use. Mekdebe
ulanylmak in tze metodika girizildi. A
new methodology was introduced for
use in school. Maonezden boan
bankalary so ulanmak in goarlar.
Mayonnaise jars are kept for re-use.
Ulanmak in mekdep okuwylaryna tze
komputerler getirildi. New computers
were bought for the schoolchildren to
use. Mekdebe ulanmak in tze metodika
girizildi. A new method was inserted to
be used in school. {objects, methods}
comp. ulanylan ; remek 4 cf:
retmek. v to be in use, be used, be
valid Bu pul indi rnok. This currency
is no longer valid. comp. Assa rn
uzaga gider.
be used up erlemek 5 v to be used up,
be spent Norma bouna alnan
harytlar hemmesi erledi. All the
goods have been used up at the
expected rate.
be wanted gzlenmek v to be wanted
gzleniln adam wanted person;
islenmek v to be wanted islenn hasyl
wanted harvest islenn haryt wanted
goods
be washed uwulmak 1 v to wash, to be
washed Bu mata oat uwular. This
cloth washes well.
be wasted kmek 2 cf: kdrmek. v to
be wasted, to go to waste, to come to

31

grm
nothing zhmetim kdi my work went
to waste; itirilmek 2 v to be wasted,
be spent (for no purpose) itirilen wagty
yzyna gataryp bilmersi. You can't
revert back the wasted time.; itmek 4
v to be wasted Btin gnmiz biderek
itdi. Our whole day has been wasted.
say. garasy itmek comp. gzden itmek
be watered akylmak2 v to be watered
Mallar suwa akyldy. The animals were
watered. {animals}
be whitened aklanmak 1 [a:klanmak] v
to be white-washed, dyed white,
bleached Aklanan agaja guruk
dmer. A worm doesn't attack a
white-washed tree.
be worn out knelmek 1 [k:nelmek] v
to be/become worn out gelip knelmek
to become worn out; tozmak 1 to be
worn out
be woven dokalmak v to be woven, be
knitted
be written azylmak2 1 v to be written
Hat dn azyldy. The letter was written
yesterday.
be_annoyed
be_intended
be_nationalised
be_simplified sadalamak cf:
sadaladyrmak. v to be simplified
be_spent sowulmak 2 v to be spent
be-able -bil ( sp. var. -ibil) be-able
beach pla cf: deizi bounda. n
beach geli pla sandy beach plada
bolmak to be on a beach
bead hnji n bead, pearl; monjuk
[mo:njuk] n necklace, beads monjuk
dakynmak to wear beads
beak k 2 n beak, bill brgdi ki an
eagle's beak
beans noba [no:ba] n beans (inc.
kidney beans) noba tohumy bean, bean
seed noba ay bean curd
bear ay n bear; ydamak 2 n to bear,
tolerate, stand Men mua ne wagt
ydamaly? Saa pul ydamaar.;
dogurmak v to give birth, bear aga
dogurmak to give birth to a child {arch};
guzlamak 1 v to give birth, to kitten,

calve, lamb, bear Goun guzlapdyr. The

sheep lambed. {animals}
beard sakgal n beard sakgal almak to
shave one's beard sakgal gobermek to
grow a beard comp. sakgal etmek
beat kteklemek 1 v beat, hit, strike ol
eden alyy in zni ktekledi. he beat
himself because of his mistake; salmak
4 cf: salynmak2. v to beat, shake
umruk salmak to shake one's fist, beat
with a fist comp. abradan ayrmak
comp. aldawa salmak comp. bilmezlige
salmak comp. di salmak comp. duzaga
salmak comp. sala salmak comp. tertibe
salmak comp. yzyna it salmak comp.
ola salmak ; urmak 6 v to beat, to flog
ki dwrde gul adylan zatlary ters
etse, gamy bilen urardylar. In olden
times, if a slave did things incorrectly,
he was beaten with a whip. comp. agyz
urmak comp. azm urmak comp. hars
urmak comp. Huda ursun! comp. kk
urmak comp. zi oda urmak comp.
rek urmak comp. sowuk urmak tok
urmak comp. urup amak comp. ama
urmak
beating grsldi n beating regi
grsldisi heartbeat, throbbing
beautiful grkana 1 [grka:na] adj
beautiful, pretty, handsome, fine
grkana gyz beautiful girl; grmege cf:
grnkli. adj beautiful, nice, handsome,
attractive grmege igit handsome
fellow; gzel adj beautiful, pretty;
nurana [nu:ra:na] adj beautiful,
handsome, good-looking, fine-looking;
radiant nurana gzel beautiful woman
nurana zli goja good-looking old man;
owadan 1 adj beautiful, pretty owadan
gyz beautiful girl owadan er a beautiful
place; uz 1 [u:z] adj beautiful Gaan
gama az bolsun, ne uz bolsun. Let
your patterns be few but beautiful.
Dokalan haly uz hem nepis bolupdyr.
Your hand-made carpet was beautiful.
beauty grk cf: grm. n beauty grkne
grk gomak to make more beautiful;
gzellik n beauty, prettiness tebigaty
gzellikleri the charms/beauty of nature;
owadanlyk 1 n beauty, charm,
fascination Nhili owadanlyk! What a

sebp
beauty! How lovely!; peri [peri:] n
beauty, beautiful woman
because *stnde 1 ( st) post for that
reason, because of that, that's why
oldaymy stnde because of a friend
of mine onu stnde maa kediler.
That's why they told me off. Biz birinji
meselni stnde uzak dawaladyk. We
argued long and hard over the first
issue.; nki conjunction because, for
Elbetde bele dl. nki aga at a-da it
dl. Of course it's not like that, because
children are not horses or dogs. Men
eglendim, nki gatnaw aramaz. I
hurried off, because I don't like
meetings.; sebbi cf: sebp. conjunction
because; zerarly [zera:rly] post because
(of), by reason (of), as a result of, due to
Sen zerarly gij galdym. I was late
because of you.
because of sebpli post because of, why
iden sebpli gij galmak to be late
because of work Nme sebpli? Why?
For what reason? ; in 2 [i:n] post
because of, as a result onu in
therefore agy agany in men kino
gitmedim. Because of the rain I didn't go
to the cinema.
because of that *stnde 1 ( st) post for
that reason, because of that, that's why
oldaymy stnde because of a friend
of mine onu stnde maa kediler.
That's why they told me off. Biz birinji
meselni stnde uzak dawaladyk. We
argued long and hard over the first
issue.
become bolmak 3 v to become, grow,
happen, occur, take place ee bolmak to
acquire, become the owner of bolup
gemek to happen ele bolup ykdy.
That's how it happened. kii bolmak to
grow small, to reduce in size Bu uly bir
waka bolupdy. A major event took place.
comp. Boldy! comp. Boljak! comp.
bolmajysy bolmak comp. Bolar! comp.
Indi boldy! ; ulamak 1 v to become,
turn into, to touch Dagy bay asmana
ulaar. The top of the mountain
touches the sky. Kiirk nietln doglan
gnm uly toa ulady. The small
birthday party I had intended turned
into a massive event. Bizi obamyz on
yl myndan ozal here ulady, on m

32
adam sanymyz igrimi b m boldy.
Our village became a city 10 years ago;
10 thousand people had become 25
thousand. Bizi obamyz on yl myndan
ozal here ulady, on m adam sany
igrimi b m boldy. Our village turned
into a city 10 years ago; 10 thousand
people had become 25 thousand. comp.
Tou toa ulasyn! (arzuw, tost)
become anaemic gany gamak 1 (comp.
of gamak, gan) to become anaemic
become beautiful owadanlamak v to
become beautiful Maral ulaldygya
owdanlaar. Maral becomes beautiful
as she grows up.
become complicated ylyrymlamak v
to become complicated Bizi iimiz
ylyrymlady. Our work has become
rather complicated.
become degenerate ownamak 2 v to
become degenerated Gounlary tohumy
ownapdyr. The breed of sheep has
become degenerated.
become difficult kynalmak cf:
kynlamak. v to become difficult
alara okuwdan so i tapmak kynaldy.
It became difficult for young people to
find a job after leaving school.
become empty boamak 2 v to become
empty Kino gutaran badyna zaly ii
boady. As soon as the film finished the
hall was emptied. boady. The house
emptied. Agam glmiz boap mellekdki
gk ekinleri baskylapdyr.
become famous atlanmak1 [a:tlanmak] v
to become famous
become good friends ysnymak v to
become good/close friends (with)
Wagty gemegi bilen biz has-da ysnydyk.
Time by time we became close friends.
become hoarse bogulmak 2 v to become
hoarse, for one's voice to get hoarse
anymda ilim ekseler bokurdagym
bogular. If those around me smoke my
voice gets hoarse. Gazetde bir kii aga
bil guagy bonyna dakyp, ykaryp bilmn
bogulyp galanyny ap etdiler. Dem gysma
adamlar kmahal skligine bogulyp
bilrler. Hamamda kp otursam yssydan
aa bogulan. Demgysma adamlara
ylgamak gadagan , sebbi olary derrew

33

ni souny pikir edip geplemek

bokurdagy bogular. Iki sany dodyrma
ienimden so sesim bogulyp, geplp
bilmedim. Gyda suwa ykylanymdan so
sesim bogulyp, geplp bilmedim. eke
partialy syasat ynsany erk-ygtyaryny
bogar.
become inspired ylhamlanmak v to
become inspired Kp azyjylar
tebigatdan ylhamlanarlar. Many poets
get inspired by the nature.
become obsolete knelmek 3
[k:nelmek] v to become obsolete
knelen sz obsolete word
become obstructed
become old knelmek 2 [k:nelmek] v to
become old knelen mayn old car
become Russified ruslamak v to become
russified ruslaan millet a Russified
nation medenieti ruslamagy the
Russification of one's culture
become short kielmek 2 v to be/become
shortened Ol ksine gr kielipdir. He
became shorter than he used to be.
become small kielmek 1 v to be/
become reduced, to be lessened, to be
diminished
become tearful damagy dolmak (comp.
of dolmak) v to become tearful Aady
damagy dolup aglady. Ayshad became
tearful and cried
become thin guramak2 3 v to become
thin {colloquial}
become worse amanlamak 1 cf:
amanlamak. v become worse;
itilemek cf: iteltmek. v to become
worse agda itiler. The situation is
becoming worse. Kesel itiledi. The
disease has grown.
become_blue
bed atyz n bed, strip eri atyzlara blmek
to divide the plot of land into beds;
krowat [kro'wat] n bed, bedstead demir
krowat iron bedstead eplenn krowat
folding bed, divan, put-me-up; er 6 n
bed, sleeping place [usually a mat on
the floor] comp. er almasy comp. er
hoz comp. er tudana comp. erine
comp. erine etirmek ; k 3 n bed,
bedding ki ygnamak to make the bed
bed head bau [bau:] n head of the
bed Ene agasyny baujunda oturdy. The

mother sat at the head of the children's

bed.
bedroom atylan otag [atyla:n otag]
n bedroom atylan otag agty bolmasa
gowy. It is good if bedroom is not so
bright.
bee ary 1 n bee bal ary honey bee
beer piwo ['piwo] n beer, lager piwo imek
to drink beer piwo ganadylan zawod
brewery
beet ugundyr n beet
beetroot ugundyr n beetroot
before huzur [huzu:r] n before, in front
of, opposite huzurynda durmak to stand
in front of somebody huzura barmak to
come up to somebody; ozal 2 cf: owal.
adv before; first, at first, first of all
Rewolusiadan ozal zhmetkeler hor
aaardylar. Before the revolution the
workers lived poor lives. ozaly bilen first
of all, at first Ozal oka, so geple! First
read, then speak!; 3 before Ol
bele dldi. He was not like this
previously. b yl mundan five years
ago wagtydan before one's time Biz
herde aaardyk. We used to live
in the city. wagtyndan bermek to give
something in advance comp. eten
comp. ni almak comp. ni souny
pikir edip geplemek ; syra before,
prior to gitmezimi syrasynda prior to
leaving
before nightfall agtygzin
[agtygzi:n] adj before nightfall,
before dark agtygzin ilerii gutarmak
to finish one's work before dark
befriend dostlamak [do:stlamak] v to
make friends (with), befriend Dwlet
bilen Merdan birinji klasda dostladylar.
Dowlet and Merdan became friends in
the first grade. Klasymyza tze gelen
oglan bilen biz tiz dostladyk. We made
friends quickly with the new boy in our
class.
beg aagyna ykylmak 1 (comp. of
ykylmak) to beg; dilemek 1 v to beg,
ask, pray for, request pul dilemek to ask
for money Ja almak in karz pul
diledim. I asked for a loan to buy a
house. etim agajyk oldan geip
baranlardan pul dilp dur. An orphan is
begging money from passengers. Kitaby

Gapyyny garny dok

okamak in dilp aldym. I asked for a
book to read. Dumana lm dilnden,
ze mr dile. /nakyl/ Beg for your
life rather than asking for the death of
your enemy. Hudadan uzak mr
dilemek. Ask God for a long life. Balyk
dilemede, saglyk dile. Don't pray for
riches, pray for health. Her gije
Hudadan dilegler dilp,gowy umytlar
edip ataryn. Every night I pray to God
in good faith, then sleep.; el sermek
(comp. of el) to beg, solicit u ayda
el sermede z ile. Do not beg at this
age, earn your own money.
Begench begen 2 n Begench [boy's
name]
beggar gapyy n beggar {colloq} say.
Gapyyny garny dok ; geda [geda:]
n a beggar, a mendicant, a pauper geda
bolmak to be a pauper geda gezmek to
beg, go begging comp. bir zady geday
bolmak
begin conversation grr amak
(comp. of amak) to begin a
conversation, open a conversation
beginning balangy n beginning, start,
commencement Hazirlike tze aylan
krhanany balangyjy gowy. The newly
opened business has started well.; 2
beginning m gelenden soum gelsin.
Don't look at the beginning, look at the
end. (sem. domains: 3.5.4.2 - Saying,
proverb.) comp. eten comp. ni
almak comp. ni souny pikir edip
geplemek
beginning to end badan-aak2 (comp.
of ba) from beginning to end
behave like human adam bolmak
(comp. of adam) to behave like a
human
behaviour alyp bary ( bary) behaviour
Onu alyp bary gowy. His/her
behaviour is good.; bary 1 cf: bary.
(sp. var. of bary) n way, manner,
behaviour Asmanda brgdi uup bary
owadan. The flight of eagles in the sky is
beautiful. {movement}; bary ( sp. var.
bary) cf: bary. n behaviour, manners,
conduct, comportment, the way you act
zni alyp bary his behaviour, conduct
Tamada toy alyp bary rn gyzykly
hem adyan. The way the master of

34
ceremonies conducts proceedings at a
wedding is very interesting and makes
you feel good. Sahnada artistleri zni
alyp bary aman ynandyryjy. The way
the actors act in the scene is very
believable.s alyp bary ; bolu n
behaviour, conduct, habit u bolu
gwne jamy? Is your behaviour
acceptable? Bolu dagyn nteet,
utanaokmy?
behind st 5 post behind jay agalary
stnden gulplamak to lock the door
behind children *stnde comp. aak
stnde comp. aak stne galmak
comp. ba stne comp. sti aylmak1
comp. sti aylmak2 comp. sti bilen
comp. stnden arz etmek comp.
stnden dmek1 comp. stnden
dmek2 comp. stnden sowuk suw
gulan aly bolmak1 comp. stnden
sowuk suw gulan aly bolmak2 comp.
stne comp. stne almak comp.
stne imek comp. stni amak
comp. stni basyrmak comp. stni
apmak comp. stni etirmek ; yzy
[yzy] adj behind Tamy yzy owadan
baglyk. The behind of home is a
beautiful garden.
being a doctor lukmanylyk
[lukma:nylyk] cf: medisina, wralyk.
n the profession of being a doctor Bizi
patagtymyzda tze lukmanylyk
uniwersiteti ayldy. A new medical
university was opened in our capital
city.
being poet ahyrylyk [a:hy:rylyk] n
the fact of being a poet
believe sygynmak v to believe, trust in;
worship; umak v to believe in bir dine
umak to believe in one religion;
ynanmak 1 cf: ynandyrmak. v to trust,
believe, have faith (in) Hudaa ynanmak
to believe in God Men mua ynanaryn.
I believe him.
believer
belittle kemsitmek v to belittle, make
someone feel small, insult, deprecate
herli gyzlar obaly gyzlary stnden
glp, olary kemsidrler. City girls laugh
at village girls and make them feel
small.

35

asy any erde bolsun!

bell dwme 1 n bell, cymbal, sleigh bell
dwme dakynmak to wear bells Men
owlajygyma dwme dakdym. I hung a
small bell on my young goat. ; ja 1 n
bell gapyny jay doorbell ja kakyldy
The bell rang. comp. eegine ja
kakylan aly geplemek
bells bounlyk n bells [hung from a
camel]
belongings go 1 n belongings,
possessions, things; baggage; go-gola
n belongings, utensils; paty-puty n
belongings, goods and chattels, (one's)
things paty-putyy ygnadyrmak to get
one's things together, pack up hli patyputy bilen with one's bag and baggage;
zat 3 [za:t] cf: rezerw, tialyk,
ykalga, haryt, predmet, sapak,
dersi, alar, zapas. n belongings
Meni zatlarymy ellem! Do not touch
my belongings! {plural} comp. bir zat
comp. hi zat
beloved ar [a:r] n dear, beloved sgli
ar lover, great love aryndan arylan
edi yl aglar, urdundan arylan lin
aglar. To be separated from a loved one
is seven years of tears, but to be
separated from your homeland is an
eternity of tears.
below aak 2 [aa:k] post below Sowuk
noldan aak ddi. The cold
(temperatures) will fall below zero. aak
gamak to drop, fall down comp. aakky
(aakdaky) comp. aak aagynda ; pes 2
adj below, downhill comp. pes gwnli
comp. pese dmek comp. eri pesi
bilen comp. eri pesi bilen hereket
etmek
belt guak n belt, cummerbund, sash
[Turkmen belts are made of material or
rope. (trad. ones of metal; khan's wore
them)]; kemer 1 n belt, seat belt inli
kemer wide belt kemerini ekmek to
tighten one's belt up; zolak 2 [zo:lak] n
{landscape}
bend bkmek 1 v to bend, curve, fold
Dyzymy bkp kp otursam aagym
agyrar. If I kneel for long periods my
legs ache. Bilimi bkp ere gl ekip
ykdym. I bent over and went out to
plant flowers.; egilmek v to bend, stoop

bend down eplenmek 1 v to bend

(down), bow (down)
bend over abanmak 1 [a:banmak] v to
bend over, to lean over stme abanyp
durma. Don't lean over my shoulder!
beneficial okumly adj beneficial, good
for you, nutritious okumly imiler
nutritious fruits; healthy nutrients
{food}
benefit bhbit [bhbi:t] n benefit, profit,
good, use; interest umumy bhbit in for
the common good birini bhbidi in for
somebody's good, in order to do a
favour for someone comp. bbit bola! ;
eret n benefit, comfort adamzady
ereti in for the benefit of mankind
durmuy eretleri the good things in life,
material benefits, comforts Gr, bu nhili
eret! Look, how good this is! durmuy
eretini datmak to experience the good
things in life; egilik n benefit, good
Mundan egilik ykmaz. No good will
come of it. egilige garamak to hope for
some benefit Egilikmi? Is everything
Ok?; hayr 1 n benefit, use, advantage,
good, profit Ondan hme hayr bar?
What good will it do? comp. agzyy
hayr amak
beside gary 2 post besides, except
mundan gary besides that; an 1 [a:n]
post beside, near, next to anynda next
to him/her/it, with him/her/it Onu
anynda duran kim? Who is the person
standing next to her? {location} comp.
an bermek comp. an olda comp.
asy any erde bolsun!
besides da2 4 adv besides, in addition to;
dayndan conjunction besides, apart
from, in addition to; hem 5 adv still
more, even more, besides
best naba adj the best (of something);
imposing, dignified, impressive Adamym
maa nabay possun sowgat etdi. My
husband gave me the best fur as a gift.
bet jedel 2 n bet jedel etmek to bet
better gowrak better than, more than;
zyada [zya:da] adj better, best Gzel
bardyr gzellerden zyada. There is a
beauty better than all beauties.
between ara1 [a:ra] post between, among
Arayzda leneniiz okmy? Aren't

asy any erde bolsun!

there any among you who is married?
Jeren bilen Gzeli arasynda hi hili syr
ok. Jeren and Gozel have no secrets
between them.
bewitching jadygy 1 [ja:dyg:y] adj
bewitching, spellbinding jadygy nazar a
bewitching look Meni jigim jadygli
kinodan gorkar. My little brother is
frightened of films about witchcraft.
biased taraplayn adj biased, one-sided,
on the side of
bicycle welosiped [welosi'ped] n bicycle,
bike Onu alt gidn welosipedi bar. He
has got fast bicycle.
big iri [i:ri] adj big, large, large-scale iri
ahly mal (horned) cattle iri hojalyk
large-scale farm iri senagat large-scale
industry iri apmak to cut into large
pieces
bigger ulurak adj bigger, quite large
emady boy menikiden ulurak
dimese, ne ay kii. Shemshad is
taller than me even though she is
younger. Ejem boy entek sr diip,
maa ulurak bolan knek alypdyr. My
mother bought me a dress that is too big
because I'm bound to grow. u em
ulanmaga ulurak dimese, rn owadan.
You may say the candle is not biggerr,
but it is more beautiful. Elidki torba
ulurak dimese, kii torba berkdir. You
might not think that the bag in your
hand is bigger, but your small bag is
durable/strong.
billion milliard 2 [milli'ard] num billion
[US English]
billow, waft burugsalamak v billow,
waft
bin bedre 2 n rubbish bin {Brit}
bind bogmak 1 v to bind, tie up, bundle
Bugdaly halta agzyny bogup, araba
kledik. We tied up the mouth of the
sack of wheat and loaded it onto the
cart. Bede dessesini bogyp, km salyp
gya taynlyk graris.; damak 2 v to
tie up, bind, tether mallary atagyna
damak to tether the animals in a stable
arany hasa bilen damak to apply a
tourniquet aagyny damak to bind
someone's legs psz damak tokeep
someone waiting aglygy damak to put
a headscarf on, to tie a headscarf on;

36
sahaplamak [saha:plamak] v to bind,
cover kitaby sahaplamak to bind a book
binding jilt n binding, cover (of a book)
kitaby jildi the book cover jilt
ussahanasy binders, bookbinder
binoculars drbi n binoculars
biography terjimehal [terjimeha:l] n
biography, auto-biography; atlama 2
[a:tlama] n biography,
(commemorative) booklet Gahrymanlar
barada birne atlama kitaplar azyldy.
Several commemorative books were
written about heroes.
bird gu n bird
birth doglu n birth Tze bolan jigime
doglu hakynda ahadatnama aldym. We
got a birth certificate for my new born
brother. agany dogluy barada biz
Adam sapagynda gedik. We learned
about the birth of a baby in our Human
Biology lesson.
birthmark hal2 [ha:l] n birthmark, mole
Ol gyzy bonunda hal bar. She has a
mole on her neck.
birth-mark me n birth-mark Gyzy
znde mei bar. The girl has a birthmark on her face.
birthmarked hally [ha:lly] adj
birthmarked, with a birthmark, with a
mole, having a mole aagy hally gyz a
girl with a mole on her cheek
birth-marked meli 1 adj birth-marked
zi meli gyz the girl with a birth-mark
on the face
birthplace dogduk n birthplace Towana
dogduk depe./nakyl/ East or West home
is best. Turkmenistan meni dogduk
mekanym. Turkmenistan is my
birthplace.
biscuit kke [k:ke] n biscuit(s) meni
ejem sji kke biirip bilr. My mother
can bake sweet biscuits.
bit agyzzyryk n bit (sem. domains: 6.3.1.7
- Beast of burden.)
bitch ganjyk n bitch
bite agyz urmak (comp. of urmak) to
bite Merdany aagyndan it agyz urup ol
hassahana ddi. Merdan got bitten by a
dog and ended up in hospital.;
enemek 2 v to bite badly Ony it

37

gnlemek
enpdir. The dog bit him badly. Balyk
z igrini mazaly enedi.; dilemek
[di:lemek] v to bite Ilemedik
dilemez./nakyl/ He who does not work
will not eat. (Proverb) Almadan dilp
aldym. I bit an apple. Gahary
gelse,burnuy dile. (nakyl) Bite your
nose if you are angry. (Proverb) ;
gapmak 2 v to bite gapak at a horse that
bites say. De kegini gowy
grse,hem deper, hem gapar say. De
kegini gowy grse,hem deper, hem
gapar comp. gzi gapmak comp.
sesii gapmak ; armak 4 [a:rmak] v
to bite Meni it ardy. The dog has bitten
me. comp. bagty da armak comp. dil
armak comp. regini armak
biting iti 8 adj biting, stinging, sharp iti
dil sharp tongue comp. iti zehinli
comp. iti-iti
bits and bobs uak-dek (comp. of
uak) bits and bobs Men in uakdek, sabyn, ampun, el spriln
sprgi bilen telefona sim satyn almaly. I
have to buy bits and bobs for home:
soap, shampoo, kitchen paper, and a
sim card for the phone.
bitter ajy 1 [a:jy] adj bitter, sour ajy sirke
sour vinegar ajy gzas bitter tears ajy
habar bitter news comp. ajy sz
black gara 1 adj black gap-gara very black
gara mal sheep and goats gara el strong
wind It gara grmese rmez. A dog will
not bark if it does not see anyone. Bir
gara grnr. something dark can seen
Sd iinde bir gara bar. there is
something black in milk gara sil heavy
storm gara zm black grape gara ynym
in truth gara gz very dirty gara kmr
black coal agy-garany sagarmak to be
able to tell between black and white
elinde gara aysy ok he has no money
in his hand gz garasy black eye
gwne gara getirmek think bad things
gara niet ill intention gara nebis black
benefit gara metallar black metals gara
mala bad luck gara ii menial worker,
someone with a menial job garay
salamak to disappear garadan gatmaz
stubborn gara kk dark burned gara
anyk very bad burned gara klemek to
slander gara ay little money-coins gara
srtmek to say bad things gara gzm my

black eye, 'my dear' gara suwag black

timber gara gagy so much care gara
sanaw black list gara donly the person
who has a black coat gara der heavy
sweat comp. gara altyn comp. gara bagt
comp. gara bur comp. gara gn comp.
gara hat comp. gara i comp. gara
say. garasy itmek
black heart gararek n black heart
blacken garalamak 1 v to blacken, make
something black kagyzy garalamak to
colour the paper black gayy garalamak
to color eyebrow kirpigii garalamak to
color eyelash; garalmak2 1 v to blacken,
turn black gne garalmak to become
sunburnt comp. garalyp durmak
black-livered garabagyr black-livered
blackness garalyk 1 n blackness comp.
bagty garalyk
blacksmith demiri (comp. of ussa)
blacksmith arhy tigiregi dwlende,
demiri ussa eltip bejertdi. When a mill
wheel broke, they brought it to
silversmith fot to fix. demiri ussa
silversmith
blade pekam 2 [peka:m] n blade
{dial}; tyg [ty:g] n blade; z2 2 n
blade, edge pyagy zi knife blade
zi gadymak to grow (slightly) blunt
comp. ayk zli comp. agyr zli
comp. ilime z urmak comp. z
dndermek comp. z saraltmak comp.
z solgun comp. z tutmak comp. z
urmak comp. z-gz comp. zbe-z
comp. zi tzelenmek comp. zne
gara srtmek comp. zni uwmak
blame gnkrlemek cf: gnlemek. v
to blame (someone for), accuse
(someone of), charge (someone with)
ogurlykda gnkrlemek to accuse
someone of theft
blameless ayby ok (comp. of ayp) It
doesn't matter.; blameless; aypsyz 2
adj blameless Hi aypsyz adam ok. No
person is without sin.
blank verse ak gogy (comp. of ak) blank
verse
blasphemy kpr n blasphemy ol
kprligi in gnkrlendi we yl
trm basylmaly edildi. He was found

Tary alkasyn!
guilty of blasphemy and sentenced to
three years in jail.
blaze lowlamak 1 v to blaze, be on fire,
to catch (fire) odun lowlap anar the
firewood has really caught
bleed ganamak [ga:namak] v to bleed;
ganatmak 1 [ga:natmak] v to bleed
bless alkamak 2 v to bless alkasa az,
gargasa gy! Bless the spring, curse the
winter! comp. Tary alkasyn!
blessed eretli adj blessed, happy,
comfortable eretli durmu happy life
eretli lke land of plenty/abundance
eretli gnler happy days; mbrek 1 adj
blessed, blest Baramyyz mbrek
bolsun! Season's greetings. Tze ylyyz
mbrek bolsun! A happy New Year!
Doglan gn mbrek bolsun! Many
happy returns of the day!
blessing ak pata (comp. of ak) blessing;
bereket n blessing Harmana bereket!
May your threshing floor be blessed! u
ylky hasyl bereketli boldy. This year's
harvest was blessed. [material blessings:
food, money etc.] say. Herekete bereket
; pata 1 [pa:ta:] n blessing pata bermek
to bless, give one's blessing (to) ondan
so Grgly Ayk Ady pirden pata
almaga barar. Then Goeroelgi Ashik
Aydyn went to receive blessings from
the pir. pata almak to be blessed by ak
pata blessing ak pata bermek to bless,
pronounce a blessing over [usually from
a Muslim saint, spiritual craftsman or
master craftsman]
blind gzsz 1 adj blind; kr 1 [k:r] adj
blind kr adam blind man kr bolmak to
be/become blind haanda ol kr bolanda
men oa telekeiligi retmge kmek edip
baladym I started helping him run the
business when he went blind comp. kr
kpksiz
blinded gamayk 1 [ga:mayk] adj
blinded Ol gamayk gzni owkalady. he
massaged his blinded eyes
bliss sapa [sapa:] n bliss, felicity,
happiness
block bent3 2 n block Meni olumy bent
etme. Don't block my way.

38
blockhead samsyk n blockhead, fool,
stupid, clot, idiot (sem. domains: 4.9.4.4
- Curse.) comp. tapdy samsygyy!
blocks kubik n blocks, bricks (children's
toy) agalar kubikden ekil gurupdyrlar
children had made a construction from
bricks
blond saryagyz [sa:ryagyz] adj blond
saryagyz gyz blonde
blood gan [ga:n] n blood, gore gan
damarlary artery, vein gan dkikli
bloodthirsty, sanguinary gan basyy
blood pressure gan mek to bruise
comp. gan almak gan dkmek comp.
gan uwutmak comp. gany gamak ;
stde adj blood, true, real stde
doganym my blood brother/sister (i.e.
sibling)
bloody ganly 2 [ga:nly] adj bloody,
blood-stained ganly z bloody face
arassa ganly at a thoroughbred ganly et
bloody meat az ganly few blooded
arassa ganly at horse with pure blood
comp. gyzgyn ganly comp. sowuk ganly
bloom aylmak 3 v to bloom Gller azda
aylarlar. Flowers bloom in spring.
blow wsmek 1 v to blow el wsr
the wind blows comp. nireden
wsnine der aly dl. ; urgy 1 n
blow, hit Boksor bir urguda garydayny
atyrdy. The boxer knocked his
opponent down with one blow.;
flemek v to blow Gyzgyn palawy flp
sowatmak. To blow on the hot pilau and
cool it. ilimi tssesi jay doldurdy.
Cigarette smoke filled the house.
{person}; zarba n blow, stroke, strike,
attack bir zarbada at one stroke zarba
urmak to strike a blow, to attack; zarp n
blow, stroke, strike zarp bilen at one
stroke zarp bilen itmek to push by force
blow up armak 3 [a:rmak] v to blow
up kprini armak to blow up a bridge
comp. bagty da armak comp. dil
armak comp. regini armak
blue gk 1 [gk] n blue, green gk asman
blue sky gk a green tea comp. gk
galdy comp. gm-gk ; mawy [ma:wy]
adj blue mawy asman blue sky mawy
ekran big screen
blunder alylyk n mistakenness,
erroneousness; false step, blunder

39

mert
alylyk gobermek to make a blunder,
make a mistake
blunt ktek 1 adj blunt, dull ktek pyak
blunt knife comp. ktek bur
blush gyzarmak 2 v to blush, turn red in
the face utanjydan gyzarmak to blush
with shame z gyzarmak to turn red
in the face
board tagta 2 n board han tagta table
[only used in the N and NE of the
country]
board up urudyrmak 3 v to seal Eeleri
kne jay gulplap dayndan urudyryp
gitdiler. Having locked the door of the
old house the owners left. {house}
boast imek 4 [i:mek] v to boast, brag
Sowukdan elim iipdir. el berlen pkgi
idi. Nme meni stme i? hum
aly imek; gabarmak 3 [ga:barmak] v
to boast Ol gabarmagy halamaar. He
doesn't like boasting.; magtanmak v to
boast, talk about oneself Ol zni ei
barada magtanyp balady. He started
boasting about his victory.; wn 2 n
boast onu wnjini eitdimi?
boast(ing), bragging; have you heard his
boasting?; wnmek v to boast (of),
brag (of, about) ol wnmegi gowy grr
he is fond of bragging, he likes boasting
boaster magtanja n opinionated person
Meni oglan jigim magtanja dl. My
little brother is not an opinionated
person.
boastful wnje adj boastful,
vainglorious, braggart wnje adam
boaster, braggart, bragger, show-off
boat gayk n rowing boat, dinghy; kayak;
tender motorly gayk motor boat gaykly
gezelen etmek to go boating comp.
elkenli gayk ; gmi cf: parohod. n
ship, boat, vessel, liner swda gmisi
merchant ship gm mnmek to board a
ship, to get on board elkenli gmi
sailing ship, yacht comp. l gmisi
comp. gmi duralgasy comp. howa
gmisi
boatman gayky n boatman, ferryman
body beden cf: organizm. n body
Daglykda aaan adamlary bedeni sag.
Those who live in the mountains have a
healthy body.; endam [enda:m] n body

Ol hor endamyny grkezdi. He showed

his thin body. endam-jan body, body
and soul; gwre 1 n body, frame; jisim
3 n body Asman jisimleri. Heavenly
bodies. {star, planet, moon}; ten n body
onu teni sowuk his body's cold
body and soul jan-ten [ja:n-ten] n heart
and soul, body and soul jan-teni bilen
with all one's heart Biz her bir ie jantenden apyarys. We put our heart and
soul into all our work.
bodyguard janpena [ja:npena] n
bodyguard Onu kakasy Prezidenti
janpenasy bolup iler. Her father works
as a bodyguard to the President.
boil yban [y:ban] n boil, abscess yban
ykmak to have a boil coming on;
ykuw n boil, abscess; ganamak v to
boil Suw ganady. The water is boiled.
Gazan ganady. The pot is boiled.;
ganatmak v to boil something Sen
suwy ganatdymy? Have you boiled the
water? sdi ganatmak to boil a milk
boiled ganadylmak v to be boiled
ganadylan suw boiled water Ganadylan
suw barmy? Have you got any boiled
water? ganadylan et boiled meat
boiling ganag 1 adj boiling
bold merdana [merda:na] cf: mert. n
bold Merdana halkymyz Gkdepe urunda
gahrymanylyk grkezdi. Our bold people
showed hero in Gokdepe war.
boldness agyt n boldness, courage,
audacity
bolt kilt n bolt, catch, fastening, latch
gapyny kildi bolt of a door kildi ildirmek
to lock with a bolt
bomb bomba ['bomba] n bomb er
znde hi kim, hi wagt atom
bombasyny ulanmasyn. Let nobody in the
whole wide world ever use an atom
bomb. Obamyzy etinde oglanjyklar
onap rkler urudan galan bombany
tapdylar.; bombalamak v to bomb
Bombalamak dien buruk komandirden
geldi. The command to bomb came from
the commander. Uru dwrinde obamyz
bombalanandan so kp jalar weran
boldy.
bombard

oljasy omak
bon voyage olu(yz) ak bolsun! (comp.
of ol) Have a safe journey! Bon
voyage!
bone sk n bone
book kitap [kita:p] n book gyzykly kitap
interesting book kitap dkany bookshop
kitap swdasy book trade kitap okamak
to read a book
bookbinder sahapy [saha:py] n
bookbinder sahapy bolup ilemek to
work as a bookbinder
booklet gollanma 2 n booklet, brochure;
kitapa [kita:pa] n booklet, pamphlet,
brochure Men hemie anymda himia
barada kitapa gterrin I always take a
chemistry booklet with me
boot dik n boot kee dik felt boots;
nowa 2 n boot, trunk, back, box
arabany nowasy a chariot's box
mayny nowasy a car's boot, a car's
trunk
booty olja n booty, loot, plunder Ol 50
sany dni olja alypdyr. He took as
plunder 50 camels. comp. oljasy omak
border arak [a:rak] n border,
frontier; k 2 n border, frontier iki
hojalygy gi; sepgit adv border,
frontier; serhet n border, frontier,
boundary
border guard araki [a:raki] n
border guard, frontier guard; serheti n
border guard
bored ii gysmak (comp. of gysmak, i)
to be bored Meni obada iim gysar. I
am bored in the village.
boring bizar-pete [bi:za:r-pete] adj
boring ; tiresome comp. bizar-pete
etmek ; gysdyryjy adj boring rek
gysdyryjy boring, tedious, tiresome,
irksome rek gysdyryjy grr boring
conversation; mazasyz [maza:syz] adj
boring, uninteresting, tedious, dull Bu
kino rn mazasyz eken. This cinema was
very uninteresting.
born dogmak 2 v to be born kem dogmak
to be premature Gelnejem oguldan so
gyz dogdy. My sister-in-law gave birth to
a daughter after she had had three
sons. nji otagdaky ene entek doganok.
The mother in the third room has not
given birth yet. u on aga bir eneden

40
dogan agalar. These ten children are
born from one mother. kem doglan aga
premature baby
born and raised np-smek [:npsmek] v to be born and raised Men
obada np-sdm. I was born and
raised in a village.
both... and hem 4 conjunction both ......
and .... Hem agy agardy, hem gar. It
was both raining and snowing.
bother degmek 2 v to bother, disturb, be
affected by Maa degme! Leave me
alone!; ynjalygyny gayrmak (comp.
of gayrmak) to bother Bu habar onu
ynjalygyny gayrdy. This news bothered
him.
bottle e n bottle; atyrmak 4
[atyrmak] v to bottle ereb atyrmak
to pickle pomidory duza atyrmak to
bottle tomatoes {food, drink} comp.
atyr
bottom otur eri (comp. of oturmak) v
sit-upon, bottom {(following gerund)
marks the continuous mood}; otyrer 2
[oty:rer] n; syrt n bottom, rear end,
posterior
bottomless dpsz adj bottomless
boundless legsiz 2 adj boundless,
unbounded, immense legsiz giilik
immense space
bountiful hasylly [ha:sylly] adj bountiful,
plentiful, abundant hasylly yl abundant
harvest
bouquet emen n bunch of flowers, posy,
bouquet, nosegay
bow ba egmek (comp. of ba, egmek) to
bow down; bow one's head; egmek cf:
boun, ba. v to bow, bend ybygy aak
egmek to bow stick At bomuny egrdi.
A horse bowed neck. demiri egmek to
bend iron comp. ba egmek comp.
boun egmek ; a 1 [a:] n bow a
ekmek to bend/draw a bow a atmak
to shoot {weapon}
bow and arrow ok-a [ok-a:] n bow
and arrow Bizi ata-babalarymyz ok-a
bilen aw awlapdyrlar. Our ancestors
hunted with bow and arrow.
bow down boun egmek 3 (comp. of
boun, egmek) to bow down Uru
dwirinde nemyslara esir den esgerleri

41

p dwlen aly
boyn egmedikleri baryny ldirardiler.
During the war the Germans used to kill
all those taken as prisoners who refused
to bow down.; tagzym etmek [tagzy:m
etmek] v to bow (down), curtsy
bowl anak [a:nak] n bowl, dish uly
anak basin kelle anagy skull, cranium;
jam [ja:m] n cup, goblet, bowl bir jam
st a bowl of milk; akse [a:kse] n
(soup) bowl
box gapyrjak cf: eker. n box kemputly
gapyrjak box of sweets a gapyrjagy teacaddie; guty n box pota gutysy letter
box, mailbox
boxed gaplanmak 1 [ga:planmak] v to be
boxed, tinned, be packed up gaplanan
harytlar packed boxes
boy oglan 1 n boy, youth, young man on
aly oglan ten-year-old boy comp. gyzoglan
brackets a 3 [a:] n brackets,
parenthesis {gram}
braid sabag [saba:g] n braid
brain beni n brain
brain work akyl zhmeti (comp. of akyl)
brain work, work that requires hard
thinking
brainwork zhmet 3 n brainwork akyl
zhmeti brainwork {mental} comp.
ekse zhmet, agar rhnet. comp.
zhmet ekmek
brake Aagyny bas! (comp. of aak)
Brake!; tormoz ['tormoz] cf: aak. n
brake tormoz bermek to brake, put on
the brake runo tormozy handbrake
branch filial [fili'al] n branch, subsidiary
instituty filialy branch of an institute;
gol2 3 n branch comp. gol apmak ;
pudak 1 [pu:dak] n branch agajy
pudaklary branches of a tree (sem.
domains: 1.5 - Plant.)
branch out pudaklamak [pu:daklamak]
cf: puda. v to branch out, ramify aga
pudaklapdyr a tree has formed branches
brand nletlemek 2 v to brand,
stigmatise; tagma 1 n brand
brave arslan rek (comp. of rek)
brave, courageous; batyr 1 [ba:tyr] adj
brave, bold, courageous Sirkde
gaplalara tlim beriji adamlary batyr

grmeli. In the circus those who control

the tigers have to show bravery.; gerek
2 adj brave, strong, bold, daring,
courageous gerek igit brave young
man; goak 3 adj brave, courageous,
bold, daring goak igit brave young
fellow goak garpyz big water-melaon
goak dalar big stones; merdan adj
brave Merdan igitler swede belli
bolar. Brave boys is known in the war.
braveness batyrlyk [ba:tyrlyk] n
braveness, boldness, courage Trkmeni
taryhynda Gkdepe galasyny goran
aallar z edermenligini we batyrlygyny
grkezdi. In Turkmen history the women
who defended the fort at Gokdepe
showed great courage and bravery.
bravery edermenlik n bravery, courage,
valour edermenlik grkezmek to show
one's courage
bread rek 1 cf: nan. n bread ak rek
white bread petir rek pita bread, flat
bread; nan [na:n] cf: rek. n bread
nan biirmek to bake bread comp. nan
ursun comp. nany bitin
break arakesme [a:rakesme] n break,
intermission arakasme etmek to have a
break, take a break; bldrmek
[b:ldrmek] v to split up, break;
exchange Pulumy bldrmek in banka
bardym. I went to the bank to get
change for my note. I went to the bank
to split my note. Pulumy etmedigi
sebpli dollary manada wrip bldrmeli
boldum. Because I had run out of cash I
had to exchange some dollars for
manat.; dwmek 1 v to break, smash
ahany egip dwmek to break a branch
by bending ni dwmek to break a
glass buzda tayp, elii dwmek to break
your hand while skating on the ice.
ygnakda ony berk dwdler. At the
meeting they broke him completely.;
dwlmek 1 v to break, break up, be
broken Kse dwldi. The cup broke.
Maynymyz olda dwldi. Our car was
damaged on the way. Araba dwlse,
alta in odun. When a cart breaks it is
wood for a lazy person. Oglumy
welosipedi dwldi, yne zi bejerdi. My
son's bicycle was broken, but he fixed it
himself. comp. p dwlen aly ;
dwlmek 2 v to break, get fractured,

p dwlen aly
shatter Sport sapagynda tanapdan
ykylamda elim dwldi. In the PE lesson
I fell from the rope and broke my hand.
Ana pkgi degip, ana dwldi. The ball
broke the window. Elimden kse gayp
dwldi. I dropped the cup and it broke.
Stolu stnden surat portret gayp
dwldi. The photo frame fell and broke.
comp. p dwlen aly ; gtmek 1 v to
break off regi gyrasyndan gtmek to
break off a hunk of bread; pytramak 1
v to crumble, break or fall into crumbs
or fragments da mada blekleri pytrady
the stone has fallen into crumbs;
zaalamak 3 [za:alamak] v to break,
damage Gullar zhmet gurallaryny
zaalaardylar. Slaves used to ruin the
tools. gzi zaalamak to have one's
eyesight damaged (by) comp. z
nerwii zaalama!
break down dwmek 2 v to break down,
stop working mayny dwmek for a car
to break down telefony dwmek for a
telephone to stop working
break fast agyz amak (comp. of amak)
(during the fast of Ramadan) to break
one's fast
break hand eli ykmak (comp. of el) to
break one's hand; to forget how to do
something Garagdy sport trgenleiginde
ykylyp elini ykardy. Garyagdy fell
down and broke his hand during sport
training. Bir yl bri komputerde
ilemmso elimden ykypdyr. Because I
did not work on the computer for a
year, I forgot how to do it.
break in armak 5 [a:rmak] v to break
in armak to break into a house
comp. bagty da armak comp. dil
armak comp. regini armak
break off gtmek 2 v to begin to spend,
to spend (money saved), to splash out
(on buying something) bwedi gtmek to
break off dam; umak 5 v comp.
gzden umak comp. kellden
umak ; zmek 3 v to stop, break, cease
arany zmek to break relations Dayzam
maa agyr sz adandan so men arany
zdm. After my aunt told me some bad
words I broke off relations with her.
aagyny zmek to stop going/coming
somewhere Arslan futbol trenerini iini

42
halamanso futboldan aagyny zdi. As
Arslan did not like the work of his
football trainer, he stopped going to
football. szni zmek to interrupt, to
stop talking Doganym grri hezil
erinde szini zdi. My brother stopped
talking in the most interesting place. Ol
meni grp, szni zdi. Seeing me, she
stopped talking comp. aagyy erden
zmek comp. el zmek1 comp. el zmek2
comp. mrni zmek1 comp. mrni
zmek2 comp. tamay zmek1 comp.
tamay zmek2 comp. erden rkni
zmek
break off relations arany amak (comp.
of ara2) to break off relations with
break up agamak 1 [aga:mak] v
break up, fall apart Obany kne jalary
agap balady. Old houses in the village
began to fall apart.
breakfast ertirlik [erti:rlik] n breakfast
ertirlik edinmek to have breakfast
breast emjek n breast emjek ujy nipple
sygry emjegi nipple of cow say.
Aglamadyk oglana emjek ok ; gws n
breast, mammary gland; gursak n
breast gursak kletkasy thorax comp.
drtme gursak comp. guma gursak ;
kkrek n breast kkregii ere berip
atmak to lie face downwards, to lie on
one's front
breast feed emdirmek v to breast-feed, to
suckle
breast-feed anamak 2 [a:namak] v to
feed; to breast-feed a baby (whilst lying
on one's side) Ejesi agajygy anap
emdirdi. Mother breast-fed her baby.
breastplate sowut n breastplate
breath dem n breath dem almak to
breathe Ol uludan dem aldy. He breathed
deeply. demii drsemek to breath
calmly bir demde at the moment demii
sanap atmak to be very sick i soky
demie enli until the end of your last
breath demii almazlyk to be silent dem
aly comp. ol demde
breather nepes n breather nepesii
drsemek to take a breather; to have a
short rest
breathing dem aly ( dem) n breathing
breeze emal [ema:l] n breeze, wind

43

tasa getirmek
brew demlemek v to brew, steep a
demlemek to let tea brew
bribe emlemek 2 v to grease someone's
palm, bribe Hkimlige emlemese, ii
bitmer. If you don't grease the palm of
the mayor, your work won't be
successful.; para1 cf: para-pege.
bribe; para2 [pa:ra] n bribe para bermek
to give a bribe para almak to take a
bribe
bribe taker parahor [pa:raho:r] n bribetaker, extortioner
bribery parahorlyk [pa:raho:rlyk] n
bribery, corruption
bribes para-pege [pa:ra-pege] cf:
para1. bribes

brick hyt cf: kerpi. n brick; kerpi cf:

hyt. n brick kerpi ja brick building
bien kerpi baked brick ig kerpi mud
brick; unbaked brick kerpi zawody brick
works, brick-yard kerpi gumak to lay
bricks Hzirki wagtda kp adamlar jay
kerpiden gurarlar. Nowadays many
people build houses from bricks.
bride gelin 2 n bride comp. gelin-gyz
comp. gelneje
bride price salgyt 2 n bride-price salgyt
salmak to set the bride-price
bridegroom giew 1 n bridegroom
bride-price galy2 n bride-price, dowry Ol
gyzy in galy aldy. He got hold of the
bride-price for his fiance. [money paid
to bride's family and to bride in order to
marry her]
bridge eek 2 n bridge erkek eek male
donkey art eege k too heavy {music}
say. Eek semrese, eesini deper ; kpri
n bridge Kpri gurany Huda alkar. God
bless those who build a bridge.
bridle uan n bridle aty uanyny tutup
duran Berdidi The boy who was holding
horse's bridle was Berdi.
briefcase portfel n briefcase, bag
briefly birsalym adv briefly, for a short
while
bright dgr 1 cf: dbi. adj quickwitted, bright, sharp At rn dgr
jandar. The horse is very intelligent. dile
dgr bright, sharp; rwen 2 adj
bright, joyful, happy bizi rwen

geljegimiz our bright future {fig}; iti 2

adj bright iti rek bright colour comp.
iti zehinli comp. iti-iti
brighten agtylanmak v to brighten,
become brighter, light up Onu zi
agtylandy. His face lit up.; agtylmak v
to brighten, become brighter, lighten
Howa agtylyp balady. The day is
breaking.
brighten up aylmak 4 v (weather) to
brighten up Gyda asman k aylar, k
brelr. In winter sky is sometimes
clear, sometimes overcast.
brightness itilik 2 n brightness reki
itiligi brightness of a colour; itilik 3 n
burning state, brightness gn shlesini
itiligi brightness of the sun rays
bring alyp gelmek1 (comp. of gelmek) to
bring; alyp gelmek2 v to bring, come
bringing something; kelmek v to
bring, supply kel brik! Bring it to me!;
getirmek 1 v to bring Men suw getirdim.
I brought water. mysal getirmek to give
an example peda getirmek to make a
profit Krhana peda getirdi. The firm
made a profit. zyan getirmek bring
harm namys getirmek to shame comp.
sary getirmek comp. tasa getirmek
bring down indermek 1 v to bring down
Huda nme in olary bayndan belabeter inderdik? Why God throw down
the palgue from their head?
bring good news bulamak [bu:lamak]
v to be first to bring good news Jigim
bolanda hemme dogan garyndalara
bulap ykdym. When my younger sister
was born I ran out to be first to tell the
good news to all the siblings and
relatives. atlykly habary bulana serpa
berilr. Agam gullukdan gelende, bulap
toplan puluma owadan alyk aldym.
bring to an end solamak v to bring to
an end, finish
bring to naught puja ykarmak (comp.
of pu) to cause sth. to come to nothing
bring up adam etmek 1 (comp. of adam)
to bring up (children) agany adam
edn, say agaryp, dii dklr.
By the time you've brought up your
children, your hair is white and your
teeth have fallen out.

efire bermek
broadcast efir [efi:r] n broadcast, on the
web Hzir hepdi filmleri efirde. This
week's films are now being broadcast.
Hzir efire gidip dur. Currently being
broadcast. comp. efire bermek ;
gepleik 2 n broadcast, program agalar
in gepleik children's program
broken bozuk2 adj broken Klasymyzdaky
bozuk oglan agalary zara sgidirip r.
I boy in our class' children go around
swearing just like he does. Bir ertekide
bozuk aaly erbet ileri in ary
gznden okar.; dwk 1 adj broken,
not working dwk mayn broken down
car rp gitmesem maynym u wagt
dwk. I have to go on foot, because my
car has broken down. Dwk telewizory
bejertmne ussa berdim. I gave my
broken TV to the technician to repair.
Motosikli tigri dwk atyr. The wheel
of the motor is broken. Tikin mayny
iesi dwk. The sewing machine
needle has broken. ; zk 2 adv broken
zk p torn rope comp. bizi ondan
tamamyz zkdi
broken down warak2 adv out of order,
broken down warak mayn shaggy car
warak araba broken truck waragy ykan
(halys knelien) (waragy ykan mayn)
shabby, shaggy, broken
bronze brn2 n bronze Futbol aryynda
bizi komandamyz brn medala ee
boldy. In the football competition our
team won bronze medal. Joramy
toyna brnden asalan nmleri
sowgat etdim.
brooch genjik n brooch [decorative
brooch to hold women's vest (chawut)
together]; glaka (comp. of aka) n
large silver brooch
broom sbse n broom, brush; sprgi n
broom, brush
brother dogan 2 n brother Biz b dogan.
We are five brothers. Trkler bizi
doganymyz. Turks are our brothers.
Dogan, gel, meni erimde otur! Brother,
come and sit in my place! ; garda n
brother gardaymy ogly brother's son Ol
meni gardaym. He is my brother. E,
garda, maa kmek et! Hey, brother,
help me! {colloq}; ini 1 [ini:] cf: jigi. n
younger brother Meni inim mugallym.

44
My younger brother is a teacher. [used
only by males]
brother in law baja [ba:ja] n brother-inlaw, a man's wife's sister's husband Aal
doganlary oldalary biri-birine baja
bolar. Sisters' husbands are 'baja' to one
another.
brotherhood doganlyk n brotherhood
brown garaagyz adj brown, dark, dusky,
dark-skinned garaagyz igit darkskinned fellow; gour adj brown; mele
adj brown, straw-coloured, pale yellow,
beige ayk mele light brown mele at dun,
a dun horse
bruise gk 1 [gk] n blue, green gk
asman blue sky gk a green tea comp.
gk galdy comp. gm-gk
brutal wagy 2 adj brutal, bestial wagy
duman brutal enemy
bubble dwme 3 n bubble, drop az
agy dwmeleri zme damardy.
Drops of spring rain dripped onto my
face. Maraly gznden dwme-dwme
a dkldi. Many tears have fallen from
the eyes of Maral.
bucket bedre 1 n bucket Suwy bedre bilen
guudan daamaly. You have to get
water out of a well with a bucket
buckwheat greka n buckwheat {colloq}
bud dwnek 2 n bud mekgejwen
dwnegi ear of corn (sem. domains:
1.5 - Plant.); guna n bud of a flower;
pyntyk n bud, leaf-bud (sem. domains:
1.5 - Plant.)
budget bujet n budget Dwlet bujet
krhanalary alygy gowy hem wagtynda
berar, The state-owned and budgeted
workplaces pay good wages and on
time.
build geirmek 10 v to build, extend
demir ol geirmek to build a railway
badan geirmek comp. biri-birinden
geirmek comp. bokurdakdan geirmek
comp. durmua geirmek comp.
geirn ilikler comp. gzden geirmek
comp. itden geirmek ; guramak2 1 v to
build; gurmak 1 v to build, construct,
erect zawod gurmak to build a factory;
salmak 1 cf: salynmak2. v to build,
construct ja salmak to build a house
kpri salmak to build a bridge comp.

45

i sapary
abradan ayrmak comp. aldawa
salmak comp. bilmezlige salmak comp.
di salmak comp. duzaga salmak comp.
sala salmak comp. tertibe salmak comp.
yzyna it salmak comp. ola salmak ;
salynmak2 cf: salmak. v to build for
oneself ja salynmak to build a house for
oneself di salynmak to have one's teeth
made dek salynmak to make one's bed;
asamak 2 v to build / to make akup
ussa ktmen asady. Jacob craftsman
made a spade. comp. elk asamak
builder gurluyky n builder; gurujy n
builder
building bina 1 [bina:] n building belent
bina tall building Trkmenistan
dwletinde hzirki dwrde beik binalar
gurular. In the Turkmen state they
build tall buildings these days. bina
etmek to build; ja1 1 [ja:] n building,
house, structure, block ja gurmak to
build a house Kakamy jay rn gi.
The father's house is wide. comp. okuw
jay ; 2 n building agalar i
children's home dyn aly i rest home,
holiday home medeniet i palace of
culture comp. lmi nde comp.
tutmak comp. ni ykmak ; ymarat
[yma:rat] n building Agabat mermer
ymaratlary heri. Ashgabat is the city
of marble buildings.
built gurulmak 1 v to be built, be
constructed Tze ja guruldy. A new
house was built.
bulb dp 3 cf: fundament, esas. n bulb
(of a plant), head bir dp sarymsak one
head of garlic Bir dp sarymsakda balty sany dne bolar. There are five to
six cloves in each bulb of garlic. comp.
dbne etmek comp. dbni tutmak
comp. dp tutmak
bulwark daan 4 n stronghold, bulwark
magalany daanjy the stronghold of
the family
bunch desse n bouquet, sheaf, posy,
bunch bir desse gl a bunch of flowers;
salkym n bunch, cluster bir salkym zm
a bunch of grapes
burden k 5 n burden k bolmak to be
a burden to
burn awamak [a:wamak] v to burn, hurt,
ache Elim p awaar. My hands are

stinging from the cold. Oa regim

awaar. I feel sorry for him. (ADS
suggests - I hurt for him.) comp. rek
awa ; kdrmek 1 cf: kmek. v to
burn (up, down) regi kdrmek to
burn the bread; anmak 1 cf: anynda.
v to burn, be on fire anar. The
house is on fire. anyp balamak to catch
fire, to begin to burn comp. birini
ykyna anmak comp. oguna anmak
burn down akmak1 2 v to burn down
Sen meni adanymy etmn, iimibagrymy akdy. You burned down my
soul not doing what I said. comp. iini
akmak comp. janyy akmak comp.
mallary suwa akmak
burn up akmak1 1 v to burn up hapany
akmak to burn rubbish comp. iini
akmak comp. janyy akmak comp.
mallary suwa akmak
burning otly3 [o:tly] adv burning otly
kesindi burning log Dawudi otly demi
onu zne abyrady. Dawut's hot
breath burned his face. comp. otly
knek gemek ; iti 3 adj burning,
scorching gn iti hlesi burning rays
of the sun comp. iti zehinli comp. itiiti
burrow gowak 1 n big hole, burrow;
sren n burrow, den, lair Onana
tazyny eesi gelip, srene tsse berip,
tilkini alar. At that moment the dog's
owner comes and putting smoke into
the burrow, gets the fox.
bury jalamak 2 [ja:lamak] cf:
jalamak. v to bury, inter Olary adam
jalamak dbi bizikiden tapawutlanar.
Their burial tradition is different from
ours.
bus awtobus [aw'tobus] n bus
business iewr 1 adj business iewr
adam business man iewr toparlar
business circles
business trip i sapary cf:
komandirowka. (comp. of sapar1)
business trip Bizi Prezidentimiz i sapary
bilen Hytaa gitdi. Our President went to
China on a business trip.;
komandirowka [komandi'rowka] cf: i
sapary. n business trip, mission
komandirowka gitmek to go on a business

-d

46
trip ol komandirowkada he is away on
business ylmy komandirowka scientific
mission dredijilik komandirowkasy
creative mission komandirowka i
berin pul travelling allowance
komandirowka ahadatnamasy warrant,
authority (for travelling on official
business) [a trip funded by the
workplace, and having many functions]
bustle hysyrdy n bustle, fuss, trouble,
bother
busy ili 1 [i:li] adj busy ili adam busy
person ili bolmak to be busy (with);
megul [megu:l] adj busy megul
bolmak to be busy (with), be involved
(in), be occupied (with) ol z ii bilen
megullandy. he is busy with his work
but -de1 cf: -d, -da2. conjunction and,
though, but; emma [emma:] conjunction
but; welin 1 [weli:n] conjunction but,
however, and yet Ol welin hi zat
dimedi. He, however, didn't say
anything.; ne1 [:ne] conjunction
but, however Men garadym, ne sen
gelmedi. I waited but you didn't come.
butcher eti n butcher; gassap [gassa:p] n
butcher
butter mesge n butter Men irden mesgerek idim. I ate bread and butter in the
morning.
butterfly kebelek n butterfly, moth Biz
jlg gezelenje gidenimizde, kp kebelek
grdk. We saw many butterflies when
we visited the gorge. comp. daynda
kebelek bolmak ; perwana 1
[perwa:na] n butterfly perwana dek
pyrlanmak to hover as a butterfly
{literary, daytime} comp. perwana
bolmak

buttock otyrer 1 [oty:rer] n buttock Ol

kp ukol alyp, otyreri agyrar. After he
got many injections, his buttock pains.
button ilik n button; klawi n key, button
komputeri klawileri computer
keyboard ol ak-gara klawilere basdy he
pressed black and white buttons
button, bead dwme 2 n button, bead
Knegimi b dwmesini birisi
gopupdyr. One of the five buttons on my
shirt has been torn off.
buy almak 2 cf: satyn almak2. v to buy at
almak to buy a horse comp. Al gerek
bolsa! comp. ar almak comp. at almak
comp. basyp almak comp. dyrnagyy
almak comp. elie almak comp. gary
almak comp. gwne almak comp.
talap almak ; alynmak 2 v to buy for
oneself zme tze palto alynmak
islerin. I would like to buy myself a
new coat. dyngata alynmak ; satyn
almak1 v to buy

buzz gwwldemek v to buzz, roar,

murmur, howl; wyzzyldamak v to buzz,
drone Arylar wyzzyldaarlar. Bees buzz.;
wyzzyldy n buzz, drone arylary
wyzzyldysy the buzzing of bees {insect}
by arkaly 2 post by, with the help of radio
arkaly by radio Uzakdaky zady drbi
arkaly grp bolar. One may see far
into the distance with the help of
binoculars. gazet arkaly by newspaper
telewidenie arkaly by television
(broadcast) say. Arkaly kpek gurt alar ;
tarapyndan post by means of, by
by side anynda cf: anmak. by the side
Mekdep kitaphana anynda erler.
The school is by the side of library.
by the way ogsa-da ( ogsa) by the way
ogsa-da ertir maa puly getirip git. By
the way, bring my money tomorrow.

47

Cc

cabbage kelem [kelem] n cabbage glli

kelem cauliflower Meni ejem kelem
orbany rn tagamly biirr.
cabin klbe n cabin, small house Myrat
tokay gyrasynda, klbede aaar.
Myrat lives in small house near the
forest
cable kabel n cable Indi bizi antenamyzy
aryp, kabel oturtdylar. Now they have
removed our aerial and installed a
cable. Telefon ilnok, kabeli zlipdir.
The telephone does not work, its cable
has been cut.
cafe ahana [a:ha:na] n cafe, tearoom, tea-shop; naharhana 1
[naharha:na] n cafe, small restaurant
cake tort n cake, gateau
calamity bela [bela:] n calamity,
misfortune, disaster beladan gutulmak to
be saved from disaster tebigy bela
natural disaster comp. bela aly belany
krgi
calf gle n calf
call dimek 3 v to call, name; gygyrmak
2 cf: gygyrymak. v to call Maa kim
gygyrdy? Who called me?; ja 2 n call,
ring ja etmek to telephone, ring, call
telefony jay ringing of a telephone
comp. eegine ja kakylan aly
geplemek ; tutmak 2 v to call comp.
tutmak tutmak
call round alanmak 6 v to call round
isiz alanmak to hang around aimlessly
calm aram 2 [a:ram] adj calm, tranquil
aram tapmak calm down, become
tranquil; arkaynlamak 1 v to calm
down, relax Ol ne gelip arkaynlady.
He relaxed when he came home.;
dimek 1 [di:mek] v to calm down
Ejesini gren aga birden didi. The child
stopped crying suddenly after he saw
his mother.
arawsyz aga dimn aglaardy. The
sick baby was crying endlessly.;
parahatlyk 2 [para:hatlyk] n calm,
peace; peselmek 3 cf: peseltmek. v to
calm down, drop emal peselr. The

ynjaltmak

wind is dropping. {wind}; rahat 1

[ra:hat] n calm, quiet rahat er quiet
place Gijiz rahat bolsun! Good night!
comp. rahat dek comp. rahat oturgy ;
ynjalyk [y:njalyk] n calm, peace,
tranquillity Ol maa kp wagtlap ynjalyk
bermedi. He didn't leave me in peace for
a long time. ynjalykdan gamak to worry
(about), to be worried/anxious (about)
ynjalyk dan gayrmak to disturb/worry
someone Maral gyzyny gyzdyryp
atanlygyny grp ynjalykdan gady.
Maral was worried seeing her daughter's
temperature.; ynjalykly 1 [y:njalykly]
adj calm, quiet, tranquil ynjalykly adam
calm person ynjalykly oturmak to sit
tranquilly
calm down gahary gamak (comp. of
gamak) to calm down; kemek 1 cf:
kedirmek. v to calm down Ol suw
ienden so kedi He calmed down
after drinking some water; ynjalmak 1
[y:njalmak] cf: ynjaltmak. v to calm
down Bir kse sowuk suw ienden so,
Maksat ynjaldy. After a glass of cold
water, Maksat calmed down.
calm oneself rahatlanmak
[ra:hatlanmak] v to calm calm
oneselfoneself, settle down, pacify
oneself Rahatlany! Don't worry! Seni
ilki rahatlanmagy gerek, bolan zatlary
sora grr berersi. First you need to
calm down, then you can explain what
happened. Ejesini gren aga rahatlandy.
The child who saw his mother calmed
down
calmness arkaynlyk 1 n calmness,
peacefulness, quietness ay arkaynlyk
bilen imeli. Tea should be drunk calmly.
Iimi tamamlamso, maa arkaynlyk
aralady. After I finished my work, a
calmness came over me.
camcorder wideokamera [wideo'kamera]
n camcorder, video camera, camcorder
Biz wideokamera film drdik. We made
film with a videocamera.

Ak maany oly
camel iner n male camel; maa1 [ma:a]
n camel ak maa a white camel comp.
Ak maany oly
camel breeder dedar [deda:r] n
camel-breeder
camel breeding dedarylyk
[deda:rylyk] n camel-breeding
camera fotoapparat [fotoappa'rat] cf:
surat alan. n camera; kamera 1 n
camera (photo, video) Onu
kamerasynda zlere surat bar. There
are about a hundred pictures in his
camera.
camp delge 1 n camp, halt, stopping
place, stopover medan delgesi fieldcamp Medan delgmizde bar
golarymyzy goup tweregimiz bilen
tanydyk. We set up camp and
reconnoitred our surroundings. Brigada
delgede apez bilen kmekisi nahar
biirmek in galdylar. The cook and his
helper stayed in the camp to cook.;
lager 1 ['lager] n camp medanda lager
gurmak to camp in a field lager gurmak
to camp; lager 2 ['lager] n camp
demokratik lager the pro-democracy
camp diktatorylyk lageri those favouring
totalitarianism; lager 3 ['lager] n camp
harby lager army/military camp
esirleri lageri prison camp; urt 3
[u:rt] n camp, home, accommodation
Biz dagy eteginden urt tutduk. We
camped by the edge of the mountain.
tze urda gmek to move to a new
house comp. urt skmek comp. urt
ykan
campaign uru 2 n campaign Talyplar
AIDS keseline gary uru yglan etdiler.
Students declared a campaign against
the AIDS disease.; ri 2 [ri:] n
march, campaign haly ri The
Crusades
can
can keep a secret agzyna berk (comp. of
agyz) good at keeping secrets; agzyna
pugta (comp. of agyz) good at keeping
secrets
cancellation gobolsun adv cancellation
comp. gobolsun etmek
cancer dwnk n cancer of the gullet
{medical}

48
candle em n candle
cane gamy n cane, rush, reed eker gamy
sugar-cane gamy jeeligi reeds, reedbed
cannot say dili barmazlyk (comp. of
dil2) adj cannot say, cannot add u
meselni tzeden gozgamaga indi dilimem
baranok. Now I can not say anything
new that touches on this problem.;
dilim alananok (comp. of dil2) I
cannot say, I am not able to utter Erbet
zatlary atmaga meni dilim alananok. I
cannot say bad things.
cap papak n cap papagy gay cap peak
papak gemek to put on a cap papagyy
ykarmak to put off a cap Beleki
opanlary tiken papak, lapa, kepka,
silindr..... The great shepherd's thorn
cap, sun hat, cap, ? ...
capable zor 4 [zo:r] n capable, good zor
adam capable person Ol matematikadan
zor He is good at mathematics. zoruy
grkezmek to display one's strength
capable of winning ykarybermeli adj
capable of winning
capacity kuwwat 3 [kuwwa:t] n power,
capacity, rating, output kuwwaty z at
gji bolan mayn hundred horsepower
engine (sem. domains: 6.6.8.1 Working with electricity.) {physics}
capital kapital 1 [kapitail] n capital,
liquid assets dolanyyk kapitaly
circulating capital tgemen kapital
constant capital senagat kapitaly
industrial capital; patagt [pa:tagt] n
capital patagt her capital city,
metropolis Agabat Trkmenistany
patagty. Ashgabat is the capital of
Turkmenistan.
capitalist kapitalistik adj capitalist,
capitalistic kapitalistik dwletler
capitalist countries kapitalistik jemgyet
capitalist society
capricious nzli 2 adj capricious, wilful
nzli aga wilful child
captain serkerde cf: ofiser. n captain,
commander, military warlord
captive bendi n captive; esir 1 [esi:r] n
prisoner, captive Ol hem heri
aallary, esirleri bilen bile srldi. He
was also driven along with the women

49

zat
and prisoners of the city. Men sizi eda
sesiizi esiri. I'm a prisoner to your
charms.
capture ele drmek2 (comp. of el) to
capture u knek arzan hem elinjek
elime ddi. I got this dress cheaply and
easily. Esger zni dumany eline
drmejek bolup, tanky aagyna oklady.
The soldier jumped under the tank in
order not to be captured by the enemy.;
ee bolmak (comp. of ee) to capture,
gain control over Ol hkimiete ee
boldy. He captured the government.
captured eelenmek v to be captured, be
taken
car awtomobil [awtomo'bil] n car, automobile; mayn 2 [may:n] n car,
vehicle k ey lorry, Amer truck mayna
mnmek to get on/in a lorry; to get in a
car mayndan d mek to get off the
lorry; to get out of the car mayn
goulan eri car park, place for parking
one's car
car park park3 1 n car park mayn parky
car park
caravan kerwen n caravan (of camels)
Beik pek olunda her drli kerwenler
gatnapdyr. There were different kinds of
caravans on the great Silk Road.
caravanserai kerwensara n
caravanserai Tjirler uzak ola
ykanlarynda lde kerwensara
gurupdyrlar. Merchants built
caravanserai in the desert when they
went on long journeys. [An inn with
stables for horses and camels.]
carbonated gazly [ga:zly] adj carbonated,
sparkling, aerated gazly suw carbonated
water, fizzy drink, soft drink [anything
from naturally carbonated spring water
to coca cola] {colloq}
carcass l 2 n carcass solan goun li
carcass of a sheep
card bilet 2 [bi'let] n card agzalyk bileti
membership card; kart n card, playing
card Meni dostum kp wagtyny karta
onap geirr. My friend spends a lot of
time playing cards.; kartoka 1 n card
katalog kartokasy index card
cardiologist koordiolog n cardiologist

care alada cf: i. n care, worry, anxiety,

trouble, problem comp. i-alada ;
tialyk 2 cf: rezerw, ykalga, haryt,
predmet, sapak, dersi, alar, zapas,
zat. n care; garayk n care, attention
garayk etmek to support, help, take care
(of); perwa [perwa:] n care, trouble,
attention perwa etmezlik not to pay
attention; seresap [seresa:p] n care
seresap(ly) bolmak take care seresap bol!
take care, look out!; usullyk 1 n care
Tze knegimi yrtamayn diip usullyk
bilen gedim. Gyzym atyr diip gapyny
usullyk bilen adym. As my daughter was
sleeping, I opened the door carefully.
Bulgurly gutyny daynda "usullyk bilen",
dien azgy bardy. On the glass box was
a sign 'carefully'. Ana zni
dwmin diip usullyk bilen sprdm.
In order to not break the mirror, I
dusted it carefully.; usullyk 3 n care,
careful, carefully Mugallym aglap oturan
okuwy bilen usullyk bilen grleip
balady. The teacher started talking
carefully with the crying student. Elimde
uklap galan bbegimi sallanakda usullyk
bilen atyrdym. I carefully put my baby
into swing who had fallen asleep in my
hands.
carefree pikirsiz 1 adj light-hearted,
carefree, careless pikirsiz adam carefree
person
careful aladaly 2 adj careful, thoughtful;
g adj careful, watchful g bol! Be
careful!; tialy [tia:ly] adj careful
tialy hereket etmek to act carefully
tialy bolmak to be careful tialy
adam careful person; gamke adj
careful gamke adam careful person;
habardar 3 [habarda:r] adj careful,
cautious habardar bolu! take care! be
careful!
carefully aawly adv carefully; nsli adv
carefully, attentively, with
concentration nsli dilemek to listen
carefully/attentively nsli bolmak to be
considerate
careless badansowma adj careless,
negligent badansowmalyk carelessness,
negligence altany zi badansowma
eden ilerine bdrer. A lazy person's
careless work, makes him stumble.;
dertsiz adj careless, care-free, light-

badan geirmek
hearted dertsiz bolmak to be care-free;
tiasyz [tia:syz] adj careless
carelessly perwasyz [perwa:syz] adv
carelessly; carelessly, light-heartedly;
indifferently, with indifference
perwasyz garamak to treat something
indifferently/with indifference
carelessness biagyrylyk [bia:gyrylyk] n
light-heartedness, carelessness, 'no
worries'; perwasyzlyk [perwa:syzlyk]
n carelessness, light-heartedness;
indifference perwasyzlyk bilen garamak
to treat something with indifference
perwasyzlyk etmek to show one's
indifference (to)
caress hre-ke [h:re-k:e] n caress,
endearment, kindness hre-ke etmek to
caress, fondle, pet; calm, quiet, soothe
cargo k 1 n freight, cargo, load k
klemek to load up ki drmek to
unload k gmisi cargo boat, freighter
caring person aladayl n a caring person
carpenter aga ussasy (comp. of ussa)
joiner, carpenter; luthier Aal doganym
durmua ykanda aga ussa anyna
baryp onu oaran i owadan sandygyny
aldyk. When my sister got married we
went to see a carpenter and bought the
most beautiful chest. Mlik Gkje aga
ussasy, onu oaran dutarlary Mary iline
belli. Malik Gokje is a luthier and the
dutars he makes are well known to folk
in Mary.; nejar n carpenter Bibi
Meremi adamsy nejar eken. The
husband of saint Mary was a carpenter.
carpet knife keser n knife keser bilen
kesmek to cut with thread [Curved, used
in carpet-making for cutting knots.; with
a special knife, after tying a knot while
weaving a carpet]
carpet maker halyy [ha:lyy] n carpet
maker, carpet weaver
carpet pattern gl [g:l] n carpet design,
pattern
carriage wagon [wa'gon] n carriage, car
ikinji klasly wagon second class carriage
olagy wagony passanger's carriage k
wagony freight carriage asman olu
wagony cable car {train}
carriageway aoly [a:o:ly] n main
road, prospect, avenue, carriageway

50
carried gmra [gmra:] adj carried away
(by, with), keen (on) gmra bolmak to
be carried away, take a great interest
(in)
carrot kir n carrot kir ekmek to sow
carrots Palawy kiri kp bolsa, sji
bolar. Pilau is delicious when it has
many carrots.
carry daamak 1 v to pull, drag,
transport, carry, bear suw daamak to
fetch water haltalary daamak to carry
sacks el bilen daamak to carry by hand
{colloq}
carry out bitirmek 1 v to carry out, fulfil,
do (write, etc.) a oglanlar gulluk
borjuny bitirmek in harby blme
bardylar. The young men went to the
military division in order to do military
service. Ejemi sargap giden ilerini
bitirenimden so, dedularym bilen
onamaga ykdym.; geirmek 11 v to
carry out, fulfil durmua geirmek to
carry out, fulfil, bring into life badan
geirmek comp. biri-birinden geirmek
comp. bokurdakdan geirmek comp.
durmua geirmek comp. geirn
ilikler comp. gzden geirmek comp.
itden geirmek
cart araba cf: furgon. n cart, wagon at
araba horse and cart swe araba chariot
comp. el araba
cart driver arabake n cart driver
carve omak2 [o:mak] v to carve, hollow
out agajy omak to hollow out a tree
comp. gzlerini omak
case dm2 n case ei dm accusative
case {grammar}; hekel2 n leather case
for prayer book; i 3 cf: alada. n case,
cause biriniu garysyna i gozgamak to
bring an action against somebody,
instigate proceedings against somebody
{legal} comp. Bu gnki iii ert
goma! say. Galan ie gar agar comp.
i-alada ; anbukja cf: emodan. n
suitcase, case, briefcase anbukjany
dwenso, garayp durma-da ykyber.
After packing your suitcase, leave
without waiting.
cash nagt pul ( nagt) cash nagt pul bilen
tlemek to pay in cash

51

ksenmek
cashier kassay cf: gaznay. n cashier
bank kassaysy bank teller Jeren
mekdepde kassay bolup iler. Jeren
works as a cashier at school.
Caspian Hazar n Caspian Hazar dezi
Caspian Sea (sem. domains: 9.7.2.1 Names of countries.)
cassette kasseta n cassette tape, taperecording, tape Biz toumyzy
kassetasyny itirdik. We have lost the
tape of our wedding-party.
cast sowurmak 2 v to cast
castle sara 1 n castle, palace
castrate bimek2 v to castrate, geld

cat piik n cat piik agasy kitten comp.

aga piigi gni aly aamak comp. it
bilen piik aly bolup aamak comp.
piik basyyny etmek comp. piik
uwnuyny etmek
catapult a 2 [a:] n catapult, slingshot
catastrophe
catch duzaga salmak (comp. of salmak)
v to catch; gapmak 1 v to catch topy
gapmak to catch the ball gapyp almak to
catch say. De kegini gowy
grse,hem deper, hem gapar say. De
kegini gowy grse,hem deper, hem
gapar comp. gzi gapmak comp.
sesii gapmak ; penj salmak (comp. of
penje) v to catch; tutmak 1 v to catch,
grab, touch at tutyp agyrmak to call
someone's name and invite gz nde
tutulmak be considered comp. tutmak
tutmak
catch cold sowuklamak v to have a cold,
catch a cold
catch up aak gomak (comp. of aak)
to march in step; to catch up with
someone (learn the ropes) aak alaa
barefoot
catch-up etmek 4 v to catch up, reach
yzyndan etmek to catch up; overtake
category kategoria [kata'goria] cf:
dereje. n category kategoriasyny
bellemek to define the category of
something at kategoriasy noun category
{grammar}
cathedral ybadathana 3 [yba:datha:na] n
cathedral, church {Christian}

Catholic katolik [ka'tolik] n (Roman)

Catholic Pasha baramyny bellemge
katolik ybadathanasyna kp adamlar
ygnandylar. Many people gathered in
the Catholic cathedral to celebrate the
Easter holiday.
Caucasian kawkaz n Caucasian Kawkaz
halky rn gaharja halk. Caucasian
people are very agressive. (sem.
domains: 4.1.2 - Types of people.)
cauldron gazan [ga:zan] n cauldron bir
gazan palaw one cauldron plow gazan
atarmak to strat cooking [large cooking
pot (generally used outside)]
cause bahana n cause, reason, excuse,
pretext, grounds bir bahana bilen under/
on the pretext of az aynda bahana
bilen joralarymy alyp gk medana
ykdyk. During spring my female friends
and I had a good reason to go to a
meadow (for a picnic). Bir i bilen here
baranymda, bahana bilen babamlara
myhmanylyga bardym. When I went to
town for something, I had the pretext of
going to see my grandfather's family.
Nurgeldi ekskursia gidende, bahana bilen
gm mnp grdi. When Nurgeldi went
on an excursion he had an excuse for
experiencing a boat trip.; etmek 8 v to
cause Kesel onu bayna etdi. Disease
caused his death.
cause to fall gayrmak 2 v to cause to
fall, shake down almany urup gayrmak
to hit an apple so it falls off comp. bir
he gayrmak comp. boun gayrmak
comp. ynjalygyny gayrmak
cause to overflow jodurmak 1 v to
make something overflow, cause
something to overflow
cause trouble ksemek 1 cf: ksenmek.
v to cause trouble (to), to trouble, make
somebody suffer, make somebody worry
Diana olary puluny wagtynda bermn,
olary bir alap ksedi Diana made them
worry for a month, because she did not
give them their money back on time Bu
kesel Maraly bir alap ksedi This disease
made Maral suffer for a month
caution tia [tia:] n caution, care,
carefulness, fear tia in to be on the
safe side, in case tia etmek to be
afraid (of), fear tiajy elden bermezlik to

aryny jgini gorjamak

be careful; usullyk 2 n caution Agyr
ki usullyk bilen drdiler. A heavy
burden was carefully unloaded. Gije
agy aganda mayny haal hem usullyk
bilen srmeli. When it rains at night, you
have to drive your car slowly and
carefully. Tanamaan adamlary bilen
usullyk bilen grlemeli. With people you
don't know well you must speak
carefully. Saa sepiln enjamlarda
"usullyk bilen, angyna howply" dilip
belgi bar. On accessories for hair there is
a sign saying, 'Careful, can catch fire'.
Saa sepiln enjamlarda "usullyk bilen,
angyn howply" dilip belgi bar. On
accessories for hair there is a sign
saying, 'Careful, can catch fire'.
cave gowak 2 n cave, den
caviar ibil n caviar bekre ibili sturgeon
caviare
cavil yrsaramak [yrsa:ramak] v to cavil
(at), to carp (at), to nag, to find fault
(with), to complain persistently biderek
zat in yrsaramak to carp at nothing Ol
her bir sze yrsaraar. He cavils at every
word.
cease dimek 2 [di:mek] v to become
silent, stop, cease Harasat didi. The
torrent stopped. Keden geln gohgalmagal birden didi. The noise which
comes from the street suddenly
stopped. Adyp duran magnitofon zzinden didi. The tape-recorder stopped
of its own accord.
ceiling potolok [pata'lok] n ceiling beik
potolokly high-ceilinged pes potolokly
low-ceilinged
celebrate bellemek 2 v to celebrate,
remember, mark the occasion Doglan
gnmi bellemek in dogan-garyndalary
agyrdym. I invited my relatives so as to
celebrate my birthday.; tolamak v to
celebrate To tolasyn! May the
celebrations be wonderful!
celebration dabara 1 n celebration,
festivity, feast magala dabarasy family
celebration
cell gabawhana 1 [ga:bawha:na] n prison
cell Polis ony tutup gabawhana saldy. The
police arrested him and placed him in a
cell; jk 2 n cell beni jkleri brain

52
cells {biology} comp. aryny jgini
gorjamak comp. belany jgi
cellar er zemin n cellar Olar birne
yllap er zeminde aapdyrlar. They had
lived in a cellar for several years.
cemetery gabrystan [gabrysta:n] n
cemetery, graveyard, burial-ground;
gonamylyk [go:namylyk] n to
cemetery, graveyard, burial ground,
mosque-yard; mazarystan
[maza:rysta:n] cf: mazarlyk. n
cemetery Adamlar kplen tomusda
mazarystana zyarat edrler. People
visit to cemetery often in summer.;
wl 1 n cemetery, graveyard
central asyl1 2 adj original, core, central,
main asyl many central meaning
Central Asia Orta Azia [orta a:zya] n
Central Asia Agabat Orta Aziany
merjeni hasaplanar. Ashgabat is
concidered as the pearl of Central Asia.
(sem. domains: 9.7.2.2 - Names of
regions.)
centre merkez 1 n centre her merkezi
town centre senagat merkezi industrial
estate, industrial centre merkezde
aamak to live in the centre {Brit}
comp. tweregi merkezi comp. ns
merkezinde bolmak ; merkezi adj
centre, central, main heri merkez
keleri central/main streets of a city
merkezi ylady sistemasy central heating
system merkezi nerw sistemasy central
nervous system Merkezi Komitet Central
Committee; rek 4 n centre, heart
comp. ak rek comp. arslan rek
comp. d rek comp. rege dmek
comp. rege dwmek comp. rege
jk bolmak comp. regi aty kellesi
aly comp. regi bire baglamak comp.
regi uka comp. regini iirmek
comp. regini armak comp. regi
agzya gelmek comp. regi bulanmak
comp. regi gysmak comp. regi
mkldemek comp. regi erine
gelmek comp. rek awamak comp.
rek bermek comp. rek da
baglamak
centre_of
century asyr n century
certain number of pylana [pyla:na] adj
a certain number of... , several, some

53

proekt
pylana gn several days pylana adam
gelse if a certain number of people
come...
certainly
certificate ahadatnama 2
[aha:datna:ma] n certificate, license
srjilik ahadatnama driving license
chaff harpyk n chaff, husks pagta igidini
harpygy husks of cotton seeds; arma
[a:rma] n chaff arma twi rice chaff
chain zlpe n door chain, latch, catch,
bolt gapyny zlpi door chain, latch of a
door gapyny zlpini ildirmek to chain
the door, to latch the door; zynjyr n
chain zynjyr bilen damak to chain, to
tie with a chain iti zynjyryndan boatmak
to unchain a dog Dostum aalyny otuz
ayna altyn zynjyr sowgat etdi. My
friend gave golden chain as a gift to his
wife of her 30th birthday.
chair oturgy cf: stul. n chair oturgyda
oturmak to sit on a chair; stul cf:
oturgy. n chair
chairman olbay 3 [o:lbay] cf:
direktor. n chairman ygnagy
olbaysy sz szledi. Chairman spoke
his speech.
chairmanship balyklyk n chairmanship,
presidency (of a council) Tze golan
balyk, balyklyk wezipesini gowy erine
etirr. The newly appointed boss
carries out his chairmanship duties well.
chalk hek 1 n chalk hek bilen azmak to
write with a piece of chalk
champion esger 2 n champion, specialist,
someone who struggles on behalf of a
cause edebiatyn esgeri a specialist in the
field of literature
change bleklemek 1 [b:leklemek] v to
change, split 10,000 manat bleklemek
To split a 10,000 manat note.;
alyrmak 2 v to change eik alyrmak
too change one's clothing; alyrynmak
v to change one's clothes uwnanydan
so alyrynmak gerek. After you wash
you need to change your clothes.;
alymak 2 v to change, buy a new
maynyy alymak to buy a "new" car
Men telefonymy alydym. I changed my
phone.; ekdirmek 2 v to change jhek
ekdirmek to change someone's

perspective; gatargy 3 n change

gatargy bermek to give (someone)
change Gatargy gerek dl. Keep the
change.; zgeri n change uly zgeriler
great changes dpli zgeriler radical
changes; zgermek cf: zgertmek. v to
change agda zgedi. The situation has
changed. Onu zi-gzi zgerdi. His
expression changed.; tgemek 1 cf:
tgetmek. v to change Durmuymyz
btinle tgedi. Our life has completely
changed.; tgeiklik 2 n change,
amendment tgeiklik girizmek to make
changes; tgeme n change, addition,
supplement tgeme girizmek to make
changes nmilige tgeme girizmek to
make changes in productivity sungata
tgeme getirmek to make changes in art
Bizi durmuymyzda tgeme ok. there
is no change in our life; tgetmek cf:
tgemek. v to change beren waday
tgetmek to change your promise
pikirii tgetmek to change one's mind
change into wrlmek 1 v to turn,
change, turn into saga wrlmek to turn
right brik wrlmek turn towards aryk
wrlmek turn away Ol yzyna wrldi.
He turned back. comp. dili
wrlmezlik
changeable belli bir mekany ok (comp.
of mekan) changeable, someone who
keeps changing his mind
changed tgedilmek 1 v to be changed,
to be reformed Jay daky grni
tgedilipdir. Wokzaly ii tgedilipdir.
channel akdyrmak 1 v to let something
flow, let something run, channel (a
stream) Dahan kl suwuny pese
akdyrdy. The farm worker channelled
the pond's water downhill.; bogaz1 1 n
channel, gulf, strait Geografia
sapagynda Bering bogazyny kartada
tapanlygym in mugallym meni sgdi. In
Geography my teacher told me off for
not being able to find the Bering Straits
on a map.; geelge n channel, crossing,
(under)pass pyadalar in geelge
pedestrian crossing demir ol geelgesi
railroad crossing dag geelgesi mountain
channel gk geelge Green Channel (i.e.
at customs); programma 3 cf:
maksatnama, proekt. n channel birinji
programma channel one {TV or radio}

hsiet
chaotic tertipsiz adj chaotic, lacking
discipline, lacking order
chapter bap 1 [ba:p] n chapter Kitap gowy
bolsa, birinji bapdan gyzykly okalar. If a
book is good the first chapter reads
well.
character gylyk 1 cf: hsiet. n
character, temper, disposition comp.
gylygy ge dl comp. gylyk-hsiet
comp. wrenilen gylyk rklese hem
durmaz. ; gylyk-hsiet 1 (comp. of
gylyk, hsiet) character hsieti gowy
adam good man, a man of good
behaviour; hsiet cf: gylyk. n
character, nature, nature, trait,
personality aman hsiet bad character
comp. gylyk-hsiet comp. h-hsiet ;
h-hsiet (comp. of hsiet) n
character
characteristic mahsus [mahsu:s] adj
characteristic (of), inherent (in) trkmen
diline mahsus bolan aratynlyklar the
pecularities characteristic of the
turkmen language comp. aallara
mahsus agdada
charcoal gor [go:r] n charcoal, coals
charge tleg 1 cf: wznos. n charge, fee,
bill
chargeable muzdly cf: tlegli. adj
chargeable, requiring payment Bizde
hemme zat muzdly. All is chargeable in
us.
charity hr n charity, alms comp.
hr-zekat ; hr-zekat [hrzeka:t] (comp. of hr) n charitable
giving, charity hr bermek to give
alms; zekat [zeka:t] n charity, alms,
dole, handout Girdejini on gterimini
zekat bermek bizi her birimiz in parz
bolup durar. To give ten persent of
income as charity is duty for each of us.
[1 in 40 of one's income is to be given
to the poor] (sem. domains: 4.9 Religion.) {religious}
charm alaja [a:laja] n charm; doga 3
[doga:] n charm, spell doga etmek to
charm, put a spell on Ogulnzik
oldayna erap imez aly doga etdi.
Ogulnazik put a charm on her husband
to stop him drinking wine.

54
charmed mayl1 [ma:yl] adj charmed,
fascinated mayl bolmak to be charmed/
fascinated
charpai arpaa [a:rpa:a] n charpai
arpaa galmak to rear up [A woodenframed bed popular in Asia.]
chase kjesine mnmek (comp. of
mnmek) to run (after), give chase
Polis ogryny kjesine mndi. The police
gave chase to the thief.
chatter lakgyldy adj chatter, twaddle
ugursyz lakgyldy pointless nonsense;
samahyllamak v to chatter, talk
nonsense, drivel, talk rubbish biderek
samahyllamak to talk nonsense
chatter-box lakgy n babbler, chatter-box,
prattler Onu ogly gaty lakgy, kp grlp
kellmi agyrtdy. His son is babbler, he
talked much and made me headache.
chauffer ofor [o'por, af'or] confer:
srji; cf: srji. n chauffeur, driver
cheap arzan [arza:n] adj cheap,
inexpensive Ysmanak tomusda arzan.
Spinach is cheap in the summer.
cheaper arzanlamak [arza:nlamak] v to
become cheaper, fall in price, reduce in
price
cheapness arzanylyk [arza:nylyk] n
cheapness, low price
cheat kezzap [kezza:p] n liar, cheat,
swindler, rogue, scoundrel Ol alanydy
hem kezzapdy He was a liar and a cheat
check alabeder 2 [a:labeder] adj check
alabeder knek check shirt; barlamak 1
[ba:rlamak] v to check, verify, test,
examine Barlap gr! Check this! opan
mallary saglygyny barlamak in mal
doktoryny agyrdy. The shepherd called
the vet to examine the health of his
animals. Bu soragy seni barlamak in
berdim. I gave this question to you to
test you.; elden geirmek (comp. of el)
to check Okuwylary depderlerindki
ilerini elden geirdim. I checked the
homework in the pupils' notebooks.;
kt2 2 n check kt bermek to put the
king in check kt we atdy checkmate
check up barlag 1 [ba:rlag] n check-up,
examination, control(s) serhetdki barlag
border controls Swdadan so galan
harydy barlag etdik. After the day's

55

bala
selling was over the remaining goods
were checked.
check-in registrasia [regi'strasia] cf:
hasaba almak. n check-in registrasia
etmek to check-in registrasia gemek to
get past baggage-check registrasia
balamak for baggage-check to begin
{airport}
cheek ekge n cheek ekge ski cheekbone {anatomy}; duluk n cheek
dulugyna urmak to give someone a slap
in the face Gyzymy sowuga dulugy
gyzarypdyr. My daughters cheek has
been reddened by the cold. Kasym
gaharyna Kadyry duluguna urdy. Kasym
was angry and gave Kadyr a slap in the
face. Maral Shbedi arpyldadyp,
dulugyna urdy. Maral slapped Sohbet's
cheek.; aak n cheek al aaklar rosy
cheeks al aakly gyz rosy-cheeked girl,
, pink-cheeked girl
cheerful kk1 adj cheerful, happy, in a
good mood kepi kk bolmak to be in a
good mood; mes 1 adj merry; cheerful
chemical himiki adj chemical himiki
element chemical element himiki birleme
chemical compound himiki usulda
arassalama dry-cleaning
chemistry himia ['himia] n chemistry
himia kabineti chemistry laboratory
cheque ek 2 cf: baha. n cheque, check
ek depderesi cheque book tleg ekini
almak
cherish apalamak [a:pa:lamak] v to
cherish
cherry lje n cherry lje mrepbesi cherry
jam {sour}
chess-player kti n chess player Meni
doganym ktleri arasynda i kdesi.
My brother is the best chess-player.
chest d [d:] n chest, breast dne
basmak to embrace d gapyrgalary ribs
Mal soulanda birinji bilen bagyr-ken
bilen d gapyrgalary biirilr. When the
herd is slaughterd, the liver, lungs and
ribs are cooked first. Syrkawy dkletkasyny rentgen suratyna drdiler.
They carried out a chest X-ray of the
patient. de orden dakmak pin a
medal on your chest. d germek to puff
out the chest D gerip uly geplemekden

baga Batyry ii ok. Batyr did nothing

but puff out his chest and boast. (sem.
domains: 2.1 - Body.) comp. de
urmak
chest of drawers ifoner [ifa'ne:r] n
chest of drawers
chew enemek 1 v to chew sakgy
enemek to chew chewing-gum
chicken jje n chick, chicken, young
chicken Bizi her towugymyz 10-12 sany
jje ykardy. Each of our hens hatched
10-12 chickens. jje ykarmak to hatch
chickens jjni gz sanaarys don't
count your chickens before they are
hatched Balyk dahanlara jjni gz
sanakajdygyny atdy. The boss said to
the farmers don't count your chickens
before they are hatched.; towuk n
chicken, hen hindi towugi turkey
chicken pox garamyk particle chicken
pox (sem. domains: 2.5.2 - Disease.) say.
garamyk zni bag saar
child bala [ba:la] cf: aga. n child, kid
'Meni eziz balam!' diip enem serdi.
My mother used to show her love for
me by saying, 'My dear child'. {slg};
aga [a:ga] cf: bala. n child (and older
baby) a aga young child aga
dogrulan maternity home aga aly
like a child, childish agalar bagy
nursery school, kindergarten agalar
namak in edilen er children's
playground
childhood agalyk [a:galyk] n childhood
Bu adamy agalygy kynylykdan doludy.
This man's childhood was full of
hardships.; oglanlyk n childhood Olar
oglanlykdan tany. They know each
other from the childhood.
childless zratsyz [zra:tsyz] adj
childless Grogly ady belli bolsa-da,
dnden zrtsyz tpdir. Gorogly
passed away from this world childless
even if he was famous.
children gyz-oglan 1 [gy:z-oglan] (comp.
of gyz, oglan) n children, youth, young
people; gyz-oglan 2 [gy:z-oglan]
(comp. of gyz, oglan) n children, youth,
young people; ogul-gyz [ogul-gy:z] n
children, kids, descendents Onu ogulgyzy ok. He has no children. {plural}

alkymyna smek
chilli ajy bur [a:jy bur] n chilli pepper;
gyzyl bur (comp. of bur1) chilli, chilli
pepper, cayenne pepper
chimney turba 2 n chimney
chin alkym n to pick a quarrel with
someone comp. alkymyna smek
comp. alkymyndan almak ; eek 1 n
chin Ol elini eegine diredi. He put his
chin in his hands. eek ski chin bone
Ol duran bir eek. He is quite talkative.
z eegie tutmak to do just what you
said eegine ja dakylan aly to speak
without stopping; tumuk n chin
China Hyta n China (sem. domains:
9.7.2.1 - Names of countries.)
Chinaman hyta 1 n Chinese man,
Chinaman hyta aaly Chinese, the
Chinese woman (sem. domains: 4.1.2 Types of people.)
Chinese ynmayn adj Chinese (sem.
domains: 4.1.2 - Types of people.);
hyta 2 adj Chinese hyta dili Chinese,
the Chinese language (sem. domains:
3.5.3 - Language.)
chink y n chink, crack Potolokda y
grnr. There is a crack on the ceiling.
chip uurmak 5 v to chip, make fly off
Gorkyma elimdki negi gayryp onu
gulpuny uurdym. In my fear I dropped
the teapot and the handle flew off.
a gapagyny batly aamda, agzyny
uurdym. I broke off a bottle neck while
being too forceful in opening the cap.
Aga ussa oaryp oturan dutaryndan aga
onugalaryny uurmajak bolup, usullyk
bilen ileardi. The carpenter worked
carefully while making a dutar in order
not to spread wood chips around. Aga
ussa oaryp oturan dutaryndan aga
onugalaryny uurmajak bolup, usullyk
bilen ilerdi. The carpenter worked
carefully while making a dutar in order
not to spread wood chips around.
gapagyny batly aamda, agzyny
uurdym. I broke off a bottle neck while
being too forceful in opening the cap.
Syraly bedrni gayryp, syrasyny
uurdym. A piece of enamel chipped off
the bucket when I dropped it. comp.
baydan huuny uurmak comp. sz
uurmak
chisel omak1 2 [o:mak] n chisel

56
chocolate okolad [oko'lad] n chocolate
choice salantgy adj choice, better, best,
special, vintage
choir hor1 n choir, chorus

choke bogulmak 1 v to choke, suffocate,

pant, be strangled (by), gasp (for
chonology milady [mila:dy] n Christian
chronology milady yly Christian
chronology
choose salamak v to choose, select ze
hnr salap almak to choose one's
profession Gurbannazar Ezizowy
Salanan eserleri. Gurbannazar
Ezizow's "Selected works".; semek 2 v
to choose
chop apmak1 1 v to chop, cut, split aga
apmak to chop wood; dogramak v to
slice, chop, cut up Dograma dogramak
in barymyz bir saagy bayna dik.
We all gathered together around one
tablecloth to prepare dograma. Salada
pomidory, hyary, kelemi, sogany mada
dogradym. I chopped tomato, cucumber,
cabbage, and onion into small pieces for
salad. ; kerelemek v to chop, cut into
small pieces Gije mjek gounlary
kerelp talapdyr. The wolf cut the
sheep into small pieces at night.
chose
Christian haparaz n Christian; hristian
n Christian; mesihi [mesi:hi] n
Christian Bizi urdumyzda Isa ynanan
mesihiler bar. There are christians in our
country who follows Jesus.
Christianity haparazlyk cf: hristianlyk.
n Christianity; hristianlyk cf:
haparazlyk. n Christianity
Christmas tree tze yl arasy (comp. of
ara) Christmas tree [If people
celebrate with a fir tree, they probably
celebrate New Year's Eve, which was a
popular festival during Soviet times.]
chronology sene 1 n system of
chronology, chronology, era
chuck out zymak 2 v to throw away,
throw out kne-klleri zymak to
throw out old clothes/old things
{rubbish} comp. telpegii gge zymak

57

klassyk
churn amak1 2 [a:mak] cf:
aylmak. v to churn Sdi ayp, ag
alarlar. Churning milk, they take
butter.
chuwal uwal 2 n chuwal - a unit for
measuring flour, grain, etc.
cigarette ilim n cigarette; hookah,
hubble-bubble
cilantro kinza 2 [ki:nza] n cilantro {col}
cinema kinoteatr (comp. of kino) cinema
circle wrm 2 n circle wrm etmek to
make a circle, move making a circle;
tigirlik n circle
circuit alaw 1 n circuit, lap Okuwylar
stadionda bir alaw etdiler. The students
ran one lap around the stadium.
circular tegelek adj circular tegelek stol
circular table
circulation dolanyyk 1 n circulation,
movement, traffic dolanyyga gobermek
to put into circulation/operation Pul
dolanyygy halky stnden alanar.
Money is circulated as people move
around.
circumcise snnetlemek v to circumcise
circumcision snnet 1 n circumcision
snnet etmek to circumcise snnet to
celebration after circumcision
circumstances sreda n circumstances,
medium, environment comp. daky
sreda
circus sirk [sirk] n circus
citizen raat 1 [ra:at] cf: gradan. n
citizen, subject Sen hasy dwleti
raaty? Trkmenistany raaty; herli n
citizen (of a town), city-dweller,
someone who lives in city; watanda n
fellow countryman Ol meni
watandaym. He's from the same country
as me.
city her 1 n city, town men here barjak
I'm going to go into town
civil gradan 2 [gra'dan] cf: raat. adj
civil, civic gradanlary borjy civil rights
gradan kodeksi civic code gradan ury
civil war; gradanlyk cf: raatlyk. adj
civil, civilian, civic gradanlyk hukuklary
civil rights gradanlyk hukugy civil law
gradanlyk ury civil war; raatlyk 2
[ra:atlyk] cf: gradanlyk. adj civil,

civilian, civic raatlyk hukuklary civil

rights raatlyk hukugy civil law raatlyk
ury civil war
clan kowum 2 n clan, people, tribe
Trkmenler kp drli kowumlara
blnr. Turkmen people are separated
into many different clans. comp.
kowum-garynda ; urug [uru:g] n clan
Ol igler urugyna degili. He belongs to the
Ig clan. [everyone in the same urug has
one identifiable common ancestor]
clansman kowumda n fellow-clansman,
fellow-tribesman, relative (within an
extended family) Ol meni kowumdaym.
She is my fellow-clansman. [Seven
generations define one clan]
clap arpmak v to clap
clarify adyladyrmak
[a:dyladyrmak] v to clarify, specify,
define more exactly, clear up
clarity aanlyk 2 [aa:nlyk] n clarity
clash akymak 2 v to clash, have a
violent encounter
clasp oneself gysylmak 2 cf: darykmak.
v to clasp oneself, press oneself diwara
gysylmak to hug oneself to the wall
class klas cf: synp. n class, form ikinji klas
okuwysy second form pupil, second
former klas olbaysy form master klas
tagtasy blackboard birinji klasly srji
first class driver sdemdirijiler klasy
mammals' class {biology}; magala 3 n
class sdemdirijiler magalasy mammals,
the mammal class {biology}
classic klassyk cf: nusgawy. adj classic,
classical klassyk azyjy classical writer;
nusgawy [nusga:wy] cf: klassyk. adj
classic Magtymguly bizi nusgawy
ahyrymyz. Magtymguly is our classic
poet.
classmate klasda n classmate, someone
in the same class Meni klasdaym
ministr boldy. My classmate became a
minister.
claw dyrnaak 1 n claw (of an animal),
nail; dyrnak 2 n claw, talon brgdi
dyrnagy the talon of an eagle Piigim
dyrnagy bilen haly zni dyrmaar. My
cat is scratching the carpet with its
claws. Kedki it hem arypdyr hem

aklamak
dyrnagy bilen dyrnaaklapdyr. The street
dog bit and scratched.
clay la2 1 [la:] n clay kerpi in la clay
for bricks la taarlamak to knead clay;
ykgy n clay; toun n clay
clean agartmak 2 [a:gartmak] cf:
aklamak. v clean Sirke glakany
agardar. Vinegar cleans a traditional
brooch.; arassa 1 adj clean; good; pure
Iimlik suw arassa bolmaly. Drinking
water must be clean. arassa den
dokalan pure wool (knitted) arassa altyn
pure gold arassa howa clean air arassa
asman clear sky; arassalamak v to
clean, refine, brush; peel, scrape pile
arassalamak to clean silkworm cocoons
(in preparation for making thread); glprk adj clean, neat, tidy Otagy ii
gl-prk The room is clean and tidy.;
kirsiz adj clean onu kirsiz ak regi
bardy. he had clean white heart; pk 1
adj clean pk z clean face comp. pk
rekden ; pkize [pki:ze] adj clean,
neat, tidy pkize geinmek to dress well;
saplamak2 1 [sa:plamak] v to clean,
sort, cleanse, purify, refine spirti
saplamak to purify spirit
cleaned arassalanmak v to be cleaned, be
refined
cleaner arassalajy n cleaner, refinery
pagta arassalajy zawod cotton refining
plant; sprji n cleaner tam sprji
cleaner
cleaning rod ybyk 2 [y:byk] n cleaning
rod tpe ybygy a rifle's cleaning rod
cleanliness arassaylyk 1 n cleanliness,
cleanness, neatness jemgyetilik
arassaylygy public cleanliness
cleansed dklmek 6 v to be cleansed,
forgiven, disappear Mi ldrse, gn
dklr. If you kill a spider, your sin is
forgiven.
clear ayk 2 adj clear ayk asman clear
sky {sky}; aramak v to clear away;
ardynjyramak v to clear one's throat;
aan [aa:n] adj clear, understood aan
bolmak become clear Onu pikiri maa
aan boldy. It became clear to me what
he was thinking. aan etmek to make
clear, reveal; ady 2 [a:dy] adj clear
Onu alanydygy adan sznden ady
grnp dur. It is clear through his speech

58
that he is a liar. ady pikir clear
meaning; ayl-sayl adj clear ayl-sayl
bolmak to be clear, become clear aylsayl etmek to distinguish, differ, make
out; dury adj clear, pure, transparent,
limpid, pellucid ana aly dury as clear
as glass dury suw clear water Bakal
klni suwy dury hem sji. The water
of lake Baykal is clear and sweet. u gn
seil baga gitmek in howa dury. Today
the weather is clear to go for a walk.
dury pikir clear thoughts Lelini zini
reki dury,arawsyzlygyny alamatlary
okdy. The complexion of Leylys face
was clear, she did not have any sign of
sickness. dury gzler bright eyes regi
gowy adamy gzleri dury bolar. People
with a sincere heart have bright eyes.
Krantdan akan suw ana aly dury. The
water running from the tap is as clear as
glass. Asman dury, eke bulut hem okdy.
The sky is clear and cloudless.; mesemlim adj clear, obvious mese-mlim
bolmak to be clear/obvious mese-mlim
duulmak to instinctively feel (that);
mlim adj clear, obvious, known
mkian zat clear thing mlim etmek to
inform, let somebody know size
mlimmi? do you know? mlim boly
aly as is well known maa mlim
boluna gr as far as I know comp. zznden mlim zat
clever akgan adj clever, crafty; dbi cf:
dgr. adj quick-witted, sharp, bright,
shrewd, clever dbi aga bright child
dbi bolmak to be quick-witted; iti 4
adj clever, bright, sharp comp. iti
zehinli comp. iti-iti
cleverness itilik 4 n cleverness, quickwittedness akyly itiligi quickwittedness
client mderi n client, customer; buyer,
purchaser Mderini arzan soramaga
haky bar. Purchaser has right to ask
cheap.; sargyty cf: zakazy. n client;
zakazy cf: sargyty. n customer, client
Zakazylary islegini kanagatlandyrmaly.
The will of customers should be
satisfied.
cliff gaa n precipice, cliff
climb ykmak 2 v to climb, go up, ascend
daga ykmak to climb a mountain comp.

59

juldan ykmak
aradan ykan bolup ykmak comp.
atdan ykmak
clinic poliklinika [po'liklinika] n clinic,
surgery, out-patients' [The system does
not correspond exactly to that in the
West. All patients register at a clinic,
which is responsible for making sure
innoculations are carried out etc. There
is, however, no such thing as a general
practitioner.]
cloak rtnje n cloak, cape rtnje
atynmak to cloak, cover with a cloak,
put on a cloak; apynja 1 n cloak, cape,
tippet, manlet egnie apynja almak to
put a cloak on one's shoulder
clock sagat1 1 [sa:gat] n clock, watch
goar sagady wrist-watch sagada tow
bermek to wind a watch, a clock sagat
de barar the watch, the clock is fast
clog up bitmek 4 v to become obstructed/
cluttered (with something), clog up
Turba posdan bitipdir. The pipe clogged
up with rust. comp. aak bit comp. dil
bitmek comp. dieni bitmek
close ekmek1 11 [ekmek] v to close,
shut, cover organ ekmek comp. ah
ekmek comp. ahmyr ekmek comp.
aak ekmek comp. ejir ekmek comp.
el ekmek comp. gam ekmek comp.
hasrat ekmek comp. hor ekmek comp.
jeza ekmek comp. kep ekmek comp.
kynylyk ekmek comp. nala ekmek
comp. zhmet ekmek ; dymyk 1 adj
close, stuffy, humid, airless, muggy Bu
eri dymyk. It is stuffy in here. dymyk
howa humid weather dymyk otag stuffy
room Tamy ii dymyk dem alar aly dl.
The room is stuffy and airless. Gn
gyzyp balady howa-da dymyk. The sun
rose and the weather was humid. Dymyk
howada arawsyz adamlara dem almana
kyn bolar. It is difficult for sick people
to breath in humid weather. dymyk
sesler muffled sound; gapyk adj close
Garagy gapykmy? Are your eyes
closed?; ysnyykly adj close, intimate
ysnyykly dostluk close/intimate
friendship ysnyykly arabaglanyyk close
connection Ysnyykly arabaglanyykda
bolmak kp derde derman. To have close
relations is the cure for a lot of
diseases.; apmak 5 cf: apymak. v to

close, finish ygnagy apmak to close a

meeting comp. gol apmak comp.
Tamdyra gyzanda ap. ; ummak v to
close, shut gzi ummak close one's
eyes; to die Ol dneden arkayn gzni
umup gitdi. He died with relief. comp.
gz ummak
close down apmak 4 cf: apymak. v to
close down, shut down zawody apmak
to liquidate a plant comp. gol apmak
comp. Tamdyra gyzanda ap.
closed apyk 1 adj closed, shut apyk
mejlis closed meeting
closely jebis adv in earnest, strongly,
closely, in close relationships gapyny
jebis apmak to close a door tightly,
board up a door Bizi halkymyz jebis
aaar. Our people live in close
relationships.
cloth mata [mata:] n cloth, fabric pek
matalar silks nah mata cotton fabric;
para1 n material, fabric, cloth pek
para silk cloth
clothe gedirmek 1 v to put something
on someone, dress, clothe someone
agany egin-eigini gedirmek to put on
child's clothes {colloq}
clothes egin-eik n clothes egin-eigii
ykarmak to undress, take off one's
clothes egin-eigii arassalamak to clean
clothes; eginba n clothes, garments
eginba asylan ja wardrobe (piece of
furniture); esbap 3 [esba:p] n clothes,
attire, apparel to esbaplary wedding
clothes ok-arag esbaplary attire of
weapon; eik n clothes, clothing Eigii
alyr! Change your clothes! eigii
ykarmak to undress, take off one's
clothes tze eik new clothes iki eik
night clothes daky eikler out clothes
aty eigi the clothes of horse; geim n
clothes, clothing, dress iki geim
underwear, underclothes harby geim
uniform aga geimi children's clothes
erkekleri geimi men's clothes; st-ba
n clothes st-bayy hapalamak to soil
one's clothes Sen st-baya seret. look at
your clothes
clothing jul 2 n clothing, dress juluy
tzelemek to buy a new dress comp.
juldan ykmak

ajal donyny gemek

cloud bulut n cloud Asmandaky pagta aly
ak bulutlary synlamany halaan. I like
watching the clouds that look like
cotton go by. Gn buludy aharsyndan
ykanda eri zi agtylyp gitdi.;
gaplamak 2 [ga:plamak] v to cloud
over Asmany bulut gaplady. The sky had
clouded over.
cloud over brelmek v cloud over Dag
buluda brelipdir. The mountain had
clouded over.
clown masgarabaz [masgaraba:z] n
clown, fool, buffoon, jester, mocker Bu
oglany tanar aly dl, bir masgarabazy
bar. It can not know this boy, he is like
clown.
club klub n club Bizi mekdebimizde gyzlar
kluby bar. There is a girls' club in our
school.
clumsy emelsiz adj lacking in skill,
clumsy
cluster hoa1 [ho:a] n cluster, bunch (of
grapes) zm hoasy bunch of grapes
cluster of shoots gmik n cluster of
shoots, new growth
coach repetitor n coach repetitor bolup
ilemek to work as a coach
coal, charcoal kmr n coal, charcoal;
embers; carbon da kmr coal gour
kmr lignite aga kmri charcoal kmr
gazyjy coal-miner, collier kmr tury
carbonate kmr tury gaz carbonic acid
gas (sem. domains: 1.2.3 - Solid, liquid,
gas.)
coast gyra 2 n coast, shore, bank dezi
gyrasy seashore
coat don 1 [do:n] n long coat, robe
gyrmyzy don red robe lenn igit
egnine gyrmyzy don, bayna ak silkme
telpek, aagyna anagon dik gedi. The
groom wore a crimson robe, a white
hat, and long boots. [traditionally worn
by men in Central Asia] comp. ajal
donyny gemek comp. dony biilmek
comp. gara donly bolmak ; palto
[pal'to] n coat palto gemek to put on a
coat (sem. domains: 5.3 - Clothing.)
{knee-length winter coat}; possun n
sheepskin coat

60
cock horaz n cock, rooster horaz jje
cockerel, young cock horaz kekeji
cockscomb horaz ury cock-fighting
cockroach garasaaky n cockroach,
black-beetle; saaky n cockroach,
black-beetle
cocoon pile [pi:le] n cocoon pile sotrlamak
to sort cocoon pile sortlajylar cocoon
sorters pile arassalamak to clean cocoons
(in preparation for making thread) pile
saramak
coffee kofe n coffee kofe imek to have
some coffee kofe ganadylan gap coffee
percolator
coffin tabyt [ta:byt] n coffin, bier tabydy
gtermek to carry a coffin
cognitive aly 2 adj cognitive
co-heir
coil klterlemek v to coil, wind up pi
klterlemek to coil a rope
coin ay n coin; tee1 1 n (silver) coin
cold igremek v to grow (slightly) cold
Gzne howa igrp balaar. In
autumn the weather begins to turn
cold.; sowuk 1 adj cold
colic sanjy 1 n colic, gripes, pain sanjy
dremek for a colic to appear
collaboration hyzmatdalyk n cooperation, collaboration akyn
hyzmatdalykda in close collaboration
collapse dagamak 2 v to fall down,
collapse, fall out, be destroyed Ja
dagady. The house fell down. Seljuk
imperiasy X111 asyrda dagady. The
Seljuk empire collapsed in the 13th
century. ; ykylmak 1 v to collapse, fall
down, fall over, become destroyed, be
demolished, be wrecked, be ruined Ja
ykylypdyr. The house has fallen into
ruin. comp. aagyna ykylmak comp.
glp, kese ykylmak
collar ezenek n collar ezeneginden tutmak
to take by the scruff of the neck, to
collar; hamyt [ha:myt] n collar, harness
(of a horse); aka n collar, neckband
knegi akasy shirt collar akasyndan
tutmak to seize by the collar comp.
glaka comp. aka yrtymak comp.
akasyny tanadan

61

i sapamaly
colleague ide [i:de] n work-mate,
colleague; krde n colleague Men onu
bilen eneme yl krde bolup iledim. I
worked with him as colleague for many
years.
collect plemek v to collect, pick, gather
odun plemek to collect firewood suwa
gaan teeleri plemek kmelek
plemek; ykjamlamak v to collect,
prepare, make something ready Oglanlar
zatlaryny ykjamlap godular. The boys
got their things together.; ygmak 3 v
to collect odun ygmak to collect
firewood comp. agzyy ygmak
collection ygym n collection, harvest
hasyl ygymy harvest's gathering in;
harvest time pagta ygymy cottonpicking ygym kampaniasy harvest
compaign
collective kollektiw [kollek'tiw] adj
collective, joint kollektiw hojalyk
collective farm kollektiw eeilik joint
ownership
collective farm dahan birleik n
collective farm
collective farmer kolhozy cf: dahan. n
collective farmer, agricultural labourer
kolhozylar ne dolandylar farmers
returned to their homes
collector ygnajy n collector salgyt
ygnajy tax collector
collide akymak 1 v to collide, have an
accident
colloquial gepleik 3 n colloquial gepleik
dili colloquial (language, conversation)
gepleik stili colloquial style {grammar}
colonel polkownik [pol'kownik] n
colonel
color rek 3 n color [US English] comp.
bugda rek adam comp. reki gamak
comp. rekki agarmak comp. rekki
mek
colostrum owuz n colostrum; beestings
sygry owzy beestings of a cow Sygry
owuzyny goulara palaarlar. Beestings
of a cow is shared to neighbors.
colour boamak v to colour, paint, dye,
stain, make up Gouny ini boap
kee dokaarlar. People dye sheep wool
and make mats. Saymy hna boamagy
dellek maslahat berdi. Kanwa sapaklaryny

boamak in bazardan boag getirdim.

comp. kirpiklerii boa ; rek 2 n
colour gyzyl rek red colour Medan
hzir ayl rekde. The fields are green
at the moment. comp. bugda rek
adam comp. reki gamak comp. rekki
agarmak comp. rekki mek ; rekli 3
adj colour rekli film colour film rekli
surat colour photography
coloured rekli 1 adj painted, coloured
rekli pol painted floor rekli mebel
painted furniture [the traditional colour
to paint a floor in Turkmenistan is
reddish-brown]
colt krre n a donkey's colt
column kolonka 1 [ka'lonka] cf: stn. n
column (of words) alty kolonkadan
ybarat gazet sahypasy a newspaper page
with six columns
comb darak n comb sa daragy hairbruush
daragy wool brush dokma daragy
weaving brush/comb; daraklamak v to
comb sayy daraklamak to comb one's
hair; daramak2 [daramak] v to comb, to
card (wool or cotton); daranmak v to
do one's hair, comb one's hair;
darak n comb, comb for wool
darakda daralar. Wool is
combed on a comb for a wool.
combine birikdirmek [bi:rikdirmek] v to
combine, join, unite, connect, put
through Krhanalary birikdirmek in,
birgiden kepilnama we ertnamalary
taynlamaly. In order to combine
enterprises you need to prepare a
certificate and an agreement. Iki tok
symy birikdirmek in, elie rite ellik
gemeli. Okuwyla sany azlygy sebapli,
iki synpy birikdirmeli.; guramak1 v to
combine, sew some pieces together;
komban [kom'ban] n combine,
combine harvester, multi-purpose
machine galla kombany combine
harvester; sapmak 3 v to combine; to
spin ine sapagy ogyn sapaga sapmak to
combine the thin thread with the thick
one comp. i sapamaly ;
umumyladyrmak 2
[umu:myladyrmak] v to combine,
gather together into one larger group
nmiligi umumyladyrmak to combine
[agricultural] production hususy eeiligi

gelimek2
umumyladyrmak to combine private
property; utgadyrmak v to combine
Mekdebi topar birinji synplaryny
utgadyryp bir ertekini sahnaladyrdylar.
Combining three groups of 1-st formed
school children they played a fairy tale
on a scene. Men teoria bilen trgenleigi
utgadyrmak in okadym hem ol zordan
iledim. Demlenen a narpyz bilen
utgadyrmak in on minutlyk basyrmaly.
combined ygyndy adj combined ygyndy
komanda combined team
come gelmek 1 cf: gelimek2. v to come,
arrive otly bilen gelmek to come by train
alyp gelmek to bring, come carrying
something ylgap gelmek to come running
Gy geldi. Winter has set in. Men
syahatdan gadyp geldim. I came back
from a trip. Otly geldi. train arrived
herden tze habar geldi. There's news
from city. Maa akylyk geldi. An
invitation has arrived for me. Gli sil
geldi. There was a heavy flood. el geldi.
The wind got up. Bahar pasly geldi.
spring has come Bu knek maa gi
geldi. this dress was too wide for me Bu
layk geldi. it fits me Bu meni akymdan
eil geldi. I found this easier than I had
supposed. Kellme tze pikir geldi. A new
idea came into my head. comp. aglasy
gelmek comp. alyp gelmek1 comp. du
gelmek comp. emele gelmek2 comp.
gayp gelmek comp. gahary gelmek
comp. geljege umyt comp. gwne
gelmek comp. gz ne gelmek comp.
glesi gelmek comp. layk gelmek
comp. ze gelmek comp. ylgap
gelmek comp. atasy gelmek
come across dumak 3 [du:mak] v to
come across Men rn gowy szlge
dudum. I have met to good dictionary.
Gowy kitaba dumak uly balyk tapany
alydyr. To come across a good book is
like finding great riches.
come alive janlanmak [ja:nlanmak] v to
become animated, come alive,
rejuvenate oneself, revive oneself
Tebigat janlandy. Nature has come alive.;
oanmak 2 cf: oandyrmak. v to come
alive Tebigat oanar. Nature comes
alive.

62
come off gopmak v to come unstuck, fall
off or out, come off
come out ykmak 3 v to come out, be
published, be printed, be issued Szlgi
birinji tomy ten yl ykdy. The first
volume of the dictionary was published
last year. Tze gazet ykdy. A new
newspaper has come out. comp. aradan
ykan bolup ykmak comp. atdan
ykmak
come to conclusion netije ykarmak
(comp. of ykarmak1) v to come to a
conclusion Sen meni adan teklibimden
nhili netije ykardy? What conclusion
did you come to about my suggestion?
come to end aaklamak v to come to an
end
come to naught pu bolmak (comp. of
pu) to come to naught/nothing
come to one's senses akyllanmak 2 v to
come to one's senses
come to senses aalmak 2 v to come to
one's senses Huuny itiren zordan
aaldy. It is difficult to come to one's
senses after losing consciousness.
come undone zlmek 1 v to come
undone, be untied, be unravelled Dwn
zldi. The knot came undone.;
azmak3 1 [a:zmak] cf: azdyrmak1,
bahar. v to come undone Gapan
azypdyr, emma onu sti body. The
trapdoor came undone, but there was
nothing on top of it.
come upon basmarlamak v to come upon
Dwleti agyr uky basmarlady. A deep
sleep came upon Dowlet. Ony garrylyk
basmarlaar. Old age has come upon
him.
comfort gwnlik n comfort gwnlik
bermek to comfort, console, calm;
kedirmek cf: kemek. v to
comfort, calm (someone) down, quieten,
soothe, to set someone' s mind at rest
Sara Jennedi kedirdi. Sarah calmed
Jane down.; teselli n comfort, relief,
resolution, satisfaction
comfortable kaa adj comfortable,
beautiful, nice, elegant, attractive,
picturesque kaa ja beautiful house
Bizi gzel Agabadymyzda gn-gnden
kaa jalary sany artar. In our

63

baya kyamat dmek

beautiful Ashgabat the number of
beautiful buildings increases daily.;
oaly 1 adj comfortable, comfortably
oaly oturmak to sit comfortably;
ykjam 2 adj comfortable, convenient
ykjam oturmak to sit comfortably
Haanda men e gelenimde, doganym
kresloda ykjam oturyp maa garayp
oturan eken. When I came home, my
brother was waiting for me sitting on a
sofa comfortably.; ynjalykly 2
[y:njalykly] adj comfortable ynjalykly
er comfortable place ynjalykly oturmak
to sit comfortably Tomaaylar erlerinde
ynjalykly ornaanlaryndan so kino
balandy. After spectators sat
comfortably in their seats, a film
started. {physically}
comfortably amatly 2 [a:matly] adv
comfortably, conveniently amatly pursat
convenient time; ornaykly adj
comfortably ornaykly oturmak to sit
comfortably, to find a comfortable seat/
place
coming gelimek2 cf: gelmek. v arriving
(together), coming Myhmanlar
gelirler. The guests are coming.
comma otur n comma nokatly otur
semicolon {grammar}
command emr command emr etmek ;
emr etmek ( emr) v to command
commander komandir [koman'dir] cf:
serkerde ba. n commander,
commanding officer batalon komandiri
batalion commander; serdarlyk
[serda:rlyk] n the profession of being a
commander or chief; serkerde ba cf:
komandir. n commander
commerce kommersia cf: telekeilik. n
commerce, trade kommersia bilen
megullanmak to be involved in
commerce; telekeilik cf: kommersia.
commerce, trade
commission sargamak v to commission,
order, charge ol maa knek saragady
he commissioned me to buy a shirt for
him
commitments k 4 n commitments,
obligations Meni km agyr. I have a
lot of commitments.

committee komitet n committee erli

komitet local committee Meni dostum
Howpsuzlyk komitetinde iler. My
friend works for/serves on the Safety
committee.
common bitewi cf: bitin. adj common,
indivisible, inseparable ykdysadyeti
bitewi ugry the economy's common
direction of movement; ortalyk adj
common, public ortalyk mal public
property; umumy [umu:my] adj
common, general, whole, ordinary,
overall yly baynda mekdebi hemme
klaslary ygnanyp umumy ygnagyny
geirdi. At the beginning of the school
year, all the classes were gathered to
hold a general meeting. Mekdep
direktory her klasy umumy okuwy
sanyny barlady. Lisei umumy tertibini
bozandyklary in Meredow bilen
Batyrowa berk kin berdiler. For
breaking normal college rules, Meredov
and Batyrov were given a severe
reprimand.
commonality umumylyk [umu:mylyk] n
commonality, (things) in common,
(things) held in general Grrdei
bilen hi hili umumylyk ok bolsa grr
alyp barmak kyn. It is hard to hold a
conversation, if you don't have anything
in common with your interlocutor.
Joram aponiada aasa-da bizde
umumylyk kn, ikimizem sungaty, sazy
hem saz gural pianinony sris. Even
though my friend lives in Japan, we
have so many things in common; we
both like art, music, and a musical
instrument - the piano. Olimpiada
geirilende hemme urtlar birigip,
umumylygy baramylyk edip bellerler.
When the Olympic games are held, all
the countries come together to celebrate
their commonality. Joram aponiada
aasa-da, bizde umumylyk kn, ikimizem
sungaty, sazy hem-de, ol bir saz guralyny
- pianinony sris. Even though my
friend lives in Japan, we have so many
commonalities; we both like art, music
and a musical instrument - the piano.
commotion kyamat 2 [kya:mat] n
commotion, trouble kyamat goparmak
to create a commotion comp. baya
kyamat dmek

aragatnayk blmi
communication aragatnayk 2
[a:ragatnayk] n communication,
connection aragatnayk ministrligi the
ministry of communication transport
aragatnaygy transport connections; HB,
1 aragatnayk erbet. The (phone)
connection is bad. elektro-aragatnayk
blmi telegraph office aragatnayk
saklamak to maintain relations comp.
aragatnayk blmi comp. aragatnayk
blmini igri comp. aragatnayk
bkjalar
commute gatnamak 1 v to go to and fro,
commute, attend Men mekdebe maynly
gatnaaryn. I go to school by car.
compact disk kompakt-disk n compact
disc, CD kompakt-diskli pleer compact
disc player
companion hemra 2 [hemra:] n
companion, fellow-traveller; rik 2 n
companion
compare deemek 1 v to compare,
compare to Meni onu bilen deeme.
Don't compare him with me.;
deedirmek v to compare, collate,
compare to ykdysady grkezijileri
deedirmek to compare economical
instructions; delemek v to compare
(with), be equal (with), to be even Hi
kim onu bilen deleip bilmez. He has no
equals.
comparison gr 1 post in/by comparison
with, as compared (with) en maa gr
has glrksi. In comparison with
me, you are stronger.
compassion rehimdarlyk [rehimda:rlyk]
cf: rehimlilik. n compassion
rehimdarlyk etmek to have compassion,
be kind Ol rehimdarlyk edip, etim
agany hossarlyga aldy. He had
compassion on the orphan and took him
under his care. Ondan rehimdarlyga
garama. Don't expect him to be kind.;
rehimlilik cf: rehimdarlyk.
compassion
compassionate rehimli cf: rehimdar. adj
compassionate, merciful Ol rehimli
adam. She is a compassionate person
rehimli bolmak to be merciful/
compassionate
compatriate ilde [i:lde] n someone (a
person) from the same country,

64
compatriate Ildelerimiz Nowruz
baramyny dwlet derejesinde bellediler.
compatriates celebrated Nowruz bayram
in the State degree.; ymmat 2 n
compatriot, fellow-countryman
Ymmatlarymyz bilen agzybirlikde aaly!
Let's live in peace and love with our
compatriots.
compensate demek 1 [:demek] v to
compensate, pay, cover ykdajyny
demek to cover the expenses
compensation wez n compensation,
indemnity; damages; replacement;
refund, reimbursement wezini dolmak
(doldurmak) to compensate, make up
(for); to replace; to reimburse iten
wagty wezini dolmak to make up for
lost time ykdajylary wezini dolmak to
refund expenses
compre tamada n compre, master of
ceremonies
compete bslemek v to compete (with
in) rival (in) bsleip ilemek to compete
at work; apymak v to compete (with
in), contend (with for), race Oglanlar
capyyp onadylar. The boys raced each
other as a competition.; arymak
[a:rymak] v to compete (with in),
contend (with for) zmekde arymak
to take part in a swimming contest
ylgamakda arymak to take part in a
race
competent dile dgr (comp. of dil2)
adj competent Dile dgr adama bir
mlde dnr. A competent man
undertands from the first word.;
habardar 2 [habarda:r] adj competent,
knowledgeable (about), versed (in),
conversant (with),
competition dalagrlik cf:
konkurensia. n competition;
konkurensia [konkureinsia] cf:
dalagrlik. n competition Olary
arasynda telekeilik konkurensia
balandy. A competition for business
had started between them.; ary 2
[a:ry] n competition, contest, match
arya agyrmak to challenge to as
competition kubok ugrunda ary cup
competition basketbol bouna ary
basketball match aryy ertleri terms
of contest

65

toplum
competitor dalagr cf: konkurent. n
competitor; konkurent [konku'rent] cf:
dalagr. n competitor konkurentler
hemie bir-birinden gowy boljak bolup
alyarlar competitors always try to
outdo each other
compile dzmek 1 cf: dzlk1. v to form,
create, put together, make up, compose,
compile Biz szlk dzris. We're
compiling a dictionary. gogy dzmek to
compose a poem Gelin-dyzlar urnalyna
z dzen gogularymy iberdim. I sent the
poems I composed to the women's
magazine. Ejemi doglan gnne tze
adym dzp gutladym. I congratulated
my mother on her birthday with a song
Icomposed. meletin toparlary dzmek to
form a group of volunteers tze
komanda dzmek to form a new team On
iki igrden ybarat brigada dzdk. A
brigade is comprised of twelve people.
Trkmenleri dzn gadymy oguzlardyr.
Turkmen are descended from the
ancient Oghuzes.
compiler dzji n compiler, writer,
author
complain arz etmek v to complain
(about), make or lodge complaint
(about); kinmek cf: kemek. v to
complain, tell someone off Garrylar z
anlaryndan kinip, agalaryndan ngile
bolarlar. Old people tell themselves off
and are not satisfied with their
children.; nalamak 2 [na:lamak] v to
complain or protest Eger olar senden
nalaan bolsalar... If they are
complaining because of you...;
zerenmek 1 v to complain
kellagyrydan zerenmek to complain of a
headache Siz nm zerenrsiiz? What
are you complaining about?
complaint arz n complaint; dat 1 [da:t] n
complaint Dat! Damn! comp. dadyna
etimek comp. dat etmek ; ikaat
[ika:at] n complaint ikaat etmek to
make a complaint
complete dolmak 2 [do:lmak] v to
complete, fill up Olar bellenen plany
doldular. They completed the agreed
plan. comp. damagy dolmak comp.
sabyr ks dolmak comp. regi
dolmak ; doly2 2 [do:ly] adj complete,

full, whole doly orta bilim diploma On

klasy tamamlap doly orta bilim attestatyny
aldym. After I had completed ten grades
I received my accreditation. doly
ygtyarly wekil fully authorised
representative Tze jaa gnligim
sebpli regim atlykdan doly. Because
we have moved to the new house I am
really happy.
Men Mukaddes Kitaplary doly okap
ykdym. I have read all of the Sacred
Books. Tze karar bilen biz doly
ylalaarys. We completely agree with
the latest decision. Gitmeli bolup filimi
doly grp etimedim. I did not manage
to watch the whole film because I had
to go. Leksiany doly dilp,professory
soraglaryna jogap berdik. We listened to
the whole lecture and answered the
professor's questions. Ejemi soraglaryna
doly jogap berdim. I answered all my
mother's questions.; tamam [tama:m]
adj complete, finished, ended;
tamamlamak [tama:mlamak] v to
complete, finish
completed tamamlanmak
[tama:mlanmak] v to be completed, be
finished, be ended
completely agyn 1 adj completely Onu
eikleri agyn l bolupdyr. Her clothes
were completely soaked.; btinle
[bti:nle] cf: bs-btin. adv
completely, utterly, in full, totally,
quite, entirely Durmu btinle zgerdi.
Our life has completely changed.; halys
1 [ha:ly:s] adj totally, completely, very
much, entirely, greatly halys ysgyndan
dmek to grow completely weak, lose
one's strength Men ilp halys boldym. I
am fed up with working.
complex kompleks cf: toplum. n
complex, installation salawy kompleks
sistemasy voting system complex
complicated bulamak 1 v to be
complicated, be confusing; atak adj
complicated, difficult, hard Bizi iimiz
atak. Our work is difficult. atak mesele
difficult task; ylyrymly adj
complicated, involved, difficult
ylyrymly sorag complicated question
ylyrymly agda complicated situation

nji dretmek
compliment wn 1 n compliment,
praise wn szler words of praise
comply kanagatlandyrmak 1
[kana:gatlandyrmak] v to comply with,
satisfy, fulfill hayy kanagatlandyrmak
to comply with a request Oba medisina
gullugyny ilei adamlary
kanagatlandyrmaar. People are not
satisfied with the village medical
service.
composition dzme n composition dzme
azmak to write a composition; dzm
n composition, ingredients, list, makeup dermany dzmi composition of a
medicine sz dzmi word list bir dzm
kakadylan kmelek one measure of dried
mushrooms Bazardan bir dzm ajy gyzyl
bur aldym. I bought one measure of red
chilli from the market. suwu dzmi
the composition of water Bu nahary
dzminde nmeler bar? What
ingredients are in this meal? {grammar}
comprehend akyl etirmek (id. of akyl)
to comprehend, understand, grasp
comprehensive hemmetaraplayn adj
comprehensive, thorough, multi-faceted
compulsory hkmany [hkma:ny] adj
compulsory, obligatory, binding
hkmany bilim compulsory education
hkmany karar binding decree
computer komputer n computer Meni
jigim komputerde uruly ounlary
onaar. My brother is always playing a
fighting game on the computer.
comrades
comradeship oldalyk n comradeship,
partnership, companionship, friendship
oldalyk sudy comrades' court oldalyk
duuygy friendly/unofficial match
{sports}
conceit men-menlik n conceit, selfish
ambition men-menlik etmek to give
oneself airs, become conceited
concern tagalla 2 n concern; nji n
concern, trouble nji bolmak to be a
reason for concern comp. nji dretmek
concerning degili 2 adj concerning,
related to, affecting Mediniete degili
meselelere az ns berilr. tekste degili
soraglar questions related to the text

66
concert konsert [kan'sert] cf: yky. n
concert, recital simfonik konsert
symphony concert konsertde bolmak to
be at a concert konsert bermek to
arrange/give a concert
conclude jemlemek 4 cf: komplekt. v to
conclude, finish, wind up Ol ahyry
szni jemledi. At last he came to the
conclusion of his speech.; many
ykarmak (comp. of many) to make a
conclusion, conclude Men onu
szlerinden many ykaryp, oa razy
boldum. I made a conclusion from his
words and was agree with him.
conclusion netije 2 [neti:je] n conclusion,
decision; result, conclusion, decision
netij gelmek to come to a decision,
arrive at a conclusion netije ykarmak to
draw a conclusion, conclude ndogry
netije wrong conclusion netijede as a
result, thus Bizi iimiz ahyrynda gowy
netije berdi. Our work finally yeilded a
good result. comp. netij gelmek
concrete beton [be'ton] n concrete Beton
jalar gyda sowuk, tomusda yssy bolar.
Concrete buildings are cold in winter
and hot in summer.
condemn azgarmak 2 [a:zgarmak] v to
condemn ...kanun meni azgarsyn. ...let
the law condemn me.
condition ahwal [ahwa:l] n a person's
condition Seni ahwaly nhili? How are
you doing?; hal-ahwal [ha:l-ahwa:l] cf:
hal-agda. n condition, situation, life
hal-ahwal soramak to ask how someone
is; hal1 1 [ha:l] n condition, state,
situation; ert 1 n condition meni bir
ertim bar. I have one condition.; tap
[ta:p] adv condition, feeling comp.
tapdan dmek ; agda 1 n condition,
state, situation Syrkawy agday gngnden oatlaar. The patient is getting
better day by day. agday nhili?
How are things? adatdan daary agda
state of emergency agdalar gowulaar
Conditions are improving. maddy agda
financial situation
conditional ertli with conditions,
conditional
conductor dirior n conductor horu
diriory choir-master orkestri diriory

67

zne basmak
conductor of orchestra diriory
taajygy conductor's baton
confectioner konditer [kon'diter] n
confectioner, pastry cook konditer
nmleri confectionery
confess boun almak (comp. of boun) v
to confess, acknowledge, admit, own up
Gyzym kitaby yrtyp, gorkujyna bonuna
almady. My daughter ripped the book,
but because she was scared she didn't
own up to it. Eden iii bonua alman,
baka birini stne apmak utan biler.
Baarmajak iii boun almaly dl.
alany kezzap adam hi wagt alan
szlnini bonuna almaar.
confidence arkaynlyk 2 n confidence
confidently pert adv confidently pert
jogap bermek to answer with confidence;
ynamly 2 cf: ynamdar, ygtybarly. adj
confidently ynamly geplemek to speak
confidently
confirm tassyklamak [tassy:klamak] v to
confirm, acknowledge
conflict agzalalyk cf: konflikt. n conflict,
clash; konflikt [kon'flikt] cf: agzalalyk.
n conflict, clash bizi klasymyzda hi
haan konflikt dremndi. there have
never been any conflicts in our group;
tow conflict
conform dogry gelmek 1 (comp. of
dogry) to conform, correspond, check
out
confuse aljyratmak 1 v to confuse, to
throw into confusion; buladyrmak 1 v
to confuse, complicate uwup seren
eiklerimi barsyny emal buladyrdy.
Saagy stne agdarlan orbaly jam bar
zady buladyrdy. Jorap rip oturan
umagymy kiijek piigimiz buladyrypdyr.
confused aljyray 1 adj confused,
overwhelmed; bulayk 1 adj confused,
tangled, muddled up Szek suwa saymy
ugmasam, salarym bulayk. Bulayk
meselni kakam bilen zordan hasapladyk.
congratulate gutlamak v to congratulate
gutly bolsun congratulations! Doglan
gn bilen gutlaaryn! Congratulations
on your birthday!; mbreklemek 1 v
to congratulate baram bilen
mbreklemek to congratulate with

holiday doglan gni bilen mbreklemek

to congratulate with birthday
congratulatory gutlag adj congratulatory
gutlag szleri words of congratulation
gutlag telegrammasy telegram of
congratulation
congress gurulta n congress, conference,
convention gurultay delegaty delegate
to a congress/conference gurulta
geirmek to hold a conference
connected baglanyykly [ba:glanyykly]
adj connected with, bound up with,
relating to Ylym we tejribe zara
baglanyykly bolmaly. Research and reallife must be related to each other.;
atylgy adj connected internete atylgy
connected to the internet
connected with degili 1 adj belonging
to, connected with dwlete degili balyk
connection arabaglanyyk
[a:raba:glanyyk] n connection, tie,
bond, correlation; baglanyyk
[ba:glanyyk] n connection, tie, bond
Gn bilen er arymyzy magnitizm
baglanygy bar. There is a magnetic
bond between the sun and our globe.
connective baglajy adj connective,
conjunction {grammar}; baglajy
kmeki (comp. of kmeki) n
connective
connectives kmeki szler (comp. of
kmeki) connectives, connective
words Kmeki szler szlemde szleri
birledirrler. In sentences connective
words connect phrases.
conquer basmak 3 v to conquer 1327-nji
ylda ingiz han Buhara imperiasyny
basyp aldy. In 1327 Ghengis Khan
conquered the Bucharan empire. say.
Ody ze bas, tmese kesek comp.
zne basmak
conscience utan 3 n conscience u gne
enli irinde utan haasy barmyka
didim, ol ejesini uzgara etdi. till today I
was sure that Shirin had a shame
coinscience, but she made her mother to
shame; wydan [wyda:n] n
conscience, sense of right and wrong
Wydany bar adam ogurlyk etmez. The
one who has a conscience will not steal.
wydanyy satmak to exchange your
sense of right and wrong into something

razyylyk
else; ynsap [ynsa:p] n conscience
ynsaby ezet bermegi pangs of
conscience Ony etmge ynsabym atmaz.
My conscience won't allow me to do
that.
conscientious ayply 1 adj conscientious
ayply adam conscientious person;
wydanly [wyda:nly] adj
conscientious, honest pk wydanly
ynsan honest person; ynsaply [ynsa:ply]
adj conscientious, fair, diligent,
scrupulous, honest ynsaply bolmak to be
honest/scrupulous Ynsaply bol-da,
agylyk et! Be honest and do good
things.
consciousness akyl-hu [akyl-hu:] n
state of mind, sense of reason;
consciousness Bu gyz meni akyl-huumy
aldy. That girl has made me lose all
sense of reason. Serho bolup akyl-huuny
itirdi. He got drunk and lost
consciousness.; dnje 3 n
consciousness syasy dnje political
consciousness baga dnje different
understanding Durmu dnji
kesgitler. Life defines your
consciousness.; dnjelilik n
consciousness; hu [hu:] n memory,
consciousness, awareness huuy
itirmek a) to lose consciousness, faint
b) to lose one's memory Ana zni
Artygy gujagyna oklanda, btin huuny
itirdi. When Ayna threw herself into
Artyk's arms, he passed out. hua gelmek
a) to come to one's senses, to regain/
recover consciousness b) to remember;
messep n consciousness messebii
uwutmak to lose one's consciousness
consecutive order birsydyrgyn
[birsydyrgy:n] adj in consecutive order
el birsydyrgyn wsr. The wind blows
in consecutive order.
consent razylyk 2 [ra:zy:lyk] cf:
razyylyk. n consent, assent razylyk
bermek to give one's consent hlumumy
razylyk bilen by common consent comp.
razylyk bildirmek
consider lemek 2 v to consider, to
weigh something up lp, biip, belkide meni syda bererler. Weigh it up, think
about it -- they're probably going to
prosecute me. comp. edi lp bir kes.

68
; samak2 [sa:mak] v consider, count
Ana Artygy zne has akyn saardy
Ayna considered Artyk to be her closest
friend comp. souny samaz ; syn
etmek2 (comp. of syn) to consider, pay
attention; syn [sy:n] n consider comp.
syn etmek2 ; synlamak 1 [sy:nlamak] v
to consider, examine
consider strange gelemek v to consider
something to be strange/surprised
consider to be good adam hataryna
gomak (comp. of hatar2) to consider
somebody to be a good man
considerable esli 1 adj considerable,
some Bizi herden gadanymyza esli
wagt geipdir. It has been some time
since we left the city.
considered gz nde tutulmak (comp.
of gz) v to be considered
considered unworthy rowa grmezlik
[rowa: grmezlik] adv considered
unworthy Ol balygyny agasyny
okuwyna harlamagy rowa_grmezlik
grmndir. He didn't consider it a waste
of money to spend his riches on his
children's education.
consist ybarat [yba:rat] adj consist of, be
made up of Bu kwartira otagdan
ybarat. This flat consists of three rooms
/ There are three rooms in this flat.
consistent yzygiderli adj consistent Bu
kitapda hli adalgalar yzygiderli
ulanylypdyr. All terms are used
consistent in this book.; yzygyderli
[y:zygyderli] adj consistent, logical
yzygyderli bolmak to be consistent/
logical Ol Allani Biribarlygyny we eketkligini yzygyderli wagyz eden adamdyr.
He is a person who consistently
preached the unity and oneness of God.
constantly dynman [dy:nma:n] adv
constantly, endlessly, continually,
incessantly, without a break bir zady
dynman gatalamak to repeat the same
thing over and over again
construction site gurluyk n construction
project, building-site
consul konsul ['konsul] n consul Her
dwleti drli urtda z konsuly bolar.
Each country has its consuls in different
cities.

69

ht
consulate konsulhana [konsulha:na] n
consulate Meni oglan doganym
konsulhanada peat ediji bolup iler. My
brother works in a consulate as a typist.
consultation konsultasia n
consultation, advice konsultasia bermek
to consult, to advise, to act as tutor (to)
konsultasia almak to have a
consultation, to obtain advice
contact potratylyk n contact erleri
potratylyga bermek to give lands by a
contract
container kontener n container plastik
kontenerler plastic containers
contemporary dwrde n
contemporary, generation
Magtymgulyny dwrdeleri
Magtymguli's contemporaries Nuh z
dwrdelerini arasynda dogruyl bir
ynsan bolupdyr. Noah was the only
righteous man in his generation.;
sakgalda n person of the same age,
contemporary {colloq, m}
contempt sgermezilik cf: sgermezlik.
n contempt, disrespect sgermezilik
etmek to ignore, scorn, look down (on),
show contempt/disrespect for;
sgermezlik cf: sgermezilik. n
contempt, neglect
contemptible nletkerde adj
contemptible, despicable nletkerde ogul
despicable son
content gwnho adj content, satisfied
Ol rn gwnho bolupdyr. He was very
content.; kanagatlanmak
[kana:gatlanmak] v to be content, to be
satisfied, pleased jogapdan
kanagatlanmak to be satisfied with an
answer; kanagatly 3 [kana:gatly] adj
unpretentious, content
contest
continue dowam etdirmek ( dowam) v
to continue Balanan iimizi arakesmeden
so dowam etdirdik. We continued the
work we had started after the break. Biz
ata-babalarymyzdan geln dpdessurlarymyzy dowam etdirris. We
continue the traditions handed down by
our ancestors.; rmek 1 [rmek,
r:] aux. v to continue okap rmek to
continue with one's studies Ol heniz hem
okap r. He is still studying. isiz gezip

rmek to hang around {(following

gerund) marks the continuous mood}
continuous znksiz adj continuous,
continual, incessant, uninterrupted
agy znksiz agar. Rain is going
continuously. bir zady znksiz
gatalamak to repeat the same thing
over and over again znksiz geplemek to
speak without a break; zol-zol1 [zo:lzo:l] adv continuously zol-zol gatalamak
to repeat continuously
continuously birsyhly [birsy:hly] adv
continuously, continually,
uninterruptedly, Bilimii birsyhly
artdyrmaly. One needs to continually
increase one's knowledge.; dyngysyz
[dy:ngysyz] adv ceaselessly, endlessly,
continuously, uninterruptedly,
incessantly Dyngysyz gar agar. The
snow falls endlessly. Iki gije-gndizlp
dyngysyz agy agdy. It rained
continuously for two days. aga
arawsyzlygyndan aa dyngysyz
aglaardy. Because of the illness the
child cried constantly. Syrkaw uzyn
gijni dyngysyz samrap geirdi. The sick
man babbled constantly all night long.
contraband gagak haryt cf:
kontrabanda. (comp. of gagak)
contraband, smuggled goods;
kontrabanda [knotra'banda] cf:
gagak haryt. n contraband, smuggled
goods kontrabanda bilen megullanmak to
smuggle
contract potrat n contract eri potrata
almak to take a piece of land by a
contract potrat erde ilemek to work in
the land given/taken by the contract;
ykrar hat cf: wada, ht. (comp. of
ykrar) n contract Iki urdu batutanlary
ykrarnama gol ekdiler. Both presidents
signed the contract. {official
documents}; ylalayk 2 [yla:layk] n
agreement, contract Olar ylalayk
bagladylar. They made a contract.
{formal document}
contractions burgy n contractions, labour
aga burgusy tutup baladygy tiz kmege
ja etmeli. When childbirth contractions
begin you have to ring the ambulance.

z emeline zi olamak
Burgy tutup balanda oturmak gadagan.
When labour begins you mustn't sit
down.
contractor potraty n contractor
contradict terslemek n to contradict
each other
contradiction gapma-garylyk n
contradiction synpy gapma-garylyklar
classdistinctions gapma-garylyk bolmasa
s ok no contradiction no increase
contradictory gapma-gary 2 adj
contradictory, conflicting gapma-gary
grkezmeler conflicting evidence gapmagary maglumatlar contradictory
information
contribution goant 2 n contribution
goant gomak to make a contribution
contrivance emel 1 n contrivance, shift,
device emel etmek to contrive (to), try
(to) Onu emeli baa barmady. His trick
did not work comp. z emeline zi
olamak
controls rul 3 n controls, joystick
{aeroplane, helicopter}
controversial jedelli adj controversial,
questionable, debatable, disputed jedelli
mesele moot point, vexed question
convenient amatly 1 [a:matly] adj
convenient, comfortable, suitable; eme
n convenient/comfortable/cosy position
Meni emm dl. It is not convenient
for me.
conversation grr 1 n conversation,
discussion, talk grr bermek to tell
someone, narrate to someone Grr
bersene. Please tell me! grr etmek to
converse, discuss, have a talk gyzykly
grr an interesting talk grri baga
ana sowmak to change the subject ile
grr bolmak to be the subject of a talk
comp. gep-grr ; shbet n
conversation, talk, chat
convert wrmek 2 v to turn (to, into),
convert, change (for) daa wrmek to
turn to stone kmre wrmek to
carbonize degim wrmek to turn into
a joke dollary manada wrmek baga
tarapa wrmek to change dollars for
manats comp. pikir wrmek comp.
zi wrmek

70
convey ayrmak [a:yrmak] v to convey,
transport to, take across dagdan ayrmak
to take across the mountains
convincing degerli 1 adj convincing
degerli deliller convincing evidence
degerli jogap bermek to answer
convincingly
cook apez n cook, chef; biirmek v to
cook, prepare; to bake nan biirmek to
bake bread; taarlamak 3
[taa:rlamak] v to cook, to prepare
{food}
cooker plita 1 [pli'ta] n stove, cooker gaz
plitasy gas stove, cooker
cool salkyn adj cool, fresh salkyn howa
cool weather gije salkyn boldy It was
cool at night. salkyn dmek to get
cooler/fresher. Agam salkyn bolar. The
evening will be cool(er).; salkynlyk n
cool, coolness agamky salkynlyk the
cool of the evening; sowamak v to
cool down
cool down salkyn dmek (comp. of
dmek2) to cool down, become cool/
fresh Gz gelmegi bilen salkyn dp
balady. When autumn came it began to
cool down.
cooperative kooperatiw adj cooperative
kooperatiw swda cooperative trade
cope egermek v to cope (with), manage
ii egermek to manage/handle one's job
well bir ii egermek to manage to do
one work.
copper mis 1 [mi:s] n copper sary mis
brass mis gazyp almak to dig and get
copper mis turba copper pipe
copy gr n copy; grmek 1 v to copy
tzeden grmek to rewrite, copy
something again; nusga 3 n copy
nusgasyny almak to make a copy
nusgasyny kpeltmek to multiply copies
coquettish nzli 1 adj coquettish,
affected, flirty nzli gzel flirty woman
nzli garay flirty look
core zen n core, kernel, pith, heart; root
agajy zeni the core/heart of a tree
coriander kinza 1 [ki:nza] n fresh
coriander Men kinzadan asalan salady
gowy grrin. I like salad made with
fresh coriander.

71

aagyy drs basmak

corn mekge n corn, maize mekge btkleri
corn flakes; mekgejwen n (sweet)corn, maize mekgejwen medany corn
field
corner bur2 1 n corner Kni burunda
tze agalar in dkan ayldy. A shop
for new children opened on the street
corner. Egilen wagtym malaym stolu
buruna degip gzmden ot ykyp gitdi.
comp. janly bur ; k 1 n corner
kni ki the corner of the street;
knjek n corner urdu hli
knjeklerinde in all corners of the
country otagy knjegi the corner of a
room
corpse jeset n corpse, dead body Dn
gumda nbelli jeset tapyldy. Yesterday an
unidentified body was found in the
desert.; l 1 n corpse, dead body l
bolmak to die; maslyk n corpse, dead
body, carcass Bizi obamyzda kesellp
len maly maslygyny akarlar. In our
illage they burn the corpse of animal
which is illed died.; meit n corpse,
dead body mumyalanan meit
Mummied corpse Medi ansyn! May
you rot (in hell)!
correct dogry 1 adj correct, right, true,
accurate, precise atyryklarda sogulman
dogry ol bilen gidiberseiz mekdebe
bararsyyz. If you do not turn and go
straight you will come to school. Onu
adany dogry. He is right. dogry dnje
correct concept Sizi adanlaryyzy biz
dogry hasaplaarys. We think it is right
what you said. Dogry gepli dosty
ok./nakyl/ He who speaks the truth,
has no friends. (Proverb) Hakykady
atmak-dogry zatlary atmakdyr. To tell
the truth is to say what is right. dogry
azmak to write correctly meselni dogry
zmek to decide problem correctly
Mugallym doskada meselni dogry
zliini grkezdi. The teacher wrote the
correct solution on the blackboard.
Edilen iler hakyky maglumatlara dogry
geldi. Completed tasks rely on correct
information. comp. dogry gelmek comp.
dogrydan gel ; drs adj correct, true,
exact, accurate, quite right; truly Siz
drs adarsyyz. What you say is right.
drs azuw correct spelling Delileri
drsdigini barlap anyklamaly. The proofs

must be checked for accuracy. Soragyma

drs jogap ber! Answer my question
correctly.
alan szleme-de drs geple. Do not
speak lies, but speak the truth. Birinji
klas okuwylara drs azuw wredrler.
They teach the first grade pupils to
write correctly. Onu akyly drs dl
dn. It seems he is not very wise.
Akyly drs bolsa samyr-samyr edip
oturmazdy. If you were truly wise, you
would not talk much. comp. aagyy
drs basmak ; dz2 2 adj correct, true,
accurate, real, reliable, correctly dz
szlemek to speak correctly Onu zi dz
gezsin. He should correct his own
behaviour (first). u dz gidn k
ugry bilen gidiberi. Go straight along
this street. Dz gitmn birinji atyrykdan
epe sowmaly. Do not go straight, but
turn left at the first crossroads. Onu zi
dz gezsin. Let him be correct. Onu
gepi-szi dzdr. His words are true.
alan szleme-de dz geple. Do not lie,
speak the truth. Bu rn dz mayn. This
is very reliable car. Knegii wre
geipsi, wrde dz ge. You put the
shirt on untidily, change it and wear it
correctly. Dnksiz azuwyy dzet-de
dz az. Correct your illegible wrinting
and write legibly.; dzw 1 adj correct,
right, true, faithful dzw geplemek to
speak properly Seni nieti dzw dl.
Your intentions are not honourable.
Szleri arsyny atmada dzw grle.
Don't mumble, speak properly.; ja2 1
[ja:] adj correct, right, appropriate, in
order ja jogap correct answer Bu sorag
jayna ddi. This question is
appropriate. jaly atmak to shoot
accurately gwneja bolmak to be
comfortable, be just right ja bolmak to
be comfortable
correction dzedi n correction,
amendment, improvement Ol grleni
diline kbir dzedi berdi. He made some
corrections for the speaker. ???? tekste
dzedi girizmek to amend the text
Kanuna birne dzedi girizdiler. They
made some amendments to the law.
Golazma dzedi girizip sora ap edildi.
Some corrections were made to the
manuscript which was then published.

gamy imek
correctness dogrulyk 2 n in the right,
correctness, honesty z dogrulygyy
subut etmek to prove that you are in the
right Gudrat z dogrulygy bilen
klasdalaryny arasynda tapawutlanar.
Gudrat differs from his classmates in his
honesty. Soraga dogrulyk bilen jogap
bermeli. You must answer the question
honestly. z dogrulygyy subut etmek
in faktlara esaslanmaly. You must stick
to the facts to prove you are in the
right.
correspondent habary 1 n
correspondent, journalist, reporter rite
habary special correspondent
corridor koridor [kori'dor] n corridor,
hall, passage, landing Jada okuwylar
koridora ykdylar. At the bell the pupils
went out into the corridor.
corrode imek 2 v to eat away, to corrode
ge paltony iipdir A moth has eaten
away at the coat comp. gamy imek
comp. gamyny imek comp. iip-imek
corrupt azmak [a:zmak] v to corrupt,
infect, become putrid Ol eline pul
denso azyp balady. He is using his
money corruptly (i.e., wasting it on
harmful things like cigarettes).;
zaalamak 4 [za:alamak] v to corrupt
Arak ony gaty zaalapdyr. Drink caused
him to go astray. comp. z nerwii
zaalama!
cost bahalamak v to cost, price, estimate
the worth Dokalan halyny hilini
bahalamak in rite adam agyrdyk. A
specialist was called in order to estimate
the carpet's worth. Atam mal bazara
goun bahalamaga gitdi. My father went
to the livestock market to price the
sheep.; durmak 3 cf: turmak. v to cost
comp. dur ; nyrh n cost, price, value
arzan nyrhdan cheap price nyrh kesmek
to price, to set a price on
costs harajat 1 [haraja:t] cf: har. n
expenses, costs harajat etmek to spend,
expend, use
costume bir la (comp. of la1) adv a
complete costume, a whole set of
something; complete bir la geim
complete set of clothes bir la gz
gezdirmek to look through something
from the beginning till the end bir la

72
alanyp ykmak to go for a complete
walk round; la1 [la:] n costume, one
pair Kakam bizi her birimize bir la
knek alyp berdi. My father has bought
one pair of dress to each of us. comp.
bir la
cottage cheese szme n cottage cheese
cotton ak altyn (comp. of ak) cotton;
gowaa cf: pagta, nah. n cotton gowaa
ekmek to sow cotton; goza [go:za] n
cotton plant boll; (silkworm) cocoon
aylmadyk goza unopenned cotton plant
boll {colloq Saryk}; pagta 1 cf:
gowaa, nah. n cotton ine smli
pagta fine cotton pagta arassalajy zawod
cotton-cleaning plant pagta arassalajy
mayn cotton-gin pagta tohumy cottonseed pagta ekmek to sow cotton pagta
ygmak to pick cotton
cotton farmer pagtay n cotton farmer,
cotton grower
cotton wool pagta 2 cf: gowaa, nah. n
cotton wool pagta bilen damagyna bir
zatlar almak to rub one's throat with an
ointment using cotton wool
cotton-farming pagtaylyk n cottonfarming
couch grass gyak n couch-grass
cough sglewk n a cough comp.
sglewgi tutmak ; sgrmek v to
cough uwaja sgrmek to have a slight
cough
council gee 1 n council, congress;
advice gee salmak to ask advice
oldalary bilen geemek to advice with
your friends ; maslahat 2 n council,
conference, meeting okary derejedki
maslahat summit conference maslahat
geirmek to hold a meeting; mejlis 1
[mejli:s] n council, conference, meeting,
session, sitting mejlisler zaly conference
hall
counsel akyl bermek (comp. of akyl) to
give counsel (advice, correction)
count hasaplamak 1 [hasa:plamak] v to
count, calculate; sanamak [sa:namak] v
to count atdan sanamak to do mental
arithmetic, do sums in one's head
barmak bilen sanamak to count on one's
fingers; sanamak 1 [sa:namak] v to
count (with)

73

urmurtgany basyrmak
countable sanly [sa:nly] adj countable
counter sanawa [sa:nawa:] n counter
counting hasap 1 [hasa:p] n counting,
calculation, reckoning, inventory hasap
retmek to keep count (of) hasaby
itirmek to lose count (of) hasap etmek to
count, reckon comp. hasap-hesip ;
hasap-hesip (comp. of hasap) n
calculation, counting; sanaw [sa:naw] n
register, head-count, list Sanawda ol
ok. He's not in the register.
countless sansyz 1 [sa:nsyz] adj
countless, innumerable, numberless
sansyz goun innumerable army; sansyzsajaksyz [sa:nsyz-sa:jaksyz] adj
countless sansyz-sajaksyz balyk
countless riches, incalculable/untold
wealth
country diar [dia:r] n land, country; il
2 [i:l] n country at illerde in foreign
lands comp. il-halk comp. il-ulus comp.
ile meze etmek ; lke n land, country
at lkelerde aamak to live in foreign
countries lkni wreni muzei museum
of local lore, history and economy
sowuk lkeler cold countries Meni
lkm! My land!; er 5 n country, state
comp. er almasy comp. er hoz comp.
er tudana comp. erine comp. erine
etirmek ; urt 1 [u:rt] n country
daary urt foreign country, abroad
daary urt dili foreign language comp.
urt skmek comp. urt ykan
courage mertlik n courage,
courageousness, braveness, bravery,
boldness, audacity, audaciousness
mertlik grkezmek to display/show one's
courage; rek 3 n courage, boldness
{fig} comp. ak rek comp. arslan
rek comp. d rek comp. rege
dmek comp. rege dwmek comp.
rege jk bolmak comp. regi aty
kellesi aly comp. regi bire baglamak
comp. regi uka comp. regini
iirmek comp. regini armak comp.
regi agzya gelmek comp. regi
bulanmak comp. regi gysmak comp.
regi mkldemek comp. regi
erine gelmek comp. rek awamak
comp. rek bermek comp. rek da
baglamak

courageous edermen adj brave,

courageous, valiant, gallant; mert cf:
merdana. n courageous, brave, bold,
audacious, daring mert adam brave man
mert bolmak to act courageously, be
bold
course akym 2 n course Suwu akym ugry
mydama pese tarap. Water always flows
downhill.; kurs1 n course birinji yllyk
talyp a first-year student Meni gyz jigim
uniwersiteti ikinji kursynda okaar. My
sister studies at the uniersity as a firstyear student.
court kazyet n court, courthouse her
kazyeti city courthouse u gn
kazyetde daary urtly jenaatkri iine
seredilr. Today the activity of foreign
criminals will be examined in court.
[during Soviet times referred only to
religious court, but now judicial]
{judicial}
courtiers tre n courtiers
courtyard howly 1 n garden, courtyard,
yard howluda in the courtyard
cousin doganoglan n cousin (father's
side) doganoglan gyz female cousin
(father's side) Kakamy doganyny
agalary meni doganoglanlam. The
children of my fathers brother are my
cousins. Kakamy egenleri maa
doganoglan,ejemi egenleri ykanlarym
bolar. The nephews of my father are
cousins to me, the nephews of my
mother are cousins (on the mothers
side).; jigi 2 [jigi:] cf: ini. n younger
relative (via brother or father), cousin
covenant ht cf: wada, ykrar hat. n
covenant, agreement, promise, vow ht
etmek to make a covenant htide
durmak to fulfil one's promise htii
bozmak to break/breach one's contract/
agreement
cover basyrmak v to incubate, sour...
Hamyry ugrup sowuk erde basyrsa,
rek glli bolar. If you knead dough
and place it in a cold place, the bread
will show something like finger marks.
Sdi basyrmak in, yly ja gerek. To
cover (and sour) milk you need a warm
room. comp. urmurtgany basyrmak ;
brenmek v to cover oneself, wrap
oneself ybynlardan aa organy kellm

sorag bilen gmmek

bilen brenip atdym. Because of the
mosquitoes I slept with my quilt
wrapped round my head. Agamlaryna
howa soganda dona brenmesem sowuk
bolar. Krt brenip oturan gelini zini
ayp grdm.; amak [a:mak] v to
cover, paint gyzyl aylan sagat a clock
covered with gold; gmmek 1 v to
cover, bury hapany gmmek to bury
rubbish comp. sorag bilen gmmek ;
rtgi 1 n cover; rtmek 1 v to cover,
coat odeal bilen rtmek to cover with a
bedspread rek bilen rtmek to coat with
paint Gn zni bulut rtpdir. The
clouds covered the sun.; apmak 2 cf:
apymak. v to cover zni apmak to
cover one's face gapagyny apmak to put
a lid on comp. gol apmak comp.
Tamdyra gyzanda ap. ; amak2 1 v to
cover, shade gnden aanmak to shade
oneself from the sun
covered gaplanmak 2 [ga:planmak] v to
cloud over, to be covered
covering dek 2 n covering, coating
cow pil2 2 n cow urkay pil cow comp.
peeden pil asamak comp. pili
gulagynda uklamak ; sygyr n cow (f)
sygyr eti beef
coward gorkak adj coward; namart 1
[na:ma:rt] n coward comp. namart i
comp. namartlyk etmek
cowardly gowak 2 adj cowardly,
iressoulute, of a weak character;
namart 2 [na:ma:rt] adj scoundrel,
villain; rascal; cowardly namart adam
villain Mert znden grer, namart
oldayndan (Nakyl). Brave man does
not blame anybody, but scoundrel
blames his comrade. comp. namart i
comp. namartlyk etmek
cowardly act namart i (comp. of
namart) v a cowardly act Meni daym
namart i edipdir. My uncle has done a
cowardly act.
cowshed
crack at n crack, fissure at amak to
crack Meni kellm at ayp barar. I
have a splitting headache. at
malaynda oturmak to sit opposite;
armak 1 [a:rmak] v to crack Tzee
umurtgany armaly. You have to crack
a fresh egg. comp. bagty da armak

74
comp. dil armak comp. regini
armak ; aryk [a:ryk] n crack, split,
cleft, crevice aryk atmak to crack, split
aryk gawun cracked melon
crackle atyrdamak v to crackle
cradle sallanak 1 n cradle, crib, cot
which can be rocked sallanaky wremek
to rock the cradle [hung on two large
hinges so as to be swung]
craftiness mekirlik n craftiness, , craft,
cunning, guile, wiles, slyness, wiliness
mekirlik bilen cunningly, slyly mekirlik
etmek to use cunning/guile; to dissemble
craftsman ussa n repairman, craftsman
Zynjyrym zlende zergr ussa bejertmge
eltdim. I took my broken chain to
jewellery repairman. comp. aga ussasy
comp. demiri comp. tikini ussa ;
ussaylyk n the profession of a
craftsman Ussaylyk etmek asat i dl,
jogapkriligi kn. To carry out craft
work is not easy, there are many
responsibilities.
crafty emelli adj crafty, cunning; hilegr
[hi:legr] adj cunning, sly, crafty, wily
hilegr adam cunning person; mekir adj
crafty, cunning, sly, wily mekgejwen
adam cunning person mekir tilki sly fox
mekir bolmak to be cunning/crafty/sly
crane kran2 n crane gteriji kran lifting
crane
crash awaria [a'waria] cf: ol
helkiligi. n crash, accident, breakdown; gmmrdemek v to crash, roar,
thunder, rumble gmmrdp balamak to
begin to thunder, begin to roar/rumble
crawl emedeklemek v to crawl;
srenmek v to crawl
crazy dli adj mad, crazy, insane dli aly
crazy like Men seni ykyda dli
boldum. I was madly in love with you.
cream gamak2 2 n cream, clotted cream
crease ygyrt 2 n crease, fold, crumple
knegi ygyrtlaryny tklemek to iron
the creases of a shirt ygyrt atmak to
crease bu mata erbet ygyrt atar this
material creases badly
create dretmek 1 v to create, make;
institute (bring into being), engender
maa gary dretdiler they fomented a
rebellion against me Modeler tze

75

tmek
modelleri dretdi. Model created a new
model. Bu owadan tebigaty kim
dretdik? Who created this beautiful
creation?; aratmak 1 v to create, make
creation dretmetlik n creation,
establishment; drei n creation
creative work dredijilik n creative
work, creativity, culture
creator drediji 1 n creator, founder,
originator Ol mukam drediji kompozitor.
He is a composer.
Baletmester tans drediji. Baletmeyster
is the creator of dance. Kemine satiriki
gogulary dredijisidi./szlkden/
Kemine is the creator of humorous
poems.
Creator aradan 2 n Creator
creature jandar [ja:nda:r] n living being,
creature, animal janly-jandarlar living
beings de jandar okdy. There was not
a living soul in the house.; janly-jandar
(comp. of janly) living being, creature
az paslynda janly-jandarlar kpelrler.
In spring living beings multiply.;
mahluk 1 [mahlu:k] n creature, being
Kne htde ge mahluklar barada grr
edilr. There is told about strange
creatures in the Old Testament.
crche agalar bakjasy (comp. of bakja)
nursery school, kindergarten, crche
agalar, agalar bakjasynda wagtyny
adyan hem pedaly geirrler.
Children in a nursery school have an
enjoyable and productive time. agalar
bakjasynda terbieiler agalar in
gyzykly sahnalary goarlar. In a nursery
school the carers put on interesting
shows for the children.
credit hyzmat 2 n merit, desert, credit;
kredit ['kredit] cf: karz. n credit; (bookkeeping) credit kredit bermek to give
credit kredit gobermek to supply on
credit uzak mhletli kredit long-term
credit
creditor ykaryjy n creditor, someone
who extracts funds (from a bank
account)
cricket yrlak n cricket {insect}
crime jenaat 1 [jena:at] n crime,
offence; jenaatylyk 1 [jena:atylyk]
n crime (in general), felony, attack,

criminal act Daary urtlarda kp

jenaatylyk edilr. Many crimes were
done in foreign countries.
criminal jenaat 2 [jena:at] adj
criminal, felonious jenaat i criminal
case jenaat kodeksi criminal code;
jenaaty [jena:aty] cf: jenaatkr.
n criminal, offender, felon dwlet
jenaatysy someone who has
committed a crime against the state;
jenaatkr [jena:atkr] cf: jenaaty.
n criminal Bu adamy jenaatkr
hasaplap, trm saldylar. They decided
he was a criminal and jailed him.
criminality jenaatylyk 2
[jena:atylyk] n criminality
cripple olak n cripple; mayp [ma:yp]
n cripple mayp adam cripple, crippler
mayp bolmak to be cripple, become
crippled mayp etmek to cripple
crisis krizis ['krizis] n crisis kdysady
krizis ecomomic crisis
critic tankyty [tanky:ty] n critic
critical tankydy adj critical, critically
criticise tankytlamak [tanky:tlamak] v to
criticise
criticism tankyt [tanky:t] n criticism
tankyt etmek to criticize edebi tankyt
literary criticism
crooked egri 1 cf: el. adj curved, crooked
egri sen aga crooked tree egri yzyk
(math.) curved line comp. aagyny egri
basmak comp. egri oturyp, dogry
grlemek/szlemek comp. eli egri ;
gyyk [gy:yk] adj crooked, curved;
uneven gyyk yzyk curved line
crops ekin n crops, cultivation ekin
medany cultivated field ekinler ggerr
The crops are growing. dneli ekinler
cereals
cross atanak 1 n (diagonal) cross atanak
ekmek to cross out, negate Mugallym
okuwyny iine atanak ekdi. The
teacher crossed out the student's
homework. aga atanak yzyklary
ekr. The child is drawing crossed
lines. comp. atanak ekmek ; ha n
cross gyzyl ha red cross Gyzyl Ha we
Gyzyl aryma jemgyeti Red Cross and
Red Crescent Society; tmek 1 cf:

dnden tmek
tmek. v to cross deradan tmek to
cross a river comp. dnden tmek
cross oneself okunmak 2 v to cross
oneself, pray (as Christians do),
genuflect Ol balygy nde okunar.
S/he shows deference to the boss.
cross out yzmak 2 v cross_out ol sz
yzmaly. That word needs to be crossed
out.
crossed haly adj crossed, with a cross
haly ri The Crusades
crossing geme n crossing, (under)pass
oldan geme a (pedestrian) crossing
oldan geme dzgni the rule of crossing
road
crossroads atryk n crossroads
crow garagu1 n crow, vulture, raven,
eagle (sem. domains: 1.6 - Animal.);
garga n crow, raven gara garga crow,
raven gk garga the blue crow say.
Garga gargany gzni okmaz
crowd jygyldyk 1 n crowd, throng, crush,
squash, scrum Jygyldyk adamdan dolydy.
The big market was crowded with
people.; kplik 1 n crowd, people,
throng; kplk 1 n crowd, crush, a
large proportion (of), multitude comp.
kplk san ; sri 2 n crowd {people};
topbak 2 n crowd; mek1 2 n crowd
bozgaklary megi mege goulmak to
mingle in the crowd
crowded kp adamly (comp. of kp)
populous, crowded Londony keleri
elmydama kp adamly. London streets
are always crowded.
crown t n crown, birth mark nart
pomegranate(-coloured) crown (i.e.
birth mark) [girls are named this if they
have a birth mark, to make sure that it
disappears when they grow up]
cruel do rek (comp. of do) adj
merciless, cruel Do rek adamda
rehim, mhir, muhabbet ok. The person
does not have any mercy, kindness or
love. ; zabun [zabu:n] adj cruel Bu
urdu patyasy gaty zabun adam eken.
The king of this country was a very
cruel man.
cruelty
crumb owuntyk n crumb, small pieces;
splinter, fragment, sliver rek owuntygy

76
crumb of bread aga owuntyklary
splinter of wood ana owuntyklary
fragment of broken glass
crush dwmek 4 v crush, grind; kl
etmek (comp. of kl) to crush, to
smash (to pieces) agajyk elindki
ounjagy kl etdi. the child smashed his
toy into pieces.; owratmak v to crush,
crumble, break into pieces odun
owratmak to chop/split wod comp. otuz
ikii owradaryn
cry aglamak [a:glamak] v to cry, weep;
aglamak [a:glamak] v to cry together;
yrlamak v to cry lightly; weep bitterly,
cry; gykylyk 1 [gy:kylyk] n cry, shout,
yell, scream, howl, noise, hubbub
adamlary gykylygy hubbub/noise of
people gykylyk turuzmak to make a noise
cry out zrletmek to cry out, cry out loud
Ol gyz ejesini grp, zrledip aglady. That
girl cried out loud when she saw her
mother.
cube kub 1 n cube iki kubda two cubed
{mathematics}
cubic metre kub 2 n cubic metre kub mert
cubic metre kub leg cubic measure,
volume {colloq}; kubometr
[kubo'metr] n cubic metre howa we suw
kubometrlerde lelr. gases and water
are measured in cubic metres
cucumber hyar [hya:r] n cucumber
(sem. domains: 1.5 - Plant.)
culprit sebpkr n culprit; hero tou
sebpkri hero of the wedding-party
cultivated bejerilmek 2 v to be worked,
cultivated Bejerilen ekin gowy hasyl
getirr. Cultivated land produces a
good crop.
cultural medeni [medeni:] adj cultural
medeni merkez cultural centre; ruhy 2
[ru:hy] adj cultural, intellectual ruhy
balyklar cultural wealth
culturally medenietli adv culturally, in
a civilized manner medenietli dyn
almak to have a good rest
culture medeniet n culture medeniet i
cultural centre
cummerbund bilguak [bi:lguak] n
cummerbund, waistband, (cloth) belt
Ejem kakama kedeli bilguak tikip

77

normal
beripdi. My mother embroidered a
cummerbund for my father.
cunning emel 4 n cunning comp. z
emeline zi olamak ; hilegrlik
[hi:legrlik] n cunning, guile, craftiness,
wile hilegrlik etmek to use cunning/
guile, to dissemble; pirim 1 n cunning,
slyness, guile, craft, swindle, tricks pirim
etmek to use cunning, be cunning/
crafty; to swindle comp. birini
pirimine dmek ; eser adj cunning Bu
juda eser aga. He is very cunning
child.
cup kse n cup, drinking bowl, goblet
ks a gmak to pour tea (into a cup)
akse bowl, large cup [without a
handle]
cupbearer saky [sa:ky] n cupbearer, wine
steward
cupboard kaf n cupboard, wardrobe
curd gurt n curd
curds penir [peni:r] n curds, cheese
penir etmek to make cheese penir
taarlanan er cheese dairy, creamery
{sheep, goats}
curl bura adj curl, curly, frizzy Bu
gyzjagazy bura-bura salaryny
daramaga kyndyr. It's hard to comb that
girl's frizzy hair. Duralgada bura saly
grmege igit grdim. I saw a good
looking young man with curly hair at
the stop. Dellekhanada himia kmegi
bilen saymy bura etdirdim. At the
hairdressers I got the hairdresser to
perm my hair.
current akym 1 n current, flow urdu
ykdysady akymy pese gidr. The
country's economy is going downhill.
Mdir ii z akymyna goberdi. The
manager worked at his own pace.;
gndelik 1 cf: gndeki. n current,
present-day gndelik iler current/
routine affairs gndelik habarlar current
news gndelik maglumatlar daily
information
curse gargamak v to curse, to swear (at),
scold, run down, ; lagnat n curse,
damnation lagnat atmak to curse, damn
lagnat sien! Damn it! Meni ksni in
saa lagnat bolsun! I curse you for that
you have made me suffer; nlet 1 n
curse nlet etmek to curse someone Nlet

bolsun! Damn it!; nletlemek 1 v to

curse, damn Ol ogryny nletledi. He
cursed the theif.
curse, swearing gargy n curse, swearing
gargy sien damned gargy etmek to
curse gargy agdyrmak to tell a lot of
swear
curtain perde 1 n curtain sahnany perdesi
curtain of a stage perdni gobermek to
drop the curtain perdni galdyrmak to
raise the curtain penjir perde tutmak to
close the curtains perde ayldy. The
curtain was opened.; tuty n curtain,
dividing curtain [Traditionally hung in
a yurt to provide privacy between
members of an extended family.]
curtained perdeli 1 adj curtained, having
a curtain, with a curtain perdeli penjire
curtained window, a window with
curtains
curved egrem-bugram adj curved,
crooked, twisting, winding egrembugram odajyk twisting path
custom dessur [dessu:r] n custom,
tradition dessur bolup galmak to become
a tradition milli dessur national
tradition; dp 1 n custom, tradition,
usage, habit aulyny hormatlamak dp
bolupdyr. It was the custom to respect
the elder. dp etmek to get accustomed/
used (to), get into the habit of dp
bolmak to become accustomed to, get
used to; kada 2 [ka:da] cf: normal. n
custom, tradition, rules of etiquette,
rules of behaviour zi alyp
barmaklygy kadalary one's own set way
of doing things; relge 1 n custom,
tradition kne relgni tutmak to keep
up old customs kne relge bilen in the
old fashion, in the old way
customer alyjy n customer, buyer,
purchaser; shopper
customs gmrk 1 n customs gmrk
dzgni customs regulations gmrk
deklarasiasy customs declarations
customs house gmrkhana
[gmrkha:na] n customs office,
customs house
cut bejermek 4 v to cut, style z saymy
bejerrin I cut my own hair.; k 1 n
cut knegi gi the cut of a dress;
gyrkmak v to cut, shave, prune, cut

gzi gymaar.

78

back, shear; gymak v to cut, cut with

scissors gay bilen kagyz gy to cut
paper with scissors comp. gzi
gymaar. comp. nika gymak comp.
regi gymaar ; kesmek2 1 v to cut
rek kesmek to cut the bread matany
kesmek cut the cloth edi lp, bir ke
measure seven times, but cut once
(Prov) (sem. domains: 3.5.4.2 - Saying,
proverb.); atyrmak 3 [atyrmak] v to
cut, harvest {grass, hay and grains}
comp. atyr ; ygmak 4 v to scythe, cut
zmiler zmi ygdylar. Farmers cut
the grapes. {grains, grasses} comp.
agzyy ygmak
cut into pieces bleklemek 2
[b:leklemek] v to cut into pieces Tze
eti bleklp hem duzlap gosa et tagamly

bolar. If you take fresh meat and cut it

into pieces then salt it, the meat will be
tasty. Gya inden taarlyk grip odyny
apyp bleklemeli.
cut off relations aagyy kesmek (comp.
of aak) to cut off relations
cut out bimek1 v to cut, cut out geim bi
to cut cloth for a material etjek ileri
planyny bimek to prepare the plan for
future work
cutter biimi n cutter, tailor, seamstress
[the person who cuts out the pieces of
material in the correct shape for the
tailor or seamstress to sow them
together]; apyjy n cutter aga apyjy
woodcutter

Dd

dagger gama n dagger, short sword iti

gama sharp dagger gama dakynmak to
wear a dagger; hanjar n dagger
daily gndeki cf: gndelik. adj daily,
everyday gndeki gazetler daily papers,
dailies
dairymaid sagymy n dairymaid,
milkmaid belli sagymy dairymaid who
has been honoured for her work
dam bent3 1 n dam suwu ne bent
gurmak to build a dam; bwet 1 n dam,
weir Bwetlenen suw joyp stinden akyp
ugrady. The dammed water bubbled up
and flowed over the top. Mellegi suwarar
aly apdan gelan suwy bwetlp,
zmize gary akdyrdym. bwet basmak
comp. bwet bolmak ; bwet basmak (
bwet) v to dam, block up; dykyn 1 n
dam, barrier, block, obstruction dykyn
bolmak to become obstructed, get
blocked up Ien naharym simn dykyn
bolup dur. The meal which I ate does not
digest and gets barrier in the throat.
Turba ii geden aa dykyn bolupdyr.
The lines were blocked by the sand.;

gay n dam, dike gay gurmak to dam,

dike, block up
damage pahynlamak 1 v to trample
down, to damage mallar ekinleri
pahynlapdyr the cattle damaged the
crops; weranylyk [wera:nylyk] n
damage Sil kp weranylyk getirdi. the
flood brought a lot of damage
Damascus steel jwher 2 n Damascus
steel jwher gyly sword/sabre of
Damascus steel, Damascus blade
damn Gyrylmy! (comp. of gyrylmak)
Damn!
damned zaar adj damn; damned,
cursed Zaar, meni ene-de aldapdyrow. Damn! He spoke a lie to me again.
{colloq}
damp ygly [y:gly] adj damp, wet,
moist, humid; yzgar [yzga:r] n
moisture, damp yzgar ekmek to absorb,
soak up moisture
dampness ze n dampness, moisture,
humidity ze er damp/moist/wet place
ze bolmak to become damp/moist/
humid

79

palamak
damson ala n damson [a small kind of
plum]
dance onamak 3 cf: onamak. v to
dance; tans n dance tans etmek to dance
danger hatar1 n danger, peril, risk; howp
1 n danger, peril howp abanmak to be in
danger lm howpy danger of death Oa
hi zat howp salanok. He is in no danger.
dangerous hatarly adj dangerous, risky,
perilous hatarly i risky business hatarly
er dangerous place hatarly oun risky
game, gamble; howply adj dangerous,
perilous howply er dangerous place
dark garaky adj dark (at night) garaky
ja dark room Em garaky ddi. it
got dark garaky gije dark eveniig gze
drtme garaky It is very dark. Bu teklip
meni in garaky. This suggestion is
dark for me.; gsi cf: k. dark, not
giving much light Keseli zi gsi
grnrdi. The ill person's face was
dark.
darken garalmak2 2 v to darken, get dark,
grow dark Irik garaldy. It grew dark.
comp. garalyp durmak
darkness gara 2 adj darkness, shadow
comp. gara altyn comp. gara bagt comp.
gara bur comp. gara gn comp. gara
hat comp. gara i comp. gara say.
garasy itmek ; garakylyk 1 n
darkness, the dark Bu eri nhili
garakylyk! How dark it is here!
garakylykda hereket etmek to move in
the dark; tm darkness; tmlk n
darkness
dash yzyk 2 n dash, hyphen kese yzyk
hyphen uzyn kese yzyk (long) dash
{grammar}; okdurylmak v to dash,
dart, rush okdurylyp barmak to take to
one's heels, rush away
dastan dessan [dessa:n] n dastan - an
ornate form of oral history from Central
Asia. halk dessany legend about a
national hero [a genre in which an oral
epic contains alternate verse and prose]
{lit}
date horma n date; hurma 2 n date (fruit)
(sem. domains: 1.5.5 - Parts of a plant.)
comp. hurma agay comp. hurma
palmasy ; sene 2 n date, day anly sene
glorious date, glorious day

daughter gyz 3 [gy:z] n daughter Bu

meni gyzym. This is my daughter. gyz
ykarmak to give one's daughter in
marriage to someone comp. gelin-gyz
comp. gyz-oglan
dawn da n daybreak, dawn Da atdy.
Morning broke, dawn came. da saz
bermek to realise that dawn is breaking
dayy atyrmak the coming of morning
/dawn, to wake up in the morning da
yldyzy morning star da apagy
morning dawn Da agardy. Day/dawn is
breaking. ; dadan 1 [dadan] n dawn,
first light, daybreak; sher adv dawn,
daybreak
day gn 2 n day bu/u gn today u gnki
gazet today's paper i gni the working
day zhmet gn shift (i.e. work) ol gn
that day bir gn one day gnde everyday
uzak(ly) gn all day long ; gndiz adv in
the daytime, by day gije-gndiz day and
night I gndiz dowam etdi. Work went
on round the clock. gndiz ilemek to
work day and night gndizi dowamynda
over/during twenty-four hours; gnlk
adj day, daily, of...days, -day bir gnlk
gazan day's pay iki gnlk i work
lasting two days, two-day job
day after day gnsayn [gnsa:yn] adv
day by day, day after day, from day to
day aga gnsayn sr. Child grows
up day by day.
day after tomorrow birign [bi:rign]
adv the day after tomorrow Men birign
ie ykmaly. I have to work the day after
tomorrow. Krhanamyzy bildiri
tagtasynda, birign owar bolar diip
azyk. Birign meni dogylan gnim.
day before yesterday in [i:n] adv
the day before yesterday
dead li 1 adj dead, deceased ne li ne diri
more dead than alive li aly atmak to
sleep like the dead ruhy tadan li
spiritually dead lini kesmek to dissect,
cut up a corpse comp. li soragyny
soramak
deaf g n deaf-and-dumb; ker n deaf ker
bolmak to be/become deaf ol btinlein
ker he is profoundly deaf
deal palamak 3 [pa:lamak] cf:
palamak. v to deal Kim palamaly?
Whose deal is it? {cards}

jan etmek
dear eziz [ezi:z] adj dear, precious Ezizim!
My dear! eziz dost eziz adam dear person
eziz grmek to love eziz tutmak to keep
lovely/precious; gadyrly adj dear, close,
respectable, esteemed gadyrly myhman
respectable guest gadyrly grmek to
greet someone kindly; jan 3 [ja:n] adj
dear, beloved janym meni! My dear! jan
dost! Dear friend! {for a cause} comp.
jan etmek comp. jana-jan comp. janyy
akmak ; mhrem adj dear; beloved,
loved mhrem garynda close relative;
mhriban [mhriba:n] adj dear;
beloved, loved mhriban ene beloved
mother meni mhriban watany my
beloved motherland/country mhriban
ene dear mother mhriban dogan dear
brother Sen meni mhribanym. You are
my beloved. mhriban Watan dear
country mhriban toprak dear fertile
death ajal n death; lm 1 n death, dying
lm jezasy capital punishment, death
penalty lm assygy deathbed lm
assygynda atmak to be on one's
deathbed lm adam salamaz. Death is
the grand leveller. Ajal etmese, lm
ok. One does not die before death.
(sem. domains: 3.5.4.2 - Saying,
proverb.) comp. lmi nde
debatable dawaly 1 [da:wa:ly] adj
disputable, debatable, controversial
dawaly mesele controversial question
debt algy n debt; bergi bermek v to pay a
debt, pay off a loan; be indebted Meni u
uly derej etiren enem-atama, indi z
gezegimde olara seredip bergimi berrin.
I'm indebted to my parents that I was
able to reach such a high level.; bergi n
debt Ja alanymyzda biraz bergi etdik. In
order to buy a house we borrowed some
money.; bor 1 [bo:r] n debt
deceased merhum 1 [merhu:m] adj
deceased, those who have died
deceive aldamak [a:ldamak] v deceive,
swindle, cheat ; lie; aldawa salmak
(comp. of salmak) to deceive
deceived aldanmak [a:ldanmak] v to be
deceived, be cheated; to be
disappointed
December dekabr cf: bitaraplyk2. n
December (sem. domains: 8.4.1.4 Month.)

80
deception ikilik 2 cf: ikizllik. n
deception ikilik etmek to deceive, to
cheat {fig}; sap4 n deception, trickery,
fraud, cunning, slyness sap atmak to
deceive, trick, use cunning, be cunning/
crafty
decide bellisini etmek (comp. of belli) to
decide something; zmek 2 v to
decide, solve krosword zmek to do a
crossword puzzle
decimal onluk 2 [o:nluk] num decimal
onluk drob decimal fraction (sem.
domains: 8.1.2.1 - Mathematics.)
decision zgt n decision, answer,
solution zgt tapmak to reach a
decision; karar2 [kara:r] n decision,
resolution, decree karar etmek to decide,
resolve, judge; to decree karara gelmek
to decide, make up one's mind, come to
a decision, find resolution; decree, judge
Men onu bilen zbe-z geplemeli dien
karara geldim. I decided to talk with him
face to face.
decisive agytly 1 adj decisive,
courageous, daring, bold agytly dim
decisive step
decisively agytly 2 adv decisively; zlkesil adv decisively, absolutely, firmly
zl-kesil gary bolmak to resist firmly,
to have a firm objection meselni zlkesil gomak to put the task firmly
declare yglan etmek 2 [ygla:n etmek] v
to declare Ol patyany garysyna uru
yglan etdi. He declared war against the
king. uru yglan etmek to declare war
decline pese dmek (comp. of pes) to
collapse, decline; peslemek 2 v to
decline
decorate bezemek1 v to decorate, dress
up Durmua ykan gyzy rn owadan
bezediler. They dressed up the girl who
was getting married very beautifully.
comp. Adamy zhmet bezer. ; orden
n order; decoration orden bilen
sylaglamak to decorate, award someone
a medal/title; zynatlamak
[zy:natlamak] v to decorate ierini
zynatlamak to decorate a room
decorated haamly adj decorated,
ornamented, beautiful

81

adwokat
decoration bezeg n decoration,
adornment, ornament; beauty gymmar
bahaly bezegler valuable ornaments
Trkmen halysy bezegi. Turkmen
rugs make one's home beautiful.; zynat
[zy:nat] n decoration zynat bermek to
decorate Ol zne zynat berdi. She
beautified herself.
decrease azalmak [a:zalmak] v to reduce,
lessen, decrease Otlyny gelmegine wagt
azalar. There's not much time until the
train comes.; ekilmek 3 v to diminish,
decrease, drop (off), fall Derany suwy
ekilipdir. The river's water level has
dropped/fallen. Dutary iki kiri de
ekilipdir. Kl suwy ekilipdir. Agabat
Daoguz aralygyna da ol ekildi.
Mayny oturgylaryna gn ekilipdir.;
peselmek 1 cf: peseltmek. v to
decrease, fall, be on their way down
Gk ekinleri bahalary peselr. The
price of vegetables are decreasing.;
peseltmek 2 cf: peselmek. v to
decrease Toty gu ganatlaryny gi gerip,
badyny peseltdi-de... The parrot spread
its wings and decreased its speed...
decree perman [perma:n] n decree, order,
edict patyany permany bilen by the
king's decree perman ykarmak to issue
an order/edict/decree
dedicate bagy etmek v to dedicate,
devote; donate Watanym in malmlkmi bagy etmge kayl. I was happy
to donate my flocks and possessions to
my mother country. Nahardan so lenitenlere bagy edip, aat-twir okalar.
After eating, those lost and died are
dedicated and/as some scripture and a
grace is read. agalar ne bir-ne
onawa bagy etdim. I donated several
toys to the nursery.; bagylamak 1 v to
dedicate G-kuwatyny nmilige
bagylady. He gave his strength and
health to (factory) production.
Gahrymanlar janyny ei in
bagyladylar. The heroes dedicated their
lives to gaining victory. Babadahan
btin mrni eken baglaryna bagylady.
The patron saint of farming devoted his
whole life to planted gardens. comp.
Bagyla!
dedicated bagylanmak v to be
dedicated, be devoted Jenaaty

gnsini azda-knde bagylanmagy in,

derew iine kmek etdi. Criminals,
whether they have few or many sins,
are quickly helped into work.
deed dokument 2 [doku'ment] n deed u
ja meni hususy eeiligimde
durandygyny sbt edn dokument. This
deed is proof that I own the house.
deep agras 3 adj deep agras ses deep
voice; aagy [aa:gy] adj deep down;
berk 4 adj deep berk uka gitmek to go
into a deep sleep; u adj deep u
dera u olara batyrar. It makes one
think deeply. u bilim almak; uluk n
deep (place), depth(s); ulyk n deep
(place), depth(s); ogyn 3 [ogy:n]
unknown {voice}
deeply zar-zar 1 [za:r-za:r] adv deeply Ol
aryndan arylyp, zar-zar ah ekdi. He
removed from her lover and deeply
suffered.
deepness ogynlyk 3 [ogy:nlyk] n
{voice}
deer sugun n deer
defeat derbi-dagyn [derbi-da:gyn] adv
defeat derbi-dagyn etmek to break
something up, rout (an army), defeat
someone Olar dumany derbi-dagyn
etdiler. They defeated their enemy.;
emek 2 v to defeat, beat Dumanlar
olary gnde edi. Enemies defeated
them in three days.
defect ikes n defect, deformity, harm ol
helkiliginde hi kim ikes almandyr.
Nobody was harmed in the road
accident. Seni regide ikes ok.
There is no defect in your heart.
defence adwokat [adwa'kat] cf: aklawy.
n defence lawyer, barrister; aklawy
[a:klowjy] cf: adwokat. n council for
the defence, barrister, advocate
defendant gnkr 2 n the accused,
defendant gnkrden sorag etmek to
question/interrogate the defendant
deficit kemlik n lack (of), deficiency (in),
shortage (of), deficit kemlik etmek to be
missing saa nme kemlik edr? what
are you short of?, what are you
missing? ii gjni kemligi shortage of
manpower

belli bahasy ok
define kesgitlemek v to define, to
determine, establish, ascertain bahasyny
kesgitlemek to ascertain the cost
definite belli 2 adj definite, certain
Dermany belli wagtda imeli. You have to
take the medecine at certains times of
day. comp. belli bahasy ok comp. belli
derejede comp. bellisini etmek ; kesgitli
adj definite, concrete, exact, clear Gyz
razy dldigini adyp, oglana kesgitli jogap
berdi. The girl made clear to the boy
that she disagreed.; magat definite
definitely asyl2 conjunction definitely Asyl
ol ogry ekeni. He is definitely the thief.;
hkman [hkma:n] adv definitely,
without fail, surely, absolutely,
undoubtedly, mandatory, obligatory
Men hkman gelerin. I shall come
without fail. Ol hkman ol erde bolar.
He is sure to be there, he is bound to be
there. hkman gelmeli. Attendance is
obligatory.
degree dereje 3 cf: kategoria. n degree
akademik derejesi academic degree
alymlyk derejesi science degree
degree(s) gradus n degree, degrees
celcius, Fahrenheit Howany gyzgynlygy
bu gn kyrk gradusa etdi. Today's
maximum (temperature) is forty degrees
(celcius). ep bur - 30 gradus. The angle
on the left hand side is 30 degrees.
delay eglemek v to delay, detain, keep
(off) Ony eglediler. He was delayed. say.
Dostuy egleme, nepden galmasyn,
Dumany saklama, syry bilmesin ;
eglenmek v to stay too long, delay one's
departure Ol dkanda eglendi. He stayed
too long in the shop. Eglenme-de
Agabada! Hurry to Ashgabat! Eglenmede, alt gel! Do not delay, come quickly!;
gijikdirmek v to delay
deliberately agras 2 adj deliberately
agras hereket etmek to do something (an
action) deliberately; bilgelein
deliberately
delicate nzik 3 adj delicate, fine nzik
aga delicate child nzik gyz delicate girl
comp. tene nzik
delirium samyrdy 1 n delirium,
mutter(ing), mumble, mumbling

82
deliver etirmek 1 v to deliver, to carry
something to someone Haty eesine
etirdim. I delivered the letter to it's
owner. etirjek bolmak to make
something last Ol z pikirini oa etirdi.
He told her of his idea. Murad esesine
elini etirdi. Murad touched the back of
his head. comp. dil etirmek comp. gz
etirmek comp. erine etirmek comp.
etirjek bolmak
delivered gowurylmak v to be
delivered, be handed over, be given
demand talap etmek v to demand,
require, claim
demean oneself kielmek 4 v to demean
oneself birini nde kielmek to
demean oneself in front of somebody
democracy demokratia n democracy
democratic demokratik [demo'kratik] adj
democratic demokratik respublika
democratic republic
demolish ykmak 1 v to demolish, pull
down (e.g., building) Bizi urdumyzda
kne jalary ykyp, tzeleri gurarlar. In
our country, old houses are pulled
down, and new ones are built up. comp.
gwnni ykmak comp. ni ykmak
comp. ykan-umran
demonstrate subut etmek [subu:t etmek]
v to demonstrate, prove
demonstration demonstrasia 1
[demon'strasia] n demonstration
demonstrasia etmek demonstrate ynsan
hukuklary ugrundaky demonstrasia
human rights demonstration uru
hereketlerine gary demonstrasia etmek
anti-war demonstration; grkezme 1 n
showing, demonstration comp.
grkezme alymasy
den hin [hi:n] n den, lair, hole, form,
burrow garynja hini ant-hill
denial inkr n denial comp. inkr etmek
deny inkr etmek (comp. of inkr) to
deny, to disclaim agzyny kprjiklemek
to foam at the mouth
depart dalamak 1 v to depart, move
away (from) kenar kem-kemden
dalaardy the shore receded
department blm 1 [b:lm] n
department, section, division Meni
daym blm mdiri bolup iler. My

83

bay dmek
uncle works as department head.
Keselhana i sorap umumy blmine
bardym. I went to the general
department of the hospital to ask for
work. Meni doganym Duak serhet
blminde gulluk etdi. My brother
Dushak served in the border division.
depend on garamak2 3 v to discuss, look
at tze meselelere garamak look to new
problems adam takdyryna adalatly
garamak to look human life fairly comp.
bir ele garamak
dependence apjalyk 1 n dependence
apjalyk etmek to be dependent (on)
dependent bagly [ba:gly] adj to be
connected with, dependent on Men
kmek edip biljek dl, meni elim bagly. to
have one's hands tied - can't do
anything Arassa tebigaty ekologiasy
adamlara bagly. The ecology of clean
nature is connected with people.
Okuwylary gowy bilimi mugallyma
bagly. The students' good learning
depends on the teacher. Alyk hakymyz
ndrn nmize bagly. Our monthly
wage depends on how much we
produce. Obany saglyk ojagy sebiti
merkezi keselhanasyna bagly. Your village
clinic is connected with the region's
central hospital.; bakna adj dependent
on, subordinate, part of the empire of
18-nji asyrda Hindistan Beik Britania
bakna urduna degilidi. During the 18th
century India was part of the British
empire.; garaly adj dependent, subject
garaly urtlar countries/states
dependent on another country garaly
bolmak to be subject (to) birine garaly
bolmak to be dependent on somebody
garaly urtlar dependent countries ;
golasty adj dependent, colonial,
subordinate golasty urtlar tributary
countries golastynda bolmak be
subordinate (to), be under the command
(of); apja 1 adj dependent apja adam
dependent person
deposit girew 1 n deposit, [put down on
borrowed goods] Men alan karzyma z
maynymy girew godum. I put my car as
deposit for my borrowed money. [put
down on borrowed goods]; gomak 4 v
to deposit comp. at gomak comp.
gadam gomak ; goum n deposit (in a

bank account), investment; kn2 n pit,

mine, well, deposit nebit knleri oil
fields kmr knleri coal fields oltende
tze nebit knleri tapyldy. New oil fields
were found in Yoloten.
depositor goumy n depositor, investor
depot park3 2 n depot tramwa parky tram
depot aftopark bus depot {public
transport}
depressed kepsiz 1 adj depressed, down,
low, gloomy, out of sorts, in a bad mood
ol dn kepsizdi he was in a bad mood
yesterday
depression o1 1 [o:] n depression, low
place Gounlar oa indiler. The sheep
went down the depression.
deprive dyndarmak 2 [dy:ndarmak] v to
deprive someone of
deprive of gayrmak 4 v to deprive (of)
gjni gayrmak to weaken, enfeeble
comp. bir he gayrmak comp. boun
gayrmak comp. ynjalygyny gayrmak
depths jmm 1 n heart, depths, bowels,
centre tokay jmmi the depths of the
forest eri jmmi bowels of the earth
halky jmminde in the midst of the
people
deputy deputat [depu'tat] n deputy;
orunbasar n deputy, assistant dekany
orunbasary assistant dean direktory
orunbasary assistant director ministri
orunbasary deputy minister
dervish, sufi derw n dervish - a
member of any of several Muslim
fraternities vowed to poverty and
austerity
descend aaklamak 1 [aa:klamak] v to
come down, descend, land Gn
aaklady. The sun has sunk below the
horizon.; dmek2 1 cf: dnmek. v
to come down, to descend, alight, get
off, get down from Ol dagdan aak ddi.
She/he came down the mountain.
Awusidik agasy agadan aak ddi.
The squirrel ran down the tree.
mayndan dmek to get out of the car
atdan dmek to dismount, get down
from a horse Atapar atdan ddi. The
jockey dismounted. comp. abradan
dmek comp. aa dmek comp. aagy
dmek comp. ara dmek comp. bay

ke dmek
dmek comp. ke dmek comp. ele
dmek comp. gorka dmek comp.
haldan dmek comp. howsala dmek
comp. jayna dmek comp. kne
dmek comp. kjesine dmek comp.
ruhdan dmek comp. salkyn dmek
comp. surata dmek comp. tapdan
dmek comp. stnden dmek1 comp.
yka dmek comp. ada dmek comp.
ola dmek comp. rege dmek ;
dmek2 12 cf: dnmek. v fall,
descend, settle (e.g. a glance or a gaze)
comp. abradan dmek comp. aa
dmek comp. aagy dmek comp.
ara dmek comp. bay dmek comp.
ke dmek comp. ele dmek comp.
gorka dmek comp. haldan dmek
comp. howsala dmek comp. jayna
dmek comp. kne dmek comp.
kjesine dmek comp. ruhdan dmek
comp. salkyn dmek comp. surata
dmek comp. tapdan dmek comp.
stnden dmek1 comp. yka dmek
comp. ada dmek comp. ola dmek
comp. rege dmek ; emek 1 v to
come/go down, descend/to run
basganakdan aak emek to run to
downstairs; inmek [i:nmek] v to come
down, to descend dagdan aak inmek to
come down the mountain Perideler
asmandan aak inermi. Olary Alla
iberermi. It is said that Allah will send
the Angels and they will come down
from the heavens. comp. dn inmek
comp. rehimi inmek comp. tzeden
dn inmek ; peslemek 1 v to
descend, go/come down, lose height
peslp umak to fly low
descendants nesil 1 n descendants Onu
nesli kp. His descendents are many. Ol
znden nesil galdyrmady. He left no
direct descendents.; perzentlik n
descendants; zrat [zra:t] n
descendant(s), child(ren) Ynsana nesiller
dowam eder aly zrat gerek. Human
needs child in order to continue his
generation.
describe suratlandyrmak v to describe,
to refer to; teswirlemek to describe,
give an account
description wasp adj description wasp
etmek to describe Ol sn gyzyny wasp

84
edip, gogy azdy. He wrote a poem,
describing the girl he loves.
desert l n desert arym l semi-desert;
llk n desert, wilderness
deserter gagak 2 n deserter comp.
gagak haryt
design proekt 2 cf: programma,
maksatnama. n design jay proekti
design of a building {drawing}
desire gwn 2 n desire gwnden turmak
to satisfy one's desires gwne aramak to
like comp. gwne almak comp. gwne
gelmek comp. gwne ja bolmak comp.
gwn bitgin comp. gwn holamak
comp. gwn-isleg comp. gwn-kine
comp. gwnne dwmek ; hyjuw 2 n
wish, desire, thirst ar almak hyjuwy
thirst for revenge; isleg 1 n want,
desire, wish, hunger z islegi bouna of
one's own accord isleg bildirmek to
express one's wish comp. gwn-isleg
comp. isleg-arzuw ; islemek 1 v to
want, desire, feel a need to do sth. isln
wagty any time, whenever you want
islese-islemese
desires isleg-arzuw (comp. of isleg) adv
desires Go, seni isleg-arzuwlary amala
asyn! Let your desires/dreams become
true!
despite garamazdan conjunction in spite
of, despite mua garamazdan despite the
fact that
despot zalym 1 [za:lym] n despot, tyrant
Zalymlar urdy g bilen dolandyrarlar.
Tyrants lead the country with power.
destiny mala 2 n fate, destiny; lot gara
mala ill-fated, ill-starred
malaydakyny grmek to tempt fate
malaa azylandan ykma ok one can't
escape one's destiny malay ayk
bolsun! be happy! comp. mala derii
samak comp. malay aylmak comp.
malaydan diremek ; nesip 2 [nesi:p]
n God's blessing; fate, destiny Men ertir
bararyn, nesip bolsa. I'll go along
tomorrow, God willing. Amerika gitmek
maa nesip etmedi. It was not my destiny
to go to America.; azgyt n
predetermination, predestination, fate,
destiny, fortune azgytda nme bolsa
grmeli bolarys. We will have what's
written in our destiny.

85

gndeki
destitute
destroy bozmak 1 v to destroy, knock
down Kne jaymyzy bozup erine tze
ja gurmaly. The waste ground where
our house used to be before it was
knocked down needs to have a new
house build in it. Gadymy bozulan
ymaratlary tzeden dikeltmeli. Joram bilen
igit aljak zady stnde keleip
aramyz bozyldy.; dargatmak v to
destroy, wreck; gyrmak2 v to destroy,
exterminate, kill mjekler gyrmak to kill
wolves dumany gyrmak to annihilate
the enemy Ot hli zady gyrdy. The fire
has destroyed everything.; helklemek
1 v destroy, kill, annihilate, ruin;
kdrmek 3 cf: kmek. v to destroy,
to ruin mri kdrmek to ruin one's
life; opurmak v to destroy, demolish Sil
kprini opurdy. The flood destroyed the
bridge.; pahynlamak 2 v to destroy,
wipe out, annihilate {fig}; umurmak v
to destroy, demolish jay umurmak to
demolish a house
destroyed wes-weran [wes-wera:n]
(comp. of weran) adv destroyed Sil bu
obany btinle weran edipdir. The flood
had destroyed this village wholy.;
weran [wera:n] adj destroyed,
demolished weran etmek to destroy er
titreme heri weran etdi. The
earthquake destroyed the city. weran
bolmak to collapse Wagt gemegi bilen
jalar weran bolupdyr. Time by time,
houses have been destroyed comp. wesweran ; ykan-umran [yka:numra:n] (comp. of ykmak) adj
completely destroyed, demolished
ykan-umran etmek to destroy,
demolish, ruin, wreck
destruction egsan [egsa:n] n
destruction ertitremede bar zatlar eregsan bolupdyr. Everything was in
destruction at the earthquake. comp.
egsan bolmak
detail detal [de'tal] n detail, small part,
component sagady detallary the parts of
a clock
detective sli n detective, investigator
deteriorate peselmek 2 cf: peseltmek. v
to get worse, worsen, deteriorate, take a
turn for a worse Syrkawy haly peselr.

The patient's health is getting worse.;

tgemek 2 cf: tgetmek. v to
become worse, deteriorate Howa
tgejek bolar. The weather is
becoming worse.; zaalanmak 3
[za:alanmak] v to deteriorate, get into
a bad state Bolup geen urudan so
olary gatnaygy has-da zaalandy. After
the conflict between them, their
relationship deteriorated.
detrimental nogsanlyk [nogsa:nlyk] cf:
nogsan. n detrimental Narkomanylyk
aly nogsanlygy biz aradan ayrmaly. We
must remove detrimental drugs from
among us.
develop abalandyrmak cf:
abalanmak. v to develop, expand
swdany abalandyrmak to expand
trade ii giden abalandyrmak to
place the work on a broad footing
develop roots kk urmak (comp. of
urmak) to take root, put down roots, to
develop roots Tze ekilen gl kk
urupdyr. A newly planted flower had
taken root.
device apparat 1 [appa'rat] cf: enjam. n
appliance, apparatus, device foto
apparat camera
devil iblis [ibli:s] n the devil Iblisi
aldawyna gitme! Do not go to devil's
lies!; melgun2 [melgu:n] n devil Ah, sen
melgun! You little devil!
devotion wepa [wepa:] n faithfulness,
devotion wadada wepa bolmak to be
faithful to your promise; ybadat 2
[yba:dat] n devotion Gzellik ybadat
tjini, takwalyk gerdenligini
dakynmakdadyr. Beauty is in the
wearing of the crown of devotion and
the jewelry of piety.
dialect iwe [i:we] n dialect
diamond almaz 1 n diamond; gwher n
diamond gwher monjuk diamond
necklace
diarrhoea igeme n diarrhoea ganly
igeme bloody discharge
diary gndelik 2 cf: gndeki. n diary,
journal
dictionary szlk n dictionary
die amanadyny tabyrmak (comp. of
amanat) to pass away, to die; baky uka

tgetmek
gitmek (comp. of uky) to go to sleep,
fall into an eternal rest, die arawsyz
atan kakam dogan garyndalary bilen
holayp baky uka gitdi. As he was saying
goodbye my sick father fell into an
eternal rest.; dnden tmek (comp.
of tmek) v to pass away, die;
gutarmak 4 v to die, pass away;
mdimi uka gitmek (comp. of
mdimi) to go to sleep forever, take
one's last sleep ahyr otuz aynda
mdimi uka gitdi. Poet went to sleep
forever at the age of thirty-three.;
lmek 1 v to die lp gitmek to die z
ajalya lmek to die a natural death;
mrni zmek1 (comp. of zmek) to
lose one's life, pass away, die Kakamy
tok urup, b yl mundan ozal mrni
zdi. My father lost his life five years
ago from an electric shock.; pahyr
bolmak (comp. of pahyr) to die;
tgemek 3 cf: tgetmek. v to die
{children}; ogalmak 2 [o:galmak] v
to die Abu Seit ogalandan so
musulman ruhanylary onu guburyny
twereginde onu kultuny dredipdirler.
After Abu Seyit died muslim priests had
created his cult beside his tomb. Ol
uruda ogaldy. He died in the war. {fig}
die down atymak v to die down
agydan so emal atydy. After rain,
the wind died down.
diet berhiz [berhi:z] adj diet Berhizde
bolmak, adamy sagdyn edr. Those who
diet will be healthy.
differ tapowtlanmak v to differ, be
different
difference parh n difference parhy ok. It
makes no difference. Maa parhy ok. I
don't mind (either way). Onu parhyna
dl. It makes no difference to him. parhy
nme? What is the difference?; tapawut
[tapa:wut] n difference tapawudy ok
there's no difference; tgeiklik 1 n
difference, distinction matany biribirinden tgeikligi the difference in
material
different birhili 3 [birhi:li] adj different;
differently Her kim birhili olanar.
Everyone thinks differently.; sayrdy
n different, special, standing out;
tapawutly [tapa:wutly] different;

86
tgeik 1 adj different, difference
tgeik bolmak to be different bu mata
ondan tgeik this cloth is different
from that one
differentiate tapawutlandyrmak
[tapa:wutlandyrmak] v to differentiate;
tapowtlandyrmak v to differentiate,
distinguish between, compare
differently bagaa adj differently Her
tireni halylaryny glleri bagaa
dokalar. Each tribe weaves their carpet
pattern differently.
difficult erbet 3 adj difficult Onu
agday erbet. He's in a difficult
situation.; ine 3 [i:ne] adj difficult,
hard; intricate, delicate ine i difficult/
intricate work; kyn [ky:n] adj difficult,
complicated, hard kyn mesele difficult
task Bu rn kyn mesele. It is a very
difficult issue.; mgil [mgi:l] adj
difficult, hard, complicated mgil i
hard work mgil mesele difficult task
Onu anynda mgil i okdy. He wasn't
afraid of difficulties. Meni anymda
mgil i bolmaz. There is no hard work
near to me.
difficulties aty adv difficulties
difficulty kynylyk [ky:nylyk] cf:
problema. n difficulty, problem
kynylyklary eip gemek to overcome
problems kynylyk dretmek to make/
cause problems kynylyk ekmek to have
problems, to be in difficulty
dig depmek 2 v to dig, loosen (earth),
tread (grapes) er depmek to dig say.
Eek semrese, eesini deper ; gazmak 1
v to dig guy gazmak to dig a well kanal
gazmak to dig a canal; gazynmak v to
dig for oneself erkme gazynmak to dig
an earth-house for oneself kartoka
gazynmak to dig in potatoes; ilemek 2
cf: ilemek. v to dig, turn over er
ilemek to work the land; kwmek v to
dig, make a hole (in), to undermine, to
sap iini kwmek to make a hole (in)
aagyny kwmek to undermine suw
derany kenaryny kwpdir the water
undermined the bank of the river
digest simek 3 v to digest
dignity mertebe 1 n dignity ahsy
mertebi itirmezlik dugusy self-respect
adamkrilik mertebeleri human dignities

87

ugur tapmak
mertebi itirmek to lose one's dignity
mertebi saklamak to stand on one's
dignity; mertebe 2 n dignity, rank,
position belent mertebe high position
diligent yhlasly 2 [yhla:sly] adj diligent,
conscientious yhlasly zhmet ekmek to
work diligently Men onu yhlasly
ileini grp haran galdym. I was so
surprised to see him working diligently.
dill ibit n dill
dinosaur dinozawr [dino'zawr] n
dinosaur
dip basmak 6 v to dip Jenaatyny
barmaklaryny sya basyp, yzyny aldylar.
Criminals' fingers were dipped in ink,
and their fingerprints were taken. say.
Ody ze bas, tmese kesek comp.
zne basmak ; batyrmak v to dip,
dunk regi gamaga batyryp ise sji.
If you dip your bread in cream and eat
it, it is sweet.
direct dogry 3 adj direct, straight dogry
ybyk straight rod dogry yzyk straight
line comp. dogry gelmek comp.
dogrydan gel ; gnkdirmek 1 v to
direct (to, at), turn, show the way (to);
gnkdirmek 2 v to direct (to, at),
concentrate nsi bir zada gnkdirmek to
direct one's attention to something;
syrykdyrmak v to direct; ndemek 1 v
to direct, show the way dogry ola
ndemek to set on the right path adalata
ndemek to direct to justice
direct one's steps towards nelmek
[:nelmek] v to make one's way (to,
towards, into), direct one's steps (to)
uniwersitete tarap nelmek to make one's
way towards the university
directed gnkdirilmek 1 v to be
directed (to), be turned (to/towards)
direct (at, to); turn (to); aim (at), level
(at) ; point (to, toward) ()
direction salgy 1 cf: adres. n direction
salgy almak to ask the way salgy bermek
to show the way, lead; tarap n
direction, side e tarap in the direction
of home ol tarapda in that direction ep
tarapda on the left-hand side; ta 4
[ta:] cf: butada2. n direction, area
ruhy tadan spiritually, from a spiritual
perspective comp. fiziki tadan ;
ugruna 3 cf: ugur. n in the direction of

Baran ugruy tgedip bilmersimi?

Can't you change the direction of your
route? Et dkan hasy ugurda erler?
Which way [should I go] to find a
butchers? In which direction is a
butchers located? Sazy ugruny tgedip,
bagaa saz dzdik. We changed the
motive of the melody and accidentally
composed another one. Taynlaan
ykyymyzy ugruny tgetdik. We
changed the way (abstract sense, as in
method) of our performance. Kyn
meselni zmeli ugruny tapmak in
mugallyma z tutduk. We asked a
teacher how to solve a difficult
problem. emal z ugruny her minutda
tgedrdi. The wind changed direction
every minute. Bizi olumyz ugurda, bile
gidibereli. Our routes are the same, let's
go together. Kp ene-atalar agalaryny
dogry terbeelemn, ugruna gberrler.
Many parents let their kids have their
own way / go their own way, instead of
bringing them up correctly. Men u
otlardan derman taynlamany ugruny
wrenrin. I am learning the technique
of preparing medicine from these plants
comp. ugruna barmak comp. ugruny
itirmek ; ugur 1 cf: ugruna. post
direction, towards, in the direction of,
by, at the side (of) olu ugry along the
road eli ugry wind direction olu
ugrunda by the road, on the roadside
Mamamy arawsyzlykdan aa indi ugry
ok. My Grandma doesn't feel good now
due to her illness. Meni u gn ugrum
ok, arawsyzrak. I don't feel good
today, I am sick. ugur nir? Where are
you heading? Onu bilen glemegi
ugruny tapmaly. Got to find the way to
speak to him. Sen bu ii ugruny bil.
You know the way to get this job done.
Hasy ugra gitmeli? Where should we
go? Ugur nir? Which way are you
going? bellenen ugur route ugry ok to be
in bad shape Meli indi irin bilen ugry
ok. Menli is not a close friend of Shirin
any longer. ugruna bolmak comp.
ugruna ykmak comp. ugur almak
comp. ugur hayr bola! comp. ugur
tapmak

olbay
director direktor [di'rektor] cf: olbay.
n director, manager edarany direktory
office manager
dirt or n dirt, filth; yrak n dirt st-bay
yrak aga a really dirty child; kir 1 n
dirt, filth kir bolmak to be/become dirty
kir uwulan jam washing bowl (sem.
domains: 5.6.3 - Wash dishes.)
dirty hapa 1 adj dirty, muddy, filthy hapa
i dirty work hapa eller dirty hands hapa
bolmak to be dirty hapa bolmak to be
sad, be in low spirits {fig};
hapalanmak v to get dirty/soiled; kirli
adj dirty kirli geim dirty clothes ol
hemie kirli geim ger. he always
wears dirty clothes.
disagree hrdemek v to disagree with
someone
disagreement nrazylyk [nra:zylyk] n
disagreement, unhappiness nrazylyk
bildirmek to express/show one's
unhappiness Harydy eesi nrazylyk
bilen zni ytdy. The owner of goods
changed his face with disagreement.
disappear er uwutmak (comp. of
uwutmak) to disappear, vanish, be
lost; to die Gohlaandan so ony er
uwutdy. After arguing loudly, he
disappeared.; itmek 1 v to disappear
off, vanish without trace dereksiz itmek
to disappear without trace say. garasy
itmek comp. gzden itmek ;
ogalmak 1 [o:galmak] v to disappear
(gradually), vanish, be lost kem-kemden
ogalmak to disappear gradually
disappearance gayp [ga:yp] n
disappearance gayp bolmak disappear,
vanish ylan birden gzden gayp boldy.
All of a sudden the snake vanished from
sight. {religious}
disarm oneself aragsyzlanmak v to
disarm oneself, be disarmed
aragsyzlanmak hzirki dwrde esasy
meseleleri biri bolup durar. Nowadays
disarming remains to be one of the main
problems.
disassemble skmek 1 [s:kmek] v to
take apart, disassemble, collapse
skln collapsible
disaster betbagtylyk n disaster
Allatagalla hi kime betbagtylygy
grkezmesin. May God Most High not

88
show any disasters to anyone.;
muakgat 1 n disaster tebigy
muakgatlar natural disaster comp.
muakgat agdyrmak
disc disk n disk, disc, discus zyylan disk
discus komputer diski computer disc
discard talamak 1 v to throw away,
leave behind, abandon
disciple girt n student; disciple;
apprentice {in madrasa (mosque), in the
workplace}
discipline dzgn-tertip (comp. of
dzgn) regulations, system, body of
rules Her erde,her kim bolsaam dzgntertibi saklamaly. Everyone whoever they
are, wherever they are, should keep the
rules. Dzgn-tertibi bozsa ken
eidersi. If you break the rules you will
be admonished.; dzgnlilik 1 n
discipline Dzgnlilik ii hilini hem
etiigini okarlandyrar. Discipline
enhances quality and progress.
Dzgnlilik gullukyny bezer. Discipline
makes a good worker. Jogapkrilik
adamy dzgnlilige salar. Responsibility
makes a person disciplined.; tertibe
agyrmak [terti:be agyrmak] (comp.
of tertip) v to discipline; tertip [terti:p]
n discipline, order tertibe salmak tidy up,
put in order comp. tertibe agyrmak
comp. tertip-dzgn ; tertip-dzgn
[terti:p-dzgn] (comp. of tertip) n
discipline
disciplined dzgnli 1 adj disciplined
dzgnli gulluky disciplined worker
Dzgnli okuwylary etiigi hem gowy
bolar. The disciplined pupils progress
is good. yl kesilen adam dzgnli bolsa
wagtyndan boadrlar. ???? Berdiew
z dgnligi bilen z idelerini
arasynda tapawutlanar. Berdiyev is
different from his colleagues because he
is disciplined.; tertipli [terti:pli] n
disciplined, orderly
discomfort ynjalyksyzlyk 2
[y:njalyksyzlyk] n discomfort Datweregindkilere seredip ol zni
ynjalyksyz dudy. Looking around at
other people, he felt discomfort.
discount arzanlatmak [arza:nlatmak] v
to discount something, reduce the price
of something, make something cheaper;

89

geplemek
dmek2 6 cf: dnmek. v to give a
discount comp. abradan dmek comp.
aa dmek comp. aagy dmek comp.
ara dmek comp. bay dmek comp.
ke dmek comp. ele dmek comp.
gorka dmek comp. haldan dmek
comp. howsala dmek comp. jayna
dmek comp. kne dmek comp.
kjesine dmek comp. ruhdan dmek
comp. salkyn dmek comp. surata
dmek comp. tapdan dmek comp.
stnden dmek1 comp. yka dmek
comp. ada dmek comp. ola dmek
comp. rege dmek
discover ay etmek (comp. of ay) to
discover arlz Darwin biologia ylmynda
in mhm ay etdi. Charles Darwin
made momentous discoveries in
biology.; bilmek 4 cf: bilgin. v to
discover William Gilbert ilkinji bolup,
elektrik toguny bilen adam. William
Gilbert was the first to discover
electricity. comp. bilip gomak
discovery ay n discovery, find Tze
programmany wrenmeklik meni
durmuymda ay boldy. To learn new
programm was discovery in my life.
comp. ay etmek ; tapyndy n find,
discovery
discredit masgaralamak v to discredit,
disgrace, defame Ol pul ogurlap,
magalasyny masgaralady. He stole
money and made his family disgrace.
discuss adymak v to discuss; garamak2
2 v to watch, look after agalara
garamak look after children syrkawa
garamak look after ill person comp. bir
ele garamak ; szlemek cf:
geplemek. v to discuss, arrange
discussion ekime n discussion, debate,
argument ekime guramak to organise a
discussion
disease dert 1 n disease, pain, illness,
ailment dert amany - garrylyk. (Nakyl)
The worst illness is old age. (Proverb)
disgrace abradan ayrmak (comp. of
salmak) to disgrace Ol ogurlyk edip,
tutu magalamyzy abradan ayrdy. By
stealing he disgraced our whole family.;
betnam [betna:m] adj disgrace betnam
bolmak to disgrace oneself, be disgraced;
uat 1 n disgrace, dishonour Mahym

uat i edipdir nden giden bolsa.

Mahym did a dishonour thing if she left
her home. Uat bolar esger bolup z
dostlaryy uru medanynda talap
gamak. It would be a disgrace as a
soldier to abandon your friends in the
battlefield. Sportsmene uat bolar
olimpiadada birinji eri almak in
narkotik jisimlerini edip er almak. It
would be a disgrace to take a first place
in Olympic games having taken drugs
before game.; ysnat [ysna:t] n disgrace,
shame, infamy, ignomity, dishonour
ysnat getirmek to disgrace, bring shame
or discredit on; be a disgrace (to) alta
adam ysnat getirer. Lazy person will
nring shame.; zne gara srtmek
(comp. of z2) a) to disgrace someone
b) to lose all sense of shame Ol ogurlyk
edip magalasyny zne gara srtdi. He
disgraced all his family by stealing.
disgraced ryswa [ryswa:] adj disgraced,
shamed ryswa bolmak to disgrace
oneself, be disgraced ryswa etmek to
disgrace, defame
disgraceful biabra [bia:bra] adj
disgraceful, shameful biabra bolmak to
disgrace oneself, be covered with shame
biabra etmek to disgrace, discredit,
defame; namyssyz [na:myssyz] adj
disgraceful, shameful Hzirki wagtda arnamyssyz gyzlar bar. Currently there are
girls who behave disgracefully.
disgusting igrenji adj disgusting,
loathesome, detestable, abominable
igrenji grnmek to look abominable/
vile Onu grni igrenjidi. His
appearance was disgusting. / He had a
disagreeble appearance.
dish nygmat n food, dish, meal sji
nygmatlar sweets Go, hemie saagyyz
nygmatdan doly bolsun! Let your table be
filled always with different sweets.
{cooked}; okara n bowl, large dish
okara doly st a bowl full of milk
{wooden}; alak n water dish Mahym
iti alagyna galan nahary gudy. Mahym
poured remainings of meal to the dish
of dog. [for animals to drink from]
dishes gap-ga [ga:p-ga:] n dishes,
kitchenware; gap2 1 [ga:p] n dishes,

halal-haram
plates, crockery gap-jan crockery nahar
iiln gaby a dinner service
dishonest haram 2 [hara:m] cf: halalharam. adj illicit, dishonest, forbidden
haram pul ill-gotten gains comp. haramhalal
dishonour namysyna degmek 1 (comp.
of namys) to dishonour, disgrace,
shame
disjointed zlem-saplam 1 adv
disjointed, jerky, in fits and starts, now
and then Soldatlar zlem-saplam bolup
gelrdiler. soldiers were coming jerkily
Studentler zlem-saplam bolup, klasa
girdiler. students came into class in fits
and starts zlem-saplam grlemek to talk
in a disjointed way Ses zlem-saplam
eidilr. The voice is coming disjointed.
zlem-saplam okatmak to teach in a
disjointed way Habar zlem-saplam gelip
dur. The news are coming now and
then.
dislike pislemek [pi:slemek] v to dislike,
hate, conceive a hatred (for), come to
hate ony hemmeler pisledi all disliked
him
dislocate ykarmak1 10 v to dislocate
aagyy a elii ykarmak Ol gyzyny
durmua ykarmakdy. comp. ba
ykarmak comp. netije ykarmak comp.
atdan ykarmak comp. ze ykarmak
dismiss ykarmak1 3 v to dismiss, make
someone redundant, sack; to let
someone go, fire someone Direktor ony
iden ykardy. He was dismissed by the
director. comp. ba ykarmak comp.
netije ykarmak comp. atdan ykarmak
comp. ze ykarmak
disorderly bidzgn [bi:dzgn] adj
disorderly, confused, untidy bidzgn
edara disorderly office bidzgn ekilen
baglar disordered garden
disperse dagamak 1 v to disperse, break
up, be scattered deregi dagamak For
news to spread. el glenende, mr
dagady. When the wind strengthened
the mist dispersed To sowuldy,
myhmanlar li-ne dagady. The
wedding wound up and the guests
dispersed to their various homes. Halta
arylanso, twi dagap gitdi. After the
saddle-bag got torn, the rice fell out and

90
was lost. ; pytramak 2 v to disperse; to
dissipate; to clear away duman pytrady
the mist/fog has cleared/lifted mreke
pytady the crowd has dispersed
display grkezmek 4 v to display batyrlyk
grkezmek to display one's courage
displeasure ngilelik 1 [ngi:lelik] n
displeasure, discontent, dissatisfaction,
disapproval; anger ngilelik bildirmek to
express one's dissatisfaction/displeasure
disputee dawake [da:wa:ke] cf:
dawayl. n the person you are arguing
with, disputee
dissatisfied ngile [ngi:le] adj
dissatisfied, discontented, displeased
(with) ngile bolmak to be dissatisfied/
displeased Ol senden ngile. He is
displeased with you.
dissociate ara amak (comp. of amak)
to dissociate, break off relations
dissolute oldan ykan 2 (comp. of ol)
spoilt, dissolute, reprobate olunda
durmak to bar somebody's road, be in
somebody's way
dissolve eremek 2 v to dissolve eker
suwda eredi. The sugar was dissolved by
the water.
distaff arh 1 n spinning-wheel, distaff
egirn arh a spinning-wheel for
wool
distance ara2 1 [a:ra] n distance, interval,
space ara alyp maslahatlamak to discuss
together arany kesgitlemek to define the
distance Iki dagy arasyndan dera
akar. In between the two mountains
flows a river. Agabat bilen Pariji arasy
4991 km. The distance between
Ashgabat and Paris is 4,991 km. aradan
ykmak to pass on, no longer be with us
comp. arany amak ; aralyk [a:ralyk] n
distance uzak / akyn aralyk long /
short distance aralyk er in between;
menzil 1 cf: wokzal, stansia. n
distance uzak menzil long distance;
umma 2 [umma:] n distance l
ummanyndan agallary sesi gelrdi. Ehat arkaly biz giden ummadaky adamlar
bilen habarlayp bilris. By e-mail we
can communicate with many many
people who are far away. Asman
ummanyndan gara bulutlar gelrdi.

91

palamak
Black clouds appeared in the distant
sky.; uzaklyk 1 n distance Uzaklykdan
kerwen grnsede ene iki sagatsyz oba
gelmezler. Even if a camel train is seen
from distance, it won't arrive yet for
two hours. Balkanabat Agabatdan 380
kilometr uzaklykda bolsada biz maynda
gitdik. Even though it is 380 km from
Ashgabat to Balkanabat, we went by
car.
distant daky 3 adj distant daky garynda
distant relative
distant relative babada [ba:bada] n
distant relative Ejemi kakasy bilen
kakamy kakasy biri-birine baba tarapdan
egen eken, agny onu babaday. My
mother's father is a nephew to my
father's father on my maternal
grandfather's side, it turns out, that is
his distant relative.
distinguish sagarmak v to distinguish,
differentiate, discern; to make out (the
difference) garakyda onu zni
sagarmak kyndy It was difficult to
distinguish her face in the darkness;
seljermek v to distinguish, discern; to
make out, tell between agyny, amany
seljermek to make out what is good and
what is bad men onu kimdigini seljerip
bilmedim I couldn't make out who he
was
distort gyarmak 1 [gy:armak] v to
become crooked, to distort
distress hasrat n grief, distress, sorrow,
trouble, bitterness hasrat ekmek to
grieve (for), be sad, sorrow
distribute dargamak 1 v to distribute,
scatter, spread; semek 1 v to give out,
distribute, scatter, throw; aratmak 1
cf: aramak. v to distribute,
disseminate Isa Palestinada dini wagyznesihat arady. Jesus disseminated his
teaching throughout Palestine.;
aratmak 2 cf: aramak. v to
spread, scatter dersi aratmak to spread
manure grr aratmak to spread a
rumour giden aratmak to spread
something far and wide ygyry bagylar
ile aratdylar. It was bards who spread
poetry among the people.
district etrap [etra:p] n district, region,
county, area

distrust ymykly1 2 n distrust, mistrust

ymykly etmek to display one's mistrust
disturbing bimaza 2 [bi:maza:] adj
disturbing, anxious, restless bimaza
etmek to disturb bimaza bolmak to be
anxious Gnortan adymy gaty dilp,
mamamy ukusyny bimaza etdim. I
disturbed my grandma's sleep by
listening to loud music at midday.
disunited agzala [agza:la] adj disunited,
in conflict
ditch aryk [a:ryk] n drainage ditch; ap
[a:p] n irrigation canal, drainage ditch
suwly ap a ditch with water ap gazmak
to dig a ditch
divide blmek 2 [b:lmek] v to divide,
share out, split Alma satyp bar bolan
swdany ik bldik. Having sold apples
we split the profit two ways. Sadaka
adyp beren regimi blip kedki
agalara paladym. rn kartokany bir
gapdala, gowysyny bir gapdala bldik.
Ejemi szini blmn dilp oturdym.
igit akyp otyrka arasyny blmek kyn.
Ilde zol goh galmagal bolsa pikiri
blnip, ilemek kyn. Iri pulymy mada
bldirmesem rek bilen st alara pul
ok. Toda alyk seer aly manadymy
bldirdim. Matematika sapagynda blmek
belgisini gedik. On ikini drde bolmek
dedir .; blnmek 1 [b:lnmek] v
to break up, get broken, divide, get
detached Aga ik blnip ere gady.
The wood broke into two and fell to the
ground. Elimden garpyz gayp drt
blege blndi. The water-melon fell out
of my hand and broke into four pieces.
apdan gean paaplymyz orta bilinden
blndi. say. Blneni bri ier ;
blmek [b:lmek] v to divide
(into), share Uly itimiz kiijek gjjigimiz
bilen blip imegi halanok. Our large
dog doesn't like sharing his food with
the little puppy. Gyzyma kiilikden
gysgan bolman akyndar adamla bilen
blmegi wretn.; palamak 2
[pa:lamak] cf: palamak. v to divide
igrimini be palamak to divide twenty
by five {mathematics}
divided blekletmek 2 [b:lekletmek] v
to have something divided, cut into

palamak
smaller pieces tort blekletmek to cut a
cake
divine ylahy 2 [yla:hy:] adj divine Kne
htde ylahy barlyklar barada grr
edilr. In the old testament they tell
about divine things.
division blm 1 [b:lm] n department,
section, division Meni daym blm
mdiri bolup iler. My uncle works as
department head. Keselhana i sorap
umumy blmine bardym. I went to the
general department of the hospital to
ask for work. Meni doganym Duak
serhet blminde gulluk etdi. My brother
Dushak served in the border division.;
blniik [b:lniik] n division, split,
dissidence, delimitation Pagta
zawodyny blniiginden so kp adam
dargap isiz galdy. After our factory
divided many people were left without
work. Krhanamyz batyp, auksiona
goulanda blniik balandy.
divorce talak divorce (fr. wife to
husband)
divorced arylymak v to get divorced,
become separated
do etmek v to do, make arzuw etmek to
dream arz etmek to complain gulluk
etmek to serve Seni edenii menem
ederin. What you have done I will also
do. Sen u gn sapaklaryy etdimi? Have
you done your lessons today? Onu
nme ednini biln adam ok. No one
knows what is he doing. Ierde gizlenip
nme i etdi? What did you do by
hiding inside? Tikin etmek in zehin hem
hwes gerek. For sewing you need talent
and desire. amal etmek to fulfil Men z
maksadymy amal etdim. I fulfilled my
goal. arzuw etmek to dream/wish
Mugallym uurumlara tze durmuda
stnlik arzuw etdi. A teacher wished
success in the new life to the graduating
students. Terbiei Perhady ene-atasyna
arz etdi. The trainer complained to
Perhat's parents. azat etmek to redeem/
to make free Gapana den tilkini biz
azat etdik. We freed a fox from the
snare. bes etmek to stop u bolgusyz
grrlerii bes etmeli. You must stop
this meaningless talks. bizar etmek to fed
up dowam etmek to continue

92
Maslahatdan so ene ilerimizi dowam
etdik. After the council we continued
our works. gahar etmek to be angry
Oglum dienimi etmnso gahar etdim. I
was angry because of my son did not
obey me. Watana gulluk etmek her
adamy borjydyr. To serve to State is
duty of every people. gman etmek to
guess Agalarym oba barandyr diip, men
guman edrin. I guess my elder brothers
would have come to the village. halas
etmek to save Halas ediji oglanjygy
angyndan halas etdi. Fireman saved a
boy from fire. hereket etmek to make/do
action hyzmat etmek to serve Men gelen
myhmanlara hyzmat etdim. I served to
guests who came. mejbur etmek to force
to do something Mejbur etmn z erkine
gberi. Do not force him, let him go
free. neir etmek to publish azyjyny
tze kitaby neir edildi. A new book of
the writer was published. rehim etmek to
have mercy zden ejize rehim etmeli.
to mercy who is weaker than yourself.
syahat etmek to go on a trip, to travel
Syahat etmek in biz bar golarymyzy
taarladyk. We prepared all our baggage
for the trip. tans etmek to dance u gn
mekdebi baramylygynda biz tans etdik.
We danced today on the school holiday.
yhlas etmek to show enthusiasm Bim
piigi gark etdi. Bashim drowned the
bird. gurban etmek to offer a sacrifice
grr etmek to talk, converse
Soraglarymyz bilen mugallymymyzy halys
etdik. We wore out our teacher with our
questioning. Otagymyza tze go
almak in kp pullar har etdik. We
spent a lot of money buying new things
for our room. mlim etmek to make clear
Bize tze dzgn etdiler. They made a
new law for us. masgara etmek to shame
Sen bizi uly ile masgara etdi. You
shamed us in front of many people. pa
etmek to expose Jenaaty pa edildi. The
criminal was exposed. puman etmek to
regret Indi ki eden ilerime puman
edrin. Now I regret what I did
previously. ht etmek to make a
covenant, make an agreement sbt
etmek to prove Meni gnsizdigime
aklawy sbt etdi. The council for the
defence proved my innocence. tsir
etmek to effect Gren filimimiz bize uly

93

ite it lmi
tsir etdi. The film we saw effected us
greatly. umyt etmek to hope Siz bize
kmek edersiiz diip umyt edris. We
hope that you will help us. pjn etmek
to provide Krhanany gerek gurallar bilen
pjn etdik. We provided the workplace
with the necessary tools. Meni soraglary
bilen bizar etme-de, gidip, sapaklaryy et.
Do not make me fed up with your
questions, but go and do your lessons.
Hereket etse, bereket agar. If you act,
blessings will rain [on you]. agylyga
agylyk etmek her kiini iidir,
amanlyga agylyk r kiini iidir. To
return good for good is everyone's work,
to return bad for good is a husband's
work.; ygnamak 6 v to do, tidy up,
clean up organ-dekleri ygnamak to
make the bed saagy ygnamak to clear
the table oat hasyl ygnamak to gather
in a good harvest pota markalary
ygnamak to collect postage stamps
odunlary bir ere ygnamak to stack
firewood keden ygnamak to pick up
in the street
do best jan etmek (comp. of jan) v to do
one's best, do one's utmost Bu gyz
bsleikde emek in jan edr. This
girl does her utmost to win the
competition.
do for bermek 3 v to do for Maa azyp
ber. Please write it down for me.
do like that betmek v to do like that,
behave like Betmek saa utan dlmi?
Aren't you ashamed to behave like that?
do like this etmek v to do something
like this
do quickly badan sowmak (comp. of
ba) to do something quickly
doctor doktor 2 ['doktor] n doctor,
veterinary surgeon, vet mal doktor
veterinary surgeon; hekim 1 [heki:m] n
doctor, physician, herbalist; lukman
[lukma:n] cf: wra. n doctor aga
lukmany pediatrician Lukman bolmak
in himia, biologia sapaklaryny gowy
bilmeli. To be a doctor you should know
chemistry, biology lessons well.; wra
cf: lukman. n doctor, physician wra
aal woman doctor harby wra medical
officer, army surgeon weterinar wra
veterinary surgeon di wrajy dentist

wra agyrmak to call a doctor; wralyk

cf: lukmanylyk, medisina. n
profession or work of a doctor wralyk
etmek to work as a doctor wralyk kri
profession of doctor
document dokument 1 [doku'ment] n
document, official paper dokument etmek
to document dwlet dokumenti state
document yly sounda hasabat
dokumentlerimizi barlap, jemlp ba
hasapa tabyrarys. At the end of the
year we check our report documents
and give the total to the head
accountant. Magtymgulyny dwrnden
dokument az galypdyr. Not many
manuscripts remain from the
Magtymguly era. Meni srjilik
hukugyma degili dokument. My driving
licence.; hat 5 n official document,
certificate, deed hormat haty letter of
appreciation talak haty certificate of
divorce {colloq} comp. dil haty comp.
hat-pet gatnadan ; resminama n
official paper(s), document; subutnama
3 [subu:tna:ma] cf: fakt. n document;
ahsyetnama n document
dodge sapalak n dodge, subterfuge,
evasion, wiles sapalakatmak to dodge,
try to avoid doing something, evade,
elude
doesn't matter Zyany ok. (comp. of
zyan) It doesn't matter, don't worry.
Bu matany keseni zyany ok. It doesn't
matter if you cut that material/cloth.
dog it 1 n dog aw iti hunting dog, hound,
gun dog goun iti sheep-dog, hunting
dog [a Turkmen breed, "alabay", used as
a sheep-dog and for hunting] comp.
gnne it aglamak comp. Iimi it
yrtar. comp. it alan sanaja dndermek
comp. it durmuy comp. it masgarasy
etmek comp. it aly adamak comp. ite
it lmi ; kpek n (male) dog Trkmen
itleri daaw we gli bolarlar. Turkmen
dogs are big and strong.; tazy [ta:zy] n
hunting dog
dograma dograma n dograma (a thick
soup made from Turkmen bread, meat
and onions) Trkmenleri tagamly
naharlaryny birisi dograma. One of the
most delicious dishes in Turkmenistan is
dograma. Dograma maly kelle -

Eek semrese, eesini deper

aagyndan we petir nany mada dograp
taarlanylar. Dograma is cooked/
prepared from the head and legs of
animals from the herd, and sliced
unleaven bread. [lamb broth with bread
croutons mainly eaten at gurban
bayram]
doll gurjak n doll
dollar dollar ['dollar] n dollar
dolma dolama n dolma (stuffed cabbage
leaf) Toa kelemi iine welen et salyp
kelem dolamasyny taarladyk. We
prepared stuffed cabbage for the
wedding banquet. Dolama biirmek
in,hamyry uka ayp et salanydan
so dolap, biirmeli. To prepare stuffed
cabbage you need to unroll a thin leaf
and cook it after filling it with meat.
[stuffed vine/cabbage leaves]
dome gmmez 1 n dome metjidi gmmezi
the dome of a mosque
domed gmmez 2 n domed building
domestic ieri 1 adj domestic, home,
internal; household Ieri iler ministrligi
Ministry of domestic affairs ieri syasat
home policy; ierki adj domestic,
internal, home ierki syasat domestic
policy ierki otag inside room ierki
suwlar inside water dwleti ierki
agday inside situations of the country
urdu ierki dzgnleri inside rules of
country
domestic animals mal-gara [ma:l-gara] n
domestic animals, sheep and goats,
flocks mal-gara seretmek to tend, look
after animals
dominion hkimlik 1 n dominion, rule
hkimlik etmek to dominate, have
dominion (over)
donkey eek 1 n donkey, wild ass Ol ts
bir eek adam. he is as donkey. say. Eek
semrese, eesini deper
doom kyamat 1 [kya:mat] n doomsday,
the end of the world kyamat gni
doomsday, judgement day {religious}
comp. baya kyamat dmek
door gapy n door gapyny kakmak to knock
on a door gapy haky door price gapy
tutmak to keep the door aga gapy
wooden door gapy syrmak to clean your
yard edi gapyda er tapmadyk. We

94
didn't find a place even though we
knocked on seven doors. Gapyda durmak
a-da oturmak bolmaar. it is not good
to stay or sit in the doorway gapyda it
damak to tie a dog outside comp. gapygapy alanmak ; iik [i:ik] n door iigi
amak to open the door
dot nokat 4 n dot Alysdan grndi bir gara
nokat. Bilmedim men onda niik hereket.
From far off a black dot appeared. I
don't know which way it was moving.
bir nokatdan ykan yzyklar lines going
out from a point Gyzy znde nokat
aly haly bar. There was a mole like a
black dot on the girls' face. Uzakdan bir
gara nokat grnr. From a distance he
looks like a black dot. comp. nokatmanokat comp. Onu gahary soky nokada
etdi.
double goalamak v to double, make a
pair
double-dealing ikizllik cf: ikilik. n
double-dealing, hypocrisy, dissimulation
ikizllik etmek to play the hypocrite
doubt gman [gma:n] n doubt,
suspicion gman etmek to doubt, suspect
gman edilmek to be suspected ; ikis
[iki:s] n doubt ikise batmak (gitmek)
to doubt ikise gomak to make
somebody doubt, to cause doubt; ek cf:
bhe. n doubt; bhe cf: ek. n doubt;
bhelenmek v to doubt, question
Baram z ukybyna bhelenr. Bairam
questions his own ability.
doubtful gmana [gma:na] adj doubtful,
questionable, dubious Onu geljegi
gmana It is doubtful that he will come.
dough hamyr 1 [hamy:r] n dough, batter
hamyr ugurmak to knead dough
dove kepderi n dove, pigeon kepderi ketegi
dovecot, pigeon-loft Soky jada kepderi
uurmak dbe wrldi. It became a
tradition to set a dove loose at the last
bell.
down aaklygyna [aa:klygyna] adj
down, downwards depeden aaklygyna
togalanmak to roll (somersault) down
the hill; ruhsuz [ru:hsuz] adj sad,
down, needing encouragement
download indirmek v to download (from
the internet)

95

uwunmak
doze irkilmek v to doze, slumber, be half
asleep, sleep lightly oturan eride
irkilmek to doze while sitting;
ymyzganmak v to doze, to slumber
Postda durka ymyzganmak bolmaar.
While you are on a post, you must not
slumber.
draft garalama1 n draft, rough copy,
rough note-book kanuny garalamasy
the draft of the law
drag sremek n to drag, tow srp
barmak to drag something along
dragon adarha [adarha:] n dragon
dragonfly teneir dragonfly
drainage
drainage ditch zeke n drainage ditch
zeke mayny drainage machine Obada
kp zekeler guruldy. Many drainage
ditches were built in the village.
dramatise sahnaladyrmak v to
dramatise, adapt for the stage/cinema,
put on the stage/cinema romany
sahnaladyrmak to adapt a novel (for
e.g. the cinema)
drastic gli 3 adj strong, virulent,
drastic, violent gli derman strong
medicine
draw ekmek1 14 [ekmek] v to draw,
paint, copy Ol surat ekdi. He painted a
picture. comp. ah ekmek comp. ahmyr
ekmek comp. aak ekmek comp. ejir
ekmek comp. el ekmek comp. gam
ekmek comp. hasrat ekmek comp. hor
ekmek comp. jeza ekmek comp. kep
ekmek comp. kynylyk ekmek comp.
nala ekmek comp. zhmet ekmek ;
yzmak 1 v to draw, draw a line plan
yzmak to draw up a plan aagyny
yzmak to underline Tze szleri
aagyny yzy. Underline the new
words. kagyzy zne yzmak; demede n draw deme-de onamak to play
to a draw; golalamak v to come
nearer (to), draw nearer (to), draw near,
approach Da golalaar. Day is
breaking.
draw near gabatlanmak v to draw near,
approach
draw out ekdirmek 4 v to draw out,
extend ii uzaga ekdirmek to draw out a
job

drawback etmezilik n drawback,

shortcomings Mayny etmeziliklerini
dzetmeli. Have to correct the
shortcomings of the machine.
drawer eker cf: gapyrjak. n drawer
Stolu ekerini a! Open the drawer of
the table!; ekme n drawer
drawing yzgy n drawing yzgy kagyzy
drawing paper yzgy sapagy
dream d n dream, sleep Ol muny
dndede grenok. He had never even
dreamt of it. d grmek to dream, have
a dream (while sleeping) de girmek to
have a dream d aly in a dream,
dreamlike A towuk dnde dary
grer./nakyl/ A hungry hen will dam of
millet. Prov. Toum dde bolup geen
aly. It seems my wedding was in my
dream.; de girmek (comp. of d,
girmek) v to dream, have a dream
dress beslenmek v to dress oneself up;
bezenmek v to dress up, smarten
(oneself) up Ol gowy bezendi. He
smartened himself up. Kii jigim
bezenmegi gowy gorr. My little sister
likes doing her make up and dressing
herself up.; geinmek 1 v to put
something on, dress oneself, get dressed
gara geinmek to wear black yly
geinmek to wear warm clothes gowy
geinmek to dress well comp. gara
geinmek ; knek 2 n dress aal/gyz
knegi dress iki knek petticoat, vest
comp. otly knek gemek comp. z
knegi z tenie akyn
dried guradylan adj dried
dried fruit kak n dried fruit gawun kaky
dried melon pomidor kaky dried tomato
drink igi n drink, beverage alkogolly igi
alcoholic beverage alkogolsyz igi nonalcoholic beverage, soft drink; imek 1
v to drink comp. ant imek comp.
hudadan ant imek ; sirke 1 n drink;
uwmak 3 cf: uwunmak. v to drink
(to) tze kwi uwmak to drink to a
new pair of shoes mayny uwmak to
drink to a new car {colloq}
drip dammak v to drip, fall Bu yl agy
dammady. There hasn't been a drop of
rain this year.
drive gabamak 2 v to drive, round up,
herd agalar at myhmany dayny

kowalamak
gabadylar. Children rounded up the
unfamiliar guest. Olar gounlary agyla
gabadylar. They drove the sheep into the
cattle-shed.; kowmak 3 cf:
kowalamak, kowalamak. v to drive
(through) sygyrlary medana kowmak to
drive the cows into the field comp.
ugruna kowmak ; srmek 1 v to drive
srlen mayn used car; srmek 2 v drive
er srmek to plough
drive away kowmak 1 cf: kowalamak,
kowalamak. v to drive out, drive away,
drive someone off, chase someone off
den kowmak to drive out iti kowmak to
drive a dog away comp. ugruna
kowmak
driven out/into kowulmak 1 v to be
driven out, to be driven away
driver drawer n driver (sem. domains:
Comp - Computer.); srji confer:
ofor; cf: ofor. n driver, chauffeur
dromedary de n dromedary, onehumped camel Hawanat bagynda iki
rkli de grdk. We saw a bactrian
camel in the zoo. De z bonuny
egrisini bilmn,ylana egri
diermi./nakyl/ You don't notice a log
in your own eye, but you notice a speck
in someone else's. Proverb De kegini
gowy grse,hem deper, hem gapar. If a
camel loves its calf, it hits and beats it.
drop atanak ekmek (comp. of atanak)
to drop, stop seeing Ol tze dostuna
atanak ekdi. She dropped her new
friend.; damja n drop Olar i soky
damja ganlaryna enli grediler. They
fought to the last drop. agy damjasy
drop of rain agydan gayp, damja
uramak running from the rain, to
encounter a raindrop ; drmek 1 v
dismount, descend, drop, put down,
take down, drop off Taksi meni
gabadynda drdi. The taxi dropped me
off near my house. gabadyna drmek
drop off near/at/opposite agany eliden
drmek to put a child down Enem
agtyklaryna elinden drmn seredr.
My grandmother looks after children
without putting them down. Agaja
mnen oglumy aak drdim. I took
down my son from the tree. Srji
delgede soky olagyny drdi. The

96
driver dropped off the last passenger at
the camp. Gyzgynyy drmek in
parasetamol a-da asperin imeli. To
bring one's temperature down you need
to take Paracetamol or Aspirin. comp.
ele dmek ; gayrmak 3 v to drop, let
fall kitabe gayrmak to drop a book
comp. bir he gayrmak comp. boun
gayrmak comp. ynjalygyny gayrmak
drop from tongue diliden sypdyrmak
(comp. of dil2) v let slip, talk
indiscreetly, talk carelessly Adylan
syrlary dilie berk bolup,diliden
sypdyrma. Don't be indiscreet, but keep
secrets to yourself.
drop off eltmek v to take someone
somewhere, drop off, send birini ne
eltmek to take someone home szlgi
eesine eltmek to take a dictionary to its
owner birini ne eltmek to drop off
someone to his home. Bu seni
aramazylygy stnden elter. It will
take you the bad.; talamak 2 v to
drop, drop someone off, throw Men seni
de talap gadaryn. I'll drop you off at
your house then go home.
dross galyndy 3 [ga:lyndy] n dross
drown gark 1 adv drown gark bolmak to
drown, sink, go down comp. pikir
derasyna gark bolmak
drug nee 1 cf: narkotiki. n narcotic,
drug nee swdasy drug trafficking nee
ekmek to smoke dope
drug addict neeke n drug addict Bizi
halkymyz neekelere gary grer. Our
people defend against drug addicts.
drug_addiction
drum dep n drum; deprek n drum
depregi sesi the sound of a drum
{music}; nagara n large drum nagara
kakmak to play the nagara {music}
drummer nagaray n drummer ki
dwrde nagaraylar uru balandygyny
yglan edipdirler. In old times drummers
announced about starting a war.
drunk igili adj drunk, drunken Joramy
ri hemie igili bolanso, iden
boatdylar. They dismissed my friend's
husband from the work because of he is
always drunk. {colloq}; pan cf:
serho. adj drunk, tipsy pan bolmak to

97

tot-tozan
be drunk/tipsy pan adam drunk man;
serho [serho:] cf: pan. adj drunk,
inebriated
dry duzlamak 2 [du:zlamak] v dry deri
duzlamak dry leather bagana duzlamak
dry leather Mal soulandan so derini
duzlaarlar. The leather is dried after
slaughtered the animal.; gurak adj dry,
draughty gurak klimat dry climate gurak
medan dry field gurak howa dry
weather; guratmak [gu:ratmak] v to
dry something comp. gulak etini
guratmak ; gury [gu:ry] adj dry gury el
dry wind gury toprak dry soil; yzgarsyz
[yzga:rsyz] adj dry Trkmenistany
demirgazyk tarapy rn yzgarsyz toprak.
The north side of Turkmenistan is very
dry land.
dry off sarykmak v to get dry, dry off, dry
out a little
dry out guramak2 2 v to dry out, dry up,
get drier
duck rdek [:rdek] n duck rdek horazy
drake rdek eti duck (meat)
dug gazylmak v to be dug ap gazylyp
gutaryldy. The irrigation ditch has been
dug.
dull krzehin 2 [k:rzehi:n] adj slowwitted, dull, obtuse krzehin okuwy
slow-witted pupil; ktek 2 adj dull,
slow, obtuse, dim ktek adam dull
person comp. ktek bur
dumbfounded ak-tak bolmak (comp.
of ak-tak) to be dumbfounded,
surprised, taken aback Gzel gyzy gren
igit ak-tak bolupdyr. When the boy
saw the beautiful girl, he was starstruck.
dummy emzik 1 n dummy aga emzik
bermek to give dummy to the baby bo
emzik empty dummy {Brit}; emzik 2 n
pacifier {Amer}
dump
dumplings brek n dumplings, boerek
Aslynda brek orsla milli nahary. Boerek
is a Russian dish, originally. Kdili brek
birinji gezek iip gremde bele sji
bolandyr tmndim. [A Turkmen pasta
dish rather like ravioli (Italian) or
pelmini (Russian)]

dune ulgam cf: sistema. n dune gum

ulgamlary sand dunes comp. ulgamulgam
dung dkn 2 n dung, faeces dkn bolup
atyr dung is lying around Tomus
bazarda gk-nmden dkn bolar. In
the summer there is dung on the
produce in the market. Bakjamyz tomus
alary gawun-garpyzdan dkn bolup
atar. In summer there is dung on the
melons and water melons in our
garden.; paja n dung, excrement,
droppings, manure; tezek n dung, cow
dung, manure
dungeon tussaghana [tussagha:na] n
dungeon, prison
durability berklik 1 n durability, strength
polady berkligi the strength of steel
durable durumly 1 adj durable, firm,
lasting, strong durumly mata durable
cloth; mrlik 2 adj durable, lasting,
sturdy mrlik edip salmak to build
sturdily comp. mrlik uka gitmek
comp. mrlik olda ; pugta 1 adj
durable, hard, solid, firm, strong pugta
mata hard-wearing fabric pugta p hard
rope
duration dowam 1 [dowa:m] n duration,
continuation, course, process gn
dowamymda during the day u yly
dowamynda bizde kp zgeriikler bolup
gedi. During this year we had many
changes. Tze jaymyzy iki yly
dowamynda salyp gutardyk. We
completed the building of our new
house over two years. agy dowam
edr. It's still raining. dowam
etdirilmek dowam etdirmek dowam
etmek ; dowamlylyk n duration
during period i 4 post during the period
of Gyy iinde bazara gitmek kyn. It is
difficult to go to the market during
winter. {time} comp. day jjek ii
mjek id. ii gysgan comp. Iimde it
uwlaar. comp. iine-dayna gemek
comp. ii gysmak comp. iiden
geplemek comp. iiden okamak comp.
iii tutup galmak
dust a n dust ayny kakmak to beat the
dust out of something; toz [to:z] n dust;
tozan n dust comp. tot-tozan

bugda rek adam

98

dutar dutar [du:ta:r] n dutar (a stringed

instrument) Toda bagy dutaryny
owazy alanardy. The dutar was
played at the wedding party. Men nme
din, dutarym nme dir. What I say,
what my dutar says. [like a guitar but
with two strings, and the body is small
like a gourd.] (sem. domains: 4.2.3 Music.)
dutarist dutary [du:ta:ry] n musician
who plays the dutar Dutary Mlik
agany dutarlary Mary welaatynda
tanalan dutarlary birisi. The dutar
musician Malik agas dutars are one of
the best known dutars in Mary welayat.
duties wezipe 2 [wezi:pe] n task, duties
kyn wezipe difficult task okary wezipni
eelemek to have high duties kii
wezipede ilemek to work in a low duty
mdirlik wezipesi administration task
Seni wezip agalary arassaylygyna
seretmek. Your duty is looking after
children. Seni wezip gelen
myhmanlary gary almak bolar. Your
duty is to meet guests. Bizi mizde
jogapkrli wezipe durar. We have
responsible task before us. nobatdaky
wezipeler next duties
duty bor 2 [bo:r] n duty, responsibility
borjuy berja etmek to carry out one's

duty, do one's duty Atalyk borjyny erine

etirip agalarymy baryny bilimli etdim.
u gidiie erbet ilese, iden boadarlar
diip inden atmagy z borjym diip
hasap edrin.; nobaty 2 [no:baty] adj
on duty Nobaty epagat uasy peda
boldy. The duty nurse appeared.; pa
[pa:] n duty, customs; tribute
gmrkhana pajy customs duty pa
tlemek to pay duty {fee}; parz 2 n
duty, responsibility; farz; duty,
responsibility Bu ii etmek meni in
parz It is my duty to do this work. I am
obliged to do this work. ... iip-ii,
sora agyz beklemek parzyyzy edi. ...
eat and drink and then fulfill your
fasting farz. eesini berenini iipimek myhmana in parzdyr. It is the
responsibility of the owner of the house
to provide food and drink for the guest.
{fig, religious duty for Muslims}
dye rek 4 n dye rek almak to dye
{soaking in a liquid} comp. bugda rek
adam comp. reki gamak comp. rekki
agarmak comp. rekki mek ;
reklemek 2 v to dye, colour sayy
reklemek to dye one's hair {soak in a
liquid}
dyed rekli 2 adj dyed, coloured
dynasty

Ee

each hersi adj each, every hersi bir erden

from everywhere
each other bir-biri(ni) (comp. of bir) one
another, each other
eagle brgt n eagle Hawanat bagynda
birinji gezek janly brgt grdim. Gk
asmanda uyp baran brgdi surata
aldym. I took a picture of an eagle flying
high up in the sky.
ear gulak 1 n ear Aaly onu gulak etini
birsyhly gazap dur. (der.) His wife nags
him all the time. Tamda gulak bar. s!
Sh! The walls have ears. comp. Aaly

onu gulak etini birsyhly gazap dur.

comp. ! Tamda gulak bar.
early alabahar [a:labahar] adv early
spring, when spring breaks; ir [i:r] adv
early Balamaga entek ir. It is too early
to start. ertir irden tomorrow morning ir
bilen early in the morning ir turmak to
get up early wagtyndan ir prematurely,
before time comp. iru gi ; irgzin
[i:rgzi:n] adv early; a bit earlier; as
early as possible irgzin turmak to get up
early; irki 2 [i:rki] adj early irki gk
ekinler early vegetables irki agalyk early
childhood

99

neir etmek
early morning saba [saba:] n early
morning saba emaly morning wind
earn gazanmak 1 v to earn ilp pul
gazanmak to earn money by working
earnings gazan n earnings, salary,
payment
earring gulakhalka n earring pair of
earrings
ear-ring ysyrga n ear-ring ysyrga
dakynmak to wear ear-ring Meni ejemi
gymmat brilliant ysyrgasy bar. My mother
has expensive, brilliant ear-rings.
earth gum n earth, soil, sand Garagum li
the Karakum desert; zemin [zemi:n] n
earth Go, hemie zeminde parahatylyk
bolsun! Let it be always peace on earth!
Earth er 3 n Earth Earth ?er (sem.
domains: 1.1 - Sky.) comp. er almasy
comp. er hoz comp. er tudana comp.
erine comp. erine etirmek
earthquake er titreme n earthquake er
titremede kp adam helk boldy. A lot of
people died in the earhquake.
ease asatlyk [asatlyk] adv ease
east gndogar n east Uzak Gndogar The
Far East akyn Gndogar The Near East
Easter pasha 1 ['pasha] n Easter pasha
gnleri days surrounding Easter
{religious, Christian}
easy asat [asa:t] adj easy; eil 2 adv
easy Bu juda eil i. It is so easy task.
eat imek 1 v to eat kp imek to eat a lot
Men iip boldum. I've finished eating.
comp. gamy imek comp. gamyny
imek comp. iip-imek ; naharlanmak
2 v to have a meal, eat restoranda
naharlanmak to have a meal in the
restaurant
eaten iilmek 1 v to be eaten
echo a n echo Men dagda sesimi
alanyyny eitdim. I heard the echo of
my voice on the mountains.
ecology ekologia [eko'logia] n ecology
economic ykdysady [ykdysa:dy:] adj
economic ykdysady aragatnayklar
economic ties ykdysady syasat
economic policy Ykdysady meseleleri
zmek in wagt gerek. To solve
economical problems we need a time.

economical tygytly [tygy:tly] adj

economical, careful
economise tygytlamak [tygy:tlamak] v
to economise, save, use sparingly
economist ykdysadyety
[ykdysadiety] n economist Men
geljekde ykdysadyeti bomagy islerin. I
want to become an economist in the
future.; ykdysaty [ykdysa:ty] n
economist Onu dogany belli ykdysaty.
Her brother is well-known economist.
economy hojalyk 1 n economy;
ykdysadyet [ykdysa:dyet] n
economy syasy ykdysadyet political
economy Biz mekdepde ykdysadyet
sapagyny geris. We study economy at
school.
edge almaz 2 n edge, blade ana kesn
almaz glass cutter; et1 1 n border, edge,
brink, borderland Ol obany i ary
etinde yaaar. He lives on the far edge
of the village.; et2 2 adj edge saagy
eti; etek 2 n edge, border Bizi miz
obany eteginde erler. Our house is on
the edge of the village. Bizi miz
kl eteginde erler. Our house is on
the edge of the lake. comp. bayy
etegie salmak ; gyra 1 n edge, kerb
edit dzetmek 3 v to correct, edit z
alyyy dzetmek to correct your
mistake Ide gberlen alylarymyzy
dzetdik. We corrected the errors of
omission in our work.
editing redaksia 2 [re'daksia] n
editorship ; editing redaksiany
erlen eri head office gazeti
redaksiany adresi the newspaper's
head office
edition neir 2 n edition kitaby ilkinji
neiri the first edition of a book comp.
neir etmek
editor redaktor [re'daktor] n editor ba
redaktor chief editor, editor-in chief
(US) blm redaktory sub-editor
editorial staff redaksia 1 [re'daksia] n
editorial staff, editorial office gazeti
redaksiasy newspaper's editorial
division urnaly redaksiasy magazin's
editorial division redaksia bilen
aragatnayk saklamak to keep good
relations with the editorial staff

bilim almak
editorship redaksia 2 [re'daksia] n
editorship ; editing redaksiany
erlen eri head office gazeti
redaksiany adresi the newspaper's
head office
educated bilimli adj well-educated,
highly literate Krhana gelen tze igr
kde okary bilimli oglan. The new
worker is a skilful well-educated lad.
Maksady alan gelni kary bilimli gyz.
Maksat's wife is highly-literate.; okuwly
adj educated, literate okuwly adam
educated person okuwly bolmak to be
educated; ylymly adj educated ylymly
bolmak to be educated Ylymly-bilimli
adamy hormatlamak zi
hormatlamakdyr. To respect the
educated man is to respect yourself.
education a-bilim (comp. of a)
education, enlightenment, knowledge
Okuwylary a-bilimlerini uniwersitete
girmezden ozal barlaarlar. The students
are tested on their knowledge before
they enter University.; bilim 2 [bilim] n
education balangy bilim primary/
elementary education orta bilim
secondary education bilim almak be
educated bilim bermek educate Men
medesina bilimini almagy hwes edrdim.
I used to study medecine with
enthusiasm. bilim almak ; magaryf 1
[maga:ryf] n education, enlightenment
halk magaryfy demografic education;
ylym 4 n education ylym bermek to
teach ylym almak to study, to get an
education Ylym bermek, Ylym almak her
bir adam in parzdyr. Teaching and
learning are duties of everyone.; ylymbilim 2 n education Hzirki dwrde
ylymsyz-bilimsiz adam ok bolsa gerek.
Nowadays, there is hardly any person
without education. {taught in school,
university}
educational establishment okuw jay
(comp. of ja1) educational
establishment Agabatda hli sapaklary
ilis dilinde okadylan tze okuw jay
guruldy. A new educational
establishment was built in Ashgabat
which all lessons are taught in English.
effect eser 2 n effect, feeling yk eseri
romantic feelings a oa heniz yk eseri

100
etmedimik?! Or haven't his romantic
feelings got though to you?!
effective netijeli [neti:jeli] adj effective,
efficacious, productive netijeli i
effective work Terbini netijeli alyp
barmaly. To hold bringing up
effectively.; tsirli adj effective,
influential
efficiency ijelik [i:jelik] n businesslike character, efficiency Ol z ijeligi
bilen tapawutlanar. He is very efficient.
effort tagalla 1 n effort
egg umurtga 1 n egg ala bien umurtga
soft-boiled egg; egg (of a hen)
umurtgany sarysy yolk umurtgany
gabygy egg-shell umurtga guzlaan
towuklar good laying hens
Egypt msr 1 n Egypt Msr halky
Egyptian people (sem. domains: 9.7.2.1
- Names of countries.)
eight sekiz num eight sekiz z eight
hundred sekiz-sekizden by eights
eighth sekizinji adj eighth sekizinji klasda
okamak to be in the eighth form
eighty segsen num eighty segsen aynda
at the age of eighty
elbow tirsek n elbow
elder aksakgal 2 [a:ksakgal] n village
elder; aryn n village elder; kethuda
[kethuda:] n elder, boss Tou kethudasy
kim? Who is the elder/boss of the
wedding party?; auly 2 [a:uly] n
elder aulular maslahaty Council of
Elders
election salaw n election
electric elektrik 1 [elek'trik] adj electric
elektrik energiasy electric power elektrik
kofe mayny electric coffee maker
electrician elektrik 2 [elek'trik] n
electrician yralary bejermek in
elektrik geldi. an electrician came to fix
lamps.; montor 1 n electrician montor
bolup ilemek to work as an electrician
elektrik montory electric monitor
electricity tok [to:k] n electricity tok di
the electricity has gone off tok urmak
electrocute tok urmak ( urmak, tok)
electrocute l eli bilen yrany akmaly
dl, tok urar. You must not turn the

101

kz stnde oturan aly

light on with wet hands or you'll be
electrocuted.
elegance owadanlyk 2 n elegance,
smartness kostumy owadanlygy
elegance of a suit
elegant nepis [nepi:s] adj beautiful,
elegant, fine nepis haly beautiful carpet
nepis kede elegant embroider
elegantly uz 2 [u:z] adv elegantly Gyzyl
krteli gelin uz basyp suwdan zp
geln aly gelr. A bride with a red
koerte is walking elegantly as if she is
swimming across the water.
elephant pil2 1 n elephant pil agasy
elephant calf pil ski ivory comp.
peeden pil asamak comp. pili
gulagynda uklamak
elevate begeltmek 2 v to elevate, raise
up Onu wezipesini begeltdiler. They
raised him up to a high position. Suwu
joup geljek erine geden bent edip
begeldrler. They place sand higher
and higher to stop the water
overflowing as it rises up. comp.
tumugyy begeltmek
ellipsis kp nokat (comp. of kp) ellipses
or suspension points Kbir szlemlerde
kp nokat goular. Ellipses are used in
some sentences.
eloquence eperlik 3 n eloquence, fine
oratory
eloquent dilewar 1 [dilewa:r] n eloquent,
witty Orator adamlar dilewar bolarlar.
Orators tend to be eloquent. Dilewar
bolmak in gepe eper hem iti zehinli
bolmaly.; gepi 1 adj eloquent gepi
adam gossiper
e-mail e-hat e-mail, message sent by
electronic mail
embargo gabaw 2 [ga:baw] n embargo
ykdysady gabaw economic embargo
embarrass duzlamak 3 [du:zlamak] v to
hurt, embarrass dil bilen duzlamak to
hurt or embarrass someone with your
(sharp) tongue eemi duzlap adan
szleri henizem regimde ok bolup dur.
The salty words of my sister-in-law is
still needle into my heart. Sen Jepbary
ba duzlady-ow! You hurted Jepbar so
much.; utandyrmak 2 v to embarrass
Merdan Masany, gzleri owadan diip

utandyrdy. Merdan embarassed Maysa,

telling her that her eyes were beautiful
embarrassed utanja adj embarrassed
Glat utanja bolanso surata drjek
bolsalar zni eli bilen apardy. Since
Gulshat was shy she covered her face
with hands when someone tried to take
her photo. Leli pianinoda gowy saz
alar, ne utanja bolany in wp bir
zat dise derrew gyzarar. Leili plays on
the piano skilfully, but because of her
shyness she quickly blushes when
someone gives her a prize. "Agabat
gzeli" bsleigine irin, utanja bolany
sebpli, gatnayp bilmedi. Because of her
shyness, Shirin couldn't participate in
the 'Miss Ashgabat' competition.
embarrassment utan 1 n
embarrassment, shyness
embassy ilihana [i:liha:na] n embassy
Bizi urdumyzda kp ilihanalar bar.
There are many embassies in our
country.; wekilhana [weki:lha:na] n
embassy Ilis wekilhanasy English
counsel
embers kz [k:z] n embers, charcoal
Magtymguly tur goluy kze go, eger
dzebilse kylgyl bu ii. Magtymguly,
take an ember in your hand, do it if you
can. comp. kz stnde oturan aly
emblem gerb n emblem dwlet gerbi State
Emblem
embrace gujak 1 n embrace, hug;
gujaklamak v to embrace, hug one
another duuykda gujaklamak to hug
one another on meeting
embroider tikmek v to embroider, sew
embroidered kedeli adj embroidered
Talyp gyzlar we zenan mugallymlar die
kedeli knek gemeli. Student girls and
women teachers must only wear
embroidered dresses.; nagyly 2 adj
embroidered nagyly knek
embroidered dress
embroideress kedei n embroideress,
embroiderer, someone who embroiders
Kedei gyzlar owadan milli lybaslary
tikrler. The girls who do embroidering
make beautiful national clothes.
emotional jogunly 2 [jo:gunly] adj
animated, agitated, stormy, emotional,

agzy bo
enthusiastic, fervent jogunly sz
emotional speech
emphasise nygtamak v to emphasise,
emphasize, stress, mark aratyn
nygtamak to particularly emphasize
nygtap gemek to emphasize
emphasize
empty bo adj empty, vacant bo er
barmy? is there a space? bo gepgrrler empty talk bo krsi an empty
chair bo gezip ren mallar free range
animals bo wagt free time bo gap
empty dishes Bo aap anaklary uwmak
in saagy stnden pledirip aldym.
u gn bo wagtym kn, bir erik
alanmaga gitsemem bolar. Ferma
golayndan geip bararka kplen bo
alanyp ren mallara gabat gelar. bo
orun/ wezipe bo adam bo ulag, mayn
Maynyyzda bo er bar bolsa menem siz
bilen bile gezelenje gitsemem bolar. Bo
duran bedreleri suwdan doldurdym. comp.
agzy bo comp. bo sz comp. eli bo ;
boatmak 2 v to empty ierini boat
clean out the inside Kwartirant aap
oturan jaymyzy eesi otagyny
boatmagymyzy hay etdi. The landlord
requested the lodger to free up his room
for us. Wezipesinden boatmaklaryny
hay etdi. He asked to be freed from his
responsibility. Gyzym agamlaryna bir
stli ni boatman atanok. My
daughter won't go to sleep unless she's
emptied a bottle of milk. daylgy
mallary boatmak to untie domestic
animals wezipeden boatmak; dkmek 3
v to empty, get rid of, dump, strew,
scatter Sli ierini dkdi. The
investigator got rid of the house. Bar
ierini dkdm, ne gapjygymy
tapmadym. I emptied out the entire
contents but didn't find my purse. Ogry
anadan girip, i dkpdir. The thief
entered through the window, and
removed the contents of the house.
Galan nahary dkme,itimize bereris. Don't
throw away the leftovers, we'll give it to
our dog. ola ge dkmek scatter sand
on the road Gyyna maynlar tamaz
aly ola buz dkrler. They scatter salt
on the road in winter to stop the cars
skidding. mallara ot dkmek to scatter
hay for the animals comp. abrayy

102
dkmek ; pwhe adj empty, hollow,
meaningless; pu [pu:] adj empty,
wasted, hollow comp. pu bolmak
comp. puja ykarmak
empty words agzy bo 1 (comp. of agyz,
bo) empty words, meaningless prattle
bay bo
enamel syra 1 n enamel kitri syrasy
gopdy the enamel on the kettle has come
off comp. syra synarmy nme?
enclose alamak 2 v to enclose, fence in
mellegi dayna haat alamak to fence
in a plot of land k dayna p to
bind something with string ?
encounter uramak v to get, to come
over, encounter, suffer, have to put up
with Men bir derde uradym. I had to
suffer/ I have got difficulty. I was made
to sweat. Sen uka geinse, ken
keseline urarsy. If you dress lightly,
you will get pneumonia. Mayny srp
bararkam, tigiri sypyp men howpa
uradym. While I was driving the car,
the wheel slipped and it got quite
dangerous. Dostlar suwa dsp durkalar,
Melisi ylan akyp, bir bela urady.
While friends were swimming Meylis
was unfortunate enough to be bitten by
a snake.; olukmak v to encounter, find
oneself (in), fetch up bir bela olukmak
to get into trouble, come to grief
encourage to taste dadyrmak 2
[da:dyrmak] v to encourage someone to
taste nahary tagamyny dadyrmak to
encourage someone to taste the food
encouraged galkynmak v to be inspired/
encouraged (by), be filled with
end aak 3 cf: tormoz. n end Gy
aaklady. fi:lit Winter is ending.
Derany aagy deze direr. The river
finishes at the sea. comp. aaga dmek
comp. Aagyny bas! comp. aagyy
kesmek comp. aak bagy bolmak comp.
aak ekmek comp. aak diremek comp.
aak gomak comp. aak oluna
ykmak ; u 1 [u:] n end, extremity,
edge, end of cloth, string eti ujundan
from the peace of the meat comp.
kelebi ujuny itirmek (bulamak)
comp. eri ary ujy

103

i sapamaly
end times ahyrzaman [a:hyrzama:n] n
the end times, end of the world, last
judgement
endeavour elide baryny etmek (comp.
of el) to endeavour, to do everything in
one's power Sizi meselizi bitirmek in
elimde baryny ederin. I will do
everything in my power to solve your
problem.; eliden gelenini etmek
(comp. of el) to endeavour, to do
everything in one's power etimlere
eliden gelenini etmek sogap bolar. To do
everything in your power to orphans is
kindness.
endless ummasyz 1 [umma:syz] adj
endless, limitless Trkmenistany erasty
balyklary ummasyz. Turkmenistan's
underground riches are limitless.
Ummasyz yldyzlar patrak aly petrp
durdular. Innumerable stars were
twinkling like white pop corn.
endurance takat [ta:kat] cf: sabyr-takat,
sabyr. adj endurance, tenacity
endure dz gelmek ( dz) v to endure,
bear, stand, withstand, experience Ol
kp kynylyklara dz geldi. He endured
many difficulties. anyda dost, ar
bolsa kynylyklara dz gel. If you
have a close friend you can endure any
difficulty. Uly kynylyklara dz gelmek
in z gje ynam bolmaly. To endure
major difficulties you must be selfconfident. Syrkaw gli agyrylara dz
geldi. The sick man bore intense pain
enemy duman [duma:n] n enemy
Dumandan agylyga garayp bolmaz. Do
not expect good from your enemy.
Dumany glenine ynanma./nakyl/ Do
not believe your enemys smile. Proverb
duman bolmak to be enemies Irdenki
naharyy z i,gnortan naharyy
dostu bilen pala,agam naharyy
dumanya ber. Eat your breakfast
yourself, share your dinner with your
friend and give your supper to your
enemy. Dumany gouny derbi-dagyn
edildi. The enemy's army has been
destroyed. Kiijik dnimezlik in
duman bolduk. From a small
misunderstanding we became enemies.
Duman gazanmak asat, ne hakyky
dostlugy gazanmak kyn. It is easy to

become an enemy, but it is hard to find

a true friend. ilim saglygy
dumanydyr. Cigarettes are a danger to
health. ; agy n enemy, opponent agy
ozmak for an enemy to attack
energy energia [e'nergia] n energy
elektrik energiasy electric energy gn
energiasy sun energy or energy of light;
gujur n energy, power, strength comp.
gujur grkezmek
engaged adagly [a:dagly] adj engaged
Zhre-Tahyr agalykdan biri-birine adagly
bolupdyrlar. Zohre and tahyr was
engaged to each other in childhod.
engine motor 1 [mo'tor] n engine, motor
awtomobili motory car engine motory
otlamak to crank the motor
engineer inener [ine'ner] n engineer
ba inener chief engineer inenermehanik mechanical engineers
England Anglia ['Anglia] n England
(sem. domains: 9.7.2.1 - Names of
countries.)
English ilis 2 [ili:s] adj English ilis dili
English, the English language Bizi
mekdebimizde hepdede gezek ilis dili
sapagy bar. There is an English lesson in
our school for three times a week.
Englishman ilis 1 [ili:s] n a person
from England, English nationality,
things Ilis aallary rn akylly. English
women are very clever. Dnde
ilisleri puly gli. English money is
highly rated in the world.
engraft sapmak 2 v to engraft (something
upon) almany armyda sapmak to engraft
the apple-tree upon the pear-tree (sem.
domains: 1.5 - Plant.) comp. i
sapamaly
enjoyment
enmity dumanylyk [duma:nylyk] n
enmity, hostility, animosity dumanylyk
etmek to have a feud (with)
dumanylykda bolmak to be on hostile/
bad terms with someone ki asyrda
kp dwletler biri-birine dumanylyk
edrdiler. In the last century many
states were enemies with each other.
Dumanylykda bolmak z saglygya
zyan etirmek. To be an enemy is bad
for your health.

bes etmek
enough bes adj enough z gazanjym maa
bes! What I have earned is enough for
me! comp. bes etmek ; Boldy! (comp. of
bolmak) Enough! Stop!; eterlik adv
enough, sufficient, adequate Ol eterlik
atmandy. He didn't get enough sleep.
entangle dalamak [da:lamak] v to be
entangled
entangled bulam-bujar 1 adj entangled,
obscure, complicated arym yldan bri,
bulam-bujar jenaat iini ahyryn zldi.
The criminal case that had got tangled
up for six months was finally resolved.
enter aralamak [a:ralamak] v to enter,
for someone or something to make his/
her/its way through Biz here
araladyk. We are trickling into the city.
msmlik aralady. A silence fell.
regime howsala aralady. I have
started to get anxious.; girimek 1
[gi:rimek] cf: girmek. v enter
Hemmeler ierik giridiler. They all
entered the room. ; girmek 1 [gi:rmek]
cf: girimek. v to enter Uniwersitete
giren bolsam, men hem okardym. If I had
got into university I would also have
studied. Men krhana ie girdim. I've got
an office job taryha girmek to go into
history tze kluba/topara girmek to join a
new club/group Myhman ieri girdi. The
guest went inside. Mayn here girdi.
The car entered the city. comp. de
girmek comp. jan girmek comp. sana
girmek
enter one's name azylmak2 5 v to enter
one's name {competition}
entertainment hdr 1 n invitation,
feasting, entertainment, diversion,
provision of food or drink hdr etmek
to treat (somebody to), entertain
(somebody to), to offer a little
diversion, to provide a little something
enthusiasm hwes 1 n enthusiasm,
interest, pleasure hwes etmek to be
enthusiastic, to desire
enthusiastic ruhubelent 2 [ru:hubelent]
adj enthusiastic Ol z iine ruhubelent
balady. He began his work with
enthusiasm.
entitled hukukly [huku:kly] adj having
rights, enjoying rights, entitled de
hukukly possessing/enjoying equal

104
rights doly hukukly enjoying full rights
hukukly bolmak to have the right (to), be
entitled (to) comp. hak-hukukly
entrance girelge [gi:relge] cf: podezd. n
entrance; girme [gi:rme] n entrance,
access
entreat ksemek 3 v to entreat
entrepreneur telekei 1 n entrepreneur
envelope bukja 2 cf: konwert. n
envelope; konwert ['kanvert] cf: bukja.
n envelope ol haty konwerte salyp,
konwerti agzyny elimledi he put the
letter into an envelope and sealed it
envious bahyl [bahy:l] adj envious; grip
[g:ri:p] n envious person grip bolmak
to be envious; iigara 1 n someone who
is envious, or a person with illintentions (towards) iigara adam an
envious person
enviousness griplik [g:ri:plik] cf:
gripilik. n enviousness
environment daky sreda (comp. of
sreda) the environment
environs alaw 3 n environs, surrounding
area
envoy ili 2 [i:li] n envoy, messenger her
bir trkmen obasyny z ilisi bolupdyr
Every Turkmen village had their own
messengers [between two armies];
wekil 2 [weki:l] n envoy ynanylan wekil
plenipotentiary wekil ibermek to send a
representative Maslahata her welaatdan
wekil geldi. Three representatives
from each region came to the meeting.
ileri wagtlayn ynanylan wekil
provisional representative halk wekilleri
representatives of nations Halk
Maslahatyny wekilleri representatives of
Elder's counsel ol uru neslini wekili he
is an envoy from the war's generation
metbugat seridelerini wekilleri
represntatives of publishment bilim
pudagyny wekilleri representatives of
education branch Allany wekili
representative of god Pygamberi wekili
representative of a prophet
envy bahyllyk [bahy:llyk] n envy;
gripilik [g:ri:pilik] cf: griplik. n
envy gripilik etmek to envy gripilik
bilen with envy, enviously;
grbilmezilik n envy grbilmezilik

105

ysgyndan gamak
etmek to envy; iigaralyk 1 n envy
iigaralyk etmek to envy
epilepsy garagu2 n epilepsy garagu
agyryly epileptic garagu tutmak to have
epileptic {medical}
epoch zamana [zama:na] n time, epoch
bizi zamanamyzda in our time,
nowadays alar zamana gr
zgerrler. Youth changes according to
epoch.
equal barabar 1 [bara:bar] adj
approximately, is around Gouny
agramy kyrk kilo barabar. A sheep's
weight is around forty kilos.; de 1 adj
equal, the same, even; draw ikisem de
they're both the same Bu gawunlary
ikisem de. Both melons are the same.
de gz bilen grmek/garamak to look at
equally de garamak to count equally
de ertde of the same condition de
ululyk equal size de blmek to divide
equally Oun de tamamlandy. The game
finished with a draw. comp. de
agramlylyk ; ta 2 [ta:] cf: butada2.
n equal, peer comp. fiziki tadan
equalise delemek v to make equal,
equalise, to even
equality delik n equality gleri deligi
equality of forces delik alamaty sign of
equality {mathematics}
equally gyrade adv equally, smoothly
gyrade kesmek to cut smoothly
equip abzalladyrmak v to equip, fit out,
kit out edarany tze tehnika bilen
abzalladyrmak to equip an office with
new technology; enjamladyrmak
[enja:mladyrmak] v to equip, fit out
tze tehnika bilen enjamladyrmak to
supply with modern equipment;
serenjamlamak [serenja:mlamak] v to
equip, get ready
equipment abzal 2 n equipment, outfit,
rig gymnastika abzallary gymnastics
equipment; enjam 1 [enja:m] cf:
apparat. n equipment, appliance
medisina enjamlary medical equipment
-hojalyk enjamlary farming equipment;
enjamladyrma [enja:mladyrma] n
equipment, equipping; serenjam
[serenja:m] n equipment, outfit serenjam
bermek to administer, put things in
order

era eam [ea:m] n era, time, times

gadym eamda in olden times bu
eamda in these times Nuh eamynda
in Noah's time comp. b.e. b.e.
erase bozmak 3 v to erase, rub out Galam
bilen azsa, alyyy bozmak asat. If
you write with a pencil, it's easy to rub
out your mistakes. erde hek bilen
ekilen suratlary, agy agyp bozdy.;
pozmak v to erase; break, ruin
eraser bozgu n eraser, (pencil) rubber
Mekdep esbaplaryny iinde hkman
bozgu bolmaly. Amongst the equipment
of a school you must have a rubber.
Ejem birinji gezek bozguly galam
getirende men rn begendim. When my
mother first brought me a pencil with a
rubber on the end I was so happy.
erect dikmek 3 v erect (a tent), put up,
build, to stand (something) up straight
adyr dikmek to erect a tent
errand sargyt cf: zakaz. n errand,
commission, assignment, order birini
sargydyny bitirmek to do somebody's
assignment sargyt etmek to assign, order,
ask
erupt urmak 10 v to erupt Fontan urdy.
The fountain erupted. Dagy eteginden
tze eme urdy. A new spring erupted
from the base of the mountain. comp.
agyz urmak comp. azm urmak comp.
hars urmak comp. Huda ursun! comp.
kk urmak comp. zi oda urmak
comp. rek urmak comp. sowuk urmak
tok urmak comp. urup amak comp.
ama urmak
escape gamak 2 v to escape comp.
gahary gamak comp. gany gamak
comp. kepi gamak comp. uky
gamak comp. ysgyndan gamak ;
gayp gelmek (comp. of gelmek) to
escape
especially beter 1 adv especially,
particularly, unusually Has beter ol
agamlaryna ili. He is especially busy in
the evenings. Bu gn ol beter at. He is
unusually happy today.
essential wajyp 2 [wa:jyp] adj significant
wajyp wezipeler important task Meni
in ilis dilini wrenmek wajyp mesele.
For me learning English is a significant
problem. dindki wajyp amallary berja

teklip girizmek
etmek to do important tasks in religion
wajyp zgtler important solutions
establish berkarar etmek [berkara:r
etmek] (comp. of berkarar) to establish
1995-nji ylda Birleen Milletler
Guramasy garasyz Trkmenistana
bitaraplygy berkarar etdi. In 1995 the
United Nations established
Turkmenistan as a neutral country.
dlweti berkarar etmek to establish the
state; girizmek 4 [gi:rizmek] v establish
kanun girizmek to establish a law comp.
teklip girizmek ; gurmak 3 v to put,
establish, place, install gapan gurmak to
install a trap; jalamak 1 [ja:lamak]
cf: jalamak. v to put in place,
establish Men harytlarymy herde
jaladym. I deposited my goods in the
city.
established berkarar [berkara:r] adj
established comp. berkarar etmek ;
ornamak 3 cf: ornadyrmak. v to be
settled, be established ele hem olar
gnorta Italaada ornaarlar. In this
way they were established in southern
Italy.
esteem abra [a:bra] n esteem, respect,
honour, prestige, (good) reputation
abraa ee bolmak to be keeper of one's
own reputation Trkmen atlaryny
dnde uly abray bar. Turkmen horses
are esteemed around the world.
abrayny dkmek to discredit comp.
abradan dmek
esteemed hormatly adj respected,
esteemed, distinguished, honoured
hormatly myhman guest of honour,
distinguished guest
estimate enlemek v to estimate, guess
birini ayny enlemek to estimate
someone's age
eternal baky [ba:ky] adj for ever, eternal,
everlasting her merkezinde baky ot
anar. In the city centre they have an
undying flame. u suraty jorama baky
adygrlik in berrin. I'm giving this
photo to my friend as an eternal
keepsake.; ebedi 1 [ebedi:] adj eternal,
for ever, everlasting ebedi aamak (lit.)
to live for ever ebedi berkarar bolmak to
establish forever; mdimi [mdi:mi]
adj eternal, everlasting mdimi hrat

106
eternal glory mdimi aay eternal life
comp. mdimi uka gitmek
eternity ebedilik [ebedi:lik] n eternity
Ethiopean hebei adj Ethiopian, African
(sem. domains: 4.1.2 - Types of people.)
euphonious owazly [owa:zly] adj
euphonious; melodious, sweet-sounding,
sounding pleasant, harmonious owazly
ses melodious voice owazly seslenmek to
sound melodiously
Euro ewro n Euro (monetary unit) ewro
ewropany pul birligi. Euro is a
monetary unit for Europe.
Europe Pere n Europe (sem. domains:
9.7.2.2 - Names of regions.); ewropa n
Europe ewropa ewrazia materigini
blegi. Europe is part of Euroasian
materic. (sem. domains: 9.7.2.2 - Names
of regions.)
evaporate bugarmak [bu:garmak] v to
evaporate, exhale, turn into vapour,
vaporise Fizika sapagynda mugallym
bugary prosesini grkezdi. In the physics
lesson our teacher showed us the
process of evaporation. Hammamdan
ykada endamy bugaryp dur.; umak 4
v to evaporate agy agandan so, gn
erbet gyzdyrsa suw bugaryp uar. If the
sun heats up after raining, water
evaporates quickly. agy agandan so,
Gn erbet gyzdyrsa, suw bugaryp uar. If
the sun heats up after raining, water
evaporates quickly. comp. gzden
umak comp. kellden umak
even hatda adv even, even so, even then,
anyway, although; jbt 1 cf: jp. adj
even jbt san even number Birine sji
berse, jbt bermeli. If you give sweets
to someone you should give an even
number. [Turkmen buy an even no. of
sweet things, an odd no. of savoury strong or spicy things] {mathematics}
even though weli1 3 conjunction even
though
evening agam adv evening, night u gn
agam tonight, this evening; assy adj
evening assy namazy evening prayer
assy namazyny okamak to say an
evening prayer {religious}
evenly endigan [endiga:n] adv evenly
endigan smek to develop evenly

107

grk
event hadysa 1 [ha:dy:sa] n event, case,
incident, accident, adventure ge hadysa
unusual event; hekaat 1 [heka:at] n
tale, event, incident, the story of what
happened Adyber, dn nhili hekaat
boldy. Tell me the story of what
happened yesterday.; waka 1 [wa:ka:] n
event, incident syasy waka political
event Bu waka bolupdy. It happened
long ago. taryhy waka historical event
every her adj every, each her bir every her
hili every kind, all sorts, various,
different her kes, her kii everyone her
kim anybody
every other day gnaa [gna:a] adv
every other day, alternate days Ol
gnaa gelr. He comes every other
day.
everyone eten (comp. of )
everyone, anyone
everything haram-halal [hara:m-hala:l]
(comp. of haram) n clean and unclean,
forbidden and allowed, everything
everywhere dumly-du [dumly-du:] adj
in all directions, to the four winds,
everywhere, all over dumly-du gumguklyk total silence dumly-dudan
gutlaglar gelip balady. The
congratulations started to come from all
corners. Sank-Peterburg herini 300
yllygyna dumly-dudan myhman geldi.
Guests came from all over for Saint
Petersburg's 300th anniversary. etimler
ne dumly-dudan kmek geldi. The aid
came to the orphans home from all
corners. u dwr okamaga-da,ilemgede dumly-duy ayk. It is totally open
for work and study in this period.
evidence ahadatnama 1
[aha:datna:ma] n evidence, testimony;
aatnama [a:a:tna:ma] n testimony,
evidence
evil betgylyk n evil, wickedness Betgylyk
adamdan her zada garaybermeli. You
have to expect anything from an evil
person.; kast 3 n evil, harm; nejislik
[neji:slik] n wickedness, evil Seni bu
eden ii nejislik. This thing you did is
wicked. Ol z dostlaryna nejislik etdi. He
did evil to his friend.; amanlyk n
harm, evil birine amanlyk etmek to do
somebody harm Men saa nme

amanlyk etdim? What harm have I done

you? agylyga amanlyk bilen jogap
bermek to repay good with evil; owuz
2 adj evil
evil eye gz-dil n the evil eye gz-dilden
saklamak to protect someone against/
from the evil eye
exact takyklyk 2 [ta:ky:klyk] n accurate,
exact
exactly any adj exactly, quite; edil 2 adv
exactly, on the dot, sharp edil sagat onda
at ten o'clock exactly edil wagtynda in
the sharp time; hut 1 - namely, exactly,
really, just so Bu hut meni gzlen
zadym. That's just what I was looking
for.; nokatma-nokat (comp. of nokat)
exactly, word for word Dostum maa
etjek iini nokatma-nokat adyp berdi. My
friend told me word for word about his
work he will do. nokatma-nokat
grmek to copy something word for
word
exactness anyklyk n exactness, precision,
accuracy Kanunda anyklyk gerek. Laws
must be exact.
exaggerate iirmek 3 [i:irmek] v to
exaggerate, to overestimate, to overstate
mesalni iirmek to exaggerate a
problem comp. regini iirmek ; szi
ulaltmak (comp. of ulaltmak) to
exaggerate Mugallyma okuwylar bolan
dawany szme sz ulaltman atdylar. In
the argument between the teacher and
the students he told them not to
exaggerate.
exaggeration lap [la:p] adv - Ol lap
adar. He exaggerates comp. lap etmek
examine syn etmek1 [sy:n etmek] v to
examine; observe; consider
example grelde n example, model;
grm 1 cf: grk. n example, model,
pattern bagalar in grm bolmak to
become a model for others; meselem
for example meselem, ele sorag... this
question, for example..; mysal 1
[mysa:l] n example, instance mysal in
for example, for instance mysal getirmek
to give an example, cite an example Ol
grrini dowamynda z durmuyndan
birne mysal getirdi. During his talks he
brought some examples from his life.

Arma()!
kimdir birinden mysal almak to follow
somebody's example
Excellency jenap 2 [jena:p] n Excellency
sizi aly jenabyyz! Your Excellency!
excellent aryba adj excellent; tgeik
3 adj excellent, superb; different,
difference ol tgeik mugallym s/he's an
excellent teacher
except baga 2 adj except, apart from
Senden baga howandarym k meni.
Apart from you I don't have any close
support.; tri post except ondan tri
except, besides, apart from; except that
excess agdyk [a:gdyk] adj an excess,
abundance (of something unwanted) u
tomus ekirtgeler akdan agdyk boldy.
This summer the grasshoppers were
extremely abundant.; artyk 1 *** too
much, much more, (in) excess artyk gogolam too many things
exchange alymak 2 v to exchange hat
alymak to exchange letters Biz zara
maglumat alyarys. We share
information amongst ourselves. sz
alymak to have a meaningful
conversation; bira ['bira] n exchange (work) exchange, (stock) exchange u
wagtky iimi bira sti bilen tapdym. I
found my current job through the work
exchange. Men birada hasapda duryn.
I'm on the books at the exchange.;
alyrmak 1 v to exchange; get mixed
up; alyma 1 n exchange, barter,
exchanging; alymak 1 v to exchange
pul alymak to exchange money
exchange news habarlamak v to touch
base, exchange news, get together for a
chat Iden so habarlaaly. Let's touch
base after work.
excited ggnli 1 adj excited, worried,
agitated
Excuse me Bagyla! 2 (comp. of
bagylamak) Excuse me
exemplary greldeli adj exemplary,
model zi greldeli alyp barmak to be
an example greldeli hojalyk model farm
exercise gnkme n exercise gnkmni
ilemek to do an exercise (e.g. from a
textbook)
exhausted armak [a:rmak] v to be
exhausted, be tired, be worn out arman

108
ilemek to work without tiring iden
armak to be exhausted from work comp.
Arma()!
exhibition sergi exhibition
exhort ndemek 2 v to exhort, urge
Kakam meni tehniki ugurdan gitmge
ndedi. my father exhorted me to go on
technic branch Ejem maa drli dilleri
wrenmegi ndedi. my mother exhorted
me to learn different languages
exhortation wagyz 1 n exhortation,
admonition, sermon wagyz etmek to
exhort, to admonish, to preach wagyz
etmek to exhort Garry z agtyklaryna
edepli bolmagy wagyz edrdi. An old
man was exhorting to his grandchildren
to behave well. comp. wagyz-nesihat ;
wagyz-nesihat (comp. of wagyz)
exhortatory advice Magtymgulyny
wagyz-nesihat gogulary bar. There are
exhortatory poems belonging to
Magtymguly.; weset 2 n exhortation
kitaby smegi weset etmek to exhort to
love books dini weset religious
exhortion
exile srgn n exile, banishment,
deportation srgn edilen adam a person
who has been exiled; deportee
exist bar 1 [ba:r] modal v to have
Dkanda dien harydy bar. The shop
has anything you could possibly want.
Bar bol(u)! comp. bar bolmak comp.
bary-ogy ; durmak 4 cf: turmak. v to
be, exist de duran wezipeler, edilmeli
iler eil--elpa dl. The duties that are
before [us] and the jobs that [we] must
do are not easy. comp. dur
existence barlyk [ba:rlyk] n being,
existence
exit ykalga 1 cf: rezerw, tialyk,
haryt, predmet, sapak, dersi, alar,
zapas, zat. n exit, way out kmeki
ykalgaykalga tia ykalga emergency
exit teatry ikinji ykalgasy; yky 1 cf:
konsert. n exit, way out; outcome yky
wizasy exit visa; emel 2 n way out, exit
emel tapmak to find a way out Ahyry bu
ii emeli tapyldy. At the end it was
found of this work. comp. z emeline
zi olamak
expand gieltmek 2 [gi:eltmek] v to
expand dnji gieltmek to expand

109

tmek
(one's) understanding dialogy gieltmek
to expand (their) dialogue
expect garamak 2 v to expect
expectation hantama [ha:ntama:] n
expectation, hope hantama bolmak to
cherish the hope, have hopes (for),
expect Men senden hi zat hantama dl. I
want nothing from you.
expected garaylmak v to be expected, be
supposed, be anticipated Onu gelmegine
garaylar. He is expected to come.
expend tkenmek v to be expended,
consumed, used (up), to run out
Mekindki suw tkendi. The water in the
leather bag ran out.
expense ykdajy n expense, expenditure,
outlay ykdajy etmek to expend, spend
nmi ykdajysy
expenses har cf: harajat. n expense,
expenditure, expenses ol harjy
travelling expenses har etmek to spend,
expend
expensive bahaly adj expensive, valuable
Dahan birleikde agrary hnrment
bahaly adam. In a collective farm an
agricultural specialist is a valuable
commodity. Arheologlary gazyp tapan
gadymy kzesi rn bahaly. The ancient
jug that the archeologists dug up is
extremely valuable.; gymmat 1 adj
expensive, valuable Bu rn gymmat. It
is very expensive. gymmatbaha zatlar
valuable things; gymmatly adj
expensive, costly, valuable Sizi
maslahatyyz meni in rn
gymmatlydyr. I value/appreciate your
advice.
experience badan geirmek (
geirmek) v to experience Garry
adamlar badan geiren gnlerini r
gyzykly adyp berrler. Old people tell
their experiences in a really interesting
way.; ekmek1 15 [ekmek] v to
experience, go through, bear degirmende
un ekmek (kmeki ilik rolunda) comp.
ah ekmek comp. ahmyr ekmek comp.
aak ekmek comp. ejir ekmek comp.
el ekmek comp. gam ekmek comp.
hasrat ekmek comp. hor ekmek comp.
jeza ekmek comp. kep ekmek comp.
kynylyk ekmek comp. nala ekmek
comp. zhmet ekmek ; duar bolmak

[du:a:r] v experience, undergo, suffer,

encounter kynylyklara duar bolmak to
experience difficulties Magala balary
ogalanyndan so kyn agdaa duar
boldular. They encountered difficulties
after the death of the head of the
family. Sowet dwleti dagandan so biz
kp zgerie duar bolduk. After seceding
from the Soviet Union we underwent
many changes. ; grmek 3 v experience,
go to see Sen to grdmi? Have you
been to a wedding? comp. oa gr ;
hekaat 2 [heka:at] n experience,
occurrence; tejribe 1 n experience;
etmek 7 v to experience Men kp
zady bayna etdim. I experienced a lot
of thiings. {colloq}
experienced dnjeli adj experienced,
learned gi dnjeli adam broad-minded
person dar dnjeli adam narrowminded person; tejribeli 1 adj
experienced tejribe etmek conduct an
experiment
experiment tejribe 2 n experiment
experimental tejribeli 2 adj experimental
expert ekspert [eks'pert] cf: ussat. n
expert
expertise ussatlyk [ussa:tlyk] n expertise,
skill Glirin Alijanowa z konsertinde
yky edip ussatlyk grkezdi. Gulshirin
Alijanova performed on her own
concert and showed her expertise u
2006-njy yldaky olimpiadada Amerikaly
figurist gyzlar z programmalarynda
ussatlyk grkezdiler. This year, 2006,
American ice-skaters showed a
masterpiece in their programme.
Kaskadorlar maynlarynda k mayny
stnden srp gerler, edip olar
ussatlyk grkezrler. Stunt men drive
their cars over freighters and in so
doing show their skills.
expire tmek 1 cf: tmek. v to expire,
elapse wagt tr time is running out
explain dndirmek v to explain,
illustrate okuwylara sapagy dndirmek
to explain a lesson to the pupils
Okuwylar kada-kanuny bozmaz aly
gowy dndirmeli. It must be made clear
to the pupils that they should not break
the rules. Men z agdaymy size
dndiresim gelr. I would like to

arylajak bolmak
explain my condition to you. agalara
ouny manysyny dndirip, oun
onamaga baladyk. Having explained
the rules of the game to children we
started playing.
explanation dndiri 1 n explanation,
account dndiri bermek to explain
Dndiri hatymda ie nme sebp bilen
gij galanlygymy azdym. I explained the
reason for my tardiness in my
explanatory note. Sz dndirii
szlkden tapyp bolar. The meaning of
the word can be found in dictionary.
explanatory dndiri 2 adj explanatory
dndiri haty explanatory note
explode partlamak v to blow up, explode,
pop bomba partlady the bomb exploded
kpabl partlady the ship blew up;
arylmak 3 [a:rylmak] v to explode,
blow up comp. arylajak bolmak
exponent grkeziji 1 n exponent, index
dereje grkeziji degree index
{mathematics}
export eksport ['eksport] n export eksport
etmek to export
exposure pa [pa:] adv exposure pa
etmek to expose, disclose, denounce,
unmark, reveal, make public pa bolmak
to be exposed, be denounced, be
revealed, be discovered, be unmarked,
come to light onu syry pa boldy his
secret was revealed/exposed dildwik
pa boldy a plot was discovered/
revealed
express bildirmek 3 v to express
minnetdarlyk bildirmek to express one's
thanks Ol z razylygyny hat sti bilen
bildirdi. He showed his agreement via a
letter.
express a wish dilemek 2 v to express a
desire/wish
expresses regret ah2 interj expresses
regret, annoyance etc.
expression alatma 1 [a:latma] n
expression, phrase lingwistik alatmalar
linguistic phrases
extend ekmek1 1 [ekmek] v to lay
(down), extend, stretch Ol kemerini ekip
dady. comp. ah ekmek comp. ahmyr
ekmek comp. aak ekmek comp. ejir
ekmek comp. el ekmek comp. gam

110
ekmek comp. hasrat ekmek comp. hor
ekmek comp. jeza ekmek comp. kep
ekmek comp. kynylyk ekmek comp.
nala ekmek comp. zhmet ekmek ;
uzalmak 1 v to extend, become longer,
to be extended Tomus alarynda
gndizler uzaar. In summer days get
longer. olumyzy uzaltmajak bolsa bir
waka adyp bersene! If you don't want to
lengthen our journey tell us some
stories!; uzaltmak 2 v to extend, to
prolong Men gutaryp baran wizamy
uzaltdym. I prolonged my visa, which
was coming to an end. arawsyzlyk
kagyzymy, doly gutulmanlygym sebpli
ene uzaltdym. I prolonged my sick note,
because of I hadn't wholly recovered.
Gk nm imek mri uzaldar. Eating
vegetables prolongs life. Alky almak we
regide kine saklamazlyk mri
uzaldar. Being grateful and not keeping
any offence in your heart prolongs your
life. {time, life}; uzatmak 2 v to extend,
to stretch Kellmi penjireden uzadyp
oglumy agyrdym. I stretched my head
through window and called to my son.
Stolu ol etindki duran kitaby elimi
uzadyp zordan aldym. I could hardly
reach the book even stretching my arm,
which was on the end of table.
Salamlamak in dostuma elimi uzatdym.
I extended my hand to greet my friend.
Aagymy uzatmasam eplp oturanymdan
so dyzym agyrar. If I do not stretch my
leg, my knee hurts after sitting with it
bended.
exterior day cf: damak. post exterior,
outer layer; (fruit) peel, skin; peelings
daynda outside dayna ykmak to go
out day jjek ii mjek a wolf in sheep's
clothing
extinguished k cf: gsi. adj
extinguished, switched/turned off, put
out yra k eken. The light was turned
of.
extort onmak 2 [o:nmak] v to extort,
take Men ondan on m manat ondum. I
rushed him ten thousand manats. {fig}
extra sse n on top, extra sse almak to
get extra sse bermek to give extra
{payment}

111

z-gz
extract ekmek1 13 [ekmek] v to extract
(e.g. sperm for artificial insemination)
{livestock} comp. ah ekmek comp.
ahmyr ekmek comp. aak ekmek
comp. ejir ekmek comp. el ekmek
comp. gam ekmek comp. hasrat
ekmek comp. hor ekmek comp. jeza
ekmek comp. kep ekmek comp.
kynylyk ekmek comp. nala ekmek
comp. zhmet ekmek ; ekmek1 4
[ekmek] v to extract (e.g. silk), pull
out; draw guudan sw ekmek to draw
water from a well comp. ah ekmek
comp. ahmyr ekmek comp. aak
ekmek comp. ejir ekmek comp. el
ekmek comp. gam ekmek comp.
hasrat ekmek comp. hor ekmek comp.
jeza ekmek comp. kep ekmek comp.
kynylyk ekmek comp. nala ekmek
comp. zhmet ekmek ; ykarmak1 7 v
to extract, mine nebit ykarmak to
extract oil comp. ba ykarmak comp.
netije ykarmak comp. atdan ykarmak
comp. ze ykarmak ; para2 2 n
extract romandan bir para extract from
a novel
extraordinary adatdan daary (comp. of
adat) extraordinary, extreme, very

unusual Tomusda gar agmagy adatdan

daary agdadyr. It would be
extraordinary to have snow in the
summer. adatdan daary ili special
envoy
eye garak 1 n eye Seni garagy gapykmy?
Are you walking around with your eyes
shut?; gz n eye gz perdesi cornea gz
hanasy eye-socket gz agy white (of
the eye) gz garasy pupil (of the eye)
gz gypmak to wink (at), give a wink
(at) gz awusyny almak to take a nap
gz etirmek to realise, to find something
out; know well, understand gzden
geirmek to check something gzden
galmak become poor-sighted comp. gz
onaklatmak comp. gz nde
tutulmak comp. gzden salmak comp.
gzden itmek comp. gz gitmek
eyed gzli 1 adj eyed, sighted, having...
eye(s) bir gzli one-eyed iti gzli sharpsighted, keen-eyed
eyelid gabak [ga:bak] n eyelid badam
gabak almond-shaped eyelid okarky
hem aaky gabak upper and lower
eyelid gabak astyndan bakmak to stare at
an eyelid

Ff

fables alan-aryk cf: alan. fables;

fables, cock-and-bull stories alanaryk szler false words
face bay dmek (comp. of dmek2) to
face Baya nhili kyn gn dsede ol
kynylyklary eip gemeli. If you have to
face difficult circumstances you have to
have victory over them and move on.;
didar 1 [di:da:r] n face Men seni
didaryy grsem. I would like to see your
face {fig}; dumak 2 [du:mak] v to
face, meet with Olar helkilige
duupdyrlar. They faced trouble. They
had an accident. olda bela-betere
duman geldimi? Havent you met any
trouble on the way? Uzak ola ykada

seresaply bolmasa helkilige duup

bolar. If you are not careful when you
go on a long journey you can get into an
accident.; dyar 2 n face; sust n face;
heart, spirit onu susty basyldy his face
fell; ts n face; z2 1 n face Onu zi
a aly. She is very beautiful. Her face is
like the moon. zbe-z face to face z
kebi appearance, look zi sallamak
to display one's dissatisfaction zi
ytmak to knit one's brows, frown z
gyzarmak to blush comp. ayk zli
comp. agyr zli comp. ilime z
urmak comp. z dndermek comp. z
saraltmak comp. z solgun comp. z
tutmak comp. z urmak comp. z-gz

zbe-z
comp. zbe-z comp. zi tzelenmek
comp. zne gara srtmek comp.
zni uwmak
faced with duar adj faced with a
situation Megerem, bu igit bir owsyzlyga
duar gelipdir. Maybe something
unfortunate happened to that young
man.
face-to-face zbe-z (comp. of z2)
face-to-face Meni onu bilen zbe-z
grlemeli wagtym geldi. Time came to
talk with him face to face.
fact fakt cf: subutnama. n fact gyzykly
faktlar interesting facts tsin fakt
unusual fact; subutnama 2
[subu:tna:ma] cf: fakt. n fact
factor faktor ['faktor] n factor agytlajy
faktor decisive factor
factory zawod [za'wod] n factory, plant
Lebap welaatynda tze zawod guruldy. A
new factory was built in the Lebap
region.
fade agarmak 2 [a:garmak] v to fade
Knek uwlup-uwlup agarypdyr. After
washing repeatedly, the dress has
faded.; sol1 v to fade, wither; solmak v
to fade; sllermek v to fade, wither;
droop, flag, lose heart; itmek 3 v to
fade ...azylan hatlar kagyzy znden
itip gidipdir. ...the writing on the paper
had faded. say. garasy itmek comp.
gzden itmek
fading solgun adj fading
faeces tret 2 n faeces
fail ykmak 5 v to fail Mugallym talyby
ekzamende ykdy. The teacher failed the
student in an examination. comp.
gwnni ykmak comp. ni ykmak
comp. ykan-umran ; ykylmak 4 v to
fail Ol giri ekzamenlerde ykyldy. He
failed in the entrance examinations.
comp. aagyna ykylmak comp. glp,
kese ykylmak
faint ra1 [ra:] n faint ra keseli fainting
sickness; tapdan dmek (comp. of
dmek2, tap) to faint
fair adyl adj fair, just adyl sud court of
justice
fairy tale erteki1 n (fairy)-tale, folk story
halk ertekileri folk-stories arwah-jynly

112
ertekiler fairy tales about demons comp.
erteki otarmak
faith iman 1 [i:ma:n] n faith, belief iman
etmek to believe; ynam cf: ygtybar
bolmak, ynan. n faith, belief, trust,
confidence; trust, confidence, faith
birini ynamyndan pedalanmak to enjoy
someone's confidence ymykly bildirmek
to believe somebody, trust somebody
ynam bildirmek to believe somebody,
trust somebody
faithful jana-jan 1 [ja:na-ja:n] cf:
janker. (comp. of jan) adj faithful,
loyal, reliable, devoted, staunch,
trustworthy jana-jan dost faithful/loyal
friend; sadyk [sady:k] adj faithful, true;
wepaly [wepa:ly] cf: wepadar. adj
faithful, devoted wepaly dost faithful
friend
faithful one wepadar [wepa:da:r] cf:
wepaly. n faithful_one wepadar dost
faithful friend z sgie wepadar bolmak
to be faithful to your love
faithfulness wepalylyk [wepa:lylyk] n
faithfulness, loyalty, devotion watana
wepalylyk devotion to a country
braym Hudaa wepalylygy nusgasyny
grkezen adam bolupdyr. Abraham was a
man who displayed an example of
faithfulness towards God.; ygtybarlylyk
faithfulness, reliability z lebzie
wepalylyk we ygtybarlylyk trkmeni
esasy hsietleridir. Keeping his promise
and faithfulness are the main characters
of Turkmen.
faithless wepasyz [wepa:syz] adj
faithless, disloyal, unfaithful wepasyz
olda unfaithful friend
falcon layn 1 [la:yn] n falcon eldeki
layn trained falcon
fall agmak 4 [a:gmak] v to fall Ol atdan
agdy. He fell off the horse.; dklmek 4
v to fall, fall upon Talaylar gala
dkldiler. The raiders fell upon the
castle.; dklmek 5 v to fall, fall out
Jbimdki ownuk pullar dklipdir. The
change in my pocket has fallen out.
apraklar dklr. The leaves are
falling.; dmek2 11 cf: dnmek. v
to fall (in love) comp. abradan dmek
comp. aa dmek comp. aagy dmek
comp. ara dmek comp. bay dmek

113

dnmek
comp. ke dmek comp. ele dmek
comp. gorka dmek comp. haldan
dmek comp. howsala dmek comp.
jayna dmek comp. kne dmek
comp. kjesine dmek comp. ruhdan
dmek comp. salkyn dmek comp.
surata dmek comp. tapdan dmek
comp. stnden dmek1 comp. yka
dmek comp. ada dmek comp. ola
dmek comp. rege dmek ;
dmek2 2 cf: dnmek. v to fall,
drop, sink, fall down Hemme
jogapkrilik bizi stmize ddi. All the
responsibilities have fallen on us. Klasda
hemmeler meni stmden ddi. All have
fallen on me in the class. ???? Derany
suwy ddi. The river level fell. Duman
esir ddi. The enemy were taken
prisoner. comp. abradan dmek
comp. aa dmek comp. aagy dmek
comp. ara dmek comp. bay dmek
comp. ke dmek comp. ele dmek
comp. gorka dmek comp. haldan
dmek comp. howsala dmek comp.
jayna dmek comp. kne dmek
comp. kjesine dmek comp. ruhdan
dmek comp. salkyn dmek comp.
surata dmek comp. tapdan dmek
comp. stnden dmek1 comp. yka
dmek comp. ada dmek comp. ola
dmek comp. rege dmek ;
dmek2 4 cf: dnmek. v to fall,
appear Garaky ddi. Darkness fell.
Garaky dmk, mize aaly. Let's get
home before dark. ere gyraw dpdir.
The ground was covered with
hoarfrost. Tze yl baramylygyna
dkanlara kp tze harytlar dpdir. The
shop was filled with many new goods in
the New Year holiday. comp. abradan
dmek comp. aa dmek comp. aagy
dmek comp. ara dmek comp. bay
dmek comp. ke dmek comp. ele
dmek comp. gorka dmek comp.
haldan dmek comp. howsala dmek
comp. jayna dmek comp. kne
dmek comp. kjesine dmek comp.
ruhdan dmek comp. salkyn dmek
comp. surata dmek comp. tapdan
dmek comp. stnden dmek1 comp.
yka dmek comp. ada dmek comp.
ola dmek comp. rege dmek ;
gamak 3 v to fall Gzde apraklar

gaarlar. In autumn leaves fall (from

the trees). comp. gahary gamak
comp. gany gamak comp. kepi
gamak comp. uky gamak comp.
ysgyndan gamak ; pessalamak 1
[pessa:lamak] v fall, go/come down,
descend uar barha pessalaar the plane
is descending; sallanmak 1 cf:
sallanjyramak. v to drop, fall ahalar
aak sallanypdyr the branches have
fallen down; serpilmek 2 v to fall, drop,
splash {water}; agmak 1 cf:
agdyrmak. v to fall agy agar. It is
raining. agy gli agar. It is
pouring. Gar agar. It is snowing. agy
bedreden guulan aly agar. It is
raining cats and dogs. Doly agar. It is
hailing. {precipitation}
fall apart dagamak 3 v to fall apart, be
worn out Meni kwm dagady. My
shoes fell apart. Onu knegi dagapdyr.
His shirt is worn out.
fall down ykylmak 3 v to fall down
gaadan ykylmak to fall down the cliff
comp. aagyna ykylmak comp. glp,
kese ykylmak
fall from grace abradan dmek 2
(comp. of abra, dmek2) to fall from
grace Ol alan geplp, abradan ddi.
He lied and has fallen from grace.
fall ill nsaglamak v to be ill, fall ill Ol
nsaglapdyr. He has fallen ill.
fall into clutches penj dmek (comp.
of penje) v to fall into somebody's
clutches
fall into hands ele dmek (comp. of
dmek2, drmek, el) to fall into the
hands of Kakamy gazaba mnen
wagtynda eline ddm. I fell into the
hands of my father just as he was
getting angry. Uru birinji gijesinde Brest
heri dumanla eline ddi. Brest city
was fell into enemy's hand on the first
night of war. Ogry asatlyk bilen ele
ddi. The thief was captured easily.
fall out dmek2 3 cf: dnmek. v to
fall out Kse elegi iine ddi. The cup
fell out of the bucket. z gazan ukurya
z dd./nakyl/ You fell into the pit
which you dug for yourself. (Proverb)
Syan gurulgy duran gapana ddi. The
mouse fell out of the trap. Balyk tora

abradan dmek
ddi. Fish fell out of the net. agany
ilkinji dii ddi. The milk teeth of
children fall out. Nerw keselinden so
saym ddi. I went bald because of a
nervous disease. Garranydan so dii
dr. Teeth fall out as people get
older. comp. abradan dmek comp.
aa dmek comp. aagy dmek comp.
ara dmek comp. bay dmek comp.
ke dmek comp. ele dmek comp.
gorka dmek comp. haldan dmek
comp. howsala dmek comp. jayna
dmek comp. kne dmek comp.
kjesine dmek comp. ruhdan dmek
comp. salkyn dmek comp. surata
dmek comp. tapdan dmek comp.
stnden dmek1 comp. yka dmek
comp. ada dmek comp. ola dmek
comp. rege dmek
fall over agdarylmak 2 [a:gdarylmak] v
to fall over, capsize k gyyk basylsa
agdarylar. If touched, an unbalanced
load falls over.
falling ill nsaglyk 2 n falling ill, falling
sick
false galp adj false, fake, faked galp gol
false signature galp pul false money,
forgery, counterfeit galp pasport false
passport galp hereket false action
fame mehurlyk [mehu:rlyk] n fame
mehurlyk gazanmak to become famous;
to have prestige
familiar belet adj familiar,
acquainted(with) Bu erlere men belet. I
know this area. Biz oa belet. We know
him.; tany adj familiar Men hzirki
zaman edebiaty bilen tany dl. I'm not
familiar with current literature.
family adamly 1 [a:damly] adv not alone,
with people; gzli-baly adj having a
family, family gzli-baly adam family
man gzli-baly bolmak to have a family,
to be married gzli-baly etmek to marry,
get married; magala 1 n family
magalamyzda b adam bar there are
five people in our family; er 9 n
family, descendant Ol gyz gowy eri
magalasy ekeni. That girl comes from a
good family. comp. er almasy comp.
er hoz comp. er tudana comp. erine
comp. erine etirmek

114
famine alyk 2 [a:lyk] n famine
Gurakylykda alyk drer. When there
is a lack of rainfall, it causes famine.
famous adygan [a:dygan] adj famous;
atly2 2 [a:tly] adj famous, well-known
atly adymy famous singer; belli 1 adj
famous, well-known belli maglumat wellknown information belli maglumat artist
well-known actor Gn ykjagy belli.
We know that the sun rises every day.
comp. belli bahasy ok comp. belli
derejede comp. bellisini etmek ; mehur
famous, well-known, celebrated
megullanmak bolmak to be famous
megullanmak azyjy well-known writer
fan elpewa [elpewa:] n fan elpewajy
gadym dwrde msrliler olap tapypdyr.
Fan was invented by egyptians in
ancient times.
fancy akylyny almak (comp. of akyl) to
take a liking to something, to fancy
something Tze sport mayny igidi
akylyny aldy. The young man fancied a
new sports car.
far umma 1 [umma:] adj far away, distant
Mekany menden alan puly ummadan
ykdy. Mekan has borrowed a lot of
money from me. Dwran mugallymy
okan kitaplary ummadan ykdy.; uzak 1
adj far, long mizden Murgap
derasyna enli ol uzak, bizem maynda
gidris. From home to the Murgap river
is a long way, and we are going by car.
Telefon arkaly biz uzak aralykdaky
adamlar bilen habarlayp bilris. Using
telephones we can communicate with
people who are far away. {distance}
comp. mr uzak bolsun!
far away bija1 2 [bi:ja:] adj a long way
away Biz bija erde aaarys, imit
almaga gitmek in 2 km oly remeli.
We live a long way away - it's a 2km
walk to buy food.
far awy allaowarra adv far away
far end dul1 [du:l] n far end of tamy duly
far end of the room. Myhmany eri
tamy dulundadyr. The guests place is at
the far end of the room. Baga gara i
dulunda er berildi. The singer was given
a seat at the far end of room.

115

semremek
fare kire n fare ol kirei fare kire etmek
to earn money (transporting things)
kiree bermek to lease, to let, to hire out
kire tutmak to hire sen mayna kire
tlemeli you have to pay the taxi fare
kireine almak to lease, to take on lease,
hire, rent comp. diliden kire islemek ;
muzd 1 n payment, fare muzduny
bermek to pay muzduny talap etmek to
demand fare Ussa muzduni ber-de, gyssa.
Pay to craftsman and hurry him up.
farm ferma ['ferma] n farm st fermasy
milk farm; hojalyk 2 n farm, smallholding, economic unit, business
organisation iri hojalyk large-scale farm
kollektiw hojalyk collective farm;
sowhoz n state farm {abbr}
farmer dahan 1 [daha:n] cf: kolhozy.
n farmer, agricultural labourer, farmhand dahan birleigi farmers'
association; collective farm [used to be
called 'collective farm' or 'kolhoz'
(Russian)]; ekerany [ekera:ny] n
farmer; ekini n farmer; fermer
['fermer] n farmer; sowhozy n farmer
who works on a state farm
farming ekeranylyk [ekera:nylyk] n
farming ekeranylyk bilen megullanmak
to do farming ekeranylyk erleri
farmland ekeranylyk hojalygy farm
fashion moda ['moda] n fashion, vogue
modada bolmak to be in fashion
modadan ykmak to be out of fashion
moda urnaly magazine of fashion
fashionable modaly adj fashionable,
stylish modaly knek fashionable shirt/
dress
fast agyz beklemek (comp. of beklemek)
to fast, keep the fast Oraza aynda agyz
beklemek uly sogap. To fast in the month
of Ramadan is a very good deed.; oraza
1 [ora:za] n Oraza oraza tutmak to fast,
keep the fast {Muslim month,
religious}; rgr adj fast, quick rgr
harytlar quick-selling goods
fat doly2 4 [do:ly] fat, overweight; mes 4
adj fat, full, replete mes mal fat stock;
semiz adj fat, thick semiz goun fat
sheep
fat tail guruk 2 n fat tail gumak agy fat
of sheep's tail {of certain breeds of
sheep} comp. guruk tutdurmazlyk

fate kysmat n fate, destiny, fortune

kysmatdakyny grmek to see if it's one's
fate; nesip 1 [nesi:p] n destiny, fate,
providence, lot; destiny, fate Nesibeli gn
giderin. I will when it's my fate.
nesibedkini grmek to see if it's one's
fate Men ertir bararyn, nesip bolsa. I'll go
along tomorrow, God willing. Garda,
ertir nesip bolsa men Nusay grmge
gitjek. Neighbour! Tomorrow, God
willing, I'm going to see [the ancient
city] Nisa.; pelek 2 n fate, destiny {fig}
comp. pelek urmak ; rysgal 2 cf: rysk.
n fate ize rysgal agsyn. May good
fortune rain on his house. Saagyyza
rysgal! Blessings on your tablecloth! [i.e.
may it (tablecloth, bread cloth) always
be bursting full of food.] say. Baguu
rysgaly agzyna geler ; rysk 1 cf: rysgal.
n lot; fate comp. rysky arylmadyk ;
ykbal [ykba:l] n fate, lot; fortune
ykbalya minnetdarlyk bildirmek to thank
one's lucky stars Ykbal meni
Tkmenistana eltdi. Fate sent me to
Turkmenistan. Men u gnki bagtym in
ykbalymdan razy. I thank my lucky star
for my happiness.
father ata 3 n father ene-ata parents
{literary} comp. atalar szi comp. atam
dwrnden galan comp. atam i say.
Atasyz oglan etim, enesiz oglan esir ;
dde n father, daddy {dial}; kaka
[ka:ka] n father we kaka stepfather
Ejemi aal dogany dazam bolar. The
sister of my mother is my aunt. Kbir
welaatlarda kakasyna dde dirler. In
some regions they call/say to father as
dade.; peder n father
fatherhood atalyk n fatherhood
father-in-law gaynata n father-in-law
fatness meslik 3 n fatness, repleteness
mesligi goun gterer only sheep can bear
the fatness (sem. domains: 3.5.4.2 Saying, proverb.)
fatten semremek cf: semretmek. v to
fatten, become/grow fat/stout, put on
weight; semretmek cf: semremek. v to
fatten, make fat ldrmek in semretmek
to fatten for slaughter
fatty agly [a:gly] adj fatty, oily, greasy
agly palaw greasy pilau agly sa greasy
hair

gn klemek
faucet kran1 2 n faucet {col}

fault etmi n wrongdoing; fault, blame

Meni nme etmiim bar? What have I
done wrong? Meni etmiim nme? what
is my fault?; gn 2 n fault comp. gn
klemek
favour ala tutmak (comp. of ala) to
favour, show preference for Balyk z
igrlerini ala tutar. The boss treats
some of his workers preferentially.
{relationships}
favourite sgli n favourite, loved one,
girlfriend, boyfriend, lover
fear bayy etegie salmak (comp. of
ba, etek) to fear; ekinmek 2 v to be
afraid of, fear Ol sowan pulny atmaga
ekindi.; gorkmak v to fear, be afraid of;
to worry; gorky n fear (of), dread (of),
terror, fright Gorkyny lme pedasy
ok. Being afraid doesn't stop you dying.
gorka dmek to fear, be afraid (of);
heder n fear, terror, fright heder etmek
to be afraid (of), fear; wehim n fear Bu
erde ylan barlygy bizde wehim dretdi.
Here the fact that there were snakes
created fear in us.
fearful sar adj fearful, easily frightened/
scared, shy, timid sar goun fearful
sheep
feather per1 n feather, down per assyk
feather pillow per deke feather bed;
elek n feather, down elek assyk kp
derdie pedaly. Downy pillow is helpful
for many illneses.
feathers hasa1 n feathers
February fewral [few'ral] n February
(sem. domains: 8.4.1.4 - Month.)
feed emmek v to breast-feed; idirmek v
to feed, to give someone something to
eat Olar bize gelende, men olar imge bir
zatlar berdim. I gae them something to
eat when they came to us. comp.
hakyy idirmek ; imitlemek v to feed
a hawanlary wagtly-wagtynda
imitlendirmeli. Young animals are feed
time by time.; imitlendirmek v to
feed, to nourish gnde gezek
imitlendirmek to feed three times a day;
naharlamak v to feed syrkawy
naharlamak to feed a disabled person Bu
erde oat naharlaarlar. They feed you

116
well here. {humans, pets & carnivores
in a zoo}
feed up dourmak v to feed someone/
something until full garnyy dourmak
to eat one's fill alary dourmak to feed
up hungry people
feel ekinmek 1 v to feel/be shy, be
ashamed ekinm! Don't be shy!;
dumak 1 v to feel, sense Men agyry
duup baladym. I started to feel a pain.
zi gowy dumak to feel better zi
erbet dumak to feel worse nden
dumak to know beforehand Derman
ienimden so agyrlarymy duamok. I did
not feel any pain after I had medicine.
Hassa bir ne gnden so zni gowy
duup balady. The patient began to feel
better after several days. Dazamdan
agyr szleri eidenimden so zmi erbet
dudum. I felt bad when my aunt spoke
harshly. ; syzmak v feel, sense, be
aware of adawlygyi syzmazlyk lack of
awareness of being tired
feeling dugy n feeling, sense, emotion
Dugulary aramazy griplikdir. The
worst feeling is envy. Enelik dugusy hi
wagt alymaar. A mother's intuition
is never wrong.
feigned jgi 1 [j:gi] adj feigned,
hypocritical, shammed jgi adam
pretender, sham, hypocrite
fell agdarmak 3 [a:gdarmak] v to fell (a
tree) Iiler samany mayndan
agdardylar. The labourers threw the
bales of straw down from the truck.;
ykmak 2 v to fell, cut down, topple
Agalary yksa, adamy mrni
ykdygydyr. If you fell trees, you cut
short a person's life. comp. gwnni
ykmak comp. ni ykmak comp.
ykan-umran
fellow believer ymmat 1 n co-religionist,
fellow believer, descendant (in a
spiritual sense) Bir dine uan
ymmatlarymyz bizi doganlarymyzdyr.
Our co-religionists are our brothers and
sisters. {religious}
fellow-villager obada [o:bada] n
fellow-villager Men obada gyza ayk
boldum. I fell in love with my
villagemate girl.

117

ugruna
felt duulmak v to be felt, be known, be
noticed Onu kebi maa tany duuldy. I
recognised his face was.; kee n felt
(fabric) or wool mat made by hand kee
ekmek to drag a felt along the ground
kee basmak to press a felt kee dik felt
boots Indi obada kn kee ulanmaarlar.
Nowadays felt mats are not used much
in the villages.
female mkian 2 [mkia:n] n female
(of birds) mkian kepderi female pigeon
mkian towuk female hen; urkay adj
female (animal) opan urkay malyny bir
gapdala erkek malyny bir gapdala
srdrdi. The shepherd made his female
sheep stay on one side and his male
sheep on the other. Akgu urkay it
bolsa-da, Garagzi edi. Even though
Akgush was a female dog, she beat
Garagoz in the fight.
fence amana [a:mana] n fence
amana alamak to put up a fence
fermented milk al1 [a:l] n fermented
milk de aly fermented camel's milk
[usually made by fermenting milk, but
can be a mixture of curds water and
salt]
fertile mes 5 adj fertile, fecund, prolific,
fruitful mes erler fertile soil/lands
fertiliser derman 2 [derma:n] n fertiliser;
dkn 1 n fertiliser, manure mineral
dkn chemical fertiliser dkn dkmek
to fertilise erli dkn manure Ekin
ekmezinden eri agdaryp dkn
dkmeli. Before sowing, the field needs
to be ploughed and fertilised. Medana
dkn dkmek in traktory taynladyk.
We got the tractor ready to fertilise the
field. Gllerimiz gowy ser aly mineral
dkn bilen dknleris. We use
chemical fertiliser to make our flowers
grow well.
fertility meslik 4 n fertility, fecundity,
fruitfulness erleri mesligi the lands'
fertility meslikde aamak to live rich
festival baram n Bairam; festival,
celebration, free day, holiday ei
baramyyz gutly bolsyn!
Congratulations on victory day! Nowruz
baramyna gabatlap, nden bugda
ekip goarlar. Before New Year's
festival arrives, they sow wheat.;

baramylyk n holiday, day off,

festival Baramylyklary iinde i gowy
hem gyzyklysy Gurban baramy. Amongst
the festivals Gurban festival is the best
and most interesting.
festive dabaraly 1 adj festive, celebratory
dabaralamak gn gala day, feast day
fetch alyp gatmak v to fetch, bring
fever gyzgyn 1 n fever, temperature Onu
gyzgyny okary. He has a high
temperature.
few az [a:z] adv a few, not enough, too
little Ol mydama az ir. He never eats
enough. az mukdarda small quantity
(weight) az salym a little while, a short
time (as in a few days) az sanly small
number az wagtda in a bit, soon (as in
minutes) az galdy a little left comp. azowlak1 ; serek 2 adj few, not many ol
erde adamlar serekdi there were only
few people there
fiance gelinlik n fiance, girl who is
engaged to be married
fiance gyz 2 [gy:z] n fiance, the girl
you are going to marry comp. gelin-gyz
comp. gyz-oglan
field bassen 2 [bas'sen] n field kmr
basseni coalfield; ekinilik 1 n field,
large area of sown crops; karta 2
['karta] n field, tract of (cultivated)
land, section (of a field) gowaa
kartalary cotton fields/lines
{agricultural}; medan 1 [meda:n] n
field, meadow; open country pagta
medany cotton field medanda ilemek
to work out in a field gk ekeranylyk
medany a field of greens, a herb bed
Medanda deler otlaar. In the open
country camels are eating grass. swe
medany war field gurluyk medany
building site tennis medany tennis court
bedenterbie medany sports ground,
playing field comp. bir medan1 comp.
bir medan2 comp. gr medany
comp. magnit medany comp. swe
medany ; pudak 2 [pu:dak] n field,
sphere, branch ylym pudagy sphere/
department/field of knowledge halk
hojalygyny pudaklary branches of the
national economy; ugur 3 cf: ugruna.
post field ol bu ugurdan uly spesialist S/he
is a great specialist in this field. Ol din

ugruna bolmak
ugrundan alym. He is a professor in
religious studies. ugruna bolmak comp.
ugruna ykmak comp. ugur almak
comp. ugur hayr bola! comp. ugur
tapmak
fierce ganym [gany:m] adj fierce,
ferocious, cruel ganym duman mortal
enemy, deadly enemy; hyrsyz [hy:rsyz]
adj fierce, mean, wicked, malicious,
malevolent, vicious hyrsyz adam wicked
person hyrsyz glki malevolent smile
fiercely aldym-berdimli adv fiercely,
persistently aldym-berdimli gre
persistent wrestling
fifth binji fifth
fiftieth ellinji num fiftieth ellinji nomer
number fifty ellinji sahypa page fifty
fifty elli num fifty; ellilik n a fifty Ellilik
maa ber! Give me a fifty (manat note)!
ellilik tee fifty coin ellilik yra fifty
lamp
fig injir n fig injir agajy fig-tree
fight gremek 1 v to fight (for, with,
against), struggle; swemek v to fight;
urudyrmak 1 v to fight Horazlary
urudyrmak in biz ary medanyny
taynladyk. We prepared the cockpit for
the cockfight. Iki dostu arasyna thmet
atyp urudyrdylar. Through libel they
made the two friends quarrel. Poligonda
ary geirilende esgerler aragly
urudylar. During the competition in the
polygon, soldiers fought with weapons
aryda itleri urudyranymyzda Akgu
birinji eri eeledi. When the dogs fought
in the competition, Akgush won first
place. {verbal or physical}; urumak v
to fight, have a battle, squabble
Urumak ite agy. Fighting is only good
for dogs. Men Mhri bilen u wagt
gepleemok, biz urudyk. I don't speak to
Mahri, we squabbled. Rowaatlarda a
gyzyna lenmek in rysarlar aragly z
aralarynda uruardylar. In legends,
knights fought each other with weapons
to marry the princess. Faistik Germania
goy dwletler bilen urudy. Fascist
Germany fought with neighbouring
countries. Trkmeni dbinde gelne ba
salnanda gyzlar gelinler bilen gelne ba
atdyrmajak bolup akalayp uruarlar. In
Turkmen tradition, when a bride is

118
given a scarf to cover her head, girls
fight with women to show that they
don't want that their best friend to
marry. Berdi bilen Dwran umruklayp
urandyklary in mekdebi direktory z
anyna agyrdy. Because Berdi and
Dowran had been caught fighting, the
headmaster called them to his office.
Alaba mjek bilen gara gan bolana
urudy. An Alabay (a Turkmeni dog)
fought with a wolf until it was bleeding.
{verbal or physical}
fighter greiji 1 n fighter (for),
campaigner, activist parahatylyk
ugrunda greiji peace campaigner
figurative gme 3 adj figurative,
metaphorical sz gme manysy
figurative meaning of a word
figure mal 3 [ma:l] n comp. ig mal
comp. mal kesmek ; ekil 2 n figure,
statue
file ige n file (the tool) Ussany iti igesi
bar. The master craftsman has sharp
file.; igelemek 1 [i:gelemek] v to file, to
sharpen Apez pyagyny igeledi. The cook
sharpened his knife.
fill doldurmak 1 v to fill, fill up, fill out;
to fill out, complete (a form) ksni
adan doldurmak to pour a cup of tea
Gazany dolduryp nahar biirdim. I cooked
a full pot of food. bazary harytdan
doldurmak to supply the market agalar
otagyny onawalardan doldurdylar.
Children filled the room with toys.
deklarasia doldurmak to fill out a
customs declaration form Okan hatym
meni regimi atlykdan doldurdy. The
letter I read filled my heart with joy.
Maglumaty grafik bouna doldurdyk. We
filled out information according to the
timetable. anketa doldurmak to complete
a questionnaire; dolmak 1 [do:lmak] v
to be filled, be filled up Howuz suwdan
doldy. A pond was filled with water.
Meni azuw depderim doldy. My
notebook was filled. Stadion adamdan
doldy. The stadium was filled with
people. Ieri tozandan doldy. The house
was filled with dust. irini gzler
adan doldy. The eyes of Shirin were
filled with tears. Asmany zi bulutdan
doldy. The sky was filled with cloud.

119

Indi boldy!
Dolana gusana! Fill her up! Bedreleri
suwdan dolduryp godum. I filled buckets
with water. comp. damagy dolmak
comp. sabyr ks dolmak comp.
regi dolmak
fill up basmak 8 v to fill up with
aalmaan jay iini derrew a
basar. A house not lived in quickly
becomes full of dust say. Ody ze bas,
tmese kesek comp. zne basmak ;
dkmek 2 v fill up, stack up dkanlara
drli haryt dkpdirler. The shops were
filled with different kinds of goods.
Dahanlar bazara drli gk nmleri
dkpdirler. The farmers filled the
market with all sorts of vegetables.
comp. abrayy dkmek ; gabarmak 1
[ga:barmak] v to fill up, to be full Iine
go-golam dykylan torba gabarypdyr. The
bag filled up with household goods.
filled doly2 3 [do:ly] adj filled, replete
Ejemi soraglaryna doly jogap berdim. I
answered all questions of my mother.
film film n film, movie, (motion) picture
rekli film film in colour dedektiw film
detective movie comp. eper film ; kino
[ki'no] cf: eper film. n film, movie,
pictures Men agam gorkun kino grp,
gije atyp bilmedim. I watched a scary
film in the evening and could not sleep
that night. kino grji cinema goer,
cinema fan kino yldyzy film star kino
sungaty cinematographic art kino grmek
to watch a film sesli kino talking picture
{abbr} comp. kinoteatr ; plonka 1
[pa'lonka] n film plonka drmek to
photographask
filter szg 2 n filter; szmek v to filter,
sieve, strain; syzdyrmak2 v to filter,
strain
final-draft aklama [a:klama] n final-draft,
corrected draft
finally ahyrsoy [a:hyrsoy] conjunction
in the end, finally
finance malieledirmek
[ma:lieledirmek] v to finance halk
hojalygyny malieledirmek to finance the
national economy
finance(s) malie [ma:lie] n finance(s)
Malie ministrligi Ministry of Finance

financial maddy 1 cf: sosial. adj

financial, economic, material halky
maddy agday the people's economic
situation maddy kynylyklar financial
difficulties
find salmak 3 cf: salynmak2. v to
arrange, find ie salmak to find someone
a job comp. abradan ayrmak comp.
aldawa salmak comp. bilmezlige salmak
comp. di salmak comp. duzaga salmak
comp. sala salmak comp. tertibe salmak
comp. yzyna it salmak comp. ola
salmak ; tapmak v to find
find job ornamak 1 cf: ornadyrmak. v
to find a job, gain employment Ol demir
olda koegar bolup ie ornady. He
found a job on the railway as a fireman.
find strange tsin galmak (comp. of
tsin) find_strange
find time wagt tapmak (comp. of wagt)
to find time Wagt tapyp, sen u kitaby
oka. Read this book when you find time.
fine allanme adj fine, good Bizi
allanme durmuymyz bar. We have a
good life.; h 1 interj fine, yes, true, all
right, I see; ho 2 interj okay, fine;
jerime [jeri:me] n fine, penalty jerime
salmak to impose a fine (on), to fine
someone jerime tlemek to pay a fine
Kassa gidip, jerime tlrsi! Go to the
(State) bank and pay the fine!; uak 3
adj fine dkandan uak duz tapman iri
duz almaly boldum. I could not find fine
salt in the shop and had to buy big salt.
comp. uak-dek
finger barmak2 1 n finger baam barmak
thumb, big toe sem barmak index
finger orta barmak middle finger
ogulhajat ring finger klem barmak
pinky, little toe Barmagym ykyp tebibi
anyna bardym. My finger was
dislocated so I went to see the folk
healer. {anatomy} comp. On barmagy
hnrli.
finish bolmak 4 v to finish Boldy! That's
all! Indi boldy! Now (at last) it's
finished! Men iip iip boldum. I've had
enough to eat and drink. comp. Boldy!
comp. Boljak! comp. bolmajysy bolmak
comp. Bolar! comp. Indi boldy! ;
gutarmak 1 v to finish, end, complete;
pellehana [pelleha:na] n finish, finish

ot almak
line pellehana birinji bolup gelmek to
finish first {sports}; saplamak2 2
[sa:plamak] v to finish gk ekinleri
saplamak to finish (picking) vegetables;
sarp bolmak (comp. of sarp) to finish,
come to an end; to run low/short, be
spent
finished gutarylmak 1 v to be finished,
be completed, be ended
fire ot2 1 [o:t] n fire ot akmak to light the
fire Otsyz tsse bolmaz. There's no smoke
without a fire. (sem. domains: 3.5.4.2 Saying, proverb.) {fig} comp. ot almak
comp. ot gorsamak ; angyn n fire,
conflagration angyny sndrmek to put
out a fire, extinguish a fire
fire worshipper otparaz fire-worshipper;
Zoroastrian Orta asyrlarda bizi
halkymyzy arasynda otparazlar
bolupdyr. There were fire-worshippers
among our people in the middle ages.
fireman poarnik cf: angyna gary
grean igr. n fireman poarnik
bolup ilemek to work as a fireman
fireplace ojak 1 [o:jak] n fireplace, hearth
ojakda ot akmak to light a fire in the
fireplace [a dug out fireplace inside a
Yurt, or a circular clay construction
outside to put the gazan on to keep it
above the fire]
firewood odun [o:dun] n wood, firewood
odun skladynda in the woodshed l odun
damp wood odun ayrmak to chop/split
wood
firm durgunly cf: durnukly. adj firm,
stable; durnukly 1 cf: durgunly. adj
firm, stable, steady, hard durnukly
waluta hard/stable currency durnukly
sz dzmleri fixed expressions durnukly
adam a stable person durnukly pikire
gelmek to come to a firm conclusion;
firma ['firma] n firm daary urt
firmalary foreign firms; gaym [ga:ym]
adj firm, durable, steadfast, staunch,
stable gaym mata durable stuff, hardwearing fabric gaym fundament stable
foundation z pikiride gaym durmak to
stay firm in your thoughts; krhana
[krha:na] n firm, workplace,
workshop, factory (for light industry),
enterprise senagat krhanasy industrial
works tze krhana new enterprise Bizi

120
krhanamyz smenada iler. Our
workplace has three shifts.; mkm 1
adj firm, strong mkm dostluk firm
friendship elini mkm gysmak to shake
somebody by the hand firmly mkm
saklamak to keep firm pi mkm
damak to tie a rope firm; ykjam 1 adj
firm ykjam saklamak to hold firmly Ol
zatlaryny hemie ykjam saklaar He
always keeps his things firmly.
first bada conjunction first, at first, in the
beginning, at the outset Bada i agyr
bolar. At first work is hard. bada
durmak to be in charge; birbada
[birba:da] adj first, at first Birbada
gorkdum. First I was afraid. Birbada
gapygym itdimik didim. Mayn
birbada ot almady. Birbada daymy
tanamadym.; birinji first Birinji alan
maynymyzy reki akdy. My very first
car was white. Men nahary birinji iip
boldym. Siz daary urtda birinji
gezekmi?; birinjilik n first place,
championship birinjilik in Ylgamak
aryynda men birinjilik gelip baraga
mynasyp boldum. In the running race I
came in first and was found worthy of
the flag.; ilki adv first ilki bilen at first,
firstly; ilkinji 1 adj first, at first Ilkinji
nobatda sogany gowurarys, sora kir
salarys. First of all we fry an onion,
then add carrots.; nowbahar 2
[no:wbahar] adj first Ol meni nowbahar
oglum. He is my firstborn son.; owal cf:
ozal. first, start Owal bada sz bolupdyr.
At first/beginning there were word.;
in [i:n] adj first; before in
pikir etmeli ekeni you ought to have
thought about it before gitmezimden
in men onu bilen grlemeli I must
speak to her before going
firstly birinjiden adv firstly, first of all, in
the first place Birinjiden sapaklary etmeli,
sora onamaly. Firstly you have to
learn your lessons, then you can play.
Birinjiden analizii grmeli, ikinjiden bolsa
gerekli dermanlary azmaly. Birinjiden
saa ynanamok.
fish balyk [ba:lyk] n fish Balyk orbasy i
sji naharlary birisi. Fish soup is one of
the tastiest foods.
fisherman balyky [ba:lyky] n
fisherman Dyn aly gni balykylar

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iki alny arasynda galmak

eegi bilen dera balyk tutmaga
bararlar. At the weekend fishermen go
to the river with nets to catch fish.
fist umruk n fist umruk alamak to fist,
raise one's hand against somebody gyzyl
umruga girimek to get into a fist fight
umrugyy dwmek to clench one's fist
umrugyy grkezmek to threaten
somebody with the fist comp. taak
geln umruk comp. umruk aly
fit gabat gelmek (comp. of gabat) to fit,
coincide, mirror one another; ornamak
2 cf: ornadyrmak. v to fit, to go in
Meni kitaplarym bu kafa ornamaz. My
books will not fit into this bookcase.;
sygdyrmak cf: sygyrmak. v to make
something fit, force something in;
sygmak v to fit; sygyrmak cf:
sygdyrmak. v to fit; taar 2 [taa:r]
adj fit; erlemek 2 v to fit ygnan
garpyzlary hemmesi araba erleer. All
the picked water-melons will fit into the
cart.
fitness taarlyk 2 [taa:rlyk] n fitness
{sports}
fitter montor 2 n fitter montor bolup
ilemek to work as a fitter
fitting layk 1 [la:yk] adj fitting,
appropriate, a good fit layk gelmek to
fit maa layk tikilen penjek an
embroidered jacket that fits me
five b num five Musa pygamber b kitap
azdy. The prophet Moses wrote five
books. [Called the Twrat (Torah).]
comp. b barmagy aly belet ; blik 1
n five, number five (bus, etc.)
fiver blik 3 n five (pound/manat, etc.)
note, a fiver Blik alarsymy? Will you
take a fiver?
fix bejermek 1 v to repair, fix Men radiony
bejerdim. I fixed the radio.; berkitmek 2
v to fix, attach, fasten ekili diwara
berkitmek in, oa urdum. To fix the
portrait to the wall, I banged in a nail.;
dzetmek 2 v to correct, remedy,
rectify, set right, fix Bozuk duran radiony
dzetdim. I fixed the broken radio.
Elektro gurallary dzetmek in ussa
berdim. I gave the electronic instruments
to the technician to repair. Olar suw
pjniligini dzetdiler. They fixed up the
water supply. ; kesmek2 6 v to fix,

establish baha kesmek to fix the price;

takyklamak v to make certain, fix
fix up girizmek 3 [gi:rizmek] v to fix
someone up ie girizmek to get someone
a job comp. teklip girizmek ;
ornadyrmak 1 cf: ornamak. v to fix
up, find ie ornadyrmak to fix someone
up with work, find someone a job {for
someone else}
fixed durnukly 2 cf: durgunly. adj fixed,
established durnukly sz dzmleri a
fixed phrase {grammar}; legli 2 cf:
belgi, nomer, san, sany. adj fixed
legli norma fixed norm legli i haky
fixed wage
fixed route bellenen ugur cf: marrut.
fixed route
fixedly iti-iti (comp. of iti) adv fixedly
iti seretmek to stare at, gaze at, look
fixedly/intently (at) Ol maa iti-iti
seretdi. He sharply stared at me.
fizzy gazly [ga:zly] adj carbonated,
sparkling, aerated gazly suw carbonated
water, fizzy drink, soft drink [anything
from naturally carbonated spring water
to coca cola] {colloq}
flag badak n flag, banner Her urdu
badaklary ze owadan. Each country's
flag is beautiful to them.; tug [tu:g] n
flag, banner
flame ata n flame; alyn 1 n flame
alyny daynda tegelenip oturmak nhili
gyzykly?! How interesting to sit around
the flame?! comp. iki alny arasynda
galmak
flame up kremek [k:remek] v to flame
up, to flare up kmr krp balady the
coals flared up
flap pasyrdamak 1 v to flap, flap wings
gu pasyrdap udy the bird has flown
flapping its wings
flare raketa 2 [ra'keta] n flare agtylyk
raketasy sesli raketa {distress signal}
flare up tutamak to flare up
flash alp n flash alp etmek to flash
yldyrym alp etdi. The lightning
flashed.
flat kwartira n flat, lodging, apartment(s)
iki otagly kwartira two-room flat; takyr
2 adj (desert) flat; asy adj falt, plane
asy daban flat foot; zin [zi:n] adj

uu

122
flat, flatways, prone, face downwards
zin klmak to fall flat zin atmak
to lie face downwards/prone
flatly rt-kesik adv flatly, categorically
rt-kesik boun towlamak to refuse
point-blank, flatly refuse rt-kesik gary
bolmak to be utterly opposed to
something
flatter alynmak v to flatter Ol mugallyma
alynyp, bahasyny okarlandyrjak boldy.
He tried to raise his marks flattering the
teacher.
flatterer aranja n flatterer, sycophant
Onu dayna aranjalar pdir.
Flatterers have surrounded him.
flea market jygyldyk 2 n flea market,
bazaar
flee as refugee bosmak v to flee as a
refugee, to leave en mass
fleet flot n fleet harby-deiz floty the Navy
flotda gulluk etmek to serve in the Navy
howa floty air fleet
flesh et 2 n flesh, muscle, fat Bizi etimiz
ok. We're lean.
flesh and blood si1 n flesh and blood
(i.e. relative); body, organism z sim
my own flesh and blood [from suenk
(bone)]
flexible ee adj flexible, lithe, supple,
pliable, pliant ee ahalar supple
branches ee elli gyz a supple-handed
girl
flight gay n flight, escape; res cf:
uu. n flight {aeroplane}; uu cf:
res. n flight Sankt-Peterburg herine
gu uu okarlykdan seretse rn
owadan. Saint Petersburg is so beautiful
from a bird's eye view. Brgdi uuy
alt we owadan. An eagle's flight is fast
and beautiful. Uar uu zolagyna tarap
srp ugrady. The plane taxied towards
the runway. Agabat sherinden Londona
enli bizi uu wagtymyz alty sagat otuz
minut dowam etdi. Our flight from
Ashgabat to London took six hours and
a half hours.
flint akmak2 n a flint [for making fire]
flip agdarmak 4 [a:gdarmak] v to flip
through kitap sahypalaryny agdarmak
(gzden geirmek) to flip through the
pages of a book

flirt onamak cf: onamak. v to play

around (with), flirt (with) Men onu
bilen aka onadym we iki bir edip
utdym. I played with him a draft and
winned on score two and one.
float akdyrmak 2 v to float Adamlar
agalary suwda akdyrarlar. The men
floated the logs downstream.; zmek 1
v to float Sandyk dera znde zp
rdi. Sunduk was floating in the river.
flock dowar n a flock, (mixed herd of)
sheep and goats dowarlar flock Iri ahly
maldan dowar bakmak asat. It is easier
to graze sheep and goats than horned
cattle.; sri 1 n flock, herd {birds,
animals}
flood gark 2 adv to flood, drown,
overflow gark etmek to flood Sil ekini
gark etdi. The flood drowned the crops.
Dera z kenaryny gark etdi. The river
flooded it's banks. comp. pikir
derasyna gark bolmak ; jogun 1
[jo:gun] n flood, overflow; sil [si:l] n
flood, current
floor pol n floor tagta pol wooden floor pol
demek to lay a floor
flour un [u:n] n flour Bugda undan
biirilen kke-rekler tagamly bolar.
Bread and biscuits that are made from
wheat flour are delicious.
flow akmak1 v to flow, run; gumak 2 v
to flow (into), fall (into) Amydera Aral
dezine guar. The Amu Daria river
flows into the Aral sea.
flower gl 1 n flower gyzyl gl red flower
gl sapagy peduncle gl atagy
receptacle comp. gl zli ; gllemek 1
v to flower, bloom, blossom
flowing akaba 1 [aka:ba] cf:
kanalizasia. adj flowing, running
akaba ap fast flowing stream
fluently erkin 3 adj fluently, freely Ol ilis
dilinde erkin grler. S/he knows
English fluently.
fluff btk n a bit of fluff; cotton wool
pagtany btgi a bit of cotton fluff
btgi a piece of cotton wool Dahanlar
pagtany i soky btgine enli
atyzlardan ygnap aldylar. Peasants
picked up all cotton from the fields even
up to the last pieces of fluff. Bir btk

123

nan
agajy ahasyndan sallanyp durdy. A
piece of cotton wool was hanging down
from the branch of the tree.
flush gyrat [gyra:t] adj on a level (with),
level (with), flush (with) gyrat gomak
to put something on a level with
(something else) Ol oty er bilen gyrat
edip orar. He is good at mowing grass
on a level with the ground.
flustered aljyramak 1 v to be flustered, to
be at a loss, to be thrown into confusion
Kp myhman gelende, ol aljyrady. When
many guests were coming he became
very flustered.
flutter galgatmak 1 [ga:lgatmak] v to
blow, to flutter el badaklary
galgatardy. The banners were fluttering
in the wind. el adyry galgadar. The
tent is being blown by the wind.
fly ybyn [y:byn] n mosquito; gnat,
midge {dial}; siek n fly Tomusda siek
kp bolar. There'll be a lot of flies in
the summer.; umak 1 v to fly Ilkinji
gezek maa uarda umak gorkyly boldy.
My first flight on a plane was scary
experience for me. Akja kepderi ayk
pigeden uup girdi. A white dove flew
in through the open window. Gujagaz
umak islen aly, ganatjyklaryny
kakardy. A little bird was flapping its
wings as if it wanted to fly. comp.
gzden umak comp. kellden
umak
fly-wheel arh 2 n fly-wheel mayny
arhy a car's fly-wheel {tech}
foal keijek foal, small gazelle
foam kpk2 n foam, lather, froth sabyn
kprjikledi we kpkler emele geldi the
soap produced foam and bubbles
fodder im n fodder, forage im bermek to
feed, to give fodder to mallar in im
fodder for animals; imlik adj fodder,
forage imlik arpa barley for fodder; ot1
3 n fodder, feed mallara ot bermek to
give fodder to cattle, feed cattle comp.
ot-elek bolmak
fold agyl 1 [a:gyl] n sheepfold, animal
pen; epin n fold, plait, crease, pleat,
tuck knegi epini gazeti epini epin
tutmak to form a pleat; eplemek v to
fold (single)

folded eplenmek 2 v to be folded eplenip

atmak to twiddle one's thumbs (idiom)
drt eplenen elaglyk a handkerchief
folded into four eplenen kitap a folded
book
folk halk 3 n folk halk dredijiligi folklore
halk adymlary folk songs
follow eermek v to follow, go after
birini yzyna eermek to follow someone
greld eermek to follow one's example
dzgne eermek to follow the rules
Seni yzya eermek kyn. itis difficuklt
to follow you. Gowy etin okuwylara
eermek gerek. It needs to follow to good
students. kanuna eermek to follow a
law greld eermek to get example ;
gollanmak v to follow, be guided (by);
yzarlamak 3 [y:zarlamak] v to follow
grri yzarlamak to follow a
conversation {event, tradition}
follower eeriji n follower
font rift 1 cf: azuw. n font, type-face,
type
food a 1 n food Ay ok oraza tutar. One
who has no food will keep the fast.
comp. a salamak comp. aa dmek ;
azyk [a:zyk] n food, provisions azyk
nmleri processed food bir alyk azyk a
month's worth of provisions; azykowkat [a:zyk-owkat] n food; rek 2
cf: nan. n food z regii gazanmak to
earn one's own food regi bitin eken;
damak 2 n food, meal agly damak
greasy food; ierlik adj food ol in
ierlik zat almak to take food for a
journey; imit n food, meal, fodder
imit bilen pjn etmek to supply food;
nahar n cooked food; meal; dish Her
gn iki wagtyna gyzgyn nahar imeli. One
should eat a hot meal twice a day.; no
[no:] n food no etmek to eat No
bolsun! Bon appetit!, Enjoy your meal!;
tagam 2 n food kakam italian
tagamlaryny gowy grr my father likes
Italian food
foolish akylsyz adj foolish, stupid,
irrational, unreasonable, irresponsible
foolishness akylsyzlyk n foolishness;
samsyklyk n foolishness, folly, stupidity
siz uly samsyklyk etdiiz you have done a
very foolish thing

tormoz
foot aak 2 cf: tormoz. n foot aagyy
drs basmak to walk correctly (lit. and
fig.) aaga galmak to stand on one's own
two feet aak asty bolmak bottom of
foot, under foot comp. aaga dmek
comp. Aagyny bas! comp. aagyy
kesmek comp. aak bagy bolmak comp.
aak ekmek comp. aak diremek comp.
aak gomak comp. aak oluna
ykmak ; daban 2 [da:ban] n foot, inch
Watany her daban eri mukaddesdir.
Every foot/inch of the country is holy.
(sem. domains: 8.2.8 - Measure.); etek 3
n foot dagy eteginde at the foot of a
mountain dagy etegi at the foot of a
mountain comp. bayy etegie salmak
football futbol [fut'bol] n football, soccer
futbol onamak to play football amerikan
futboly American football, (US) football
footballer futboly n footballer, football
player
foothills bayr n foothills, hill(s), knoll,
hillock Bahar paslynda, bayrlary zi
her drli gllerden dolar. In Springtime
the face of the foothills is covered with
all kinds of flowers.
footwear aakgap [aakga:p] n footwear,
shoes
for in 1 [i:n] post for se in for you
Habarlamak in Agabatdaky
telefonymyz: Our phone number in
Ashgabat for information is:
for a long time kpden adj for a long
time, long since Men ony kpden bri
gremok. I haven't seen him for a long
time.
for a month alyk 2 [a:lyk] n for a
month, a month's Ol alty alyk gwreli.
She has been pregnant six months.
for ever mydamalyk [myda:ma:lyk] adj
for ever, for good mydamalyk galmak to
stay somewhere for ever Men bu herde
mydamalyk galaryn. I stay in this city
forever.
for the present hli 2 adv for the time
being, for now, for the present
for the reason that sebpli post because
of, why iden sebpli gij galmak to be
late because of work Nme sebpli?
Why? For what reason?

124
for yourself bir ze (comp. of bir) for
yourself Men berhizliligim sebpli nahary
bir zme in biirdim. Because I was on
a diet I cooked food for just me.
for_the_sake
forage ot-im n forage ot-im bazasy
forage reserve gya ot-im taarlamak
to lay in a supply of fodder for the
winter
forbidden haram 1 [hara:m] cf: halalharam. adj unlawful, forbidden,
unclean (by Islamic Law) haram hawan
unclean animals = animals not allowed
to be eaten e.g. because they were not
killed in the way specified by Islamic
law comp. haram-halal
force bal2 1 [ba:l] n force (of the wind, of
an earthquake etc.) 1948-nji ylda
Agabatda 9 bal er titredi. In 1948 a
force 9 earthquake shook Ashgabat.; bat
2 [ba:t] n force, power Ylgap bararkam,
mden arak it ykyp, bar badymy
aldy. While I was running a howling dog
ran out and took away all my power.
bat bilen urmak to hit hard Buzu
stnde tayp bar bady bilen ykyldy. On
the ice s/he slipped with full force.;
gurbat n force, strength, power Bu ii
etmge onu gurbaty atmaz. He won't
have the strength to do this work.; g
2 n force, effect Tze kanun gjne
girdi. A new law came into force. (sem.
domains: 4.7 - Law.); g 5 n force,
power agyrlyk gji gravity, the force
provided by gravity (sem. domains:
7.2.2.5.1 - Fall.) {physics}; hal1 3 [ha:l]
n force, strength haldan dmek to grow
weak, lose one's strength; zor 1 [zo:r] n
force Ol zor adam. He is a forceful man.;
zorlamak 1 [zo:rlamak] v to force,
compel, make zorlap almak to take
something by force zorlap iletmek to
make somebody work
forced alasyz 1 [ala:syz] adj forced
alasyz agda forced situation; no
choice in the matter; between a rock
and a hard place; resiz adv forced,
willy-nilly, against one's will resiz
agda resiz razy bolmak to agree
willy-nilly; mejbur [mejbu:r] adj
forced, compulsory mejbur bolmak to be
forced to do something, be compelled to

125

garry
do something mejbur etmek to force,
compel; nala [na:la:] adj forced;
reluctant, unwilling, disinclined;
involuntary nala agda the fact of
being compelled Ol eden gnsini nala
boun aldy. He was forced to admit his
guilt.
forceful zor 3 [zo:r] n forceful
forces g 4 n force(s) harby-howa
gleri the air force aragly gler the
armed forces (sem. domains: 4.8.3.6.1 Army.) {military}
ford gzer n ford
forehead alyn 1 [a:lyn] n forehead Seni
edeni z alnya geler. What you do will
come back to you. Alny ayk bolsun!
Blessings be upon you! comp. alnyndan
diremek ; mala 1 n forehead
malayndan ogamak to kiss one's
forehead comp. mala derii samak
comp. malay aylmak comp.
malaydan diremek
foreign et2 1 adj foreign heri eti; et2
3 adj foreign et urt foreign country et
diller foreign languages etine degmek to
cut someone to the quick; daky 2 adj
foreign, external daky gaty disk external
hard drive
forest jeellik n thicket, forest
Jeelikde kp abany hawanlar
aaar. Many wild animals live in the
forest.
forget galdyrmak2 2 [ga:ldyrmak] v to
forget, leave by mistake Men sagadymy
galdyrdym. I've forgotton my watch.
comp. haran galdyrmak comp. tsir
galdyrmak ; unutmak v to forget
Dkandan almaly zatlaryy unutmaz aly
kagyza bell. So you don't forget what
to buy, write a list.; atdan ykarmak
2 (comp. of ykarmak1, at2) to forget;
atdan ykmak (comp. of ykmak,
at2) to forget St almak atdan
ykypdyr. I forgot to buy milk.
forgive bagylamak 2 interj to forgive
Gadyr gijesinde adamlar biri-birini
bagylaarlar. On Gadyr night people
forgive each other. [Gadyr night is a
feast at the end of Ramadan.] comp.
Bagyla! ; tmek 5 cf: tmek. v to

forgive, pardon Gnmi t! I'm sorry!

comp. dnden tmek
forgive me Bagyla! 1 (comp. of
bagylamak) Forgive me! Sorry.
Bagyla! Kitaphana hasy kede
erlerk? Excuse me, I wonder on
which street the library is located?
forgiveness tn n forgiveness tn
soramak to ask forgiveness Men sizden
tn soraaryn. Please forgive me.
forgiving rehimdar [rehimda:r] cf:
rehimli. n soft-hearted, forgiving; the
merciful
fork arak cf: wilka. n fork, hay fork;
drtg n fork Nahary drtg bilen
imeli. The meal must be eaten with a
fork. biiriljek regi zne drtg
urmak to prick bread before baking;
wilka 1 ['wilka] cf: arak. n fork wilka
bilen imek to eat with a fork; wilka 2
['wilka] cf: arak. n plug tepsel wilkasy
two-pin plug
form baglamak [ba:glamak] v to make,
form ertnama bagla to make a treaty,
form an alliance Gurluyk krhanasy
bilen mekdep, tze gurluyk ertnamasyny
bagladylar. The construction firm and
the school made a new agreement about
the new construction project.; blank n
(blank) form Gaz we elektrik yrasyny
blankasyny doldyryp banka tlemge
bardym. I went to the bank to fill out
the forms and pay the gas and electric
bills. Kepilnama blankasyny
kserokopiadan kpeltdim. I made some
photocopies of the guarantee form.;
emele getirmek v to form, make; galyp
1 [ga:ly:p] cf: grn, forma,
standart, li. n form, pattern, mould
kerpi guulan galyp brick-mould comp.
bir galypdan ykan aly ; sowalnama
[sowal'nama] n form, questionnaire,
application sowalnama doldurmak to fill
in a form; ekil 1 n form, shape;
asamak 3 v to form ilikden at asamak
to form a noun from a verb {grammar}
comp. elk asamak
former dnki adj yesterday's, former;
hemie 2 adv before, formerly, former
Sen hemie bu ere gelrdi. You used to
come here formerly.; kne 2 [k:ne] cf:
garry. adj former kne balyk former

kne zaman agtarmak

chairman comp. kne zaman agtarmak
comp. kne-kl ; ki 1 adj former
ki wagtlarda in the old days, in former
times bizi ki mugallymymyz our
former teacher
fort gala [gala:] n fort, castle, (walled)
city, (walled) town Gk-depe galasy the
town of Gok Tepe galada aamak to
live in a town (walled city)
fortieth kyrkynjy adj fortieth kyrkynjy
sahypa page forty kyrkynjy san number
forty
fortunate rysgally adj fortunate; lucky;
happy; successful rysgally adam lucky
person
fortune gurra n fortune-telling, sorcery,
card-reading gurra talamak to tell
fortunes, tell someone's fortunes; pal2
[pa:l] n divination, fortune-telling pal
atmak to tell someone's fortune kart
bilen pal atma card reading el bouna
pal atma palmistry
forty kyrk num forty kyrk aly adam a
forty year old person
found tapylmak v to be found bol(lukda)
tapylmak abound
foundation binat [bina:t] n foundation
binat etmek to build; fundament
[fun'dament] cf: dp, esas. n
foundation; te 1 n foundation
fountain fontan [fon'tan] cf: suw
wdrmy. n fountain nebit fondy
gusher
four ar num four ar tarap all sides [used
in many Proverbs and sayings]; drt
[d:rt] num four iki gz drt bolmak
oh marry (for boys) (lit. two eyes
become four) Durmu tou bilen
gutlaarys, iki gzi drt bolupdyr. We
congratulate you on your wedding
party, your two eyes became four. Drt
aakly hawanlar bizi akyn
dostlarymyzdyr. Four legged animals are
our friends.
fourth drdnji fourth drdnji gn
Thursday, the fourth day
fox tilki n fox
fracture dwmek 5 break, fracture
fractured dwk 2 n fractured, broken
eli dwgi broken hand Eli a-da
aagy dwgini erine salyp gips

126
goarlar. They fix broken hands or legs
and put them in plaster. Dwk-enjigi
tebipler erine salarlar. Folk healers
treat fractures. {medical}
fragile nzik 4 adj fragile, easily
breakable comp. tene nzik ; port2 adj
fragile, frail port aga frail tree
France Fransia n France (sem. domains:
9.7.2.1 - Names of countries.)
frank a-aan 1 [a-aa:n] adj frank,
candid; gnmel adj frank, honest,
open, upright gnmel adam truthful/
upright person gnmel jogap honest
answer gnmel bolmak to be frank/
honest/upright
frankly a-aan 2 [a-aa:n] adv frankly,
candidly, openly a-aan i to do
something openly a-aan atmak to
speak frankly
free azat [aza:t] adj free azat urt free
country azat etmek to free, set free,
release, emancipate azat ediji rescuer,
deliverer, emancipator azat edijilikli
hereket liberation movement; bo sz
(comp. of bo) adj talking rubbish,
empty words, nonsense, a waste of time;
bosh Seni hemme adanlary bo sz.
Everything you have said is a waste of
time. Seni beren wadalarya men indi
ynanamok, olary hemmesi bo sz. I now
don't believe any promises you make,
they are all bosh.; boatmak 1 v to free,
set free; eli bo (comp. of bo) free;
erkin 1 adj free, independent, without
ties erkin adam independent person erkin
bolmak to be free/independent erkin
adam free person erkin bolmak to be free
erkin terjime a free translation; erkli adj
free, independant erkli adam
independant person; mugt adj free,
gratis; free of charge mugt bermek to
give something free of charge mugt
almak to get free; muzdsyz cf: tlegsiz.
adj free of charge, without charge Bizi
urdumyzda okuw muzdsyz. Study is free
of charge in our country.; pulsuz 1 adj
free (of charge), gratuitous pulsuz okuw
free education; tlegsiz cf: muzdsyz.
free, without having to pay; ne2 1
[:ne] adj free, for nothing Ol muny
saa ne berdimi? Did he give it to you
for nothing?

127

holodilnik
freedom azatlyk [aza:tlyk] n freedom;
erkinlik n freedom
freely erkin 2 adj freely zi erkin alyp
barmak to live freely
freeze dodurmak 1 v to freeze suwy
dodurmak make ice Stden resept
bouna dodurma asap doduruja salyp
dodurdyk. We made ice-cream from
milk and put it in the freezer. Et
zaalanmazlyk in doduryja salyp
dodurdyk. We stored the meat in the
freezer so it would not spoil. aagyy
sowuga dodurmak to get frozen feet
Gapyny ap,dodurdy! Close the door,
it's freezing! Daarda garadyryp
dodurdy. We are frozen because you
made us wait outside. bank hasaplaryny
dodurmak to freeze a bank account ;
domak 1 v to freeze, be frozen Dera
doupdyr. The river has frozen over.
French fransuz n French (person) fransuz
dili French language Ol fransuz He/she
is French fransuz aaly Frenchwoman
(sem. domains: 4.1.2 - Types of people.)
Frenchman fransuz n French (person)
fransuz dili French language Ol fransuz
He/she is French fransuz aaly
Frenchwoman (sem. domains: 4.1.2 Types of people.)
fresh gk 2 [gk] n fresh, unripe gk
nmler green vegetables, greens comp.
gk galdy comp. gm-gk ; krpe 2 adj
fresh, young krpe ot fresh grass krpe
sogan green onion; ter adj fresh;
umak 3 adj fresh umak rek fresh
bread {bread}
fret perde 3 n fret dutary perdesi fret of a
dutar baga perdeden gopmak to sing
another tune {stringed instrument};
urunmak 2 v to fret, worry Doganymy
touna to kejebesini tapanak, iki ana
urunandyrys. We were fretting before
finding the wedding kejebe (wooden
cage on the camel) for my brother's
wedding party. Okuw ylyny
gutarmagyna bir hepde galanda,
okuwylar ekzamene taarlanmak in
urundylar. Tze ja alanymda z adyma
resmilediranm urundym.; urunmak 3
v to fret, to be unsettled (inwardly)
Gyzym agam gyzdyranda, tiz kmek
gelan bir howsala dp urunandyryn.

When I called the emergency services

because of my daughter's elevated
temperature, I was panicking.
Friday anna [a:nna] n Friday {literary};
binji gn n Friday; juma 1 [juma:] n
Friday juma gni, anna Friday, on Friday
Soky dwr juma namazyna kp adam
gatnaar. Lately many people go to
Friday prayers.
fridge sowadyjy cf: holodilnik. n
refrigerator {abbr}
fried gowrulmak v to be fried, be roasted,
be grilled
fried eggs hegenek n fried eggs
fried meat gowurma n fried meat {often
done to preserve it if you don't have a
refridgerator}
friend boda 1 n friend, contemporary
u gn boda joralarym bilen adym-saz
konsertine gitjek. Today I'm going to a
music concert with some female friends
of my own age. Boda gyzlar bilen pagta
ygmaga gidarin.; dost 1 [do:st] n
friend, pal, mate Biz dost bolup, kino
gitdik. We three friends went to the
cinema. dost bolmak to be/become
friends Gowy dost bolmak in die
begenjini palaman, kyn gnnde birinji
bilen kmege gelmeli. To be a good friend
you have to help each other out in times
of trouble, not just share in the good
times. Biz z dost urtlarymyza kmek
etmeli. We need to help the nations who
are our friends. Turkmenistany dost hem
goy urtlary Eran, Turkia, Gazahstan,
zbegistan. Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan,
Uzbekistan are friends and
neighbouring countries of
Turkmenistan. Dost, maa kmek etsene!
Friend, please help me! dost urtlar
friendly countries Dost dostu anasy.
(nakyl) A friend is indeed. (Proverb)
[used by a boy or man of his male
friend]; halypa 2 [haly:pa] n friend
(address); olda 1 n friend, companion
olda bolmak to be friends (with) an
olda marriage partner
friendly agzybir [agzybi:r] adj friendly;
united, harmonious; dostlukly
[do:stlukly] adj friendly, amicable
dostlukly gatnayklar friendly relations
Mekdebi elli yllygyna bagylanyp

rkmek
geirilen duuyyk dostlukly agdada
gedi. The meeting to celebrate the
fiftieth anniversary of the school was
amicable. Turkmenistan hli urtlar bilen
dostlukly hyzmatdalyk saklaar.
Turkmenistan enjoys friendly
cooperation with all countries.;
dostparaz [do:stparaz] adj friendly,
amicable
friendship agzybirlik 1 [agzybi:rlik] n
friendship, harmony; dostluk [do:stluk]
n friendship, friendly terms, friendly
relations dostluk amak make friends
(with) Daary urt bilen dostluk amak
in doly ygtyarly wekil ugratdylar. They
gave full council authority to initiate
friendship with a foreign country.
halklary dostlugy friendship of nations
dostluk salamy greetings of friendship
dostluk sapary friendship visit Prezident
dostluk sapary bilen Gazagistana gitdi.
The President made a friendship visit to
Kazahkstan.; howandarlyk 2
[howanda:rlyk] n kinship, family
relations
frighten hopukmak v to frighten, scare,
startle; rkzmek cf: rkmek. v to
frighten, to scare It gounlary rkzdi. A
dog scared the sheep.
fringe seek n fringe (on material,
carpets)
frog gurbaga [gurba:ga] n frog
from bri 1 post from, since Ol edi a bri
Trkmenistanda aaar eken. He has
been living in Turkmenistan for 7
months. comp. bri bakmak
from Ashgabat agabatly adj from
Ashgabat
from beginning turuwbadan from the
beginning
from behind *yzanyndan from behind
from head to foot badan-aak1 adj from
head to foot, from (the) beginning to
(the) end, top to bottom i badan-aak
arassalamak to tidy the house from top
to bottom eper filmi kp blm bolsa-da,
badan-aaga enli seretdim. I watched
the film from beginning to end despite
its many parts.
from large to small uludan-ki (comp.
of uly) from high to low, from old to

128
young Biz sport trgenleiginde uludanki boly-bouna durduk. In sport
training we stood in order of height
from young to old. Ertekileri die aga
dl-de, uludan-ki bar adam sr.
Fairy tales are not just loved by
children, but by young and old.
from the beginning badan adj from the
very beginning, from the very outset
say. Aaly badan, agany adan
from then ondan cf: onda, ol. from
then
from this mundan Pronoun from bu
mundan belek from now on, from this
point forward
from this or that person ondan-mundan
1 Pronoun from someone ondan-mundan
rek ibermek send someone with some
bread
from this point on buana [bua:na] adv
from this point on, from here Mundan
buana menden birugsat hi erik ykmaly
dl. undan buana men ilim ekmmi
godym. Buana awtoulaglara srmek
gadagan. Vehicles are forbidden from
this point on. {time and direction}
front 1 front, before, next, forward,
following, straight ahead jay i the
front of a house nde in front of
tarapy front mekdebi nde in front of
the school Gzni nde ene-atasyny
paraladylar. They hacked up his
parents before his eyes. e hereket
etmek to move forward e seretmek to
look (straight) ahead mizdki
hepdede following week, next week
comp. eten comp. ni almak
comp. ni souny pikir edip
geplemek ; z2 4 post front, right side
matany zi the right side of the
material comp. ayk zli comp. agyr
zli comp. ilime z urmak comp. z
dndermek comp. z saraltmak comp.
z solgun comp. z tutmak comp. z
urmak comp. z-gz comp. zbe-z
comp. zi tzelenmek comp. zne
gara srtmek comp. zni uwmak
frost aaz n frost
frosty azak adj frosty azak howa frosty
weather azakly el biting wind

129

Onu gahary soky nokada etdi.

frozen do adj frozen do suw ice do et
frozen meat douny zmek to thaw the
frozen Doduryjydan eti ykaryp
doundan zmek in daynda goduk.
We took the meat from the freezer and
put it outside to thaw. eri doy
zlmese ekie balap bolmaz. It is not
possible to start sowing until the ground
thaws. comp. do rek comp. douny
zmek
fruit ir-imi [i:r-imi] n fruit ir-imi
mrepbesi fruit jam; imi n fruit gk
imiler green fruit imi getirmek to
yield/bear fruit; miwe n fruit miwe
getirmek to bear fruit Bu armyt
garrapdyr, indi miwe getirmer. This
pear tree has got old, it doesn't bear
fruit any more. Kp yllyk zhmeti
miwesi. The fruit of much labour.
fruitful bereketli bolmak v to be fruitful,
be abundant erden aljak hasyly
bereketli bolar aly, bilii berk guap
ilemeli. In order to gain a blessed
harvest, you need to gird up your loins
and work hard. Hasyl toda saaklary
sti bereketli boldy. At the harvest
festival the table-cloths were blessed.
[i.e. it was full of produce]; miweli
[mi:weli] adj fruit-bearing, fruitful
miweli aga fruit-bearing tree miweli bag
fruit orchard
fry gowurmak v to fry
frying pan sa2 [sa:] n frying pan
fuel angy cf: benzin. n fuel Bu mayn
angysyz iler. This machine works
without fuel. {oil, petrol}
fugitive gaak n runaway, fugitive;
gagak 1 n fugitive, runaway gagak
adam a fugitive gagak mal runaway
animal comp. gagak haryt
fulfil amal etmek (comp. of amal) to
fulfil, to complete, to accomplish;
amala ayrmak (comp. of amal) to
fulfil, to complete, to accomplish;
berja etmek [berja: etmek] v fulfil,
obey, observe, carry out kanuny berja
etmek to observe the law dzgni berja
etmek to keep to the regulations
Burulan ii berja edip erine etirmek.
To fulfil and carry out the work that has
been ordered. Gullukdan gelen igitler
watan ndki borjuny berja etdiler.

The young men coming back from army

service carried out their duty to their
country.; doldurmak 2 v to carry out,
fulfil, reach plany doldurmak to carry
out the plan; haklamak 2 v fulfil, carry
out, undertake
fulfilled bitmek 1 v be fulfilled, be
carried out Meni hayym bitdi. My
request was fulfilled. comp. aak bit
comp. dil bitmek comp. dieni bitmek
full dok adj full, satisfied, sated (of food)
Men dok. I've had enough. dok dne full
wheat Hasyly gowy almak in dok
bugda ekmeli. In order to get a good
harvest one needs to sow enough wheat.
Mallara imini, suwuny berdim, olar dok.
I gave forage and water to the herds,
they are full. Gundagdaky aga dok
bolsa, hi eri agyrmasa atar. A
newborn baby sleeps if it is full and free
from pain. Men nahar ijek dl, men dok.
I am not going to have a meal, I am
full.; doly2 1 [do:ly] adj full, filled,
stuffed Awtobus adamdan doly. The bus
is full of people. doly bolmak to be full
bedre suwdan doly the bucket is full of
water nek adan doly. The teapot is
full of tea. u gn miz myhmandan
doly. Our home is full of guests today.
Saagy sti imitden doly. {inanimate};
kmil 2 [kmi:l] adj full, finished,
strong
full stop nokat 1 n full stop, end oturly
nokat semicolon goa nokat colon Ol
grrine ahyry nokat gody. He finally
brought an end to the discussion. nokat
gomak to put a full stop; to finish,
come to an end iki nokat, goa nokat
colon {grammar} comp. nokatma-nokat
comp. Onu gahary soky nokada etdi.
fullness kmillik [kmi:llik] n fullness,
completion, maturity, perfection
kmillik ay maturity kmillik ayna
etmek to come of age, to reach one's
maturity Bizi urdumyzda kmillik
ayna etmedik agalara ilemek
gadagan. In our country immature
children are not allowed to work.
fund fond n fund waluta fondy currency
reserve/fund dwlet fondy state fund
muze fondy fund of museum sz fond

gazaba mnmek

130

corpus {linguistics}; maa2 [ma:a] n

fund, supply, stock, reserve maa
gomak to put by; to invest capital maa
goma capital investment
fundamental dpli 1 adj fundamental,
profound, root mesel dpli emelemek
to tackle the root problem Dogry jogap
almak in meselni dpli wrenmeli. To
get the correct answer requires an
understanding of the fundamentals.
dpli remont edilmeli traktor the tractor
needs basic repairs Turkmenistanda
dpli zgeriikler geirilr. There are
fundamental changes going on in
Turkmenistan. Otagymyzda dpli
abatlay ileri geirildi. The main repair
works were done in our room. Otagdaky
golary eri dpli tgedilipdir. All
the furniture in the room has been
changed.
fundamentally dpgter adv
fundamentally, quite
funeral prayer jynaza [jyna:za] n last
rites, prayer read before (Muslim)
funeral lini jalamaga kitmezden ,
trkmenlerde jynaza okalar. Prayer is
read by Turkmen before they take the
deceased to be buried.
funnel gugu n funnel gugu bilen
gumak to pour through a funnel; turba
3 n funnel

funny glkli adj funny, ridiculous,

laughable glkli hekaa funny story;
glkn adj funny
furious gazaply 1 adj furious, fierce,
viscious gazaply hjm fierce attack
gazaply bolmak to be furious gazaply el
viscious wind
furniture mebel ['mebel] n furniture
mebel dkany furniture shop mebelli
furnished, with furniture mebelsiz
unfurnished, without furniture
furrow joa [jo:a] n bed, row, furrow,
groove (of a crop) joa ekmek to furrow
hyary joalap ekmek to plant
cucumbers in furrows
further ilerlemek v to further, advance
fury gazap n fury, rage, anger gazap bilen
with rage, in a rage gazaba mnmek to
become furious, to fly into a rage comp.
gazaba mnmek
fuss jenjel 2 n fuss, a lot of noise, scandal
jenjel turuzmak to make a fuss
FUT -ar FUT
future geljek 1 cf: perspektiwa. adj
future geljek wagtda in the future
future tense geljek 3 cf: perspektiwa.
adj future_tense geljek zaman future
tense {grammar}

Gg

gaiety horramlyk n gaiety, cheerfulness,

joviality, liveliness, merriment; meslik
1 n gaiety, merriment
gain gazanmak 4 v to gain/get tejribe
gazanmak to gain experience
gait ri 1 [ri:] n gait, step alt ri
quick gait
gallop apmak2 1 v to gallop, set off at a
gallop at apmak
gallows dar 2 [da:r] n gallows dardan
asmak to hang someone from the
gallows

galoshes galo [ga'lo] n galoshes,

overshoes, rubbers
game aw [a:w] n game, prey aw awlamak
to hunt, go hunting aw bolmak to get
hurt Aw ganly bolmak To be successful
(in the hunt) Aw ganly bol-a? Did you
kill any game? Aw ganly bola! Have a
good hunt! [for the hunter to become
the hunted!]; dw1 n game, match, set
bir dw kt onamak to play one set
Birinji dw deme-de tamamlandy. The
first game finished all square. comp.

131

agzyy ygmak
dw srmek ; oun 1 n (sports) game
gyzykly oun good game howply oun
dangerous game Ouny ikinji
arymynda Agabat has gowy onady. In
the second half of the game Ashgabat
played extremely well. comp. bayna
oun getirmek
gape agza akarmak (comp. of agyz) to
gape; akarmak v to gape (at)
Gara gara 3 adj "Gara" - a male person's
name comp. gara altyn comp. gara bagt
comp. gara bur comp. gara gn comp.
gara hat comp. gara i comp. gara
say. garasy itmek
garage gara [ga'ra] n garage; ussahana
2 [ussaha:na] n garage, mechanic's
yard, auto repair shop Mayny tigirini
eli ykyp mayn ussahanasyna zordan
adym. The tyre was flat, so I barely
reached the garage.
garbage hapa 2 n dross, garbage, refuse
garden bag1 1 [ba:g] n garden az
paslynda miweli baglar, ak gllere batyp
otyrlar. In the spring fruit trees produce
white flowers. botanika bagy botanical
garden comp. agalar bagy ; bakja n
melon garden, plantation Bakjadaky
ekinleri wagtly-wagtynda suwarmaly.
Things planted in a melon garden need
watering regularly. Bakjada her-hili gk
nmler sr. In a plantation all kinds
of plants grow. [especially for (water)melon and gourds] comp. agalar
bakjasy
gardened howly 2 n house with a garden,
courtyard or yard {colloq}
gardener bagban [ba:gba:n] n gardener
Bagbany ii, baglara seretmek,
suwarmak, aklamak we dp erini
umatmak. A gardener's work is to
watch the garden, water it, tidy it, and
soften hard ground. Baglary bagbandan
gowy tanaan ok. No one knows
gardens like a gardener.
garlic sarymsak n garlic
gas benzin 2 [ben'zi:n] cf: angy. n gas,
fuel {Amer}; gaz2 1 n gas tebigy gazy
natural gas awuly gaz poison gas magdan
gazy ore gas
gate derweze 1 n gate howlyny derwezesi
the courtyard gate, garden gate

gather jemlemek 1 cf: komplekt. v to

gather; concentrate, focus nsi bir zada
jemlemek to focus one's attention (on,
upon); toplamak v to gather (things)
together; toplanmak v to gather,
assemble; rmek 1 v to gather,
collect, assemble adamlary rmek to
gather the people; ygmak 1 v to
gather, harvest ygymylar pagtany
ygdylar. The gatherers gathered cotton.
comp. agzyy ygmak ; ygnamak 1 v
to gather, collect, pick oat hasyl
ygnamak to gather in a good harvest
goun ygnamak to assemble/muster
troops maglumat ygnamak to collect
information pota markalary ygnamak
to collect postage stamps; ygnanmak v
to gather, assemble Biz ertir ygnanarys.
We shall meet tomorrow.;
ygnanymak v to gather, meet Biz
pikir alymaga ygnanydyk. We gathered
to exchange ideas. hli olbaylar
ygnanyyp balapdyrlar. All the leaders
began meeting together.
gathering mele 1 n gathering, a
small group; ygnanyyk [ygnanyyk]
n gathering, collection, crowd, meeting
Men okuwa girendigim sebpli de
ygnanyyk gurnadym. I called a meeting
in my house in reason of entering
university.
gauze hasa3 n gauze
gazelle jeren n gazelle, small antelope
Bizi Bathyz zapowednigimizde owadan
jerenleri grmek bolar. Many beautiful
gazelles can be seen in our Bathyz
reserve.; keik 1 n gazelle, antelope
keikler i alt ylgaan ot iijiler.
antelopes are the fastest grass-eaters;
maral 1 n gazelle, mountain gazelle Biz
jlgede bir sri maral grdk. We saw
many gazelle in the valley.
gecko as [a:s] n gecko
GEN -y 1 suffix GEN
gender jyns 1 n gender, sex
genealogy ejere n genealogy
general esasy 2 [esa:sy] adj general esasy
baza general baze esasy go the main
baggage; general [gene'ral] n general
goun generaly General of the Army

arkasyndan grrini etmek

generally aslynda adj in general,
generally, on the whole Ol aslynda gowy
adam. He is a good guy/good person.;
esasan [esa:sa:n] conjunction generally,
usually Adanyyz, esasan dogry.
generally it is right what you say.; esasy
3 [esa:sy] adj generally, on the whole;
garaz conjunction on the whole,
generally, in general; umuman 1
[umu:man] adv in general, generally
speaking Umuman, men piiklerden itleri
has gowy grrin. In general I like dogs
much more than cats. Umuman men
tikinilik ii edesim gelenok, meni krim
baga ugurdan. Generally speaking, I
don't want to do sewing, that is not my
profession. Umuman men zmi aramaz
duaryn. I just feel sick.
generation arka 5 n generation edi
arkay tanamak to know seven
generations [of ancestors] comp.
arkasyndan grrini etmek ; dwr 2
n generation Hzirki dwrde
aragatnayk rn giedi. During our time
relationships have become very broad.
Biz tze dwre gadam basdyk. We
stepped into a new era. u dwr
kompterledirilen dwr. This
generation is a computerised
generation. comp. atam dwri ; nesil 2
n generation tze nesil new generation
a nesil young generation nesilden-nesle
geirmek to transfer from generation to
generation Bu dbi nesiller uzak yllar
boy unutmandyr. It turns out that over
long years this tradition was not
forgotten.; pyt n generation edi
pydyna enli bilmek to know one's
ancestors up to the seventh generation
{colloq}
generosity jomartlyk [jo:ma:rtlyk] n
generosity, lavishness jomartlyk etmek to
display generosity; sahawat [saha:wat]
n generosity, liberality, lavishness
generous eli ayk (comp. of el) generous
Atamy eli ayk, kim nme sorasa berr.
My grandfather is generous, he gives
everything.; jomart [jo:ma:rt] adj
generous, liberal jomart adam generous
person Bizi egenimiz jomart adam, her
gezek gezmge gelende, bize kp sowgat
getirr. Our nephew is a generous
person, every time he visits us he brings

132
many gifts.; sahawatly [saha:watly] adj
generous, liberal, lavish, extravagant
sahawatly adam lavish/extravagant
person; sahy [sahy:] adj generous,
lavish, extravagant, liberal sahy adam
extravagant person
genie jyn n genie , devil [an intelligent
being lower than the angels, able to
appear in human and animal forms, and
having power over people] comp. jyny
atlanmak comp. Ony meni jynym
alanok. comp. Saa nme jyn urdy?
gentle gowak 6 adj gentle, gently;
umak 4 adj gentle, kind umak
reklilik soft-heartedness
geographical geografik adj geographical
geografik karta geographical map
geography geografia n geography fiziki
geografia physical geography ykdysady
geografia economical geography
Georgia Grjistan [G:rjista:n] n Georgia
(sem. domains: 9.7.2.1 - Names of
countries.)
Georgian gruzin 1 n a Georgian; gruzin 2
adj Georgian gruzin aaly Georgian
gruzin dili Georgian, the Georgian
language (sem. domains: 4.1.2 - Types
of people.); grji 1 n a Georgian
(person); grji 2 adj Georgian okarda
Gruzin diip bar. Do we need both? men
grji I am a Georgian grji dili the
Georgian language (sem. domains: 4.1.2
- Types of people.) {colloq}
GER -ip GER; -yp GER
German nemes ['nemes] n German nemes
aaly German woman nemes dili the
German language nemese geplemek to
speak German (sem. domains: 3.5.3 Language.)
Germany Germania n Germany (sem.
domains: 9.7.2.1 - Names of countries.)
get dmek2 13 cf: dnmek. v fall, get,
receive comp. abradan dmek comp.
aa dmek comp. aagy dmek comp.
ara dmek comp. bay dmek comp.
ke dmek comp. ele dmek comp.
gorka dmek comp. haldan dmek
comp. howsala dmek comp. jayna
dmek comp. kne dmek comp.
kjesine dmek comp. ruhdan dmek
comp. salkyn dmek comp. surata

133

adatmak
dmek comp. tapdan dmek comp.
stnden dmek1 comp. yka dmek
comp. ada dmek comp. ola dmek
comp. rege dmek ; edinmek 1 v to
acquire, obtain, buy, get Men zme tze
komputer edindim. I got a new
computer for myself. gelin edinmek to
get a bride magala bolup nahar edinmek
to have a meal with family comp.
maksat edinmek
get a puncture arylmak 5 [a:rylmak] v
to be punctured, to get a puncture
comp. arylajak bolmak
get angry gahary gelmek (comp. of
gelmek) v to get angry; gyzarmak 4 v
to be/get angry erliksiz gyzarmak to be/
get angry for nothing
get better bri bakmak (comp. of bri)
to get better [after an illness]
get broken azmak3 2 [a:zmak] cf:
azdyrmak1, bahar. v to get broken,
get fractured Onu ourgasy azypdyr.
He has got a fractured spine.
get burnt kmek 1 cf: kdrmek. v to
get burnt, to burn, burn out et kpdir
the meat got burnt
get confused garjamak 2 [ga:rjamak] v
to get confused, get muddled Meni
pikirlerim garjady. I lost my train of
thought.
get depressed kepi gamak (comp. of
gamak) v to be in low spirits, get
depressed, be unsettled Sglimi
duuyga gelmndigi in kepim gady. I
was depressed because my girlfriend did
not come to my meeting.
get dirty bulanmak 2 v to get dirty, make
oneself dirty, be in a filthy state
Joramy hseti gowy dl, z adany
bolmasa bulanyp ugraar. My (girl)
friend's character isn't good, if you don't
tell her she goes around looking dirty.
Kp agalar irden agalar bagyna bulanyp
gidrler. Many children go to nursery
in a filthy state. Ertirden bri bulanyp
oreni sebbi eper filimi
gberilmedigimi?; bulamak 3 v to get
dirty, make oneself dirty, be dirty
get frightened gany gamak 2 (comp. of
gamak, gan) to be white with fear, get
frightened

get hard kynlamak [ky:nlamak] cf:

kynalmak. v to become difficult/hard/
complicated (gradually) bu mesele gngnden kynlaar. This problem is
becoming increasingly difficult daily.
get into fuss baaga adj to get into a
fuss de baaga bolup, aary alman
gadypdyryn. I got in such a fuss I left
home without my keys.
get into habit endik etmek (comp. of
endik) to get into the habit
get jaundiced sary getirmek (comp. of
getirmek) to get jaundiced
get lit akdyrmak v to get someone to
light Men montor agyryp, yralarymyzy
akdyrdym. I called electrician and got
him to light.
get lost Bar, iie git! (comp. of
barmak1) Mind your own business! Get
lost!
get married erlemek 8 v to get married
{f}
get mixed up alyrmak 3 v to get mixed
up, get confused Sen meni doganym bilen
alyrma. Don't get me mixed up with
my brother.
get prepared hzirlenmek 1 v to get
prepared, get ready
get rid of saplanmak 3 [sa:planmak] v to
get rid (of), rid oneself (of) aramaz
endiklerden saplanmak to get rid of the
bad habits, get out of the bad habits
get someone to lay azdyrmak3 v get
someone to lay, get someone to spread
out Ejesi gyzyna saagy azdyrdy. Mother
made her daughter lay the table. [and
lay (e.g. the table cloth)]
get splinter batmak 3 cf: badyna. v to
get a splinter Elime tiken batdy. I got a
splinter in my hand.
get stronger bekemek 2 cf: berkemek. v
to get stronger, improve a sporty
kem-kemden beker. Young sportsmen
gradually get stronger.
get tangled bulamak 4 v to get tangled
get thirsty suwsamak v to get thirsty
get tired adamak cf: adatmak. v to be
tired, get tired Men kp ilp adadym.
I've worked hard and got tired. rp

bir den rmek

adamak to get tired of walking garayp
adamak to get tired of waiting
get up rmek1 4 [:rmek] v to get up
(after sleep, more than one person) Sagaman rdizmi? Good morning! comp.
bir den rmek ; rmek2 cf: rmek.
v to get up; rmek [:rmek] cf:
rmek2. v to get up (as a family);
turmak 2 cf: durmak. v get up; wake
up Turu! It's time to get up! comp.
gwnden turmak
get up and leave rmek1 3 [:rmek] v to
get up to go (after meeting, more than
one person) Adamlar rp baladylar.
People began to go home. comp. bir
den rmek
get used to wrenimek 1 cf:
wrenidirmek. v to get used to, get
accustomed to ie wrenimek to get
used to the work adamlara wrenimek
to get accustomed to the people Sen yssa
wrenidimi? Have you got used to the
heat?
get warm ylamak v to get warm,
become warm Howa ylady. The
weather became warm.
get working iletmek 1 [i:letmek] v to
get sth. working, get sth. done, have sth.
worked out, to make someone work gijegndiz iletmek to make someone/sth.
work day and night
get worse ara zlmek 1 (comp. of
gara, zlmek) to get worse (about a
patient)
get_ angry imek 3 [i:mek] v to get
angry
get_better sagdynlamak cf:
sagdynladyrmak. v to get better
ghost arwah n ghost, dead spirit; arwahjyn n ghost; ruh1 2 [ru:h] n ghost, spirit
len adamy ruhy a dead person's spirit
Meni gzme bir ruh grndi. A ghost
appeared before my eyes. comp. ruhdan
dmek
giant dw2 1 n giant, ogre, demon,
monster, titan Gadym zaman bir dw bar
ekeni. Once upon a time there was a
giant. Ounda men dwi rolyny
onadym. I played the role of a giant on
the stage. dw aly huge, enormous Dw
aly pet adamy grdm. I saw a huge

134
giant of a man. Meni doganym ilnde
dw aly iler, adanynam bilenok. My
brother works like a titan but he is not
tired. comp. dw almak ; pilmahmyt n
giant
gift halat2 2 n present, gift; serpa
[serpa:] n gift, present; ukyp [uky:p] n
gift, talent, aptitude, ability Sende ukyp
bar. You have a real gift. Trkmen-trk
mekdebine girmek in seni ukybyy
barlaarlar. They will test your aptitude
for entering Turkmen-Turk school.
Sende sporta ukyp bar, ne sen
altaylyk edip trgenleeok. You have
no aptitude for sport, because you are
lazy and don't train. Nurmyratda saza
bolan ukyp bar, ol edi ayndaka
Sazylyk mekdebinde bsleikde birinji
orny eeledi. Nurmyrat has a musical
talent; he came first in the musical
school competition for seven years olds.
{finances} comp. ilaty satyn alyjylyk
ukyby ; zehin [zehi:n] n gift, talent
Hudaa kr, meni agalaryma Huda
zehin beripdir. Praise God, my children
have got talent from God.
gifted ukyply [uky:ply] adj gifted,
talented Bilbil adym-saza ukyply bolup,
medeniet institutyna okuwa girdi. Bilbil
has a musical talent, so she entered an
institute of art and culture. Dwran
Huda tarapdan ukyply oglan. Dowran is
gifted by God. Dwlet kiilikden kp kitap
okap oglan ukyply bolup etidi. Dowlet
read many books as a child and became
a talented boy. ary z ukyplylygy bilen
hem-de kp sazlary stnde ilp, adym
adyp at gazanan bagy boldy. Chary was
a gifted man and worked on many
melodies, sung songs, and became a
well-known singer. {inherent,
acquired}; zehinli [zehi:nli] adj gifted,
talented zehinli azyjy gifted writer
Zehinli agalar hemme zatda zehinli.
Talented children are talented in
everything.
giggle hikirdemek v to giggle, to titter, to
snigger
gimlet buraw n gimlet, auger, drill,
something that makes perforations Ejem
nebit gaz buraw ekspedisiasynda apez
bolup iledi. My mother worked as a
cook for the expedition to drill for gas.

135

bir ele garamak

Beik dep mnse ldki buraw
wykasy grnar.
gingach gya [gy:a] n gingach, big
headscarf [headscarf worn by married
Turkmen women]
gird guamak v to gird gowak guamak to
girdle weak, bind the belt weak bilii
guamak to girdle, put a belt on one's
waist
girl gyz 1 [gy:z] n girl gyz gzelligi girl's
beauty comp. gelin-gyz comp. gyz-oglan
; magala 2 n girl oat magala good
girl
girlfriend jora [jo:ra] n girlfriend Onu
jorasy mehur adymy. Her girlfriend is
a well-known singer. [used by a girl or
woman of a female friend]
give atarmak v to give, do nahar atarmak
to put the food on to heat up; bermek 1
v to give Jigime alma berdim. I gave an
apple to my younger sibling. Ukuda
atan adama azar bermek gowy dl. You
shouldn't give problems to (i.e. disturb)
a sleeping person. kmek ber to help
salam bermek to greet; emlemek 1 v to
give sygra ot emlemek to give a cow
grass; gomparmak v to give oneself
airs, get a swollen head; gowurmak v
to give, hand over, deliver, present
sylagy gowurmak to hand over a present
salam gowurmak to send one's regards
haty gowurmak to deliver a letter comp.
gol gowurmak ; kesmek2 5 v to give
ona b yl kesdiler he was sentenced to
five years in prison; klemek 3 v to
give, make shoulder, burden hli ii tze
mugallyma klediler. They made the
new teacher carry the whole work
comp. gn klemek comp. stne
klemek
give a false impression of worth
elmemek 3 v to give a false
impression of something's worth gymmat
elmemek to sell at an inflated price
give advice wretmek 2 [:wretmek] v to
instigate, incite Kim saa gep wredr?
Who taught you to speak like that?;
changed from Who incites you to speak
so? comp. Bu gnki sere dnki sere
jik-jik wreder.
give consent razylyk bildirmek (comp.
of razylyk) to give one's consent, show

satisfaction, agree n razylyk bildirmek

to disagree, show dissatisfaction Ol bu
teklibe zni razylygyny bildirdi. He
made known that he agreed with this
suggestion. Ol bu ie zni razylygyny
bildirdi. He made known that he was
happy with this job.
give drink iirmek v to give someone a
drink suw iirmek to give somebody a
drink of water
give out jomak 4 [jo:mak] v to give
something to somebody, fork out
(colloq) b manat jomak to give
somebody five manats, fork out five
manats; samak v to give out, spread
sayp durmak shine agty samak to
shine gn nuruny sayp dur the sun is
shining brightly comp. der samak
comp. dr samak
give ride uurmak 4 v to let someone
have a ride agalary seil bagy
atraksionynda uurmak in pul tledim. I
have paid for a ride in the park for
children. comp. baydan huuny
uurmak comp. sz uurmak
give time wagt bermek (comp. of wagt)
to give time Sen maa naharlanmaga
wagt ber. Give me a time to eat.
give up gomak 3 v to give up, stop
Grriizi gou! Stop talking! ilim
ekmegi gomak to give up smoking
comp. at gomak comp. gadam gomak
; zymak 3 v to give up Men ahyrsoy
ilimi zydym. At last I gave up smoking.
comp. telpegii gge zymak
giver beriji n giver, the one giving, donor
Gan beriji adamlar, syrkawa kmek
edrler. Blood donors help the sick.
giving pleasure mazaly 1 [maza:ly] adv
giving pleasure, something which gives
pleasure
glad at [a:t] adj glad; atlanmak
[a:tlanmak] v to be glad, be happy,
joyful
glance garamak2 1 v to look, glance;
watch Ol gyz maa glp garady. she
looked at me smiling da-tweregie
garamak look sides comp. bir ele
garamak
gland mz n gland garyn asty mzler
pancreas tklik mzleri salivary gland

nireden wsnine der aly dl.

galkan ekilli mzler thyroid gland
{anatomy}
glass ana [a:na] n glass dwlmen
ana unbreakable glass jay anasy the
windows of a house {colloq}; stakan
[sta'kan] n glass
glasses nek n glasses, pair of spectacles
nek dakynmak to wear glasses
glaze analamak [a:nalamak] v to glaze
pigeleri analamak to glaze the
window-panes
gleam wsmek 2 v to be iridescent,
gleam with varying colours ayl-gyzyl
wsmek to gleam green, then red gk
wsmek to turn green comp. nireden
wsnine der aly dl.
gloomy salyk adv gloomy comp. zi
salyk
glorified hratlanmak [hra:tlanmak]
v to become famous, be renowned, be
glorified
glorify dabaralamak 1 v to glorify, crown
with glory, win fame (for);
hratlandyrmak [hra:tlandyrmak] v
to glorify, bring glory to, bring fame to,
make famous
glorious anly [a:nly] adj glorious
glory an-hrat n glory; hrat 1
[hra:t] adj glory, fame, renown
glove ellik n glove
glue kle cf: elim. n glue klei agadan
alarlar glue is extracted from a tree;
elim cf: kle. glue, paste Gadym
dwrde elime derek epbik ulanylypdyr.
In ancient times the juice of trees was
used instead of glue.
glutton almawuz n glutton Ol ele bir
almawuz, nme berse ir. He is such
a glutton, eat everything you give.
gluttonous iermen adj gluttonous,
voracious iermen kz gluttonous bull
go barmak1 1 v to go, to head in the
direction (of) Nir bararsy? Where are
you heading? dkana baryp gatmak in
biraz wagt gerek. You need a bit of time
to go to the shop and back. Geen hepde
men di lukmany anyna bardym. Last
week I went to the dentist's. comp. Bar,
iie git! say. agyrylmadyk erie
barma, agyrlan eriden galma ;

136
gitmek v to go, leave Men gideinmi?
Can I go? gidip gelmek to pop in (on
someone), visit Men Agabada gidip
gelerin. I'm going to visit Ashgabat. any
bilen gitmek to accompany someone alyp
gitmek to take, take something with one
den gitmek to lead, to go in front
comp. gaty gitmek
go away it interj go away, disappear, get
lost it, owarra bol! Get lost!
go flat boamak 3 v to go flat Mayny
tigri boapdyr. The car tyre went flat.
go hard berkemek cf: bekemek. v to go
hard Topraga wagtly-wagtynda dkn
dkp suwarmasa er berker. If you
don't add manure and water the land
every now and then it goes hard.
go into drmek 3 v go into, enter into,
be part of surata drmek to be part of
a photo shoot, have one's photo taken
u gnki swdamy dewndi gowy
bolup jayna drdim. Todays sale was
successful. agalary seil bagda surata
drdim. agalary ukysy rahat bolar
aly atyrmazydan suwa drmeli.
Gyzgynyy drmek in parasetamol ada asperin imeli. In order to drop off the
temperature needs drink parasetamol or
asperin. comp. ele dmek
go mad dliremek v to lose one's senses,
go mad, go crazy, lose one's mind, crack
up Dliredimi? Are you out of your
mind? Ol helkilige dz gelmn
dlirpdir. He lost his mind following
the accident.
go off zaalanmak 1 [za:alanmak] v to
go bad, go off, spoil
go out mek 1 cf: rmek. v to go out,
go off
go over amak [a:mak] v to go over
go sideways gapdallamak 1 v to go
sideways gapdallap gemek to pass
sideways
go up in the world baamak [ba:amak]
v to become rich, get rich, come into
some money, go up in the world
Swdegr bir apbatda, opan bir ylda,
dahan on ylda baaar. A businessman
gets rich in one moment, a shepherd in
one year, and a peasant in ten years.

137

agy grmek
goal derweze 2 n goal (in sport) Top
derwezeden gedi. The ball passed the
goal. {sports (e.g. football, hockey)}
goalkeeper derwezei n goalkeeper
goat ebi n young goat; gei n nannygoat, goat owlakly gei the goat with
kids
gochak goak 1 n gochak, [name of an
ornament in the form of horn] [name of
an ornament in the form of horn]
gochbuyunuz gobunuz n
gochbuyunuz, [name of an ornament in
the form of sheep horn] [name of an
ornament in the form of sheep horn]
God Biribar [bi:riba:r] n God; the One
who is; Oneness; Huda [huda:] n God
Huda God hudalar gods E huda!
Good God! My God! Huda bilsin! God
knows! Hudaa kr. Thank God!
Huday haky in! For God's sake!
Huda saklasyn! God forbid!; Tary n
Tanry, God Asman Taryny mekany The
sky is God's dwelling place [God of all
the sky and earth (a name used by the
early Altaic tribes)] comp. Bile
alkasyn! comp. Tary alkasy! ;
ylahy 1 [yla:hy:] n God Trkmenistanda
Ylahyet instituty bar. There is a
Theology Institute in Turkmenistan.;
aradan 1 n God aradandan kmek
soramak To ask God for help
God forbid! Huda ursun! (comp. of
urmak) God forbid! May God strike me
down if... Huda ursun meni, men ol
tigiregi ogurlan bolsam. God forbid that I
should have stolen this small wheel.
goggle mlermek [m:lermek] v to
goggle, (of the eyes) be rolled about;
protrude Ol maa mlerip seretdi. He
looked at me by goggling.
going gidi 1 v going gidi ugruma
dermanhana barjak. I'll drop to
chemistry by going.
going on for baryp adj going on for, as
long ago as, as far back as Ba-bow, ol
baryp haanky bolan wakalar. My
goodness, that happened a long time
ago.
gold altyn 1 n gold comp. altyn ortalyk ;
gyzyl n gold gyzyl knleri gold-fields,
gold-mines gyzyl sagat gold watch gyzyl

aylan gilded, gilt gyzyl aly as good as

gold Bu gyzyl aly igitdir. The lad is as
good as gold. comp. gyzyl umruga
girmek ; tylla [tylla:] n gold {literary};
zer n gold Zerden asalan zatlar gzi
gamadyrar. Things made of gold make
your eyes blur. {arch}
golden altyn 2 adj golden comp. altyn
ortalyk
golden oriole sykylyk 2 [sy:kylyk] n
golden oriole
good gowy adj good, well, fine Gowymy?
Are you well? gowrak better gowy
okamak to study hard comp. gowy
grmek ; ho 1 adj good, pleasant, nice
ho gnler happy days wagtyy ho
geirmek to have a really enjoyable time;
mahmal 2 n good voice or good hair Bu
adymyny mahmal sesi bar. This singer
has beautiful voice.; mazaly 3
[maza:ly] adv good, satisfactorily,
satisfiable mazaly dyn almak to have a
good rest; oat adj good, well, fine oat
howa fine weather Bu oat i. That's a
good thing. oat ilemek to work well
zi oat alyp bar! Behave yourself
well!; oly 1 adj good, honest, kind,
decent Oly adam bele i etmez. Good
man wil not do such kind of thing.;
oly 2 adj good, appropriate, worthwhile Ol oly zat getirmndir. He didn't
bring anything worth-while.; saz1 2
[sa:z] adv good, normal olary arasy saz
they are in good terms onu kepi saz he
has good spirits, he is in high spirits, he
is in a good mood; agy adj good, well
Gi agy! Good evening! Gelen agy!
Good evening! olagy olda agy. The
traveller has to be on his way. [Reply to
the above greeting.] comp. bir-birii
agy grmek comp. agy grmek ;
agylyk n good, goodness, good deed
agylyk etmek to be good to somebody
Ol oa kp agylyk etdi. He was very
good to her. Mundan agylyk ykmaz.
No good will come of it. Men saa
agylyk islerin. I wish you well.
good condition glala-gllk [gla:lagllk] adj in good order, in good
condition Jay ii glala-gllk The
house is in good order.

rezerw
good cook eli sjlik (comp. of el) a
good cook Bizi mekdep apezimizi eli
sji tagamly naharlary biirr. Our
school cook prepares delicious meals.
good deed sogap [soga:p] n good deed
good for nothing biderek 2 [bi:derek]
adj good-for-nothing, useless biderek
adam useless person
good news buluk 1 [bu:luk] n message
containing good news Bulyk! Dursun
ej ogly gullukdan gelipdir. Good news!
Dursun your mother's son has come
back from military service. Myrat
agany ogul agtygy bolupdyr, buluk!
Myrat became your older brother's
grandson, good news!
good_natured
goodbye sag bol(y)! 2 (comp. of sag1)
Goodbye!
goodness gowulyk 2 n goodness,
kindness bu gowlugy stnden on
account of this kindness gowulyk etmek
to do good gowulyk arzuw etmek to wish
someone well
goods haryt [hary:t] cf: rezerw,
tialyk, ykalga, predmet, sapak,
dersi, alar, zapas, zat. n
merchandise, goods, commodity
kmeki harytharyt tia haryt stock
haryt alygy barter azyk harytlary food
products Magazine harytuin gidler.
They obtain their goods from the shop.
goose gaz1 [ga:z] n goose

gosh -le suffix gosh Bu it-le. It's a dog, isn't

it!; wh interj gosh, I wonder! (expr.
surprise) Wh, bu senmi? Oh gosh, is it
you?
gospel Injil n the gospel, the good news
about Jesus (Isa pygamber); the New
Testament {religious}
gossip agzyny eesi dl (comp. of agyz)
a gossip, unable to keep secrets, a
blabbermouth, a tattle tale; aragezer
[a:ragezer] n gossip; artykma grr
(comp. of artykma) gossip, unfounded
talk; gybat etmek [gy:bat etmek] v
gossip; gybatke [gy:batke] n a gossip,
somebody who gossips
govern dolandyrmak 2 v to regulate,
rule, reign, govern, administer, manage
Ol uly edarany dolandyrar. He manages

138
a big office. Prezident uly dwleti
dolandyrar. The president rules a large
state. z hojalygyy dolandyrmak to take
care of your family Magala guraso z
hojalygyy z dolandyrmaly. After you
are married you should take care of
your family yourself. Hojalygam kiijik
dwlet, dogry dolandyrmasa hojalyk
dargaar. Our family is like a small
state, if you do not rule it correctly, it is
destroyed.
government hkmet n government,
administration
grace twir grace [prayer said at end of
meal]; twwir [twwi:r] n grace,
thanks Olar twwirden so tutup gitdiler.
After giving thanks [for the food] they
got up and left. comp. twwir
galdyrmak
gracious merhemetli adj gracious, kind,
merciful, charitable Ol gaty merhemetli
adam. He is a very gracious man.
gradually dura-bara adv gradually, little
by little, slowly, in time, in due course
Howa dura-bara aylyar. The weather
is gradually clearing.; gitdigie adv
gradually, more and more el gitdigie
gjer. The wind is growing stronger
and stronger.; kem-kem (comp. of
kem) adv gradually, little by little
Obany grki kem-kem gzeller. The
beauty of the village is increasing
gradually.; kem-kemden cf: kem. adv
gradually, step by step, little by little
Her gn ylgamagy wagtyny kem-kemden
artdyrmaly. Each day the running time
should be gradually increased.; uwauwadan (comp. of uwa) gradually,
slowly uwa hereket Slow action assauwa slowly
graduate gutarmak 2 v to graduate
(from) okary okuw jayny gutarmak to
graduate from a higher educational
establishment
grain dne 1 n ear (of e.g. wheat), grain,
cereals bugda / arpa dnesi wheat;
galla n grain galla nmleri grain
products, cereal products galla tohumy
seed galla hasyly grain harvest

139

kne
grain cultivation dneilik n grain
cultivation, cereal cultivation dneilik
hojalygy arable farming, cereal
production
gram gram n gram
grandchild agtyk n grandchild i.e. a
granddaughter or grandson
grandfather ata 1 n grandfather
(paternal); forefather comp. atalar szi
comp. atam dwrnden galan comp.
atam i say. Atasyz oglan etim, enesiz
oglan esir ; baba 1 [ba:ba] n
grandfather Ejemi kakasy meni babam.
My mother's father is my maternal
grandfather. {maternal}
grandmother ene 1 n grandmother
(paternal) garry ene great grandmother
ene batal mother/femail nier comp. ene
dili comp. ene sdi comp. ene toprak
comp. eneden bolmak comp. eneden
dogma ; mama2 [ma:ma] n (maternal)
grandmother Mamam bize hi wagt
gezmge gelmedi. My grandmother never
visited us.
grant stipendia cf: talyp haky. n grant,
scholarship; talyp haky cf: stipendia.
(comp. of talyp) grant, scholarship;
stipend
grape zm n grape gara zm black
grapes zm hoasy a bunch of grapes
zm ygmak to pick grapes zmi
suwy grape juice zm aga vine comp.
zm suwy aly
grapple garpymak v to grapple (with),
come to blows (with), skirmish Itler
garpydylar. The dogs tusssled with each
other.
grasp apymak 1 cf: apmak. v to
grasp, hold on (to), grip, catch hold (of)
pe apymak to hold on the rope, hold
the rope
grass ot1 1 n grass, greenery haal ot weed
ot basmak to be overgrown with grass ot
ygmak to mow, cut the grass comp. otelek bolmak
grassy otly1 adj grassy otly er pasture,
grassy land otly halta sack full of grass
grate gyrmak1 1 v to grate gyrgy bilen
gyrmak to grate

gratitude minnetdarlyk [minnetda:rlyk]

n gratitude, thankfulness, gratefulness,
satisfaction minnetdarlyk bildirmek to
express one's gratitude; to thank with all
one's heart
grave gabyr n grave E, Rebbim, gabyr
azabyndan halas etmegi in Saa
sygynaryn. Oh Lord, I trust you to save
me from the grave's torment.; gr [g:r]
n grave, tomb gre alyp gitmek to take
someone to the grave with o.s. comp.
grden ykan aly ; gubur [gubu:r] n
grave Bu gubur uly adamyky bolmaly.
This grave should be big mans.
gravel agyl n gravel eesi
howlusynda agyldan inejik oda
asapdyr. The house owner made a
narrow path from gravel in the
backyard. Bize zerur bolan gurluyk
materiallardan die agyl etmerdi. Of
all the building materials we required
we only lacked gravel.
graveyard mazarlyk [maza:rlyk] cf:
mazarystan. n graveyard, cemetry;
mosque-yard Bizi obamyzda agalar
jalanan kii mazarlyk bar. There is
small cemetry in or village for to bury
children.
gray al2 2 [a:l] adj gray al bagana gray
hair {Amer}
graze otlamak2 v to graze, pasture
Gounlar otlap rler. The sheep are
grazing.
great beik 2 adj great Magtymguly beik
trkmen ahyrydyr. Magtymguly is a
great Turkmen poet. Kpetdagy beik
gerinde, tomus alarynda hem gar atar.
Kopet dag's highest peak has snow on it
throughout the summer months. Beik
ynam adamy ruhuny galdyrar. A
person's great faith raises his spirits.;
garry 3 cf: kne. adj great garry ata
great grandfather garry ene great
grandmother
Great Britain Beik Britania n Great
Britain (sem. domains: 9.7.2.1 - Names
of countries.)
great grandchild owluk n great
grandchild
great grand-child uwluk n great-great
grandchild Marala uwluk grmek

nebsimiz agyrsa-da
miesser boldy. Maral could see her
great-great grandchild.
great great grandchild gowlyk n great
great grandchild
great light amyrag [a:myra:g] n great
light, heavenly light
great silk road beik pek oly (comp.
of pek) The Great Silk Road
greed nebis n greediness, self-interest
nebse apmak to be greedy comp.
nebsimiz agyrsa-da comp. nebsi
agyrmak ; nebisjelik cf: nebsewrlik.
n greed Nebisjelik gowy hsiet dl.
Greed is not good character.;
nebsewrlik cf: nebisjelik. n greed
Nebsewrlik aramaz gylyk. Greed is a
bad habit.
greediness agzlk [a:gzlk] n
greediness agzlk bilen seretmek to
look greedily Agzlk gowy gylyk dl.
Greediness is not good character.
greedy agz [a:gz] adj greedy Meni
dostum agz, garny dosa-da, gzi
domaar. My friend is greedy, his
stomack is full, but not his eyes.;
gysgan adj miserly, greedy id. ii
gysgan
Greek grek 2 adj Greek grek aaly Greek
woman grek dili Greek, the Greek
language (sem. domains: 4.1.2 - Types
of people.)
green ayl [a:yl] adj green ayl rek
green colour
greet grmek 2 v to shake hands, greet;
salamalamak [sala:malamak] v to say
how do you do (to), greet, hail el bilen
salamalamak to shake hands (with)
greeting salamlama [sala:mlama] n
greeting
grey al2 1 [a:l] adj grey al sa grey hair
{Brit}
grief gagy 1 cf: gagy; alada. n grief,
woe, sorrow gagydan aa of grief,
with grief uur gagy deep sorrow
comp. gaga batmak comp. zi gaga
basdyrmak ; k 6 n grief, sorrow,
suffering Sen ony k edip regide
gterip rs. You are carrying a grief
for him in your heart.
grieve gynanmak 1 v to be sorry, grieve
gynansam-da unfortunately; otly

140
knek gemek 2 (comp. of knek,
otly3) to be sad, to grieve

grind wemek v to grind bugda wemek

to mill wheat et wemek to grind meat
comp. welen et
grindstone arh 3 n grindstone pyagy
arha tutmak to hold an knife to a
grindstone
groan nala ekmek (comp. of ekmek1)
to groan Ene agasyny elden aldyranda,
erbet nala ekdi. The mother moaned
loudly when she lost her child.
groaning ahy-zar [a:hy-za:r] n groaning,
mourning, cry, lament
ground er 1 n ground, earth erde on the
ground/floor comp. er almasy comp.
er hoz comp. er tudana comp. erine
comp. erine etirmek
groundless esassyz [esa:ssyz] adj
groundless, baseless, unfounded esassyz
maglumat basless information esassyz
pikir retme mainless thinking
group topar 1 cf: komanda. n team,
group; toplum 1 cf: kompleks. n group
grovel aranmak 2 v to grovel, behave
servilely to; flatter
grovelling aranjalyk n bootlicking,
grovelling, flattery aranjalyk etmek to
behave servilely towards; lick someone's
boots, grovel
grow bitmek 2 v to grow Ekin suw bilen
bitr. Crops grow with the help of
water. comp. aak bit comp. dil bitmek
comp. dieni bitmek ; ggermek 1 v
to grow Otlar ggerip balady. Grass(es)
began to grow. comp. ekilmedik erde
ggermek ; rmek1 1 [:rmek] v to
grow, appear (vegetation, hair, fur)
Medana ot rp ugrapdyr. Grasses begin
to grow in the field. comp. bir den
rmek ; sdrmek 1 cf: smek. v to
grow, cultivate gl sdrmek to grow
flowers {agriculture}; smek 1 cf:
sdrmek. v to grow, grow up bile
smek to grow up together
{agriculture}; ulaltmak 2 v to grow, to
bring up Kii guzulary tiz we sagdyn
ulaltmak in ene sdinden doyrmaly.
alyz en iki agany ulaltmak kyn. It is
hard for a single mother to raise two
children Gllerimi ulaltmak in men

141

myhman bolmak
topraga mineral dknlerini goan. To
grow bigger flowers, I fertilise to the
soil. comp. szi ulaltmak ; uzalmak 2 v
to grow, become taller Begen basketbola
gatnap balany bri boy uzalypdyr. After
Begench started taking part in
basketball he grew up.; uzamak 2 v to
grow Agalary depesi asmana uzapdyr.
Berdi gullykda bolan wagty boy
uzapdyr. Pagta ekeniden so pagta
medany agarsa uzan aly bolar. comp.
eli uzamak
grow prettier gzellemek v to become
more beautiful, grow prettier Bizi
herimiz gn-gnden gzeller. Our
town becomes more beautiful day by
day.
grow together smek v to grow
together, grow gradually
grow turbid bulanmak 1 v to become/
grow turbid, dim Suwa margansowka
damdyrsa, uwa-uwadan suwy reki
bulanyp ugraar.
grow up smek 2 cf: sdrmek. v to
grow up {children}; ulalmak 1 v to
grow, grow up Gullugymy dynyp
gelnm mizde bar zat tgpdir,
hatda meni ekip giden zm agalarym
ulalypdyr. As I finish my army services
everything at home was changed, even
vine trees grew up which I was planted
before.
grow weak ownamak 3 v to become/
grow weak Hojalyk ownapdyr. The farm
has grown weak.
growth s n growth, improvement
Trkmen dilini sine nme bwet
bolar? What's preventing the Turkmen
language from growing?
grudge kine [ki:ne] n grudge, spite,
rancour, unforgiveness, anger kine
saklamak to bear a grudge against
somebody kine etmek to take offence, be
dissatisfied Kine etm! Don't be
offended! comp. gwn-kine
gruel semeni n gruel semeni biirmek to
cook gruel
guarantee garantirlemek cf:
kepillendirmek. v to guarantee,
warrant nmi hilini garantirlemek to
guarantee the quality of product; kepil
[kepi:l] n guarantee, warrant kepil

gemek to warrant something,

guarantee; kepillendirmek
[kepi:llendirmek] cf: garantirlemek. v
to guarantee, warrant, certify, insure
Gurluyk guramalarynda iileri janyny/
saglygyny kepillendirmerler. The
welfare/health of workers is not insured
at the construction organisation.
guaranteed kepillik n guarantee,
assurance, warranty Toyota maynlary
yllyk kepillik bilen satylar. Toyota cars
are sold with a three year warranty.
guard aamak 3 v to guard Esgerler
watanyny aap saklaarlar. The soldiers
keep guard over our country. Ene
agasyny aap saklaar. A mother
protects her own children. say. Nanyny
aan aa eter, donuny aan toa ;
bapena [bapena:] n guard;
derwezeban [derwezeba:n] n gatekeeper, guard {arch}; garawullamak 1
v to guard, be on the watch sklady
garawullamak to guard the warehouse
araglary garawullamak to guard the
snaryades; gorag 1 [go:rag] n guard,
watch gorag astynda under arrest, in
custody goragda durmak to guard gorag
astyna almak to take into custody;
goragy [go:ragy] n guard; defender,
protector; goramak [go:ramak] v to
guard, protect, defend; saky 1 n guard
saky bolup ilemek to work as a guard
trme sakysy warder; saklamak 3 v to
guard saklamak to guard the house
guardroom garawulhana [garawulha:na]
n guardroom, look-out post, tower,
lodge
guest myhman [my:hma:n] n guest,
visitor hormatly myhman guest of
honour Bizi mize myhman geldi.
Guests came to our house. comp.
myhman almak comp. myhman bolmak
; toy guest [at a to]
guest room myhman otagy [my:hma:n
otagy] n guest room, spare room, living
room, sitting room, lounge Bizi
myhman otagymyz uly. Our guest room is
large. [a guest room and a sitting room
are much the same thing in Turkmen
culture]
guide ugurtapyjy n guide, route-finder
Serdar z dostlaryny arasynda

gn klemek

142

ugurtapyjylygy bilen tanalardy. Serdar

was well-known among his friends
because of his route-finding ability.
Ugurtapyjy belgi goudyryp, oglanlar
tokada z ounlaryna baladylar. Setting
route markers, the boys started their
game in the forest. ol gurluygy
balanandan so, srjilere ugurtapyjy
belgiler godular. After road construction
began, road signs were put up for
drivers
guilt gn 3 n guilt comp. gn klemek
guiltless gnsiz adj guiltless, blameless,
not guilty, sinless, innocent
guilty azykly [a:zykly] adj guilty
azykly bolmak to be guilty kimdir birini
nde azykly bolmak to be guilty in
the sight of somebody

guilty one gnkr 1 n the guilty one,

the one at fault Sen gnkr It's your
fault. gnkr bolmak to be guilty
guitar gitara [gi'tara] n guitar gitara
almak to play the guitar
gulaby glaby [gla:by] n gulaby (sort of
melon)
gullible ynanja adj gullible, credulous
Bu gyz gaty ynanja, kim nme dise,
ynanyp r. This girl is very gullible, she
believes every persom what to say.
gum sakgy n chewing gum, bubble gum
sakgy enemek to chew gum
gun top 3 n gun, artillery
gutap gutap [guta:p] cf: somsa. n gutap
[flat, semi-circular pasty made of dough
then filled and either fried or cooked in
the oven]

Hh

habit adat 2 [a:dat] n habit Ol ir turmagy

adat edinipdir. He has a habit of getting
up early. comp. adatdan daary ; endik
v habit gowy endik good habit aramaz
endik bad habit comp. endik etmek
haft saplamak1 v to haft pili saplamak to
haft a spade, make a handle for a spade
haggle bahalamak v to haggle, to barter,
to negotiate a price Bazarda bahalayp
kee aldym. At the market I haggled and
bought a felt mat. Goyma ylalaykly
bahalayp sygyrymy satdym. I sold my
cow to my neighbour at the agreed and
haggled price. Firmany sti bilen
bahalayp ja satyn aldyk. We haggled
with the firm's help and bought a house.
hail doly1 n hail, sleet; jwenek n hail
jwenek agar. It is hailing.
hair gyl n hair ine gyl thin hair comp.
gyly stnde durmak ; sa1 [sa] n
hair sa almak cut hair sen meni saymy
alyp biljekmi? are you able to cut my
hair?; t n hair, fur

hairpin pilka n hairpin, bobby pin

hairy tlek adj hairy, mossy
Haj haj n Haj (Muslim pilgrimage to
Mecca) {religious}
hajji hajy n hajji (also hadji, Hadji) Muslim male who has completed the
pilgrimage to Mecca. The title of same.
{religious}
half arpy [a:rpy] n half arpy bahasy
half price arpy bahasyna almak to buy
at half price; arty [a:rty] n half arty
rek half of the bread; ary [a:ry] n
half ary gije midnight arysyny bermek
to give somebody half of something
Sagat onu ary. It is half past nine.;
arym [a:rym] n half Maa arym kilo
bersene. Please give me half a kilo. bir
arym kilo one and a half kilos Men saa
bir arym sagat garadym. I waited for
you for one and a half hours.
{indeclinable} comp. arym ada comp.
arym alaa comp. arym a bolmak

143

tutawa
hall zal n hall, assembly hall okalga zaly
reading-room mejlisler zaly conference
hall
hall of residence atakhana 2
[atakha:na] n hall of residence {colloq,
students}
halo agyl 2 [a:gyl] n lunar halo Men ay
agyllanyny grdm. I saw the moon's
halo.
haloxylon sazak [sa:zak] n haloxylon,
saxaul (sem. domains: 1.5 - Plant.)
halt duralga n halt, stop (e.g. for buses),
landing Onu belli duralgasy ok. There
is no designated stop. comp. belli
duralgasy ok
hammer eki n hammer; kakmak 1 v to
drive in, hammer in kakmak to drive
in a nail comp. ga kakmak comp. til
kakmak ; urudyrmak 4 v
hand el cf: egri. n hand; arm el golary
hand luggage Uara el golarymy anyma
alyp mndm. I got on the plane with
my hand luggage. el arpmak to
applaud, clap Onu elinde kitap bar. He
has a book in his hand. Oglumy elinden
tutup seil baga gitdik. I took my son's
hand went to the park. eijini el arpyp
goldadyk. We supported winner by
applauding. Gyzym sag elinde dl-de ep
elinde hat azar. My daughter writes
left-handed, not right. el ekmek to back
away, withdraw Gyzym kagyzy zne
elini goup el ekdi. My daughter
withdrew on the paper. Elii ek! Hands
off! Erbet nietiden sen el ek. Hold back
your bad intention. Meni ep elim
agyrar. My left arm aches. Joram z el
sagadyny itirdi. My friend lost her
watch. Doganym de el degirmeni
oardy. My brother fixed the mill at
home. Men saa kmek edesim gelr,
ne bu meni elimde dl. I want to help
you, but it is out of my hands comp.
ajala el bulamak comp. bir elde bolmak
comp. el barmak comp. el barmazlyk id.
el bermezlik comp. el bolugy comp. el
bulamak comp. el ekmek comp. el
degirmek comp. el degmek comp. el
galdyrmak comp. el gatmak comp. el
gatarmak comp. el gelmek comp. el
gtermek comp. el ileri comp. el
sermek comp. el urmak comp. el

uzatmak comp. el zmek1 comp. el aly

comp. el uwmak comp. el znde
gomak comp. el-ele bermek comp. elde
jan bermek comp. elden bermek comp.
elden geirmek comp. elden gidirmek
comp. elden sypdyrmak comp. elden-ele
comp. elden-ele gemek comp. ele
almak1 comp. ele almak2 comp. ele
bakmak comp. ele dmek comp. ele
drmek2 comp. ele ilmek comp. eli
ayk comp. eli agyr comp. eli agzyna
etmek comp. eli arassa comp. eli bo
gelmek comp. eli ykmak comp. eli
galam tutmak comp. eli galmazlyk
comp. eli gana bulamak comp. eli
gysgalyk comp. eli sowamak comp. eli
sjlik comp. eli arag tutmak comp.
eli ukalyk comp. eline kakmak comp.
eli aasy comp. elide baryny etmek
comp. eliden dur dklmek comp.
eliden gelenini etmek comp. eliden
gelmek comp. elii burnua sokmak
comp. elii salgamak comp. elii sowuk
suwa urmazlyk comp. iki ellp
apymak comp. kii el bilen ot
gorsamak comp. zii ele almak comp.
sag el ; penje 1 n hand comp. penj
dmek comp. penj salmak
hand in tabyrmak 3 v to hand over,
hand in (a paper), return something,
give something back, check in goy
tabyrmak to check in baggage
hand span gary n hand span, span
hand to hand elden-ele (comp. of el)
hand-to-hand Elden-ele ber dien hatyy
elin gowurdym. I gave your letter which
you asked be to give hand in hand.
handful goawu n handful goawu bilen
suw imek to drink water from cupped
hands goawu bilen lemek to measure
with cupped hands
handicapped pasyk n physically
handicapped
handkerchief desmal cf: polotense. n
towel, handkerchief; elaglyk
[ela:glyk] n handkerchief
handle gulp 1 n handle negi gulpy the
handle of a teapot; ruka 2 ['ruka] cf:
tutalga, syagalam, tutawa. n handle
Rukadan al! Take it by the handle!;
sap1 1 n handle, haft pil sapy the handle
of a spade palta sapy the handle of an

susagy sapyny ele almak

axe, axe-handle, axe helve comp.
susagy sapyny ele almak ; tutalga 1 cf:
ruka, syagalam, tutawa. adv
handle; tutawa [tutawa:] cf: tutalga,
ruka, syagalam. n handle
handlebars rul 2 n handlebars welosipedi
ruly bicycle handlebars
hand-made el ileri (comp. of el) handmade work El iini men ejemden
wrendim. I learnt how to do hand-made
work from my mother.
handrail apyalga n handrail, bannister
Men apyalgadan tayp dmni
halaaryn. I like sliding down
bannisters.
handset trubka handset comp. telefon
trubkasy
handwriting hat 2 n handwriting haty
tanamak to recognize someones
handwriting comp. dil haty comp. hatpet gatnadan
hand-written azmaa adj hand-written
azmaa harplar hand-written letters
hang asmak v to hang up bonudan
monjuk asmak to adorn one's neck with
beads comp. dardan asmak comp. gulak
as ; sallamak v to hang, drop kelli
salla to hang one's head agadan salla to
hang on the tree z sallamak to drop
one's face, to look dissatisfied sallap
ldrmek hang oneself comp. aagyy
sallap gitmek ; sallanmak 2 cf:
sallanjyramak. v to hang agadan
sallanmak to hang on the tree
hang around daynda kebelek bolmak
(comp. of kebelek) to hang round, to
try to get round
hang out sermek v to hang out (clothes),
put out, lay out, spread out
hanger asgy 1 n coat-hanger, coat-hook,
coat-rack geim asgy clothes hanger
hangman jellat 1 [jella:t] n hangman,
executioner
happen
happiness bagt n happiness, good fortune
bagtly bolmak to be lucky Uzak hem
bagtly durmuda aap gemek uly bagt. It
is a great fortune to live a long and
happy life. Ekzameni okary bahalara
tabyrmak uly bagt. It is pure joy if you

144
get a high grade in an exam.; guwan 2
n happiness, joy guwan bilen with joy
happy bagtly adj happy, fortunate,
blessed 'ay uzyn, bagtly gyz bolsyn!'
diip, myhmanlar arzuw etdiler. 'May you
have a long-living, happy daughter!' the
guests wished. Myrat we Leli
durmuyyz bagtly bolsyn! May you,
Murad and Leyli, live a happy life!
agasy bolan ene-atalar rn bagtly
adamlar. Parents who have children are
very blessed.; bagtyar 1 [bagtya:r]
adj happy, fortunate Trkmenistan
dwletimizi adamlary bagtyar. The
people of the state of Turkmenistan are
fortunate. urt parahatylygy adamlary
bagtyar edr. The nation's peace
makes people happy.; razy 1 [ra:zy:] adj
satisfied (with), pleased (with), happy
(with) razy bolmak to be satisfied (with)
Men senden razy I am satisfied with you.
Men mua razy dl. I'm not happy with
that. comp. Razy bol! ; adyan
[a:dyan] adj happy, merry
happy medium altyn ortalyk (comp. of
altyn) happy medium, golden mean
hard agyr 3 adj hard Dost agyr gnde
tanalar. A friend is for hard times.
Uru agyr howpy abanar. Hard times of
war threaten us.; pajygaly [pa:jygaly]
adj hard, difficult; sad, painful, tragic
pajygaly agda difficult situation
pajygaly gnler hard days; owuz 3 adj
hard {time}
hard currency waluta [wal'uta] n hard
currency altyn waluta gold currency
harden bekemek 1 cf: berkemek. v to
harden, become hard, get firmly
established zhmete bekn adam a man
used to hard work; domak 2 v to
harden, set ag doupdyr. The oil has
set.; gatamak v to harden, solidify, get
stale gatap galmak to harden, get stale
rek gatady. The loaf of bread became
stale. comp. sowuga gatamak comp.
suwsuz gatamak
hardness
hard-wearing ydamly 2 adj hardwearing ydamly dik hard-wearing
boots

145

aldyrany bar aly

hard-working zhmetke 2 adj hardworking Trkmenler zhmetke halk.
Turkmens are hard-working people.
hardy dzmli 1 adj staunch, hardy,
steadfast Mert bolup kynylyklara
dzmli bolmaly. You must be steadfast
and firm in the face of difficulties.
harem haremhana [haremha:na] n harem
harm hyanat [hya:nat] n harm, malice,
injury, evil hyanat etmek to do harm;
zelel cf: zyan, zeper. n harm Zeleli
ok! It doesn't matter!, Never mind!,
Don't worry!; zeper cf: zyan, zelel.
harm ilimkelik kene, ele-de agyz
bolugyna zeper etirr. Smoking harms
your lungs and mouth.; zyan 1
[zya:n] cf: zelel, zeper. n harm,
damage, injury Bu derman size zyan
etmez. This medicine will not damage
your health. zyan bolmak to be
harmful/injurious {health} comp.
Zyany ok. ; zyan etirmek v to
harm Nme in patya ene-de zyan
etirmeli? Why should the king be
further harmed?
harmful zyanly 1 [zya:nly] adj
harmful, damaging ilim ekmek
zyanlydyr. Smoking is harmful.
harmless zyansyz 1 [zya:nsyz] adj
harmless zyansyz seride harmless
substance
harmonious sazlaykly [sa:zlaykly] adj
harmonious, (well) co-ordinated, (well)
organized, rhythmic(al) sazlaykly i
well co-ordinated work, rhythmical
work
harmoniously agzybirlikli adv
harmoniously
harp arfa ['arfa] n harp (sem. domains:
4.2.3 - Music.)
harrow mala [ma:la] n harrow mala
basmak to harrow
harvest getirmek 2 v to harvest, bring in
a harvest, yield Bu yl zmimiz agy
getirdi. This year yielded a good crop of
grapes. Bu yl almalar gowy getirdi. This
year we had a good crop of apples.
comp. sary getirmek comp. tasa
getirmek ; hasyl [ha:syl] n harvest,
yield, crop oat hasyl ygnamak to
gather in a good harvest hasyl bermek to

bear fruit comp. hasyl bolmak ; orum n

mowing, harvest Gz orumy wagty i
kp boar. There were many works
during autumn harvest time.
harvester ygymy 1 n harvester
ygymylar gz hasylyny ygnadylar.
Harvesters gathered autumn harvest.
hashish
hat silkme telpek n a shaggy wool hat for
men; telpek n (Turkmen) sheepskin hat
hate igrenmek v to hate, be disgusted
by, loathe gorkaklygy in igrenmek to
be disgusted by someone's cowardice
aranjalygy igrenmek to loathe
grovelling
haughtily tekepbir 2 [tekepbi:r] adv
haughty, haughtily, proud, proudly,
arrogant, arrogantly
have bar 1 [ba:r] modal v to have
Dkanda dien harydy bar. The shop
has anything you could possibly want.
Bar bol(u)! comp. bar bolmak comp.
bary-ogy
have a cough sglewkli adj to have a
cough, suffer from a cough, sglewkli
sowuklama to have cold with a cough
sglewkli ilimke a smoker with a
cough
have a rest somewhere cool
salkynlamak 2 v to have a rest in a
cool place salkynlamak oturmak to sit in
a cool place
have a temperature tmek v to have a
temperature, feel feverish Men
drin. I've got a temperature.
have brought aldyrmak 1 v to have
something bought Kakama kitap
aldyrdym. I got them to buy a book for
my father. comp. aldyrany bar aly
have craving a salamak (comp. of a)
to have a craving [during the first
trimester of pregnancy]
have flu dmewlemek v to have cold/flu
have met garylatmak v to have someone
met, to organise for someone to be met
have one's fill domak 2 v to have
enough of someone, have one's fill
ilikden domak mmkin dl. It's not
possible to have too much kebab. Kim
domadyk bolsa ene nahar salyp berjek. I

aldyrany bar aly

will give more food to those who are
not full. Ol gaty doupdyr. He had eaten
a lot. Men sizi bo grrleriizden halys
dodum. I am fed up with your empty
words. Men seni iirdiden dodum. I
am fed up with your grumbling. garny
dosa-da, gzi domadyk his eyes are
bigger than his belly Men indi hi zat
ijek dl, men dodum. I won't eat any
more, I'm full.
have one's photo taken surata dmek
(comp. of dmek2) to have one's photo
taken Joralarym bilen surata ddk. I
had may photo taken with my female
friends.
have period aallara mahsus agdada
(comp. of mahsus) having her period
have removed ayrtmak v to have
something removed agany ayrtmak to
have an abortion
have sex anamak 3 [a:namak] v to
have sex Agyz beklenn gijeler size
aallaryyza yanamak ygtyar edilr.
During the nights of fasting it is
permitted for you to have sex with your
wife.
have someone invited agyrtmak
[a:gyrtmak] v to get someone to invite
somebody Myrady agyrtdym. I got
someone to invite Murad. myhman
agyrtmak gurulta, mejlis agyrtmak
have something fixed bejertmek 1 v to
have something fixed, to have
something repaired Men dn maynymy
bejertdim. I got my car fixed yesterday.
have taken aldyrmak 2 v to have
something taken Jbimden gapjygymy
aldyrdym. I had my wallet taken out of
my pocket. comp. aldyrany bar aly
have tea with alamak [a:lamak] v
to have tea with someone, indulge in
tea-drinking
have temperature gyzdyrmak 3 v to
have a temperature Ol gyzdyrar. S/he
has a temperature.
have woken up oatmak v to have
somebody woken up Seni haan
oatmaly? When do you want me to
have you woken up?

146
have_stitch sanmak 4 cf: sanjamak. v
have_stitch meni sag gapdalym sanar I
have a stitch in my right side
having a good memory atke [a:tke]
adj possessing a good memory, with a
good memory atke bolmak to have a
good memory
having a subject eeli 2 adj having a
subject eeli szlem sentence with a
subject {grammar}
having blood ganly 1 [ga:nly] adj
having_blood az ganly anaemic comp.
gyzgyn ganly comp. sowuk ganly
having care idegli 1 [i:degli] adj having
care/supervision idegli bolmak to be
under somebody's care/supervision
having child agaly [a:galy] adj having
a child, having children Adata obada
kp agaly magala herdkiden kprk
bolar. There are usually larger families
in villages than in urban areas.
having weight agramly adj with a weight
(of)
head ba 1 cf: boun, egmek. n head,
top, foremost bay dmek to chop
someone's head off bada durmak to be
in charge ba agyry headache ba agza
chief member ba harp capital letter
derany bay the head of the river
comp. ba asmana etmek comp. ba
bermezlik comp. ba ykarmak comp.
ba egmek comp. ba galdyrmak comp.
ba gtermek comp. ba wretmek
comp. ba stne comp. ba-badaklyk
id. Baa barmaz! comp. baa bela
gelmek comp. badan sowmak comp.
badan-aak2 comp. bay amak comp.
bay atylmak comp. bayna dmek
comp. bayna gobermek comp. bayna
etmek comp. Baya dnein! comp.
baydan gum sowurmak comp. bayy
etegie salmak comp. bayy assyga
etirmek ; kelle 1 n head meni kellm
agyrar I have a headache kelemi kellesi
head of cabbage; mdir [mdi:r] n
head, manager, director kafedra mdiri
head of department okuw mdiri
director of studies; ser n head comp.
kalbya ser salmak ; smml n head (of
e.g. wheat) {agricultural}
head and feet kellebaaak n head and
feet (of animal; as meat) Meni

147

regi erine gelmek

magalam ada bir gezek kellebaaak
ir. My family eats the head and feet
of an animal once a month. [seen as
gourmet food, and often given to the
guest]
head for zlenmek 3 v to head for, head
off in the direction of oba tarap
zlenmek to head off in the direction of
the village
head of the Turkmen Trkmenbay n
head of the Turkmen Halk, watan,
Trkmenbay! People, homeland, head
of the the Turkmen!
head of Turkmen
head piece gupba n silver head-piece
[dome-like silver ornament sewed to the
girl's skull cap]
head scarf brenjek n head scarf, cover
Dini musulman urtlarda aal gyzlar
brenjege brenip gezrler. In strict
Muslim countries the women and girls
go round with head scarves on. Turist
bolup Eran urduna gidemde brenjekli
gezdim. When I went to Iran as a tourist
I wore a head scarf.
headache kelle agyry [kella:gyry] n
headache Men her gn wagtynda gk a
imesem, kelle agyrym tutar. If I do not
have green tea in time every day, I get a
headache. kelle agyry dermany medicine
used for the treatment of headache
headscarf pereji n type of women's
headscarf {dial Teke Ahal}
heal bejermek 3 v to treat someone, to
heal Ol meni oglumy keselden bejerr.
He is treating my son's illness.; bitmek
3 v to heal, close up, heal over Tyg
arasy bitr. The cut healed over.
comp. aak bit comp. dil bitmek comp.
dieni bitmek ; gutulmak 2 v to heal,
close up, skin over ara gutuldy. The
wound healed up.; sagaltmak cf:
sagalmak. v to heal, make someone
healthy, bring someone into a healthy
state
health hal-agda 1 [ha:l-agda] cf:
hal-ahwal. n health hal-agdayyz
nhili? How are you?; hal1 2 [ha:l] n
health, condition halyny soramak to ask
about someone's health halyny bilmek to
know the condition bbegi oat halda

saklamak to keep a baby in good

condition; sagatlyk2 n health;
sagdynlyk adj health; saglyk 2 n health
comp. saglyk sygyr ; saglyk-amanlyk
[saglyk-ama:nlyk] adv health sagamanlyk soramak to ask about health
healthy etli-ganly [edli-ga:nly] (comp. of
etli) adj healthy, strong, full-blooded etli
bolmak to be healthy; gurgun adj
healthy, well Gurgunmy? Are you
healthy?; sag1 adj healthy janyyz
sagmy? how are you?, how is your
health? Sag-aman geldimi? Is
everything alright? sizi janyyzy sag
bolmagyny your whole being becoming
strong comp. sag bol atmak comp. sag
bol(y)! ; sagat2 adj healthy, strong,
robust, sound sagat beden strong body
sagat bolmak to be healthy; sagdyn n
healthy; sensible sagdyn pikir common
sense; salamat [sala:mat] adv healthy,
whole salamat bolu! be healthy!;
ypaly adv healthy, beneficial
hear eitmek 1 v to hear Ol meni sesimi
eitdi. He heard my voice. Biz ele
boljagyny eitdik. we heard it will be like
thi Men baga bir zat eitdim. I heard
another thing.
heart dil1 n heart, soul; kalp n heart, soul,
inner being, spirit kalby pk frank,
candid, sincere kalby pklik frankness,
candour, sincerity Bizi Prezidentimiz
"Ynsan kalbyny mejek nury" atly tze
kitap azdy. Our President wrote a new
book called, "The unquenchable light in
the human heart".; kl n heart, soul
kl bermek to give one's heart (to);
rek 1 n heart rek keseli heart
disease rek agyry chest pains Meni
regim agyrar. I have a bad heart.
rek urmasy palpitations; (med)
tachycardia {anatomy} comp. ak rek
comp. arslan rek comp. d rek
comp. rege dmek comp. rege
dwmek comp. rege jk bolmak
comp. regi aty kellesi aly comp.
regi bire baglamak comp. regi uka
comp. regini iirmek comp. regini
armak comp. regi agzya gelmek
comp. regi bulanmak comp. regi
gysmak comp. regi mkldemek
comp. regi erine gelmek comp.

rek awamak
rek awamak comp. rek bermek
comp. rek da baglamak
heartbeat urgy 2 n heartbeat Hassa
anynda duran apparaty manitorynda
regi urgusy grkezrdi. The patient's
heartbeats were displayed on a monitor
which stood next to the patient.
Koordiolog hassa puls urgusyny eli bilen
diledi. The cardiologist measured the
patient's heartbeat with his hand.
dumany urgusyna dz gelmek to bear it
when the enemy wins
hearted rekli 2 adv hearted gara rekli
evil-hearted
heat gyzdyrmak 2 v to heat otagy
gyzdyrmak to heat the room; howur n
heat; jwza [jwza:] n sultriness, heat
Olar jwzaly yssyda pagta ygarlar.
They pick cotton in the burning heat.;
ylylyk 3 n heat ylylyk birligi calorie,
thermal unit Suwu ylylygy 30
gradusdan aak bolmaly dl. The heat of
water must not be under 30 celsium
degrees. {physics}
heat up gyzdyrmak 1 v to heat up, warm
up suw gyzdyrmak to warm up water
ym-gyzyl bolana gyzdyrmak to make
red-hot ym-ak bolana gyzdyrmak to
make white-hot; gyzmak 3 v to be in
full swing, to hot up I gyzdy. Things at
work are hotting up.
heating ylady n heating Jay
yladyyny ri. Turn off the heating
of house.
heaven behit [behi:t] n heaven,
paradise atan eri agty bolsun, jay
behiti trinden bolsun. May your
resting place be light, may you be in
heaven's most honoured place.
heavenly asmany adj heavenly
heavy agyr 1 adj heavy agyr k a heavy
load agyr jerime heavy fine (monetary);
saldamly 1 adj heavy, weighty saldamly
halta heavy bag saldamly k heavy load
Hebrew ewre 3 adj Hebrew ewree in
Hebrew (sem. domains: 3.5.3 Language.) {language}
heel kje n heel kw kjesi shoe heel
joraby kjesi heel of a sock comp. kje
gtermek comp. kjesine dmek comp.
kj elemek

148
heigh he2 interj hey; oh

height belentlik n height, altitude dag

belentlikleri mountain heights her
belentlikde erler. The city is situated
high in the mountains.; beiklik n
height, altitude deiz derejesinden
beiklik the altitude, the height above
sea-level; bo 1 n height Gyzymy boy
gysgalygy in atletika berdim.
Klasdaymy boy aksyz uzyn bolanlygy
sebpli aman utanardy. Tze salyp
balan jaymyzy boy em bir arym
metre barypdyr. Inli matany boy iki
metr bolsa bir knek ykar. comp.
mr boy comp. yl boy
heinous sin klli gn (comp. of klli1)
heinous sin Trkmen halkynda watana
dnklik etmek klli gn hasaplanar.
Amongst the Turkmen betraying your
country is considered to be a heinous
sin.
heir mirasdar [mi:ra:sda:r] cf:
mirasder. n heir; legatee; successor
mirasdar azada heir prince; mirasder
[mi:ra:sder] cf: mirasdar. n heir, one
who inherits mirasder agalar children
who will inherit
Hell dowzah n Hell O dnde gnsizler
jennete, gn edenler dowzaha bararmy.
Righteous people go to Paradise, those
who sin go to Hell in the other world.
dowzah ody fire of Hell Dowzah odynda
anmajak bolsa etany oly bilen
reme. If you do not want to burn in
the fires of Hell, do not walk in the
ways of Satan. dowzah azaby suffering
of Hell aman adam dowzah odynda
anarmy. It is said that a bad person
burns in the fires of Hell. Meni bu
dowzahdan gutar! Please God, save me
from Hell! Meni ekip ren jebirlerim
duran bir dowzahdyr. The sufferings I go
through are hell. erdki dowzahtrmedir. Prison is a hell on earth.;
jhennem 1 n Hell jhenneme git! Go to
Hell! {religious} comp. janyny
jhenneme ibermek
hello alekimessalam [a:lekimessa:lam]
interj How do you do? Hello. [reply to
essalawmalekim]; allo interj hello
{telephone}; essalawmalekim
[essalawma:lekim] cf:

149

bri bakmak
walekimessalam. n How do you do?
Hello. [The younger man initiates the
greeting by saying this. The reply is
walekimessalam (see that entry).];
salam [sala:m] interj hello salam dimek
to greet someone; salawmalekim
[salawma:lekim] interj How do you
do? Hello.; walekimessalam
[wa:lekimessala:m] cf:
essalawmalekim. n How do you do?
Walekimessalam, agdalary nhili?
Hello, how are you? [The older man
replies to essalawmalekim, saying this
phrase (see entry for
essalawmalekim).]
helm rul 4 n helm, tiller gmini ruly
ship's helm
helmet kaska n helmet Meni kakam
motory kaska gemn srr. My father
rides a motorbike without a helmet.;
lom n helmet
help arkalamak v to help each other,
support each other, assist, render; el
uzatmak (comp. of el) to help, support
Meni kyn gnmde meni dostum el
uzatdy. My friend helped me on my day
of need.; gazymak v to (help someone)
dig joa gazymak to help someone dig a
vegetable patch; gollanma 1 n aid, text
book, "help", handbook; goltgy n help,
support goltgy tapmak to find support
(from); hayr 2 n help, support, aid
hayr tapmak to be helpful, be profitable
comp. agzyy hayr amak ; kmek n
help, assistance, aid kmegi bilen with
the help of kmek bermek (etmek) to
help, to assist, to render aid/assistance
kmege gelmek to come to the aid kmege
agyrmak to call for help kmek edi!
help! ilkinji kmek first aid comp. tiz
kmek mayny ; kmeklemek v to
help, to render aid/assistance Ol kp pul
gazanmaga kmek edipdi. He has helped
to raise a lot of money.; medet adj help,
assistance, aid, support medet bermek to
help, render assistance Alla medet bersin!
May God help you!; ardam [a:rdam]
n help, support, assistance ardam etmek
to help, support ardam bermek to give
help, provide support
help distribute palamak 2
[pa:lamak] cf: palamak. v to help
somebody to distribute, help somebody

to dispense; help somebody to divide

gazetleri palamak to help somebody
to distribute the newspapers
helper hemaaty [hema:aty] n
assistant, supporter, helper, protector,
patron; kmeki 1 n helper, assistant
direktory kmekisi assistant director
direktory kmekisi dokumentleri jemledi
the assistant director collected the
documents comp. baglajy kmeki
comp. kmeki szler
helpful bap 2 [ba:p] n helpful Seni zi
alyp bary meni gwnme bap dl. Your
behaviour is not helpful for my heart.
hem et1 2 n edge, hem aglygy eti the
hem of a headscarf
hemp kendir n hemp, flax, marijuana
kendir p a rope made of hemp ki
dwrde kendirden dokalan mata gymmat
hasaplanypdyr. In ancient times linen
was considered expensive. (sem.
domains: 1.5 - Plant.)
hen house ketek 1 n hen-house, hen-coop
henceforth indi 2 adj in the future, from
this time onwards, henceforth indi bele
etme! Don't act like this in future!
henna hyna [hy:na] n henna
herald jary n messenger, town crier,
herald Jary Atabay touny dumlydua jar etdi. The herald announced
Atabay's wedding everywhere.
herb ot1 2 n herb nahara ot atmak to
garnish with herbs comp. ot-elek
bolmak
herbalist tebip [tebi:p] n herbalist,
traditional (folk) doctor
herdsmen maldar [ma:lda:r] n cattlebreeder, herdsman Maldarlar u yl kp
girdeji aldylar. This year herdsmen got a
lot of income.
here brde post here; bri 2 post here bri
gel come here please comp. bri bakmak
; brik [bri:k] adv here Brik gel! Come
here! Brik girmek in rite rugsat
gerek. In order to come in here you need
special permission. [motion towards];
bu erde adv here Bu erde ekilen kelem
gowy hasyl bermer. Cabbages sown
here don't grow well. bu erde
dermanhana erlerdi. There used to
be a pharmacy here. Bu erde nm

ta

150
gurluygy gidr?; butada1 adv here
(showing location) Butada duran gli
baga ere grmeli. The flower growing
here needs to be moved to a different
place. Bu tada ep tarapa wrmeli
dien bellik bar.; butada2 [bu'ta:da]
cf: ta. adv here, in this area olu bu
tasynda durmak gadagan. You're not
allowed to stand on this side of the
road. Butada gyzgyn negi gosa
stolu sti anar. If you put a hot teapot
here it will leave a mark on the table.
Butada sp oturan agajy bir gr nhili
owadan. Look at the trees that grow
here, how beautiful they are.; hanha here it is, here hanha ol gelr. Here he
is.; me interj here; here you are; here,
take it me, saa kitap here, a book for
you; ynha [ynha:] interj here! this!
Ynha, meni aaan erim. This is the
place where I live.
here and there elk-belk (comp. of
elk) adv here and there, there and
back elk gemek to move there; oanbuan [oa:n-bua:n] adj here and
there, all around oan-buan garamak to
look all around ahere gelen oglan oanbuan seretdi. The boy who came to the
city looked all arond. Olar meselni
oan-buan tarapyny maslahatladylar.
They looked at the question from
various angles.
here you are ine 1 interj here you are
hero gahryman [gahryma:n] n hero
Watany gahrymany. A national hero.
Gkdepe gahryman gala. Goekdepe is a
hero town. eper eseri gahrymany
fictional hero
heroism gahrymanylyk
[gahryma:nylyk] n heroism
gahrymanylyk grkezmek to show/
display heroism
hesitate adanmak v to hesitate, be
undecided, be indecisive jogap bermn
adanyp durmak to be slow in
answering adanman atmak to tell
something without losing a moment, tell
something at once
hidden grm-jrm adv hidden grmjrm bolmak to vanish, disappear, be
missing, be lost Nir grm-jrm
boldu? Where have you disappeared/

vanished to? grm-jrm etmek to hide,

put, do (with)
hide bukmak v to hide, conceal agala
howpsuzlygy in derman drileri hkman
el etmez erde bukup gomaly. To keep
children safe it's important to put the
medicines in a place where they can't
reach them. Gyzymy dogulan gnne
inden alyp goan sowgadyny bukup
godym. Bukup golan sjini tapdym.;
bukulmak v to hide, conceal oneself
birinden bukulmak to hide from
someone; burmak 3 v to hide behind
your back Jenaatyny tussag
edenlerinden so elini arkasyna burdular.
Mugallym sapak geende iki elini arkasyna
burup aaryk brik rer.; gizlemek 1
v to hide, conceal (something) kitaby
gizlemek to hide a book; gizlenmek v to
cover oneself, hide; aynmak 2 v to
hide, conceal Ony kafda ayrdylar.
They hid him in the cupboard. derrew
aynmak to conceal one's mouth with
one's scarf (women); ayrmak v to
hide, conceal abyy ayrmak to
conceal one's shortcomings; ygnamak
3 v hide; to hide, conceal, put away
hide shame aybyy yayrmak (comp.
of ayp) to hide one's shame to cover
up one's mistakes ; to pretend it's not
your fault
hidjra hijri n hidjra (Muslim lunar
calendar) hijri yl hasaby muslim
chronology [the beginning of muslim
chronology]
high beik 1 adj high, tall dagy beik
geri a mountains highest peak; dar 3
[da:r] adj high dar ses a high pitched
voice; okary 2 adj high okary hili
high quality
high class abraly 3 [a:braly] adj high
class, formal Abraly erde zi edepli
alyp barmaly. In high-class places, you
have to behave in a cultured fashion.
high pitched ine 2 [i:ne] adj highpitched, thin ine ses high-pitched voice
highest al1 [a:l] highest, very high, the
height Gn al-asmana ykdy. The sun
rose to its highest point.
highlands daglyk 1 [da:glyk] n highlands
Nepal giden daglyk. The highlands
approaching Nepal.

151

ama urmak
highly in adv very, highly, extremely,
greatly in gyzykly kitap very
interesting book in hmietli
extremely important
high-ranking wezipeli [wezi:peli] adj
having a job/post okary wezipeli highranking, holding a high post
hill depe 1 n hill, knoll, rise, hillock,
peak, mound beik depe high hill Biz
dagy depesine ykdyk. We went up to
the top of the mountain. Bizi depmizde
gular gamalaar. The birds are flying
over our heads. depesi gge etmek the
head reaches the sky. Lit. to be very
happy depesinden sowuk suw gulan aly
bolmak to hear unexpected bad news
depden gum sowurmak to work hard;
tmmek hill, mound; apy n hill apa
ykmak to go up the hill, ascend the hill
hill country
hills ulgam-ulgam (comp. of ulgam) n
hilly Kpetdagy eteginde ulgam-ulgam
bayrlar bar. There are many hills in the
foothills of the Kopetdag mountains.
hilly area bayrlyk n hills, hilly area Her
yl etraby etindki bayrlykda hasyl to
edilr. Each year a harvest festival is
celebrated on the edge of the region in
the hilly area. agydan so bayrlyk
tarapdan lemgoar grindi. After it rains
in the hills you can see lots of poppies.
himself z-zi himself, herself, itself
hindrance psgel 1 n hindrance, obstacle
psgel bermek to hinder (from), prevent
(from) swdada psgel bermek to hamper
trade
hinge petle n hinge
hint dil tutulmak (comp. of dil2) v to
keep silent, to hint Gorkudan aa dili
tutulup,esli wagtlap grlp bilmedi.
Because of fear he could not speak for a
long time.; syzdyrmak1 v to hint
rekden syzdyrmak to say something
with all one's heart; tymsal 1 [tymsa:l]
n hint; azytmak v to hint (at), allude
(to), let (someone) know z pikirii iki
agyz szde azytmagy baarmak juda
wajypdyr. It is important to be able to
hint your words in a nutshell.
hip uluk n hip haanda oturanymda men
ulugymy agyrtdym When I sat down I

hurt my hip. {anatomy} comp. uluk

ski
hire hakyna tutmak v to hire, to rent
hakyna tutma i hired labour hakyna
tutma ii hired worker, wage earner
hakyna tutma ganhor hired assassin
mayny hakyna tutmak to rent the car
hired hand gnlki n hired hand, daylabourer gnlki bolup ilemek to work
as day-labourer gnlki aal
charwoman, woman hired by the day
[workman hired by the day]
historian taryhy n historian
historical taryhy [ta:ry:y] adj historical
history taryh [ta:ry:h] n history
hit alynmak v to hit, knock; el
galdyrmak (comp. of el) to raise one's
hand, to hit/strike Salaw geirmek in
el galdyrala. For to conduct elections
let's raise our hands. Tertipli bol, ki el
galdyrmak utan bolar. Be disciplined! It
is shame to raise one's hand against
someone. ; urmak 1 v to hit, beat, flog,
thump umruk bilen urmak to thump
(something or someone) Sen bir okda iki
towany urjak bolma, ilki bir iii et, sora
belekisini. Don't try and hit two rabbits
with one shot, first do one thing, then
another. emen Kuwwaty uranda, ol
aglar oturardy. When Chemen hit Kuwat,
he used to cry. Goymy bet iti stme
topylanso taak bilen urdum. When my
neighbour's crazy dog attacked me, I hit
it with a stick. umruklap urmajak bolup,
dulugyna bir arpyk aldy. Rather than
beat him with his fists, he slapped him
in the face. comp. agyz urmak comp.
azm urmak comp. hars urmak comp.
Huda ursun! comp. kk urmak comp.
zi oda urmak comp. rek urmak
comp. sowuk urmak tok urmak comp.
urup amak comp. ama urmak
hit hard elmemek 2 v to hit hard
kellesine elmp gobermek to start
hitting someone on the head
hoarse garyyk 2 [ga:ryyk] adj hoarse,
husky Onu sesi garyyk ykar. He
speaks hoarsely. (i.e from a sore throat)
hold saklamak 1 v to hold, keep elide
saklamak to hold in the hand; saklamak
5 v to hold, keep birinjiligi saklamak to
hold the first place tertibi saklamak to

tutmak tutmak
keep to the order berhiz saklamak to
keep to a diet goun saklamak to
maintain an army; tutmak 3 v to hold
to tutmak to hold a wedding comp.
tutmak tutmak
hold council geemek 1 v to hold
council zara ertleri biz geedik. We
hold council the conditions between us
beforehand.
hole deik 1 n hole, opening, slit, pore,
puncture; kwek hole, cave Meni
diimde kwek bar. There is a cavity in
my tooth. olar dagy gazyp, zlerine kwek
edindiler. They dug themselves a cave in
the mountain.
holiness mukaddeslik n holiness,
sacredness; sanctity Watany
garasyzlygyny goramak mukaddeslik
hasaplanar. It is considered holiness to
protect Independence of country.
hollow ouk [o:uk] adj hollow, cut, dug
out ouk aga hollow tree
holy mukaddes 1 adj holy, sacred
mukaddes bor sacred duty Mukaddes
Kitap Holy Bible Mukaddes er Holy
place
holy man hoja n holy man
home ketek 2 n home ketekli-ketegie
dargamak to go home eeryone
{colloq}; mekan 2 [meka:n] cf:
mesgen. n place of residence, home,
abode mekan tutmak to settle down
comp. belli bir mekany ok ; mesgen
cf: mekan. n habitation, home mesgen
tutmak to settle down, begin to live (in
some place)
home lover dei n a home lover,
someone who likes to be at home akup
yuwa hem dei adam bolup etidi.
Jacob grew up as a quiet man who liked
to be at home.
homeland dyar 1 n fatherland,
motherland, homeland; watan 1 n
home country, fatherland, motherland
meni watanym my fatherland watana
bolan sgi love for your motherland
homeless biwatan [bi:watan] n homeless,
without a country; urtsyz [u:rtsyz]
adj homeless urtsuz galanlara hkmet
kp kmek etdi. Government made a lot
of efforts for homeless people.

152
honest ak gwnli 2 (comp. of ak,
gwnli) honest; ak rek (comp. of
rek) honest; dogruyl 1 adj honest,
straightforward dogruyl adam an honest
person Dogruyl adam die hakykaty
adar. An honest person only speaks the
truth. Dogruyl garay
garany,agy,agyny,amany sagarar. An
honest opinion discriminates between
white and black, between good and
bad.; dogry 2 adj truthful, honest,
righteous, upright dogry adam upright
man dogry i honest toil dogry tapmak to
find righteous Dogry adamy i
halamaan gylyklary birisi alan szdir.
One of the things most disliked by an
honest person is a lie. Kasym ogurlykda
grnmez, eli dogry hem akylly oglan.
Kasym would never steal, he is an
honest and clever boy. comp. dogry
gelmek comp. dogrydan gel ; eli
arassa (comp. of el) honest Nurmyrat
ogurlyk edendir dmok,onu eli arassa.
I do not think Nurmyrat robbed anyone,
he is an honest man.; halal 2 [hala:l]
adj honest, conscientious, honourable
halal adam honest person halal gazan
honest earnings Halaly bolsun! Well
done!; imanly [i:ma:nly] adj honest
imanly adam honest person; jr adj neat,
accurate, conscientious, honest,
responsible Meni daym iine jr adam.
My uncle is a conscientious worker.
honestness pklik [pklik] n honestness,
truthfulness
honesty dzlk2 n honesty, moral purity
honey bal1 1 [bal] n honey comp. bal aly
honour ar-namys [a:r-na:mys] n honour,
dignity, conscience; hezzetlemek v to
do honour (to), offer hospitality, to
show respect, to make a feast myhmany
hezzetlemek to show hospitality to a
guest; namys 1 [na:mys] n honour,
integrity Namys ynsany bezegidir.
Honour is humankind's decoration.
namysyy alykdan goramaly Your
honour should be built up from your
youth. watany namysyny goramak to
protect the honour of your country
comp. namysyna degmek comp.
namysyny depgilemek ; sylag 1 [sy:lag]

153

ee bolmak
n honour, respect, esteem sylag almak to
be awarded, to gain an award; sylaghormat n honour and respect
honourable namysja [na:mysja] adj
honourable Trkmen gelin-gyzlary
namysja. Turkmen women are
honourable.; namysly [na:mysly] adj
honourable, honest namysly adam a man
of honour
honoured one hezret n a title of honour
and respect for important people
hoof tonak n hoof
hook eek 1 n fishing-hook, hook
eek bilen balyk tutmak eek
talamak cast the line, put the line out;
garak n hook garakdan asmak to
hang something up on a hook garaga
dnmek to get thin; tirkemek v to hook
on, couple, hitch
hook eye ildirgi hook and eye
hoop guraw n hoop, circle daky guraw
the environment
hope tama [tama:] adv hope, desire;
umyt 1 [umy:t] n hope Men ekzamenii
tabyrarsy diip umyt edn. I hope you
will pass your exams. comp. umydyy
zmek comp. umyt baglamak comp.
umyt etmek comp. umytdan gamak ;
ynanmak 3 cf: ynandyrmak. v to hope
(for), rely (on) Men sen gelersi diip
ynandym. I hoped for your coming.
hopeless alasyz 2 [ala:syz] adj
hopeless, desperate Men berhizi alasyz
tutaryn. I have to keep to my diet.;
ykgynsyz adj hopeless, desperate Ol
ykgynsyz agdaa ddi. He could see
no way out.
hopelessness alasyzlyk [ala:syzlyk] n
hopelessness, desperation; umytsyzlyk
[umy:tsyzlyk] n hopelessness Gzel
durmuda kelebi ujuny itirip,
umytsyzlyk bilen aaardy. Gozel was
living in hopelessness after losing the
meaning of life.
horizon gzetim 1 n horizon grnn
gzetim visible horizon
horizontal kese 1 adj horizontal kese
yzyk a horizontal line kese yzyk dash
{grammar} comp. zi kese sowmak
horn ah n horn

horrible nejis 2 [neji:s] adj horrible nejis

duman horrible enemy
horse at2 [at] n horse at apmak to race a
horse (fig. and lit.) at atak horse stable,
stall at gmi a turn (in chess) at gji
horse power at zli horse-shaped face
(oval, long face) comp. aty gulagy aly
; bedew 1 n steed, horse Ahalteke
bedewleri sayrdy bolar. Ahalteke
horses stand out as something special.;
gylaly [gyla:ly] n horse-breeder;
aby n horse Traktordan abylar
dahanlar in esasy ii gji bolupdyr.
Before tractors horses were the main
work power for farmers.; ylky n horse
ylky srsi herd of horses ylky srsi
otlukda otlap rdi. Horses were
arsoning in the meadow.
horse breeding atylyk n horse-breeding
atylyk ferma stud farm
horse-cloth jul 1 n horse-cloth comp.
juldan ykmak
horseman atly1 1 [atly] n horseman atly
adam horse rider; atynas [atyna:s] n
horseman, jockey
hospitable myhmanser
[my:hma:nser] adj hospitable,
welcoming myhmanser adam
hospitable person myhmanser magala
hospitable family
hospital hassahana n hospital Praktiki
tejribni umumyladyrmak in talyplary
hassahana ugratdylar. The students were
sent to hospital to summarise hospital
practice.; keselhana [keselha:na] n
hospital keselhana gitmek to go to
hospital keselhanada atmak to be in
hospital keselhanadan ykmak to be
discharged from hospital; syrkawhana
[syrkawha:na] hospital
hospitality myhmanserlik
[my:hma:nserlik] n hospitality
Trkmenleri arasynda myhmanserlik
okary. Hospitality is high among
turkmens.
host ee 3 n host (of a party) eesi
host(ess) urdu eesi the host of the
country. comp. ee bolmak ; eesi 1
n host, the person inviting {guests}
hostage esir 2 [esi:r] n

gze yssy grnmek

hostel atakhana 1 [atakha:na] n hostel,
dormitory atakhanada aamak to live
in a hostel
hot gyzgyn 2 adj hot; yssy adj hot yssy
howa hot weather yssy tomus hot
summer Bu gn gaty yssy. It is very hot
today. comp. gze yssy grnmek
hotel myhmanhana 1 [my:hma:nha:na]
cf: ot-p. n hotel, inn myhmanhanada
erlemek to obtain a room in a hotel;
otel hotel Bizi urdumyzda eneme
dwrebap oteller guruldy. Many modern
hotels were built in our country.
hot-tempered gaharja adj hot-tempered,
angry
hour's sagatlyk1 [sa:gatlyk] adv an hour's
worth edi sagatlyk seven hours sekiz
sagatlyki gn eight hours working day
house 1 n house, dwelling, home de
at home gulary poultry agalar i
children's home, orphanage gara yurt
aryny i beehive hawanlary
domestic animals meni m home, my
house ii homework, housework
eesi host(ess) gulary poultry
[bamboo-framed and felt-covered
Turkmen dome-shaped collapsible
dwelling] comp. lmi nde comp.
tutmak comp. ni ykmak ; palata
3 n House, Chamber Swda palatasy
Chamber of Commerce Obinalar
palatasy House of Commons Lordlar
palatasy House of Lords {political}; tam
[ta:m] n house pagsa tam mud-brick
house comp. ! Tamda gulak bar.
how nene Pronoun how Onu naly
nene? How is she?; ndip adv how Sen
ndip mayn alyp bildi? How could you
buy a car?; nhili 1 Pronoun how?
Nhili-ow? How are you doing?
agdalary nhili? How are things?;
niik how, in this way her niik
nonetheless, in any case agday niik?
How are you?
how many ne Pronoun how much, how
many ygnaga ne adam geldi? How
many people came to the meeting? Wagt
ne? What's the time? Gawuny bahasy
ne? How much do the melons cost?
{dial. Ashgabat}

154
however weli1 1 conjunction however, but
Ol geldi weli, sen okdu. He came, but
you were not here.
howl uwlamak 1 v to howl Gije lde
mjekler uwlaarlar. Wolves howl at
night. Gije el uwlap soam erbet agy
balandy. At night the wind howled and
then it started to rain heavily. {animals,
wind}
hubbub owhun n shouts of celebration,
hubbub
hug basmak 2 v to hug Ene zak wagt
grmedik balasyny bagryna basdy. The
mother hugged the child she hadn't seen
for ages. say. Ody ze bas, tmese
kesek comp. zne basmak ;
gujaklamak v to hug, embrace
huge girt adj huge, enormous, vast,
tremendous girt uly very big; pet adj
huge, enormous; mhnet adj huge, vast,
enormous, colossal mhnet hawan
enormous animal mhnet gwre giant
body; ullakan [ullaka:n] [ullaha:n] adj
huge, massive, large, king-sized Nart
daza ogly Mekanam ullakan oglan
bolupdyr. Aunt Nartach's son Mekan has
grown into a very big boy. ullakan
zgerilik massive reforms ullakan
tapawut a huge difference ullakan alym
great scientist Bizi mizde ullakan
sorag keserip durar. We are faced with a
major problem. Merdan bilen Bibini
tolarynda klasdalary ullakan tort sowgat
etdiler. At Merdan's and Bibi's wedding
party their classmates gave them a huge
cake as a present. Tze A doganda
kiijek, ne 3 hepdeden sora ullakan A
bolar. When the new moon appears, it
is tiny, but after 3 weeks it becomes
huge. Nkeri gzleri ullakan hem
owadan. Noker's eyes are large and
beautiful. Trkmenistan Bitaraplygyny
alanyndan so Trkmenistan
Konstitusasyna ullakan tgemeler
girizildi. After gaining its neutrality,
massive changes were made to
Turkmenistan's constitution. kde
basketbolistleri boy ullakan, ne
gimnastiklary boy bolsa kiijek.
Professional basketball players are very
tall, but gymnasts are short.; ummasyz
2 [umma:syz] adj huge Bal arylary bir
magalasynda ummasyz arylar bar. One

155

rsiz
family of honeybees is made up of a
countless number of bees. Trkmenbay
adyndaky kitaphanada ummasyz kitaplar
erler. The Turkmenbashy library has
got countless books. heri zgerdip,
beik binalar galdyrmak in ummasyz pul
harlanar. Limitless money is spent to
change the city and build high
buildings.
humane ynsanlyk 2 [ynsa:nlyk] cf:
ynsanperwerlik. n humane Ynsanlyk
dugulary bolmadyk adam ynsan dldir.
The one who does not have humane
feelings is not human.; ynsanperwer
[ynsa:nperwer] adj humane, benevolent,
compassionate Ol juda ynsanperwer
adam. He is very compassionate person.
humaneness adamylyk [a:damylyk]
adj humaneness
humanity ynsanlyk 1 [ynsa:nlyk] cf:
ynsanperwerlik. n humanity Bir-birie
kmek etmek ynsanlyk borjy. To help
each other is the duty of humanity. ;
ynsanperwerlik cf: ynsanlyk.
humanity Ynsanperwerlik ilerini erine
etiren adam bereket gazanar. The one
who does works of humanity will gain
prosperity.
humankind adamzat [a:damza:t] n
humanity, humankind, people
humble kayl 3 [ka:yl] adj humble; pes
gwnli 1 (comp. of gwnli, pes)
humble, modest; pespl adj humble
humour umor ['umor] cf: wilik. n
humour Onu gowy umorylyk dugusy
bar. He has good humour sense.
hundred z1 num one hundred, hundred
z manat one hundred manat alty z
z manat six hundred and fifty
thousand manat
hung asylmak 1 v to be hung, be on
asylgy duran egin-eik clothes that have
been hung
hunger alyk 1 [a:lyk] n hunger
Alygymdan lp bararyn! I'm dying of
hunger! alyk yglan etmek to go on a
hunger strike

hungry a [a:] adj hungry Men irden bri

hi zat imnso gaty a. I am very
hungry not eating anything since
morning.; ajykmak [a:jykmak] v to be
hungry
hunt awlamak [a:wlamak] v to hunt aw
awla to hunt game
hunter awy [a:wy] n hunter
hurdle psgel 2 n obstacle, hurdle
{sports}
hurl down indermek 2 v to hurl down
hli ayplamalary onu stnden
inderdiler. They hurled down all blames
on him.
hurrah! ura [ura:] interj hurrah! Ura!
agy didi! Hurrah! The rain has
stopped!
hurricane tupan 1 [tupa:n] n hurricane,
tornado; flood
hurriedly howlukma adj hurriedly,
hastily, hastily, quickly, rushed
hurry gyssamak 1 v to hurry someone,
hasten, make someone hurry;
hadamak v rush, race, hurry hadap
ilemek to work quickly and
vigourously; howlukmak v to hurry, to
be in a hurry, to hasten, to rush
Howlukma. Don't hurry! Ol howlukma:n
gepler. He doesn't speak quickly.
hurt agyrmak [a:gyrmak] v to hurt, ache;
agyrtmak [a:gyrtmak] v to hurt, cause
pain; awundyrmak [a:wundyrmak] v to
hurt; ynjatmak cf: ynjamak2. v to
insult, offend Biri-birii ynjatsa hi
haan bagt tapmarsy. If you insult each
other, you will never find happiness.
hurtful words ajy sz (comp. of ajy)
hurtful thing(s), hateful word(s),
insult(s)
husband adam 2 [a:dam] n husband onu
adamsy her husband {colloq} comp.
adam bolmak comp. adam etmek ; r 1
n husband onu ri her husband r-aal
husband and wife r-hele husband and
wife comp. rli comp. rsiz

Bikrden tary bizar

Ii

I men Pronoun I meniki mine maa to/for

me mende kitap bar I have a book ol
menden pul aldy he got money from me
Men regime dwdm. I've made up my
mind. Men gwnme dwen zadymy
erine etirrin. I do what I planned.
ice buz [bu:z] n ice Buzu stnde tamak
ele bir hezil. Ice-skating is so
enjoyable. Gyda jay depesindki
sallanyp duran buzlar rn howply.
ice cream dodurma n ice-cream
ice-cream buzgamak n ice-cream
idea dnje 1 n idea, notion, concept,
opinion, thought (intellectual) tebigat
bilimi barada dnje almak To gain
understanding of nature. Edn ii
hakda dnj bolmasa ii harap bolar.
If you don't have a notion of what you
are doing, all your efforts will be in
vain. ylyrymly dnjeden bir many
alyp bolmaar. It is difficult to make
sense of a complex concept. Her aga
z dnjesi bar. Each child has its own
ideas. Ol uniwersitetde okanynda gi
dnje toplapdyr. He learnt a lot during
his studies at the University. Gi
dnjeli adamdan beren soragya jogap
alyp bolar. One can get an answer to
any question from a person with a
broad outlook. ; idea n idea, notion,
concept, theme romany ideasy main
theme of a novel; o2 [o:] n idea,
thought oa batmak to be deep in
thought Meni kellme bir o geldi. It
occurred to me.
identity ahs n identity, personality;
individual
idle bikr [bi:kr] adj idle Maksat bikr
durmuda aamagy isler. Maksat
wants an idle life. say. Bikrden tary
bizar ; altanmak v to be lazy, idle bir
ere gitmge altanmak to be lazy to go
somewhere
idolater butparaz idolater
idolatry irk n idolatry, worship of idols
if it so happens bardy-geldi conjunction if
it so happens that, if (by chance) Bardy-

156

geldi iim ugruksa, men ba bolaryn. If it

so happens that my business takes off, I
will be rich.; eger conjunction if eger...
bolsa, dimek... if... then... eger-de if (for
example)... eger islese, a ieli. if you
want, let;s drink a tea. Eger-de bu ele
bolsa, bizi gatnaygymyz kesiler. If it is
like this, then our relations will cut off.;
hli 3 - if
ignorance bilmezlik n ignorance, lack of
knowledge rus dilini bilmezlik lack of
knowledge of the Russian language; not
knowing Russian bilmezlige salmak to
pretend that one knows nothing Meni
kiijik jigim mekir, bilmezlige salyp edesi
gelen zadyny edr. My younger sibling
is cunning, he pretends he is innocent
but does what he wants.; gapyllyk 1
[ga:pyllyk] n ignorance, lack of
information gapyllykda gomak to leave
someone uninformed gapyllykda galmak
lost in ignorance; nadanlyk 1
[na:da:nlyk] n ignorance Nadanlyk bize
tze ylmy aylary zledirmge psgel
berr. Ignorance gets in the way of us
making new scientific discoveries.
ignorant nadan 1 [na:da:n] adj
uneducated, ignorant nadan millet
uneducated nation hat-sowatsyz nadan
galmak to remain illiterate and
uneducated
ignore harlamak 1 v to disregard, ignore,
neglect Bu igit atasyny beren wdini
harlady. This boy disregarded his
father's advice.
ill bred edepsiz adj ill-bred, lacking
manners
illegal bikanun [bi:ka:nu:n] cf:
kanunsyz. adj illegal, illicit Goymyz
jemgyeltilik tertip-dzgni bozup,
bikanun hereket edr. Our neighbour
broke society's rules and acted illegally.
Teroristler uary basyp alyp, bikanun
talaplary etdiler. Terrorists hijacked a
plane and made illegal demands.;
kanunsyz [ka:nu:nsyz] cf: bikanun. adj
illegal, unlawful Daary urtlardan
kanunsyz kitaplar getirmek gadagan. It is

157

ahlak tadan bozuk aal

forbidden to bring books from foreign
countries illegally.
illegally epde (comp. of ep) on the left;
illegal(ly), unofficial Onu bilen aram
ep. Relations with him are unofficial.
Ol meni ep elimden gelr. epine atyp
turan aly
ill-intentioned betniet adj illintentioned, villainous, with criminal
intent Betniet adamy soy
jenaatylykly i we zyndan bolar. The
end of a villain will be criminal acts and
prison.; dertli adj ill, sick, delicate,
sickly dertli halda in a delicate state
dertli adam sick person; grmsiz adj
ill-bred, badly brought up grmsiz
adam ill-bred person
ill-intentioned betniet adj illintentioned, villainous, with criminal
intent Betniet adamy soy
jenaatylykly i we zyndan bolar. The
end of a villain will be criminal acts and
prison.; dertli adj ill, sick, delicate,
sickly dertli halda in a delicate state
dertli adam sick person; grmsiz adj
ill-bred, badly brought up grmsiz
adam ill-bred person; pliaman adj illintentioned pliaman adam illintentioned person Pliaman adamdan
gowy zada garama. Don't expect
anything from an ill-intentioned
person.; zandyaman adj illintentioned, ill-mannered zandyaman
adam a person with bad intentions
illiterate elipbiden ermende (comp. of
elipbi) completely illiterate/ignorant;
elipden ermende ( elipbi) to be
completely illiterate; kr 2 [k:r] adj
illiterate, uneducated Ilaty kp blegi
okap-azyp bilenok. A large percentage
of the population is illiterate. comp. kr
kpksiz ; okuwsyz adj uneducated,
illiterate Hzirki wagtda okuwsyz adam
az. Ap present there are less people
uneducated.; sowatsyz adj illiterate
illness keselilik n illness, disease Gy
dse, agalarda keselilik balanar.
When winter comes, children get sick.;
nsaglyk 1 n illness; disease; sickness
Nsaglyk esasan hapaylykdan drer.
Illness is basically created via [contact
with] dirt.

image didar 2 [di:da:r] n image, aspect,

look; kep n image, appearance,
likeness onu z kebi owadan his facial
appearance is attractive kebii
tgetmek to change one's appearance
kebinde in someone's likeness
imagination hyal 2 [hya:l] n fantasy,
imagination
imitate knmek v to imitate adyma
knmek to imitate a singer
immediate nagt 2 adj immediate nagt
jogap an immediate answer nagt pul
immediately bada [ba:da] adj at once, at
one stroke, as soon as, immediately Buz
at aanda, ol bada adamlar stne
bardy. As soon as the ice started
cracking, people walked on it. Hawanat
bagynda mamynlara alma uzadada, ol
bada alarlar. In a zoo, as soon as the
apples are handed out, the monkeys
take them. Polaroid fotoapparaty suraty
ol bada ykarar. A polaroid camera
outputs photos immediately. comp.
bada-bat ; bada-bat [ba:da-ba:t] (comp.
of bada) adv immediately, at once
Mugallymy beren soragyna okuwylar
bada-bat jogap berrdiler. The students
immediately answered the teacher's
questions.; dessine adj immediately, as
soon as, at once Ol gelen dessine men
adaryn. I will tell you as soon as he
comes.
immoral ahlaksyz [ahla:ksyz] adj
immoral; azgyn1 [a:zgyn] adj immoral,
corrupt azgyn adam person easily
swayed to do wrong azgyn ara very
"aggressive" wound that keeps
spreading; bozuk1 2 adj immoral bozuk
aal loose woman, immoral woman
comp. ahlak tadan bozuk aal
impatience sabyrsyzlyk n impatience
sabyrsyzlyk etmek to show impatience
sabyrsyzlyk bilen garamak to wait
without patience
impatient ydamsyz 1 adj impatient
ydamsyz adam impatient person;
sabyrsyz adj impatient sabyrsyz aga
impatient child
impeccable kemsiz adj impeccable,
faultless, flawless Ol ilis dilini kemsiz
gepler. His English is impeccable. Bir
kemsiz gzel bolmaz. There is no beauty

Myhman atadan uly

without defect. (sem. domains: 3.5.4.2 Saying, proverb.)
impermissible action bidin 1 [bi:di:n]
adj without permission, without consent
menden bidin without my knowledge,
without my consent
impersonate agza knmek (comp. of
agyz) to impersonate, imitate
implement durmua geirmek (comp. of
geirmek) v to put into effect,
implement, bring about, fulfil, carry out
Maksatlarymyzy durmua geirmek in
biz kp yhlas etmeli. We must do our best
to bring it about in our time.
import import ['import] n import import
etmek to import
importance wajyplyk [wa:jyplyk] n
importance, vitality, necessity, actuality
meselni wajyplygy importance of the
topic Terbini wajyplygy z-znden
dnkli. Importance of attitude is
clear. ; zerurlyk [zeru:rlyk] n
importance, necessity zerurlygy ok It is
not necessary Eger bir zerurlyk ze
yksa maa habar beri. If there is
importance, then call me.
important hmietli adj important,
significant hmietli i important task;
jogapkrli [joga:pkrli] adj important,
serious, crucial jogapkrli wagt the
crucial moment; mhm 1 adj
important, crucial, weighty; significant,
noteworthy; consequential; necessary
mhm mesele important issue I mhm
zat olary nireden gelendiklerini bilmekdir.
The important thing is to discover
where they have come from.; uly 3 adj
important heri baramylygyna baga
urtlardan uly myhmanlar geldi. Many
important guests from other countries
came to the celebration in the city. say.
Myhman atadan uly say. Myhman
atadan uly comp. ula gitmek comp. ula
tutmak comp. uludan dem almak comp.
uludan-ki comp. ululy-kiili comp. uly
geplemek comp. uly-kii ; wajyp 1
[wa:jyp] adj important wajyp meseleler
important issues Agyz suwy - wajyp
mesele. Drinking water is an important
issue.; zerur 1 [zeru:r] adj important
zerur hasaplamak to consider something
important

158
impoverished hor-zar [ho:r-za:r] (comp.
of hor2) adj impoverished, needy hor
bolmak to be in need of something, be
hard-up
ImpPlur -y 2 ImpPlur
impress tsir galdyrmak (comp. of
galdyrmak2) to impress

improper gabahat adj improper,

indecent, outrageous gabahat i etmek to
do something indecent zi gabahat
alyp barmak to behave improperly, to do
something shocking; geliksiz 2 adj
indecent, improper, obscene, showing a
lack of proper upbringing, showing a
lack of culture geliksiz i improper act
improve dzetmek 1 v to improve,
ameliorate aramaz agdada duran zaly
dzedip,ulanmaga berildi. The hall was
opened for use after improvements were
made to its dilapidated state. etiigi pes
okuwylar bilen gomaa taarlanyp
etiigi dzetdiler. They significantly
improved the performance of low
achieving pupils. ; gowulandyrmak v
to improve, make/do something better;
gowulanmak 1 v to improve nmi
hili gowulandy. The product has
improved in quality.; gowuladyrmak v
to improve; gowulamak 1 v to
improve (gradually), become better Iler
gowulaar. Things are looking up.;
oalmak v to improve, become better,
take a turn for the better Onu durmuy
oalyp balady. His life has begun to
improve.; ugrukmak 2 v to improve
Birinji synpda okaan Mekany hatlary
entegem ugruganok. The first grade
student Mekan's handwriting has still
not improved. Indi elim tikine
ugruganso, baga gyz-gelinleri
kneklerinem tikrin. As my sewing
skills have improved I am sewing other
girls' dresses as well. Swdam
ugrukmanso, indi men baga ie
balamaky. As my treaty business did
not succeed, I will try another job.
Swdam ugrukmanso, indi men baga ie
balamaky. As my treaty business did
not succeed, I will try another job.;
agylamak v to improve, to become
better (gradually), to take a turn for the
better Onu agday agylady. His

159

ahry
health has improved.; okarlanmak 2 v
to improve, take a turn for the better
Halky agday okarlanar. Life of the
people is improving.
improvements abadanylyk 2
[abada:nylyk] n improvements,
modern amenities ertitremeden so
herde abadanylyk ilerini geirdiler.
They did improvements after
earthquake in the city.
impudent bihaar adj insolent, impudent
in
in all umuman 2 [umu:man] conjunction
on the whole, in all, overall Umuman
adamda men u gn esli i edipdim.
Overall I did plenty of work today. Sen
umuman ol krhanada ne sagat
iledi? How much hours did you work
on that company in all?
in debt bergidar [bergida:r] adj in debt,
debtor Birine bergidar bolmak gowy dl.
It's not good to be in debt to someone.;
bergili bolmak v to be in debt, owe
money Baarsa adama bergili bolmaly
dl. If you are able it's better not to get
into debt. Huday nde bergili bolmak
gn. To be in debt is a sin against God.
[especially when you die - all debts
have to be paid off]; borly 1 [bo:rly]
adj in debt, indebted, owing somebody
something Birini nde borly bolmagy
halamok. I don't want to be in debt to
anyone.
in front alyn 2 [a:lyn] n in front Okuwy
mugallymy alnyna geip oturdy. The
student passed by the front of the
teacher and sat down. comp. alnyndan
diremek ; gabat 2 adj in front of Ol
jay gabadynda aga ekdi. He planted a
tree in front of the house. comp. gabat
gelmek
in future ikilen 2 adj in the future, for
the future, henceforth ikilen bele etme!
Don't behave like this in the future!
in good mood kepli 1 adj in a good
mood kepli bolmak being in a good
mood, being in high spirits
in good repair dzw 2 adj in good
repair dzw motor an engine in good
repair Telewizorymyz kne bolsa-da,
dzw. Even though our TV is old, it
still works properly.

in honour of mynasybetli
[myna:sy:betli] adj on the occasion (of),
in honour (of), in connection (with)
patya z doglan gni mynasybetli... the
king on the occasion of his birthday...
nme mynasybetli? in what connection?
in hurry gyssanmak v to be in a hurry,
hurry, hasten ie gyssanmak to hurry to
the work Ol rn gyssanar He is in a
great hurry Gyssany! Hurry up!
in its place erine (comp. of er) to/in
its place Kitaplary erine go. Put the
books back in their place.
in law gayn [ga:yn] adj in-law Olar
meni gaynlarym. They are my in-laws
in order to in 3 [i:n] post in order to
Gij galmazlyk in biz irrk ugradyk. We
started early in order not to be late.
Garaky bolany in yra akdym. I
turned on the lights because it was
dark. Gar agany in men pyada
gezelen etdim. Due to the snowfall I
have walked on foot. Watan in
gremek To fight for the fatherland.
Garasyzlyk in jan ekmek Struggling
for independence. seni in for you
in pieces blek-blek (comp. of blek)
in(to) pieces, in parts Kiijek piigimiz
gazedi blek-blek edip yrtyp onaar.
Our kitten tears the newspaper into
pieces and plays with them.
in Russian orsa cf: rusa. adv in Russian
Men orsa gowy grlp bilemok. I can't
speak russian well.; rusa cf: orsa. adv
in Russian rusa geplemek to speak
Russian
in the end ahry (dial. var. of ahyryn) in
the end; ahyryn [a:hyry:n] ( dial. var.
ahry) (comp. of ahyry) adv in the end
Men awtobus in kp garadym. Ahyry
pyada gitdim. I waited a long time for
the bus. In the end I went by foot.
in the evening gilik [gi:lik] adj in the
evening gilik klubda ygnak boljak. In
the evening a meeting will be held in
the club. Men gilik size bararyn. I will
come to you in the evening.
in the field of bouna 2 post in the field
of, in the sphere of komputer bouna
alym an expert in the field of computing

biwagt
in tune sazlamak 2 [sa:zlamak] v to be
in tune
inaccurate harsal [ha:rsal] adj rough,
coarse, inaccurate, crude, dirty harsal
azmak to write inaccurately
inappropriate bija1 4 [bi:ja:] adv
inappropriate eper filmde bija er
denligi sebpli, filmi souny agalara
grkezmedim. I didn't show the end of
the film to the kids as it seemed to me it
had some inappropriate moments.;
bimahal [bi:mahal] cf: biwagt. adj
inappropriate, unexpected Barlagylar
bimahal wagt geldiler. The inspectors
came when you least expected them.
Gndiz bimahal atyp, gije wagty bilen
uklap bilmedim. I slept when I shouldn't
have during the daytime, then couldn't
sleep at night. Myhmanylyga bimahal
barmak geliksiz. It's not appropriate to
go visiting unexpected.
incident waka 2 [wa:ka:] n anecdote,
incident gyzykly waka amusing incident
garaylmadyk waka unexpected situation
inclination
inclined meilli adj inclined (to),
disposed (to), having intention (to) Ol
hemie arak imge meilli. He is always
having intention to drink alcogol.
include girizmek 2 [gi:rizmek] v to
include, join, put into programma
girizmek to put/include someone in the
programme comp. teklip girizmek
incomparable desiz-tasyz adj
incomparable, matchless
inconvenient amatsyz 1 [a:matsyz] adj
inconvenient, unsuitable,
uncomfortable; oasyz 2 adj
inconvenient, unsuitable, wrong;
unfavourable oasyz pursat wrong
moment
incorrect ndogry 1 adj incorrect, wrong,
false ndogry szlem ungrammatical/
wrong sentence Ol grkezme berende,
ndogry zatlary adardy. As he was
giving the instructions, what he was
saying was wrong. comp. ndogry
hereket etmek
increase artdyrmak v to increase,
enlarge; artmak 1 v to increase, grow
up; to produce an excess Girdeji

160
ykdajydan artdy. The income is larger
than the expenses.; kpelmek cf:
kpeltmek. v to increase, to multiply
Ilaty sany barha kpelr. The
population increases gradually.;
kpeltmek 1 cf: kpelmek. v to
increase, to extend, to augment comp.
gepii kpeltmek ; ulalmak 2 v to
increase, to grow; to grow up, to
increase, to become proud Nzik i
wezipesinde ba hasapy bolup ulalypdyr.
Nazik became proud after she got
profession of accountant. Men zm
ulalsamam, regim entegem agaky. In
spite of I grew up, my heart is still as
child's. Men mamam bilen babamy elinde
ulaldym. I grew up in the hands of my
grandparents. agalar ulalsalar-da, eneatasy in olar entegem kiijik aga aly.
Even though children grew up, they are
as little child for their parents.
{negative}; ulaltmak 1 v to increase, to
enlarge, to expand, to add on to ary
aga ekin medanyny ulaltmak in
dahan birleiginden gomaa er aldy.
Uncle Chary took additional land from
the farmer's union, in order to expand
his garden. Bize myhman gelse biz
stolumyzy ulaldarys. When guests visit
us, we extend our dining table.
Jaymyzy ulaldyp gurmak in kn pul
gerek. Swda dkanymy ulaltmak in
bankdan karz pul aldym. I took a loan
from the bank in order to expand my
shop. Bize myhman gelse, biz stolumyzy
ulaldarys. When guests visit us, we
extend our dinner table. comp. szi
ulaltmak
increased galdyrylmak 2 v to be
increased regi bahasy galdyryldy. The
cost of bread was increased.
increasingly barha [barha:] adj ever
more, increasingly Kerwen barha
akynlayp barardy. The camel train
came ever closer.
indebted
indecency uat 2 n indecency Trkmen
halya uat bolar arkany ayk knek
gemek. It would be indecent for
Turkmen girls to wear open-backed
dresses. olar aly knek gemek
hkmanmy, apydyr uat erlerini. It is

161

grkezme alymasy
vital when wearing open dresses like
that to cover your indecent places.
indefinite gmrtik adj indefinite, vague,
unclear gmrtik jogap bermek to give an
evasive answer
indent ak setir (comp. of setir) indent
independant zygtyarly [:zygtya:rly]
cf: zbadak. adj independant
independence bitaraplyk2 cf: dekabr.
independence; garasyzlyk n
independence syasy we ykdysady
garasyzlyk political and economical
independence; zbadaklyk
[:zbadaklyk] cf: zygtyarlylyk. n
independence, self-dependence, selfdependency zbadaklygy almak to get
independence
independent garasyz adj independent,
sovereign garasyz guramalar
independent organisations Garasyz
bitarap Trkmenistan Independant
neutral Turkmenistan; zbadak 1
[:zbadak] cf: zygtyarly. adj
sovereign, independent zbadak dwlet
independent state; independent state
{political}
indescribable dil wrlmezlik (comp. of
dil2) n indescribable, inexpressible,
words cannot express Bu zatlary saa
atmak,meni dilim wrlmez. Words
cannot describe these things to you.
index indeks n index bahalary indeksi
price index
India Hindistan n India (sem. domains:
9.7.2.1 - Names of countries.)
Indian Hindi n Indian Hindi aaly Indian
woman (sem. domains: 4.1.2 - Types of
people.)
indication grkezme 2 n indication,
something you point out comp.
grkezme alymasy
indicator grkeziji 2 n indicator, marker
ol grkeziji road sign ol grkeziji guide,
directory
indifference biparhlyk [bi:parhlyk] n
indifference, apathy; lack of difference;
biperwalyk [bi:perwa:lyk] n
indifference, lack of sensitivity biperwa
etmek to treat with indifference
Biperwalyk edip adamy gownine degmek
gowy dl. To be insensitive and so upset

people is not good. Adam biperwalyk

dnjesi bilen, ters zady stne baryp
bilr. If a person views things
indifferently, he can end up going in the
wrong direction.
indifferent biperwa [bi:perwa:] adj
indifferent; lacking difference biperwa
garamak to treat with indifference
biperwa bolmak to be indifferent (to)
Oa adany-atmany biperwa. What
you say or don't say to him makes no
difference. Skr Selbini zini gowy
grnligini bilsede oa biperwa
garaardy. If Shukur had known that
Selbi liked him it wouldn't have made
any difference.; hanabizar
[ha:nabi:za:r] adj indifferent, apathetic
indisputable jedelsiz adj indisputable,
unquestionable, incontrovertible,
without question Bizi toparymyz olary
jedelsiz utar. Our group beat them
indisputably.
industrial complex kombinat
[kombi'nat] n industrial complex,
establishment durmu tadan hyzmat
edn kombinat consumer service
establishment et kombinaty meat
processing and packing factory
talyplary imit kombinaty student
refectory
industrious ijanly [i:ja:nly] adj
industrious, hard-working Jemaly
adamsy ijanly igit. Jemal's husband is
hard-working boy.; zhmetser adj
industrious, hard-working zhmetser
halk industrious people Zhmetser
adamlar ba hem bagtly bolarlar.
Industrious people become rich and
happy.
industry senagat [sena:gat] n industry
eil senagat light industry agyr senagat
heavy industry senagat harytlary
industrial goods?? senagaty sdrmek to
develop industry senagaty esasy
pudaklary main branches of industry
inequality desizlik n inequality,
disparity
inexhaustible mizemez 2 [mi:zemez] adj
inexhaustible mizemez balyk
inexhaustible wealth Bu bent her niik sil

regini iirmek
gelende-de mizemez. This dam is
inexhaustible een if great storm comes.
INF -mak INF
infectious okan adj infectious,
contagious okan keseller infectious
diseases
infidel kapyr [ka:pyr] n infidel, adherent
of a different faith/creed, unbeliever,
non-Muslim Musulmanlar orslary kapyr
hasaplaarlar. Muslums consider
Russians to be infidels. [i.e. other than
Islam] {religious}
infinite ayrsy-brsi ok (comp. of ayr)
infinite, boundless; ymgyr 1 adj infinite,
limitless, boundless l boundless desert
Garagum ymgyr l. Garagum is a
boundless desert.
infinitive nmlim adj infinitive iligi
nmlim formasy infinitive verb
inflate iirmek 2 [i:irmek] v to inflate,
pump up, blow up ary iirmek to blow
up a balloon comp. regini iirmek
influence tsir etmek [tsi:r etmek] v to
affect, influence, to have influence over
tsirli effective; tsir [tsi:r] n influence,
affect tsir galdyrmak to have an effect
on; okmak 3 v to influence, effect,
have an influence (on) Oa bu szler
okmaz. These words have no influence
on him. {fig} comp. It gargyy gurda
okmaz
influential tanymal [tany:mal] adj
influential, well-respected
influenza dmew cf: grip. n influenza,
flu, cold Dmew keseli okuagan bolar.
The flu is infectious. Dmewe gary
dermanlar epidemia wagty tiz satylyp
gutarylar. Medicines for flu sell quickly
during an epidemic.; grip cf: dmew. n
influenza, grippe, flu grip zerarly ken
imesi influenzal pneumonia grip bilen
kesellemek to have influenza {medical}
inform bildirmek 1 v to let someone
know, inform Men ide eglenjekdigimi e
bildirdim. I let my family know that I
was going to stay late at work.;
etirmek 2 v to inform, tell Bu habary
oa tizden etiri. Inform him the news
immediately. comp. dil etirmek comp.

162
gz etirmek comp. erine etirmek
comp. etirjek bolmak
informant habary 3 n informant,
informer
information informasia [infor'masia]
cf: habar. n information informasia
bermek to inform, to give information
informasia almak to be informed, to get
information; maglumat [maglu:mat] n
information, message gerekli
maglumatlar necessary information
inhabitants il-ulus (comp. of il) people,
inhabitants Onu touna hli il-ulus bolup
kmek etdik. We helped him with all
people together.
inheritance miras 1 [mi:ra:s] n heritage;
inheritance miras hukugy inheritance
rights miras galan balyk inhereted
richness kakadan miras almak to take
inheritance from father
inhumane adamkriliksiz
[a:damkriliksiz] adj inhumane, not
humane
initially ilkibada [ilkiba:da] adv initially
injection sanjym cf: ukol. adv injection
comp. sanjym-sanjym ; ukol cf:
sanjym. n injection, inoculation Ol
kesell ukol etmegi tabyrdy. He ordered
injection for the patient.
injustice adalatsyzlyk [ada:latsyzlyk] n
injustice
ink sya [sya:] n ink
inn sara 3 n inn, hotel
inner iki adj inner, interior, inward iki
dzgn-tertip routine iki dn inward/
inner life iki gapy inner door iki geim
underwear, underclothes
innocent ak 2 [a:k] adj innocent Kazy, "u
adam ak" didi. The judge said, "This man
is innocent." Derew onu akdygyny
subut etdi. The inquiry proved him to be
innocent. comp. ak altyn comp. ak
demir comp. ak gogy comp. ak gwnli
comp. ak pata comp. ap-ak ; arassa 2
adj innocent aga aly arassa innocent
as a child; bign [bi:gn] adj
innocent, not guilty agalar ndki
bign agalara nebsim agyrar. It upsets
me when I see innocent children in an
orphanage.; mnsz adj innocent,
without guilt Ol etjegini edip, mnsz

163

iii tutup galmak

aly otyr. He is sitting as innocent after
he has done what he wanted.; azyksyz
[a:zyksyz] adj innocent, guiltless
azyksyz aga innocent child
innumerable mbersiz adj innumerable,
too many to be counted mbersiz gi
innumerable wide mbersiz kp
innumerable much
inoculation sanma n inoculation,
vaccination; injection mama gary
sanma inoculation against smallpox,
vaccination against smallpox {medical}
inopportune biwagt 2 [bi:wagt] cf:
bimahal. adv inopportune, ill-timed,
out of season, not in time, Batyry ejesi
biwagt aradan ykanlygy in, ony
dazasy zne ogullyk edip aldy. When
Batyr's mother suddenly passed away
his aunt adopted him. Ejem a biwagt
aradan ykdy. My mother passed away
suddenly while still young.
inscription azgy 1 n inscription, mark
kitaby zndki azgy inscription on a
book
insect mr-mjek [m:r-m:jek] n insect
Zyanly mr-mjeklere gary gre. Fight
with harmful insects.
inshallah inalla [i:alla] inshallah, God
willing inalla bararyn. God willing, I'll
go.
inside i 3 post inside, into etc. (see
below) iin(de) inside (it), in (it) iine
into, inside iine girmek to go/come into
Iine gir! Go inside! iine salmak to put
in/into iinden out of, from iinden
ykmak to come out of iine almak to
include (in) {location} comp. day jjek
ii mjek id. ii gysgan comp. Iimde it
uwlaar. comp. iine-dayna gemek
comp. ii gysmak comp. iiden
geplemek comp. iiden okamak comp.
iii tutup galmak
insides ieri 2 n insides, contents ieri
drli go-golamdan doly inside was full of
different things Ieri tmizdi hem
agtydy. inside was clean and bright
insignificant ala 3 adv insignificant ala
sesi ykar; ownukly-irili 2 [ownuklyi:rili] adj insignificant, unimportant
ownukly-irili kemilikler insignificant
shortcomings; shele adj insignificant,

unimportant, negligible shele wagt a

short while, just a moment
inspector barlagy 1 [ba:rlagy] n
inspector, auditor Barlagy z iini
kanuna gr erine etirr. An inspector
does his work according to the rules.
ol hereketini barlagysy, ol bozujyny
tussag etdi.; derewi n inspector,
investigator Ol malie meselesinden
derewi bolup iler. He works as a
financial investigator. prokurory
derewisi prosecution counsel;
inspektor [in'spektor] n inspector
inspiration galkyny n inspiration,
encouragement, renewal, revival ruhy
galkyny spiritual revival galkyny
hereketi inspired action; jogun 2
[jo:gun] n enthusiasm, fervour,
animation uly jogun bilen geplemek to
speak with great fervour; ruhubelentlik
[ru:hubelentlik] n inspiration,
enthusiasm ruhubelentlik bilen inspiredly,
with enthusiasm, enthusiastically;
ylham n inspiration ylham beriji inspirer
ylham bermek to inspire Onu szleri
maa ylham berdi. His words inspired
me.
inspire ganatlandyrmak
[ga:natlandyrmak] v to inspire stnlik
ony ganatlandyrdy. Success inspired
him.; jodurmak 2 v to inspire,
stimulate, to arouse, to stir up Onu
mylaym szleri meni tze stnlikere
jodurar. Her kind words inspired me
to new successes.; jomak 3 [jo:mak] v
to inspire joup zhmet ekmek to work
with inspiration; ruhlandyrmak
[ru:hlandyrmak] v to inspire, encourage
Halypa girdini ruhlandyrdy. The guru
encouraged his disciples. The tutor
encouraged his students.
inspired galkynmak v to be inspired/
encouraged (by), be filled with;
ganatlanmak 1 [ga:natlanmak] v to be/
become inspired umyt bilen ganatlanmak
to become inspired with hope sgi bilen
ganatlanmak to become inspired with
love; ruhubelent 1 [ru:hubelent] adj
inspired ruhubelent azyjy inspired
writer; ylhamly adj inspirational Onu
gogulary ylhamly azylandy. His poems
were inspirationally written.

okuw jay
install ekdirmek 1 v to have installed
telefon ekdirmek to have a telephone
(line) installed; iletmek 3 [i:letmek] v
to install; oturtmak 3 v to install, set up
...grnkli erde adygrligini oturtmaly.
...the monument should be set up in a
visible place. jada kamera oturtmak to
install a surveillence camera in a house
komputere DVD oturtmak to install a
DVD drive on a computer
instantly obada adv instantly
instead deregine post instead of, in
exchange for, in order to bagany
deregine ilemek to work instead of
another person iten kitaby deregine iki
kitap bermeli. two books should be given
in exchange for the one that was lost.
instead of derek1 1 post instead of, in
place of Oa derek muny ala. Take that
one instead (of this one).
instead of him ornuna (comp. of orun)
instead of him/her/it Biz teatra Jerene
derek Maraly kitmegi regimize
dwdk. We decided to take Maral
instead of Jeren to the theatre.
institute institut [insti'tut] n institute
ylmy-barlag instituty scientific-reseach
institute instituta okuwa girmek to go to
institute
institution ja1 3 [ja:] n place, facility,
institution, establishment comp. okuw
jay
instruction grkezme 3 n instruction,
direction grkezme bermek to give
instructions comp. grkezme alymasy
instrument abzal 1 n instrument, tool, kit
Ussahanada kp abzal bolar. In the
repair shop are many tools.; esbap 1
[esba:p] n instrument ussany esbaplary
repairman's tools leg esbaplary
instruments of measurement
insubordinate bitabyn adj rebellious,
insubordinate
insubordination bitabynlyk n
rebelliousness, insubordination
insufficient kem 1 cf: kem-kemden. adv
insufficient, not enough, little kem
bermek to give insufficient, deliver short
measure b manady kem bermek to give
five manats short kem gelmek to be
missing, be lacking kem ekmek to give

164
short weight Pulum kem gelr. I haven't
got enough money. comp. kem-kem
insult dil etirmek (comp. of dil2,
etirmek) to insult, hurt, wound, offend
Resul z klasdayna gwnine degip dil
etirdi. Resul offended and insulted his
classmate. [Mainly used when God is
insulted, or blasphemed.]; ynjamak2 cf:
ynjatmak. v to insult Ony ynjatmak juda
kyn. It is difficult to insult him.
intellectual aly 1 n intellectual; rwen
3 adj intellectual, intellectually rwen
pikirli intellectually inclined
intelligence kelle 2 n head, brain, wits,
mind ol kelleli oglan he is a bright lad
onu kellesi ok he is unintelligent
intend hyala mnmek (comp. of
mnmek) v to intend to do something,
aim Ol baamak hyalyna mndi. he
aimed to get richer Siz nme hyala
mndiz? What do you intend to do?;
nietlemek v to intend for Bu balygy
an oldayma nietlp aldym. I bought
these fish for my spouse.
intensify batlanmak [ba:tlanmak] v to
strengthen, become/get stronger,
intensify, gain strength lde tozanly
twele agamara batlandy. In the desert
the dust storm gained strength during
early evening.; glendirmek 1 v to
intensify, increase, heighten, aggravate,
amplify sesini glendirmek to amplify
the sound
intention niet 1 n intention, plan niet
etmek to intend, plan, have intention
(to) agy niet good intention; pl n
intention, plan, scheme plinden tapdy it
serves him right pli bozuk adam illintentioned person, a man with bad
intentions uly plli haughty, arrogant,
overweening pline gr according to
somebody's deserts pliden gatmak to
change one's intention; to turn over a
new leaf {fig}; pygyl n intention,
purpose, plan
intercity herara [hera:ra] adv
intercity
interest gterim 2 n interest ylyrymly
gterim compound interest neke
gterim simple interest; gyzyk cf:
gyzykly. adv interest; pleasure Gyzygy
ok. It is not interesting. gyzyk adam an

165

glp-glp ieg gyrylmak

interesting person; gyzyklandyrmak v
to interest someone in something
interested gyzyklanmak v to be
interested (in), be carried away (about
something) u mesel seni garay
meni gyzyklandyrar. Your opinion on
this issue interests me. Men
Magtymgulyny dredijiligi bilen
gyzyklanaryn. I'm interested in
Magtymguly's works.
interesting gyzykly cf: gyzyk. adj
interesting, fascinating, enjoyable
gyzykly grr an interesting
conversation gyzykly syahat a
fascinating journey gyzykly to an
enjoyable wedding; kepli 3 adj
interesting kepli oun an interesting
game
interethnic milletara [milleta:ra] adj
interethnic milletara gatnayklar
interethnic relations/bonds
interfere bulamak 2 v to get involved,
interfere, meddle; gatymak 1 v to
interfere (in), intervene (in) Siz meni
iime gatyma! Mind your own
business! to grre gatymak to break
into a conversation bagany iine
gatymak to interfere to other's job;
goulmak 2 v to interfere (in),
intervene (in), meddle (with) Ol ura
gouldy. He intervened in the fight.
bagany durmuyma goulmak to
meddle with other people's lives
inter-governmental dwletara
[dwleta:ra] adj inter-governmental
yly baynda uly dwletara gepleikleri
gedi. At the beginning of the year there
were inter-governmental negotiations.
Dwletara gatnayklarymyzy berkitmeli we
okary derejede saklamaly. We must
develop inter-governmental relations
and make it a high priority.
interior i 2 post inside, interior {house}
comp. day jjek ii mjek id. ii
gysgan comp. Iimde it uwlaar. comp.
iine-dayna gemek comp. ii gysmak
comp. iiden geplemek comp. iiden
okamak comp. iii tutup galmak
interjection mlk n interjection
interlocuter grrde n interlocuter, a
person somebody is talking to Ol oat

grrde He is good company.

grrde bolmak to have a talk
intermediary twella 1 n intermediary,
go-between; intercessor
intermix garymak 1 [ga:rymak] v to
intermix Bal hem ag garydy. Honey
and oil mixed. Rekler garydy. The
colours are mixed.
internal ieri 3 adj internal Her ierini z
dert-aladasy bar. every home has own
problems Bizi ierimizde it ok. We
don't have a dog in our yard
international halkara [halka:ra] adj
international halkara gatnayklar blmi
international relations/affairs
department Halkara aallar gni
International women's day
internet internet [inter'net] n internet
interpret ormak 2 v to interprete di
gowulyga ormak to interprete one's
dream with a pleasant meaning
{dreams}
interpretation orgut n interpretation
Di orgudyny hi kime atmaly dl. It
must not tell the interpretation of the
dream. {dreams}
interpreter dilma [dilma:] n
interpreter, translator
interrupt kesmek2 3 v to interrupt, stop
szni kesmek to interrupt one's speech;
psgel bermek v to interrupt, disturb
someone, prevent someone doing
something Srji mayn srp bararka
psgel bermek bolanok. While a driver is
driving a car he mustn't obstruct the
traffic. Apezhanada nahar biirip durkam
psgel bermeseler gowy bolar. It's best
not to disturb me while I'm cooking in
the kitchen. ol dzgn grkezan ol
polisiasyna psgel bermek gadagan.
interview grrdelik n interview
intestines iege n intestines, guts, bowels
kr iege blind gut; caecum ine iegeler
small intestines ogyn iege large
intestine {anatomy} comp. glp-glp
ieg gyrylmak
intonation he 2 n tune, intonation
belent he high tune pessa he low
tune Olar bir heden gopdular. they take
up on same tune olary hei bir their

uak-dek
melody is same Ol heini tgetdi. He
changed his tune
intricate uak 2 adj intricate Gamany
uak gaanymdan so gzlerim adady.
My eyes became tired after stitching
intricate embroidery. comp. uak-dek
intrigues pirim 2 n intrigues,
machinations, crafty designs birini
garysyna pirim gurmak to scheme/plot
agaist somebody dumany pirimleri the
crafty designs of the enemy comp.
birini pirimine dmek
intrinsic hsietli 1 adj having a certain
character/nature, intrinsic mylaym
hsietli adam warm-hearted person
introduce tanatmak v to introduce;
tanydyrmak cf: tanamak, tanymak.
v to introduce someone (to someone
else) z bilen tanydyrmak to
introduce oneself
introduced tanymak cf: tanamak,
tanydyrmak. v to be introduced, get to
know (each another), become acquinted
(with each other)
introduction giri 1 [gi:ri] n
introduction dil bilimine giri
introduction to linguistics comp. giri
szi
invade basyp almak (comp. of almak) to
invade, to take over
invent olap tapmak (comp. of
olamak) to invent a alyplar tze
tehnikalar olap tapdylar. Young
scientists invented a new technoligies.
invert wrmek 3 v to turn over; to
invert dayna wrmek to turn inside out
sahypany wrmek to turn over a page;
to turn one's face away; to change
direction; to turn into a joke; to change
dollars for manats; to turn over a page
comp. pikir wrmek comp. zi
wrmek
investigate deremek 1 v to inspect,
check, examine, investigate blmi iini
deremek to investigate the work of
department ii deremek to investigate
the case
investigation barlag 3 [ba:rlag] n
investigation, research, survey
Ymambaba dahan birleiginde ylmy
barlaglar geirilip gaz we nebit tapyldy. In

166
Ymambab collective farm gas and oil
were found after carrying out a survey.;
derew 2 n inquiry, investigation Onu
ii derewde. His work is under
assessment. derew geirmek to conduct
an investigation Bu edarada derew
geirildi. An investigation was conducted
in this office.
investigator barlagy 3 [ba:rlagy] n
investigator; ljy n investigator
investment inwestisia [inwes'tisia]
investment
invitation agyry 1 [a:gyry] n
invitation agyry haty call-up paper;
akylyk [a:kalyk] n invitation,
invitation card birini akylygy bouna
on somebody's invitation akylyk
ollamak to send an invitation akylyk
etmek to invite
invite agyrmak 1 [a:gyrmak] v to
invite, to take (someone somewhere)
myhman agyrmak to invite guests;
hdrlemek 3 v to invite (to eat), call
(to the table)
involuntarily
involuntary biygtyar [bi:ygtyar] adj
involuntary, unintentional;
involuntarily, unintentionally, without
realising it Berhizde bolsamam biygtyar
sjini agzyma salanymy bilmn galaryn.
Though I'm on a diet I sometimes put a
sweet in my mouth without realising it.
Gaharym gelip dursada, kii aga grsem
biygtyar ylgyran. Even though I'm
feeling angry, if I see a child I smile
involuntarily. htim aylan wagtlary
biygtyar gygyryp adym ataryn.
Adamlar biygtyar gaharyna erbet zadyn
stne baryp bilar.
involve ekmek1 6 [ekmek] v to involve
(someone), draw in, get someone to
participate (in) Bizi obamyza ol
ekdiler. comp. ah ekmek comp. ahmyr
ekmek comp. aak ekmek comp. ejir
ekmek comp. el ekmek comp. gam
ekmek comp. hasrat ekmek comp. hor
ekmek comp. jeza ekmek comp. kep
ekmek comp. kynylyk ekmek comp.
nala ekmek comp. zhmet ekmek
iodine od n iodine Almany igidinde od
saklanar. There is iodine in the seeds of

167

sandan ykmak
apple. (sem. domains: 1.2.3 - Solid,
liquid, gas.)
Iran Eran 1 n Iran; Persia (sem. domains:
9.7.2.1 - Names of countries.) {arch}
Iranian eranly n an Iranian (person)
(sem. domains: 4.1.2 - Types of people.)
iron demir cf: polot. n iron, steel demir
ol railway, railroad Ktendagda demir
magdany bar. There is an abundance of
iron ore in Koytendag. demir ol
duralgasy railway stop demir ol
stansiasy railway station comp. demirbeton ; tk2 n iron tk etmek to iron;
tklemek v to iron geim tklemek to
iron one's clothes
ironed tkli adj ironed, pressed tkli
jalbar ironed trousers
irony kinaa [kina:a] n irony, mockery,
sneer, gibe, derision kinaa bilen atmak
say sneeringly/ironically onu gzlerinde
kinaany hlesi barmydy? Was there a
glint of mockery in his eyes?; asy n
irony, mockery, ridicule asa almak to
mock, speak ironically (about)
irreligious bidin 2 [bi:di:n] adj
irreligious, without any religious beliefs;
dinsiz 1 [di:nsiz] adj irreligious,
secular, without faith; atheistic;
imansyz 1 [i:ma:nsyz] adj irreligious;
anti-religious imansyz adam atheist
irreproachable birkemsiz adj
irreproachable, blameless, faultless,
perfect birkemsiz i faultless work
Burylan ii birkemsiz erine etirdim. I
finished the work so it was without
fault. Muzeda birkemsiz, ajayp ekil
grdim. In the museum I saw a perfect,
wonderful statue. say. Birkemiz gzel
bolmaz
irrigate agdyrmak 1 cf: agmak. v to
irrigate, use the sprinkler emeli agy
agdyrmak to artificially irrigate
is it not ese is it not?
Islam musulmanylyk [musulma:nylyk]
cf: musulmanlyk. n Islam

musulmanylyk dzgnleri the

regulations of Islam ; musulmanlyk
[musulma:nlyk] cf: musulmanylyk. n
Islam Musulmanlyk adaty Muslim
custom Kommunistler dwrnde bizi
ilimizde musulmanlyk adaty galmady.
Communist time Islam has finished in
our village.; yslam [ysla:m] n Islam
Orta Aziada yslam dini giden
arandyr. Islam is widely spread in the
middle Asia. {religious}
island ada [a:da] n small island
Trkmenistanda adalar az. There are no
many islands.
isn't necessary gerekmejek cf: gereksiz.
adj isn't necessary gerekmejek zatlary
zy. Throw away what isn't necessary.
{colloge}
isolated aratyn 2 [araty:n] adj isolated,
separate aratyn otag separate room,
single room
issue ykarmak1 8 v to issue, announce,
pronounce hkm ykarmak to give/
pronounce judgement comp. ba
ykarmak comp. netije ykarmak comp.
atdan ykarmak comp. ze ykarmak
; mesele 1 n issue, question, matter
meselni rt-kesik gomak to put a
question point-blank; nomer 2 ['nomer]
cf: belgi, legli, san, sany. n issue
urnaly tze nomerli the most recent
issue of a magazine; san 3 [sa:n] cf:
belgi, nomer, legli, sany. n issue,
number, release gazeti u gnki sany
today's issue of a newspaper comp. sana
salmak comp. sandan ykmak
it ol 3 Pronoun it Men zemzem grdm. Ol
gaty uly eken. I saw a lizard. It was huge.
Italian italialy 2 adj Italian, italian
(person) italialy,_italan aal italian
woman italialy,_italan dili Italian, the
Italian language (sem. domains: 9.7.2.1
- Names of countries.)
itch gijemek 1 v to itch, scratch

bal aly

Jj

jacket kurtka n jacket onu kellesinde gara

apka we egninde ayl kurtka bardy he
was wearing a black hat and a green
jacket ; penjek n jacket, coat penjek
gemek to put on a jacket
jam bal1 2 [bal] n jam comp. bal aly ;
mrepbe n jam, conserve zm
mrepbesi grape jam alma mrepbesi
apple jam
January anwar n January Olary toy
anwarda. Their wedding is in January.
Japanese apon adj Japanese apon gyzy
Japanese girl apona in Japanese apon
dili Japanese, the Japanese language
(sem. domains: 4.1.2 - Types of people.)
jar banka ['banka] n jar, tin, can Tomusda
uly il gk-nm bilen banka apar. In
the summer everyone cans fruit and
vegetables. [especially tomatoes,
cucumbers, and fruit]
jaundice sary getirme (comp. of sary1)
jaundice, icterus (sem. domains: Med Medical.)
jaw n jaw
jealous gabanja [ga:banja] adj jealous
gabanja bolmak to be jealous gabanja
aal jealous woman; gabanmak
[ga:banmak] v to be jealous
jealousy gabanjalyk [ga:banjalyk] n
jealousy gabanjalyk dugusy feeling of
jealousy gabanjalyk bilen with jealousy
gabanjalyk etmek to be jealous
Jennet jennet 2 n Jennet - a girl's name
Jennet Uniwersitetde okaar. Jennet
studies at the University.
Jew ehudy Jew ehudylar juda akylly
bolarlar. Jews are very clever.; ewre
1 n Jew {person}
jewel jwher 1 n precious stone, jewel
Meni enemi jwher zgi bardy. My
grandmother had a ring with a precious
stone in it. Bu kitap akyldary jwher
pahasyndan drn kitap. This book
contains the pearls of wisdom of the
author.; a-sep n jewel

168

jeweller zergr n jeweller, silversmith

Magtymguly Pyragy hem ahyr hem zergr
bolupdyr. The poet Magtymguly was a
jeweller as well as poet.
jewellery bukow n metal jewellery hung
across a woman's neck (right under the
collar bone); aly taha n jewellery
hung from hat, worn by girls
Jewish jhit 1 [j:hit] n Jewish Biz hli
pygamberli jhitlerden gelip ykandygyny
eitdik. We heard that all prophets were
of Jewish origin.; musay [mu:sa:y]
adj Jewish musay milleti Jewish nation
musay medenieti Jewish culture;
ewre 2 adj Jewish ewre aaly
Jewish woman
Jew's harp gopuz n Jew's harp gopuz
almak to play a jew's harp (sem.
domains: 4.2.3 - Music.)
Jeyhun Jehun cf: Amydera. Jeyhun
(river) Jehun derasy baharda joup
akar. The River Jeyhun flows strongly
in Spring.
jockey apyksuwar [apyksuwa:r] n
jockey, rider
join gapymak v to join, link up, contact
Meni adawlykdan gzlerim gapyar. I
can hardly keep my eyes open.;
gatlymak 1 v to join topara gatlymak
to join the group kerwene gatlymak to
join the caravan; girmek 2 [gi:rmek] cf:
girimek. v to join partia giilik to join
a party partia girmek to join the
(political) party ie girmek to take a job,
go to work comp. de girmek comp.
jan girmek comp. sana girmek ;
goulmak 3 v to join Ol grre gouldy.
He joined the conversation.;
sepledirmek v to join together;
azylmak2 3 v to join okalga azylmak
to join a library kruoga azylmak to
join a club
joined birikdirilmek v to be joined, be
united, be combined
joiner ussahana 3 [ussaha:na] n joiner,
carpenter, timber yard Aga
ussahanasyna baramda ussa agadan

169

telpegii gge zymak

asan zatlaryny grp ak bolupdyryn.
When I came into carpenter's shop, I
was astonished seeing things that
carpenter has made of wood.
joining birikme 1 n joining, junction,
combination, compound harby birikme
military compound
joint bogun 1 n joint; branch Mollagara
sanatoriasynda bogun agyrly adamlary
gyzgyn palyk bilen bejerrler. In
Mollagara sanatorium those with
painful joints are treated with mud.
Gamy bogun-bogun bolup sr. Reed
grow branch by branch. comp. bogny
ysmazlyk comp. bogun agyrysy
jointly arkalaykly adv jointly
joke degime n joke; degimek v to joke,
tease, crack a joke, wind someone up
{colloq}; oun 3 n play, show,
performance comp. bayna oun
getirmek
joker ouny 3 n joker, comedian Ol bir
ouny oglan eken. He seems to be a bit
of a joker.
jokiness wilik cf: umor. n jokiness
wilik etmek to joke Ol wilige salyp,
garydayny gaharyna ns bermedi. He
alluded to joke his opponent's anger,
and didn't pay attention to him
journalist gazeti 1 n journalist,
newsman, pressman aphanada gazeti
bolup ilemek to work in press as a
newsman; urnalist [urna'list] n
journalist Geen hepde Agabatda daary
urt urnalistleri bilen duuyk bolddy.
Last week there was a meeting with
foreighn journalists in Ashgabat.
journey syahat [sya:hat] n journey,
trip, excursion, expedition; voyage,
cruise {by sea}
joy begen 1 n joy, gladness Joram
Anglia gidende gynanjagymy a-da
begenjegimi bilmedim. When my friend
went to England I didn't know whether
to be sad or to rejoice.; atlyk [a:tlyk]
n joy, happiness, gladness
joyful honut adj merry, joyful, happy
joyfully atlykly [a:tlykly] adv joyfully,
gladly
Judaism mysapyrlyk [mysa:pyrlyk] adv
Judaism/ be alien Ysrayl halky Kne

ht dwrnde kp mysapyrlyk ekdiler.

Israel people were alien in the time of
Old Testament.
judge kazy [ka:zy] cf: suda. n Muslim
judge ba kazy chief judge kazyny
kmekileri (two-member) jury, the
helpers [during Soviet times referred
only to religious judge, but now
judicial]; suda [sud'a] cf: kazy. n
judge
judgement magar n Day of Judgement
magar gni day of Judgement Magar
gni hemmeler gnleri in tleg tlrler.
Everybody will pay for their sins on the
day of Judgement. {religious}
jug gola n jug, pitcher; kndk n jug
ki dwrlerde el uwmak in kndk
ulanylypdyr in ancient times people used
a jug to wash their hands; kze 1 n jug
gor kze a large jug bir kze st a jug
of milk {Brit}
juice suw 2 n juice, soft drink alma suwy
apply juice comp. suw wdrmy
comp. suw aly geplemek ; ire [i:re] n
juice, (poppy) sap
July iul [i'ul] n July Iul ay rn yssy
a. July is ery hot month.
jump bkmek v to jump up and down, to
skip Bkmesem agadaky alma elim
etenok. If I don't jump I can't reach the
apple on the tree. p bokmegi birinji
klasda wrenipdim. I learnt to skip a rope
in the first year. aby gyrasynda
gurbagalar bkip rler.; zymak 4 v
to jump Ol ikinji gatdan zni zydy. He
jumped from the second floor. comp.
telpegii gge zymak
jump into topulmak 1 v to jump into, to
throw oneself into
jumper jempir n jumper
June iun n June Iun aynda mekdepde
ekzamenler balanar. The examinations
start in June at school.
jungle jeel n jungle, shrubbery, forest,
woods, wilderness Trkmenistanda jeel
az. There isn't much jungle in
Turkmenistan.
junior kii 3 adj junior kii letenant
second lieutenant {anatomy}
junior nurse ua 4 n junior nurse epagat
uasy binji otagdaky hassalara

tze yl arasy

170

dermanlaryny palady. The junior nurse

gave the patients their medicine. Irden
sagat edide kii epagat uasy otagymyzy
sprdi. At 7 o'clock in morning the
junior nurse cleaned our room.
{medical}
junior_nurse
juniper ara n juniper (bush, tree) comp.
tze yl arasy
juridical uridik adj juridical, legal;
juristical uridik fakultet faculty/
department of law uridik ylym science
of law, jurisprudence
just adalatly [ada:latly] adj just, fair;
ayja cf: ay. adv just Ol ayja ja
etdi. He has just rung.
just for the sake of it ne2 2 [:ne] adj
without reason, just for the sake (of),
for nothing Ol ne gitdi. He went there
just for the sake of it.
just now ay 1 cf: ayja. adv just
(now), a little while ago, only just Ol
ay ukudan turdy. He has just woken
up.

just one ekeje adj just one, alone Ymgyr

lde ekeje aga sp otyrdy. There was
just one tree in an endless desert.
just then onana [ona:na] adj at that
moment, just then Ja kakyldy, onana
mugallym klasa girdi. The teacher
entered the class at the (precise)
moment when the bell rang.
justice adalat [ada:lat] n justice, fairness
Bizi urdumyz adalat oluny alyp
barar. Our country helds justice
policy.; adalatlylyk [ada:latlylyk] n
justice, fairness; adyllyk adv justice
justify demek 2 [:demek] v to justify
tamany demek to justify hopes ynamy
demek to deserve somebody's
confidence/trust; uwmak 2 cf:
uwunmak. v to justify "Yalylyk"
dien bolup sen ony uwjak bolma! Don't
say "It was just a mistake" and try to
justify him! Ol z gnsini gany bilen
uwdy. To earn one's freedom by one's
blood being shed. [in order to gain
freedom from prison, must fight in a
war and either win or have a bullet
wound right to the bone]

Kk

kakmach kakma n kakmach [meat cut

into small pieces and fried]
Karakalpak garagalpak adj Karakalpak
garagalpak aaly Karakalpak woman
garagalpak halky the karakalpak people
garagalpak dili the Karakalpak language
(sem. domains: 4.1.2 - Types of people.)
Kazakh gazak 2 adj Kazakh Men gazak I
am a Kazakh. gazak aal a Kazakh
woman (sem. domains: 4.1.2 - Types of
people.)
Kazakhstan Gazagystan [Gazagysta:n] n
Kazakhstan (sem. domains: 9.7.2.1 Names of countries.)
kebab kebap [keba:p] n kebab Trkmenler
gonu etinden kebap biirrler.
Turkmen cook lamb kebabs.; lle

kebap [llekeba:p] n kebab made from

minced lamb or beef Kakam meni
doglan gnmde lle kebap biirdi. My
father cooked kebab in my birthday.
kebab chef kebapy [keba:py] n kebab
chef, the person who cooks kebabs
Meni daym restoranda kebapy bolup
iler. My uncle works at the restaurant
as a kebab chef.
keen gyzmak 2 v to be carried away, be
keen (on) ona gyzmak to be carried
away the play
keep eklemek v to keep, maintain,
support, look after dependants magala
eklemek to support/keep a family eklp
saklamak to bring up; gomak 2 v to
keep, retain, reserve, leave gya gomak

171

Eek semrese, eesini deper

to keep/reserve for the winter comp. at
gomak comp. gadam gomak ;
saklamak 2 v to take care of, keep
saglygy saklamak to take care of one's
health gizlin saklamak to keep in secret
atda saklamak to remember magalany
saklamak to keep a family; retmek 2
cf: remek. v to keep gndelik
retmek to keep a diary comp. pikir
retmek
keep doing dur 3 [du:r] [du:r] (comp. of
durmak) aux. v keep_doing Ol garayp
dur. He is waiting. Gelip dur! Come
again! Suw akyp dur. The water keeps
flowing/running. de mhm wezipeler
dur. There are important jobs ahead of
us. Daarda agy agyp dur. It is raining
outside. Kir uwyjy mayn ilp dur. The
washing machine is on. Mayn
swetofory ayl yrasyna garayp dur.
The car is waiting for a green light at
the traffic lights. Yygy nde dur. He
is standing under a light. Ol aak
stnde dur. He is standing up. Men
dura-dura adadym! I am tired of
standing up for so long! arka durmak to
be on somebody's side or to protect
somebody
keep going gidibermek v to go ahead,
keep going
keepsake adygr 1 [a:dygr] n
keepsake, remembrance adygr bermek
to give as a keepsake; adygrlik 1
[a:dygrlik] n as a keepsake, in order
to remember adygrlik kitap bermek to
give somebody a book as a keepsake
Kemal kemal 2 [kema:l] n completeness,
perfection comp. kemala gelmek comp.
kemala getirmek
kernel mayz 1 n kernel; core hozu
mazy kernel of a nut
kerosene kerosin n kerosene, kerosine
Bizi urdumyzda nebit, gaz, kerosin
ndrilr. Oil, gaz and kerosine are
manifactured in our country.; nebit
agy (comp. of nebit) n kerosene Nebit
agyny bahasy hem benzin bilen de
dien aly. The price of kerosene is
almost the same as petrol.
key aar 1 n key gulpu aary padlock key
Dil regi/kalby aary. The tongue is
the key to the heart/soul.

keyboard klawiatura n keyboard biz

klawiaturada tekst azdyk we wrote a
text on a keyboard Agl elleri
klawiaturany stnde onady. Aygul's
hands rippled over the piano keyboard.
saz klawiaturasy piano music
Keyik keik 2 n Keyik - a girl's name
Keik joralary bilen toa gitdi Keyik went
to the wedding with her friends.
Khan han 2 [ha:n] n Khan - the supreme
ruler of the Turkish, Tartar, and Mongol
tribes, the emperor of China in the
Middle Ages {hist}
khanate hanlyk 2 [ha:nlyk] n khanate
(historical)
Khorezm Horezm n Khorezm People's
Soviet Republic
kick depgi n kick gli depgi hard kick;
depmek 1 v to kick Garawul tussagy
depdi. The guard kicked the prisoner.
say. Eek semrese, eesini deper
kid owlak n kid Owlak mler. A kid
bleats. {young goat}
kid-goat
kid-lamb owlak-guzy n baby lambs and
goats Baharda owlak-guzy kpelr. In
spring baby lambs and goats are
increasing.
kidneys bwrek n kidneys Bwregim
agyryp balany bri, men de inden
guak guanaryn. Since my kidney
started hurting I've been tying a camelwool belt round my waist. Gyga
bwregimi sowukladyp keselhana ddim.
When my short kidney got cold I ended
up in hospital. (sem. domains: 2.1 Body.)
kill eli gana bulamak (comp. of el) to kill
somebody Adam ldrp elini gana
bulady. He killed someone.; gan almak
2 (comp. of gan) to shed blood, kill;
gan dkmek ( gan) v to shed blood,
kill; janyny jhenneme ibermek
(comp. of jhennem) v to kill, murder
Han adamlaryna: "esir edilip
getirilenleri janyny jhenneme iberi"
diip buruk berdi. Khan commanded his
people: "Kill the prisoners."; kesmek2 2
v to kill goun kesmek to slaughter a
sheep; ldrmek 1 v to kill, murder
opan mjegi ldrmndi, mjek her gn

172
bir guzyny alar gider oturardy. The
shepherd didn't kill the wolf, so the wolf
used to kill a lamb each day.; oklamak
2 [o:klamak] v to wipe out, kill,
annihilate; to get rid of Garat et, bu
hapalary okla. Please, get rid of this
mess.
kill two ducks with one shot bir okda
iki rdek urulmak (comp. of urulmak)
to kill two ducks with one shot (~kill
two birds with one stone)
kill unjustly nhak gan dkmek (comp.
of nhak) to kill someone unjustly Siz
nhak gan dkdiz. You have shed
blood without having the right to do so.
kilogram kilogram n kilogram b
kilogram eker five kilograms of sugar
Bir kilosy neden? How much is one
kilogram?
kilometre kilometr [kilo'metr] n
kilometre alty kilometr six kilometres
angyn tokay 40000 kwadrat
kilometrden gowragyny andyrypdyr. The
fire destroyed some 40000 square
kilometres of forest.
kin howandar 1 [howanda:r] n kin, close
relative
kind ayk zli (comp. of z2) kind,
good-natured, genial Meni gyzym ayk
zli, adyan gyz. My daughter is kind
and funny girl.; honietli adj kind,
kind hearted, showing willing, wellintentioned, benevolent; mhirli adj
kind, loving mhirli bolmak be kind, be
loving; mylakatly [myla:katly] adj
kind, affectionate, tender, sweet
mylakatly ene mylakatly aga affectionate
child mylakatly szler endearing words
mylakatly garay tender look mylakatly
bolmak to be polite/friendly mylakatly
grlemek to speak to somebody
friendly/politely; agyzada angelic;
kind Dnde agyzadalary bardygyna
Hudaa kr edris. We thank God
there are kind people in the world.;
yly 2 adj kind, warm yly szler kind
words Men onu yly szlerine mayl
boldum. Her kind words made me relax.
{person}
kind of birhili 1 [birhi:li] adj a kind of,
something like; strange kind of, unusual
sort of

kindergarten agalar bagy (comp. of

bag1) kindergarten, nursery school, day
nursery, playgroup olten herinde b
sany agalar bagy bar. There are five
nursery schools in Yoloeten. agalar
in, agalar bagy gerekli, ol erde tertip
dzgni wrenrler. For children,
nursery schools are necessary. They
teach them order and discipline there.
kindle tutadyrmak v to kindle
kindness adamkrilik [a:damkrilik] n
kindness, humane treatment [the way
someone treats someone else, the way
human beings treat one another];
merhemet n kindness, graciousness
merhemet etmek to be kind to Merhemet
edi! Be so kind! or Be so good!; mhir
n kindness, love mhir bilen seretmek to
look at someone with love mhir bilen
garamak to look at somebody with love;
oatlyk 2 n kindness, goodness, good
oatlyk bilen peacefully, in an amicable/
friendly way Ondan oatlyk tama etme.
No good will come of him.
king patya [pa:tya:] cf: a. n king, shah
patya aal queen; king's wife patya gyz
princess; king's daughter; a [a:] cf:
patya. n king, shah {abbr}
kingdom patyalyk [pa:tya:lyk] n
kingdom, reign, realm patyalyk etmek
to reign; to rule; alyk [a:lyk] n
kingdom
kinship garyndalyk n relationship,
kindred, kinship garyndalyk
aragatnaygy ties of relationship/blood
garyndalykda bolmak to be related (to)
gander garyndalyk blood relationship
garyndalyk gatnaygy the relationship of
relatives; hossarlyk 1 [ho:ssa:rlyk] n
kinship, relationship
kiosk kiosk [ki'osk] n kiosk, booth gazet
satylan kiosk newspaper booth, news
stand, newspaper kiosk kitap kiosky
bookstall
kiss ogamak2 v to kiss agany ogamak to
kiss a baby dodagyndan ogamak to kiss
on the lips aagyndan ogamak to kiss
on the cheek; ogamak v to kiss (one
another) Bu oglan bilen gyz utanman
gndizi gni ogayp otyrlar. This boy
and girl kiss each another during the
day without shame.; pmek [:pmek] v

173

habar gatmak
to kiss, give a kiss dodagyndan pmek to
kiss on the lips, kiss on the mouth
aagyndan pmek to kiss on the cheek;
posa n kiss
kit enjam 2 [enja:m] cf: apparat. n kit,
gear syahat gitmegi enjamny etmek to
get together what you need for a trip;
komplekt cf: jemlemek. n complete
set, kit, outfit ol n satyn alan
komplekt eiklerini geipdir. she was
wearing an outfit she had bought the
previous day.
kitchen ahana 1 [aha:na] n kitchen
ahanadan nahary ysy gelr the smell
of dinner is coming from the kitchen
kite batbrek n kite
kitten piijek n kitten
knead ugurmak v to knead hamyr
ugurmak to knead dough
knee dyz [dy:z] n knee dyzyy owkalamak
massage your knee. dyza kmek to bow
down dyz epmek to kneel u gn dyzymy
epmn uzak gn iledim. Today I worked
very hard without sitting for quite a
while. dyz azmak to have a rest Iden
adansyyz biraz dyzyyzy azay. You
must be tired from working, take a rest.
Maa durmua ykmagyy hay
edip,men dyzyma krin. I kneel before
you to ask your hand in marriage.
epagat uasy hassa dyz daysyny
tzeledi. The nurse changed the knee
bandage of the patient. (sem. domains:
2.1 - Body.)
kneecap dyzanak [dy:za:nak] n
kneecap, patella {anatomy}
knife pyak n knife ktek pyak blunt
knife iti pyak sharp knife Kim regi
pyak bilen kesse, Allatagala onu rysgyny
kesermi. Whoever cuts his bread with a
knife, God will cut off his fate.
knit rmek3 1 [:rmek] v to knit ellik
rmek to knit gloves
knock akyrdatmak v to knock
knot igin1 n knot igin dmek to be tied,
to be knotted igni zmek to undo a
knot igin etmek to knot; igmek 1 v to
knot, tie/make a knot pi igmek to
knot the rope; dwmek 1 v to knot, tie
up (the ends of), pack up, bind up p
ujuny dwmek to knot the end of rope

Monjuk dzmek in ilki plgi ujyny

dwmeli. To sew on a button you must
first make a knot in the end of the
thread. To dbinde gelin oglany
guagynda dwlen dwnleri lemeli.
According to wedding tradition the
bride must untie the knot of the groom's
belt.; dwlmek v be knotted, be tied
in a knot Sapagy ujy berk dwlenden
so monjuklar dklmer. When knots
are tied well beads do not fall off.
Dwlen dwni zmek kyn. It is
difficult to untie the knot. Gitjek
myhmanlary dnekleri dwldi. Things
of the leaving guests are prepared. ????
Gezelenje gitmek in golar dwldi.
Things are knotted to go for a
walk.?????; dwn 1 n knot dwn
dwmek to knot dwni zmek to undo a
knot pdki dwn knot in the rope
agajy dwni knot of the tree Agajy
stninde dwn bar. There is knot on
the trunk of tree. regide dwn
galmak to be offended Agyr sz bilen
adamy gwnine degse reginde dwn
galar. If you say heay word, it makes
person be offended.
know bilmek 1 cf: bilgin. v to know (be
aware); to know by heart Men Mary
herini gowy bilrin, sebbi kp wagtdan
bri aap rn. I know Mary city very
well, because I have lived there for a
long time. Men kasam bilen gimni atdan
bilrin. I know the national oath and
national anthem by heart. comp. bilip
gomak
know this bilgin cf: bilmek. v know this
uny bilgin know this
knowledge bilim 1 [bilim] n knowledge
bilim almak to learn bilim bermek to
teach agalary bilimini barlamak in
mugallym u gn klasda barlag iini
geirdi. The teacher set a test today to
test the children's knowledge. bilim
almak ; habar 2 cf: informasia. n
inside/intimate knowledge, inside
information Onu habary bar He is in
touch (with the situation).; He has his
finger on the pulse. Habarym ok. I don't
know anything about it. comp. habar
gatmak ; ylym 3 n knowledge; ylymbilim 1 n knowledge Adam in ylym-

kt depdi

174

nilim agtylyk emesidir. Knowledge is

like a source of light for people.
knowledgeable kde 1 adj
knowledgeable kde mugallym
knowledgeable teacher
known bileni-biteni adv all that he has
ever known, all that he knows Seni
bileni-biteni adym. The only song you
know. Goymyzy bileni-biteni
melleginde gl ekmek. To plant flowers in
the only land our neighbour has ever
owned.
kopeck kpk1 n kopeck, penny, farthing
kpkmekpk penny by penny i soky
kpgine enli to the last farthing Ol i
soky kpgine enli har etdi. She spent
her last farthing.
Kopetdag Kpetdag Kopetdag mountains
Kpetdag dagy Agabady gnortasynda

erler. The Kopetdag mountains are

located to the South of Ashgabat. (sem.
domains: 9.7.2.1 - Names of countries.)
Kurd krt 1 n Kurd
Kurdish krt 2 adj Kurdish krt dili the
Kurdish language
Kusht kt1 n Chess Kt akyly we
pahasy onudyr. Chess is the game of
wisdom and mind. comp. kt depdi
Kyrgystan Gyrgyzystan [Gyrgyzysta:n] n
Kyrgystan (sem. domains: 9.7.2.1 Names of countries.)
Kyrgyz gyrgyz 2 adj Kyrgyz men gyrgyz I
am a Kyrgyz gyrgyz dili Kyrgyz, the
Kyrgyz language (sem. domains: 4.1.2 Types of people.)

Ll

label
laborious agyr 2 adj laborious Kmr
gazmak rn agyr i. Digging coal is very
laborious work.
labour zhmet 2 n work, labour; labour
fiziki zhmet manual labour zhmet
kodeksi Labour Code zhmet kollektiwi
team {physical} comp. ekse zhmet,
agar rhnet. comp. zhmet ekmek
labourer zhmetke 1 n worker, labourer
oba hojalygyny zhmetkeleri
agricultural labourers
lace bag2 [ba:g] n string, lace, shoelace
aak bagy someone who gets in the way
Lachyn layn 3 [la:yn] n Lachyn (girls
name) Layn mehur adymy gyz.
Lachyn is well-known singer.
lack okluk 1 [o:kluk] n absence, lack
wagty oklugy lack of time pulu
oklugy lack of money meni oklugymda
in my absence comp. okluk forma
lack of learning garakylyk 2 n spiritual
darkness, lack of learning dwr

garakylygy hem nadanlygy this age's

darkness and stupidity
lacking mahrum [mahru:m] adj lacking
(in), devoid (of), deprived (of) mahrum
etmek to deprive (of) mahrum bolmak to
lose, be deprived (of) gzden mahrum
bolmak to lose one's sight
lad jigit 1 n lad, young man [in the sense
of 'the lads']
ladle kepgir n ladle, flat scraper for pilaff,
perforated spoon Biz bazardan tze
kepgir satyn aldyk. We bought a new
ladle at the market.; susak n ladle, large
spoon
lady hanym 1 [ha:nym] n lady (polite
form of address)
ladybird
lady-in-waiting keniz n lady-in-waiting,
servant of the queen and princesses,
slave girl, servant girl Sarany kenizi
Hajardan Ysmayl doglupdyr. Sarah's
slave girl, Hagar, gave birth to Ishmael.

175

kep ekmek
lake kl [k:l] n lake, reservoir Sarygamy
kli Daoguzda erler. Sarygamysh
lake is located in Dashoguz.
lale lle2 n lale lle atmak to sing the lale
[a Turkmen folk song]
lamb guzy n lamb
lame agsak n lame say. Sri agsaksyz
bolmaz ; ketik adj lame, limping ketik
adam lame man Jennet daza ketiklp
ne gitdi. Aunt Jane went home
limping
lament agy 3 [a:gy] n lament, song sung
when sad or in mourning comp. rek
agysy ; naly 1 [na:ly] n wail, lament
lamp yra cf: lampa. n lamp, light, torch
asma yra fixed lamp el yrasy torch;
lampa ['lampa] cf: yra. n lamp, bulb
elektrik lampasy electric bulb
land gonmak v to land; mekan 1
[meka:n] cf: mesgen. n land, (home)
country; area, territory comp. belli bir
mekany ok ; toprak 2 n land, country,
earth ene toprak mother earth; er 4 n
land, territory, region tutan eri
territory comp. er almasy comp. er
hoz comp. er tudana comp. erine
comp. erine etirmek
landlady bike [bi:ke] n landlady, mistress
(of the house) bikesine sgermezlik etmek
to show contempt for one's landlady, to
disrespect the mistress
landless ersiz adj landless, migrant
workers, refugees ersiz, suz, isiz
without land, home, or work ersiz
adamlar i gzlp rdler. Refugees
were looking for job.
language dil2 2 n language, tongue
trkmen dili the Turkmen language
Terjimei bolup ilemek in dil bilmeli. To
work as an interpreter you must know a
language. Joram ene dilinden baka b
sany daary urt dillerini bilr. My
friend knows five languages beside her
mother tongue. ene dili mother tongue
dil mhm aragatnayk seridesi language
is a vital medium for communication
Trkmen dili Turkmen language et urt
dilleri foreign languages dil bilimi
language education edebi dil literary
language ylmy dil scientific language
gazet dili newspaper language

Jurnalistikada okaan talyplara metbugat

dilini wredrler. Students of journalism
are taught newspaper language/style.
comp. dil amak comp. dil
aratynlyklary comp. dil birikdirmek
comp. dil bitmek comp. dil olamak
comp. dil haty comp. dil wrenmek
comp. dil wrlmezlik comp. dil
tutulmak comp. dil ujundan comp. dil
armak comp. dil etirmek comp. dil
ygnamak comp. dilden-agyzdan gal
comp. dilden-dile comp. dile ba comp.
dile dgr comp. dile garyp comp. dileagza dmek comp. dili agyr comp. dili
barmazlyk comp. dili gysgalyk comp.
dili sji comp. dili uwutmak comp.
dilim alananok comp. diliden
sypdyrmak
lantern panus [pa:nus] n lantern, lamp
lapse into silence dilden-agyzdan gal
(comp. of dil2) v lapse into silence
before death Syrkawy agday peselip
dilden-agyzdan galdy. The condition of
the sick person deteriorated and he
lapsed into silence.
large goak 2 adj large, huge goak
garpyz huge water-melon ; uly 1 adj
large, big, considerable London heri
Oksford herinden uly. London is bigger
than Oxford. say. Myhman atadan uly
say. Myhman atadan uly comp. ula
gitmek comp. ula tutmak comp. uludan
dem almak comp. uludan-ki comp.
ululy-kiili comp. uly geplemek comp.
uly-kii ; ogyn 2 [ogy:n] adj large,
stout ogyn iege large intestine
{person}
lash sapak1 2 n lash (of a plant) garpyz
sapagy lash of a water-melon;
sagylamak [sa:gylamak] v to lash,
switch, whip aty sagylamak to whip a
horse ewuk bilen sagylamak
[whipping wool when preparing it to be
made into thread]
last ekmek1 5 [ekmek] v to last, to
continue for a certain time Nahar
taarlamak uzaga ekdi. comp. ah
ekmek comp. ahmyr ekmek comp.
aak ekmek comp. ejir ekmek comp.
el ekmek comp. gam ekmek comp.
hasrat ekmek comp. hor ekmek comp.
jeza ekmek comp. kep ekmek comp.

kynylyk ekmek
kynylyk ekmek comp. nala ekmek
comp. zhmet ekmek ; etki adj last I
etki jaa bary. Go to the last house.;
dowam etmek ( dowam) v to last
Konferensia iki sagatlap dowam etdi. The
conference lasted two hours Grrimizi
a baynda dowam ederis. Well
continue our speech at tea time. Tolkun
heniz hem dowam edr. The wave is still
going. I saparymyz b gnlp dowam
etdi. Our business trip lasted five days.
To uzak gije dowam etdi. The wedding
party lasted the whole night.; geen adj
last, past geen hepde last week geen yl
last year geen zaman past tense
{grammar}; ten 1 adj last ten yl last
year ten agam last night {time}
last moments kaza [kaza:] n last
moments, last hour(s) kazasy dolmak to
die Meni babam segsen aanda kazasy
doldy. My grandfather died at the age of
eighty.
last rites iman 2 [i:ma:n] n last rites iman
bermek to give absolution; keleme n
verses recited from Quran as last rites
kelemi wrmek to read one's last
rites Musulmanlar lmezinden
kelemesini wrmeli dirler. They say
Muslims should read the last rites before
they die.
last/final ahyrky [a:hyrky] adv last/final
lasting mhletli adj lasting for a limited
time, in certain period alyk mhletli
okuw studies lasting for three months
late gi [gi:] adj late gi agam late at
night gij galmak to be late Sagadymy
batarei okp, irden uklap galypdyrn, ol
sebpli igrimi minutlyk ie gij galdym.
As my watch's battery had died, I
overslept and was 20 minutes late for
work. Biz otlyny ugraan watyndan gi
geldik. we came late from them time of
train go. gi turmak to get up late comp.
gi agy say. Hiden gi agy ; giki
[gi:ki] adj late giki gller late flowers
giki hasyl late harvest; merhum 2
[merhu:m] adj the late merhum ahyr
the late poet
lately soky dwrde (comp. of soky)
lately
later sorak adv later, afterwards, a little
late

176
latest soky adj latest, last, most recent
comp. soky dwrde
Latin latyn ['latyn] adj Latin latyn elipbii
Latin alphabet
Latinise latynladyrmak v to Latinise
latynladyrylan ilis elipbii Latinised
English alphabet
laugh glmek v to laugh, mock, laugh at
Meret onu stnden gldi. Meret
laughed at him.; glmek v to laugh
(with someone), laugh together
laughter glki 1 n laughter, laugh Meni
glki adyma denok. I am in no mood
for laughter.
launch uurmak 1 v to launch Raketany
uurmak in ony startda goup, onlukdan
aaklygyna sanap baladylar. To launch
the rocket it was installed on the launch
pad and the countdown from ten
started. Batbrek uurmak. To fly a kite.
comp. baydan huuny uurmak comp.
sz uurmak
laundery kir 2 n laundry, dirty clothes kir
uwmak to wash the clothes kir uwan
mayn washing machine (sem. domains:
5.6.4 - Wash clothes.)
law hukuk 1 [huku:k] n law raat hukugy
civil law hukuk wrenmek to study law
comp. hak-hukuk ; kanun [ka:nu:n] n
law, statute kanunlar ygyndysy code,
statute book kanuna layk legal
kanundan daary outside the law kanun
ykaryjy legislator, lawgiver btindn
dartylma kanuny law of gravity (sem.
domains: 1 - Universe, creation, 1.2 World.)
lawful halal 1 [hala:l] adj according to
Islamic law halal et meat which can be
lawfully eaten (according to Islamic
law); kanuny 2 [ka:nu:ny] adj lawful
Nemesler rn kanuny halk. Germans
are very law-abiding people.
lawyer kanuny 1 [ka:nu:ny] n lawyer,
jurist Meni kakam kanuny bolup
iler. My father works as lawyer.
lay demek 2 v to lay parket demek to
lay parquet flooring Ussalar otaga parket
dediler. The craftsmen laid parquet
flooring in the room. ; guzlamak 2 v to
lay Towuk umurtga guzlady. The hen
has laid an egg. Bu towuk gowy guzlaar.

177

gwnden turmak
This hen is a good layer. {hen}; rm 2
[:rm] n lay, laying kerpiji rmi lay
of a brick; bricklaying
layer gat 2 n layer, stratum on gat belent
ja ten floor high house; gatlak 1 n
layer kmr gatlagy layer of coal hek
gatlagy; perwaz [perwa:z] n layer
between logs in a house comp. perwaz
urmak
laziness altalyk n laziness, idleness,
indolence altalyk dumak to feel lazy
(to do. something)
lazy bigne [bi:gne] n lazy, without
work; alta n lazy person, lazy-bones
alta bolmak to be lazy
lead girizmek 1 [gi:rizmek] v to lead
someone (in, into) jaa girizmek to lead
someone into a room n agalary jaa
girizmeli. to lead children into a room
who were cold. comp. teklip girizmek ;
gurun n lead comp. gulagya gurun
gulan aly bolmak
leader batutan n leader Magalamyzda
kakam batutan bolup, hemmmize gowy
maslahatlary berr. In our family my
father gives good advice to us all as a
leader.; serdar [serda:r] n leader,
(tribal) chief, commander; olbay 1
[o:lbay] cf: direktor. n leader urt
olbaysy halk in kp ileri edr.
Leader of the country does a lot of
things for his nation.
leadership batutanlyk n leadership
Prezidenti batutanlygy bilen,
Trkmenistan uly slere etr. Under
the president's leadership, Turkmenistan
is really moving forward.; baylyk n
leadership, guidance; olbaylyk
[o:lbaylyk] n leadership, guidance
olbaylygynda under the leadership/
guidance (of) olbaylyk etmek to lead,
be in charge (of), be at the head (of)
leaf aprak 1 n leaf Gzde agalary
apraklary gaarlar. In autumn leaves
of tress fall down.
lean epiksi adj lean, meagre epiksi gyz
slim girl; daanmak 1 v to lean (on/
against), rest (against) hasa daanmak to
lean on the staff; senmek v to lean
on, lean against; agsyz [a:gsyz] adj
lean agsyz et lean meat; aplanmak v

to lean, rest (against) gapa aplanyp

durmak to lean against a door
lean against anamak 1 [a:namak] v to
lean (against), rest (against) aralyny
diwara anap godular. They rested the
patient against the wall.
learn bilmek 2 cf: bilgin. v to learn
Sapagy oat bilmek in agam wrenip
geldim. I learnt the lesson last night then
came to school. comp. bilip gomak ;
wrenmek 1 v to learn okamagy
wrenmek to learn to read Men Trkmen
dilini wrenarin. I'm learning Turkmen.
comp. aman wrenmek
learned alym 4 [a:lym] adj learned alym
adam learned person say. Alym bolmak
asat, adam bolmak kyn
lease krende n lease krendesine almak
to lease, to take on a lease, to rent
krendesine bermek to lease, to grant on
lease, to rent krende tlegi rent, rental
leather deri 2 n leather gymmat stkli
deri expensive leather; gay n leather
gay palto leather coat gay penjek
leather suit gay harytlar leather goods
gay elen zawod tannery gay kemer
leather belt gay kemer bilen dama Do
not tie with a leather belt {colloq}; gn
[g:n] n leather gn zawody leather
factory umak gn soft leather; ham1 2
[ha:m] n leather hamdan edilen made of
leather
leave ykmak 1 v to leave, go out, pop
out Ol jadan ykdy. He left his house.
den ykmak to go out of the house
gezelenje ykmak to go out for a walk
comp. aradan ykan bolup ykmak
comp. atdan ykmak ; depmek 4 v to
race off, leave suddenly say. Eek
semrese, eesini deper ; galdyrmak2 1
[ga:ldyrmak] v to leave agalary de
galdyrmak to leave the children at home
Men kitaby de galdyrdym. I left the
book at home. aary de galdyrmak to
leave the key at home comp. haran
galdyrmak comp. tsir galdyrmak ;
turmak 3 cf: durmak. v to leave, get up
to go Turdumy? Are you leaving?
comp. gwnden turmak ; ugramak v
to leave on a journey, to go, to leave
Men rek almak in rek dkana
ugraynmy? Shall I go to the bakery

epde
shop to buy some bread? Oglanlar balyk
tutmak in kle tarap ugradylar. The
boys went to the lake to fish. Guga
tarap ugraan otla zordan etidim. I
barely caught the train to Gushgy. Men
ugrayn, sagat ikide ygnagym bar. I got
to leave as I had a meeting at two
o'clock. Myhmanlar ugramaky bolsalar,
to serpayny beri. If the guests are
leaving, give them some wedding gifts.
Mary - Agabat aralykda gatnaan
awtobus on minutdan ugraar. The bus
from Mary to Ashgabat leaves in ten
minutes. Gnrtanky yssa galmankak e
ugramaly. We need to leave for home
before the midday heat. Biz deze iki
hepdelik dyn almak in ene iki gnden
ugrarys. We are leaving in two days for
the sea for two weeks vacation.
leaven hamyrmaa [hamy:rma:a] n
fermented dough, sour dough, leaven
lecture leksia ['leksia] n lecture leksia
gatnamak to attend lectures leksia
okamak to give a lecture
ledge kemer 2 n ledge dagy kemeri
mountain ledge
lee yk [y:k] adv lee Ol ykdan jyklady,
emma hi zat grp bilmedi. He tried to
look through the lee, but could not see
anything.
left ep adj left epe left, to the left epe
wrl turn left ep el left hand comp.
epde ; sol2 [so:l] n left

leftovers sarkyndy n leftovers

leg aak 1 cf: tormoz. n leg Hawanlar
drt aakda gezrler. Animals walk on
four legs. aak aldygyna gamak to
sprint, run at full speed aagyny er
tutmak 1. To start to walk 2. To start to
get some income. oturgyjy aagy rn
berk the stool legs are very sturdy comp.
aaga dmek comp. Aagyny bas!
comp. aagyy kesmek comp. aak
bagy bolmak comp. aak ekmek comp.
aak diremek comp. aak gomak comp.
aak oluna ykmak
legacy miras 2 [mi:ra:s] n legacy; atababalary mirasy legacy of ancestors
Magtymgulyny edebi mirasy.
Magtumguly's literary heritage.

178
legal halal-haram 1 [hala:l-hara:m] cf:
haram. n legal and illegal, allowed and
forbidden halal-haramy sagaryp bilenok.
He is not able to differentiate between
what is allowed and what is forbidden.;
kanuny 1 [ka:nu:ny] adj legal, lawful
kanuny gji bar bolan valid kanuny
esasda on legal grounds kanuny nika
lawful matrimony
legality halallyk 1 [hala:llyk] n
permission, sanction, legality,
lawfulness (religion) {fig}
legend hadys [hady:s] n a legend about
The Prophet Mohammed {religious};
rowaat 1 [rowa:at] n legend
rowaata gr according to the legend
leggings balak n pants, underwear,
leggings Mhri seilgh bagyna gitmek
in tze tikdiren balagyny gedi. Mahri
put some newly-sewn leggings on to go
to the park. [long underwear worn by
Turkmen ladies]
legs satan n legs
lemon limon [li'mon] n lemon Hzirki
wagtda bizi urdumyzda limon baglary
kpeldi. At present lemon trees are
increased in our country.
lending karz-kowal (comp. of karz) n
lending karz almak to lend, borrow
Daym hemme garyndalaryndan karzkowal alyp, ogluny lendirdi. My uncle
organised the marriage of his son by
borrowing from all his relatives.
length uzaklyk 2 n length
Sapaklarymyzy uzaklygy 45 minut
bolsada birinji sapagymyz derrew gutardy.
Even though the length of a lesson is 45
minutes, the first lesson ended quickly.
eper filmi uzaklygy sagada ekdi.
The film lasted three hours.; uzynlyk 1
[uzy:nlyk] n length Uzynlyga bkmekden
men birinji eri eeledim. In jumping for
long distance I took the first place.
Gn uzynlygy azy gelmegi bilen
uzaar. The length of the day grows
with the coming of spring. Inli matany
uzynlygyna gyrkjak bolup barmagymy
kesdim. While cutting cloth for length I
cut my finger. Dekabr ayny 21-i
gijesinden balap, gij uzynlygy kem-kem
gysgalar. From the 21st of December,
the length of the night decreases. Elli

179

atyr
metr uzynlygy bolan gmini men z
nusgamda grkezdim. I showed 50 metres
long ship as my example.
lengthen uzalmak 4 v to lengthen, be
prolonged Kazyeti ileri anyk
bilinmedigi sebpli gaty uzaldy. The work
of the judge was extended very much as
he didn't know what he was doing.;
uzamak 1 v to lengthen, to grow
longer, stretch Gyy gelmegi bilen
gijelerem uzaar. ki joralam bilen rn
ollarym eke baralygymdanmy gwnime
bolmasa uzaar. comp. eli uzamak
less azrak [a:zra:k] less Myhmanlar azrak
oturyp gitdiler. The few guests [who
remained] got up and left.
lesson sapak2 1 n lesson, class ilis dili
sapagy English class/lesson sapak almak
to be taught sapak bermek to teach, give
a lesson sapaklaryy erine etirmek to
do one's lessons go bu saa sapak
bolsun! let that be a lesson to you!
let go n let, may go dyn alsyn. Let him
have a rest. go ilesin. Let him work.
go mri uzak bolsun! May he live a long
life!; goberilmek 1 v to be let in ierik
goberilmek to be let in
let down amak2 3 v let out, relax
sayny amak to let one's hair down
let go gayrmak 5 v to let go/slip towugy
gayrmak to let a chicken slip comp. bir
he gayrmak comp. boun gayrmak
comp. ynjalygyny gayrmak
let out ykarmak1 4 v to let (an animal)
out Ol myhmany yla ykardy. comp. ba
ykarmak comp. netije ykarmak comp.
atdan ykarmak comp. ze ykarmak
lethargically jansyz 2 [ja:nsyz] adj
lethargically, slowly, limply, inertly
jansyz ilemek to work lethargically
let's go rmek 2 [rmek, r:] interj
let's go r, gideli! Come on, let's go!
letter harp n letter (of the alphabet),
script ba harp first/initial letter setir
harpy lower case letter uly harp capital
letter harp tanamak to be able to read,
be literate; hat 1 n letter zakazly haty
registered letter hat azmak to write a
letter comp. dil haty comp. hat-pet
gatnadan ; nama [na:ma] n letter;

written agreement, contract nama

ollamak to send a letter
level dereje 1 cf: kategoria. n level,
degree, standard Onu adan szleri
bilim derejesini grkezr. His vocabulary
indicates his level of education. Meni
gyzgynym 39 derej etdi. My
temperature has risen to 39 degrees. ;
dzlemek 1 v to flatten, make even,
level, smooth out oly dzlemek to level
a road dimii dzlemek to set an even
pace Ja galdyrmak in ilki medanyny
dzlemeli. In order to build the house
the field must first be levelled..
liar jgi 2 [j:gi] n liar, fake; alany1 n
liar, deceiver Bu oglan baryp atan
alany. This boy is compulsive liar.
librarian kitaphanay [kita:pha:nay] n
librarian kitaphanay bolup ilemek to
work as a librarian
library kitaphana [kita:pha:na] n library
ylmy kitaphana scientific library hususy
kitaphana personal library kitaphanada
ilemek to work at the library
lick lips tamanmak 1 v to lick one's
chops
licorice buan n licorice
lid gapak 1 n lid, cover, cap; top, roof
negi gapagy lid of pottle
lie aldatmak [a:ldatmak] v to lie ;
deceive, swindle; aagyy erden
zmek (comp. of zmek) to lie Sen
alan gepleseem, aagyy erden zme.
Even if you don't tell the truth, don't
lie.; alan 1 cf: alan-aryk. n lie
comp. alana ykarmak ; atyr [aty:r]
(comp. of atyrmak) aux. v lying Sen
nme in aglap atyrsy? Why are you
crying? {(following gerund) marks the
continuous mood}; atyrmak 2
[atyrmak] v to lie, recline It howluda
atyr. The dog is lying in the courtyard.
comp. atyr
lie down gyarmak 2 [gy:armak] v to lie
down Ol arym sagatlyk gyardy. He lay
down for half an hour.; atmak 1 v to
lie down, rest diwanda atmak to lie on
a sofa gapdalya gyaryp atmak to lie
down on one's side Kitap stolu stnde
atyr. The book is resting on the table.

Onu bagty atdy.

comp. Onu bagty atdy. comp. atan
pi galdyrmazlyk
lie in wait pelemek v to lie in wait
life dirilik [di:rilik] n life dirilik suwy
water of life Gyzgyn shrada dirilik
alamaty okdy. There is no sign of life in
the hot desert. Toka angyndan so
gum-gukluk,,janly-jandar ,dirilik
alamatlary ok alydy. After the forest
fire it was silent as there were no
creatures, no signs of life. Selbini
zhresi arylyp znde dirilik alamatlary
okdy. Selbi was very frightened and
her face was lifeless.; dolanyyk 3 n
life, way of life, existence Isiz
galanymdan so dolanyygym aramaz.
After I became unemployed my life
went downhill. Dolanyygyyz,
agdalaryyz nhili? How are things?;
durmu 1 cf: lenmedik, durmua
ykan, durmu gurmak, lendirmek,
lenen, lenmek. n life (time of
existence), lifetime bagtly durmu happy
life agyr durmu hard life durmu akymy
the flow/river of life Durmuy ajysyny
gren sjsini gadyr-gymmatyny biler.
The one who experiences distress in life
will know its value. agalyk dwri
bagtly we atlykly durmuy birisi.
Childhood is a time of happiness and
joy. comp. durmu gurmak durmua
ykmak comp. it durmuy ; durmu 2
cf: lenmedik, durmua ykan,
durmu gurmak, lendirmek,
lenen, lenmek. n life (mode of
existence), living durmu to wedding
durmu oly the way of life, course of
one's life Durmu oly ne agyram bolsa
biz ony eip gemeli. We must win in
our walk through life in spite of the
difficulties. Durmuy z kanunlary bar.
Life has its own laws. Turkmenistan
Garasyzlygyny alanyndan so durmu
ertleri gowulandy. Since Turkmenistan
gained independence living conditions
have improved. jemgyetilik durmuy
community life durmu toy wedding
celebration comp. durmu gurmak
durmua ykmak comp. it durmuy ;
gzeran [gzera:n] n life, existence
gzeran grmek to live, earn one's living,
exist; mydar 2 [myda:r] n life,
existence, life conditions comp. bar

180
mydarym comp. mydar etmek ; owkat
2 [owka:t] n life Owkady nhili? How
is your life? {fig}; mr 1 adj life ne
mrm herde gedi. But I spent my life
in the city. comp. mr boy ; aay
[a:ay] n life, way of life aay
ertleri living conditions aay ja
accommodation, house, dwelling
life span sal [sa:l] n life span
lifeless jansyz 1 [ja:nsyz] adj dead,
lifeless, inanimate, inorganic jansyz
tebigat inanimate jansyz gwre dead
body, corpse; li 2 adj lifeless ol gzel
grni li ruhlary-da jana getirdi. This
image of beauty brought lifeless spirits
back to life. comp. li soragyny
soramak
lifelong mr boy (comp. of bo,
mr) throughout one's life; your entire
life Adamzat durmuyny gowulandyrmak
in mr boy zhmet ekar.
Humankind strives lifelong in order to
improve their life. itilhanada ekilen
limonlar mr boy hasyl berar. Lemon
trees grown in a special house give fruit
their whole lives.; mrlik 1 adj
eternal, everlasting, forever, lifelong
...tilki ysy mrlik burnunda galar. ...the
fox's scent will stay in the [dog's] nose
forever. igidem bolup geen wakalardan
zne mrlik sapak alyp... My boy also
learned lifelong lessons from past
experiences ... comp. mrlik uka
gitmek comp. mrlik olda
lift gtermek 1 v to lift (sth. off the
ground), pick up comp. ba gter
lifted galdyrylmak 1 v to be lifted, be
taken up
light ayk 3 adj light ayk mele light
brown ayk gyzyl pink {colour};
akmak1 2 v to light nik akmak to
light a candle kkrt akmak to light a
match; ugla n light, brightness; yyk 1
n light Yyksyz, telefonsyz bolmasyn.
May there be no house without light or
a telephone.; agty 1 n light, radiance
agty samak to shine yrany agtysy
electric light Gn agty saar. The sun
is shining. Gn agtysy sunlight Ay
agtysyna by moonlight Onu zi
atlykdan aa agty saar. His face is
radiant with joy. comp. agty dn

181

ak setir
comp. atan eri agty bolsun! ; agty
2 adj light, bright agty otag light room
Daary agty. It is light outside. comp.
agty dn comp. atan eri agty
bolsun! ; agtylyk 1 n light Gn
agtylygy sunlight, sunshine; eil 1 adv
light Meni km eil. My bag is
light.; uka 2 [u:ka] adj light, thin
uka geinmek to dress lightly {clothing}
comp. uka rek
light_a_fire
lighten eletmek v to lighten (e.g..
lighten load) Biz mayny kni
eletdik. We lightened the load of car.
lightened elemek v to be lightened
Hasyly alnan aga eledi. The tree
lightened after its harvest was gathered.
lightning yldyrym n lightning yldyrym
akar. It is lightning.
like dek2 post as if, like, similar to bal dek
sji sweet as honey yldyrym dek alt
fast as lightning; de post as, like
{colloq}; gowy grmek 2 (comp. of
gowy) v to like, love, enjoy; halamak
[ha:lamak] v to like, love, find
agreeable; halamak [ha:lamak] v to
love each other, be attracted to, like;
ta 1 [ta:] cf: butada2. n like,
similar, equal ua ta similar to this,
like this comp. fiziki tadan ; akmak4
v to like gwne akmak to like Bu
owadan gyz meni gwnme akdy. I
liked this beautiful girl.; aly 1 [a:ly]
post like, similar (to) seni aly like you;
aramak 1 v to like, be fond of Bu kitap
maa araar. I like this book. Ol meni
gwnme araar. I'm very fond of it.
like magic p dwlen aly (comp. of
dwlmek) like magic Burulan iimi
bir sagatda tiz ilp p dwlen aly
etdim. I finished the work I was ordered
to do in one hour by working quickly
like magic.
like minded pikirde n like-minded
person, person of like mind, person
holding the same views
like that bele 1 adj that, like that, in
that way Bele ap edilenok... You don't
type like that... Bele gadymy trkmen
halysyny entek gremok. I haven't yet
seen a Turkmen rug as old as that.

comp. bir elesine, bir belesine gemek

; ele n like that, as that Ol ele dl. It's
not like that ele zady halamaarys. We
do not like that thing. comp. bir
elesine, bir belesine gemek comp.
ele-bele comp. ele geirmek ;
elelikde conjunction in this way
like this edip adv so, like this, like that;
ele 1 particle like this, so ele dimek
to say (something) in this way ele kp
so much, many eylemi? Really? ele
kp Ol ele gowy saz alar. Ol gyz ele
owadan.
liken mezetmek v to liken, consider
something/somebody like, compare Men
ony saa mezetdim. I compared him
with you.
likeness mezelik n likeness, similarity,
resemblance Ikimizi aramyzda kbir
mezeler bar. There are some points of
similarity between you and me.
lime hek 2 n lime hek ergini whitewash
hek day limestone sndrilen hek slaked
lime
limit en 4 n measure, limit enii bil!
You need to know your own limits!
enden artyk too much enden amak;
klendirmek v to limit, restrict, set
limit kabul ediligi klendirmek to
restrict the enrolment; het 1 n limit,
border, boundary, end hetden amak to
overstep the limits (of), exceed the
bounds (of) hetdii bilmek to know when
to stop, to know the limit (of); omak 2
v to limit (to), restrict (to) Ol "hawa"
didi-de oady. He limited his answer
to "yes".
limited kli adj limited, scanty kli
mmkinilikler limited possibilities;
legli 3 cf: belgi, nomer, san, sany.
adj limited bizi wagtymyz legli our
time is limited
line yzyk 1 n line yzyk geirmek to cross
the line yzyk nme (in) gedi? Why
did you cross the line?; nyzam 2
[nyza:m] n line nyzama durmak to stand
in line nyzam bilen remek to march
{military}; setir n line comp. ak setir
linguist dili n linguist, philologist
Filologia fakultetini gutaranlar so dili
bolup ilerler. After graduating from
the faculty of linguistics he worked as a

bil bagla
linguist. Dili bolup ilenler her dili
usulyny, grammatik dzgnlerini
wrenrler. Linguists learn methods
and grammatic rules of every language.
link baglamak 4 [ba:glamak] v to link
Goulmalar szleri biri-birine baglaarlar.
Affixes link words to each other.
{grammar} comp. bil bagla comp.
regii baglamak ; salgy 3 cf: adres. n
link Beleki satlara salgylar. Links to
other web sites.
lion arslan n lion; ir [i:r] n lion;
olbars n lion olbars agasy lion cub
urkay olbars lioness comp. olbars
rekli
lip(s) dodak [do:dak] n lip(s) Operasiada
syrkawy irik dodagyny plastik hirurg
bejerdi. The plastic surgeon treated the
lips of the patient in the operation.
Trkmen dili sapagynda dodak ekimlileri
sanap gegik. In the Turkmen lesson we
counted lip vowels. eraby dodagyma
degrip godum. I touched the wine
[glass] to my lips and sipped some
wine.
liquid suw wdrmy cf: fontan.
(comp. of suw) fountain; liquid, sauce;
suwuk adj liquid suwuk zat a liquid;
suwuklyk n liquid
liquidate zmek 2 v to liquidate, pay off
bergii zmek to pay off one's debts
Mayn alamda, eden bergimi zdm. I
paid off my debts when I bought a car.
Bergilerimi alygymdan zdm. I paid off
my debts from my salary Men bergime
derek uly trkmen halymy berip zdm. I
paid off my debt by giving [the debtor]
my large Turkmen carpet. comp.
aagyy erden zmek comp. el zmek1
comp. el zmek2 comp. mrni zmek1
comp. mrni zmek2 comp. tamay
zmek1 comp. tamay zmek2 comp.
erden rkni zmek
liquor arak 1 n vodka, liquor; akyr n
liquor; cognac, brandy, sherry, Madeira,
wine zm akyry grape brandy [Most
Turkmen wine is sweet and fortified like
Madeira.]
list sanaw [sa:naw] n register, headcount, list Sanawda ol ok. He's not in

182
the register.; spisok n list; topar 2 cf:
komanda. n list at toparlary list of
names
listen dilemek 1 v to listen (to), hear
ygnakda edilen iler barada maglumat
diledik. In the meeting we listened to a
company report. Leksiany ns bilen
dilp,professory soraglaryna jogap
berdik. We listened to a lecture
attentively and answered the professor's
questions correctly. adym-saz dilemek
listen to the music and song Lukman
arawsyz agany dilp,derman azyp
berdi. The doctor examined the sick
child and wrote a prescription. comp.
bwrii dilemek ; eitmek 2 v to listen
saz eitmek to listen to music Eidmi!
Are you listening!; gulak as (comp. of
asmak) to listen to listen, obey
listen up Pikir beri! (comp. of pikir)
Attention, please! Listen up!
listener dileji n listener, hearer,
student Zaldaky dilejiler sahna
gutarandan so erlerinden turup el
arpdylar. After the performance
finished the audience at the hall stood
up and applauded. harby akademini
dilejisi student at a military academy
Medisina institutyny nji kurs
dilejileri deri kesel hasahanasynda
tejribe gerler. The third year students
of the medical institute do work
experience in the skin desease hospital.
listing programma 5 cf: maksatnama,
proekt. n listing tetatrlary ma ay
in programmalary theatre listing for
May {theatre, concert}
literacy hat-sowatlylyk (comp. of
sowatlylyk) n literacy ilaty hatsowatlylygy literacy of population;
okuw-azuw n reading and writing,
literacy okuw-azuw wrenmek to learn
to read and write okuw-azuw bilmezlik
to be unable to read and write; sowat n
reading, literacy, ability to read;
sowatlylyk n literacy comp. hatsowatlylyk
literary edebi [edebi:] adj literary edebi
dil literary language edebi miras literary
heritage edebi eser work of art, fiction
edebi adygrlik literary monument

183

kredit
literary_merit eperilik 2 n literary
merit eseri eperiligi literary merit of a
work (of art)
literate sowatly n literate, learned, wellschooled
literature edebiat [edebia:t] n
literature edebiat kitaplary literature
ylmy derewler in edebiat toplamak to
gather books for research eper edebiat
art? fiction book(s)
literature specialist edebiaty
[edebia:ty] n specialist in study of
literature, literary critic
litre litr n litre b litr st five litres of
milk
little az-azdan [a:z-a:zdan] adv little by
little, gradually, a bit at a time suwy azazdan imek to drink water a bit at a
time; az-owlak1 [a:z-owlak] (comp. of
az) adj little, some, few Maa az-owlak
pul gerek. I need a little money.; azajyk
[a:zajyk] adv a little; biraz [bira:z] adj a
little ene biraz garasak, dkan aylar.
If we wait just a few moments the shop
will open. Biraz dyn alanymdan so
nahar biirjek. Biraz kellm agyrar.
little bit birazajyk [bira:zajyk] n a little
bit Birazajyk a gu. Pour a little tea.
Birazajyk garayp otursa somsa bier. If
you wait for a while the somsa will be
cooked. Birazajyk onap e bar.
little girl gyzjagaz n little girl
live oturmak 3 v to live Ol nirede otyr?
Where does he live? comp. otur eri ;
aamak [a:amak] v to live Sen hasy
herde aaarsy? Which town do you
live in? aap rmek to go on living
uzak aamak to live long adyan
aamak to have a good time, live well
agyr durmuda aamak to live a hand to
mouth existence comp. aa!
live together aamak [a:amak] v to
live together Maral onu bilen on yl
aayp gelr. Maral has lived with him
for ten years.
live within means bary bilen bazar
elemek (comp. of bary) to live within
one's means
livelihood eklen n livelihood eklen
etmek to earn one's living

lively janly 1 [ja:nly] adj active, alive,

living, animate janly remek to walk
quickly comp. janly-jandar
liver bagyr 1 n liver Bagry agyran
adamlara alkagol igilerini imek gadagan.
For people with liver problems it is
forbidden to have alcoholic beverages.
Hassany bagryny rentgene drdiler.
They put the sick person's liver through
the X-ray.
living gn 3 n living, life; peace Ol maa
gn berenok. He gives me no peace. gn
grmek to earn one's living
lizard hayk n lizard, gecko; kelpeze,
suwulgan n lizard Men oba gidenimde
kp kelpeze tutdym. I caught many
lizards when I went to the village.;
zemzen n lizard, gecko Garagum lnde
zemzeni kp drli grnleri bar. There
are different kinds of lizards in
Garagum desert. (sem. domains: 1.6 Animal.)
load doldurmak 4 v to load (a gun);
oklamak1 v to load, charge tpei
oklamak to load a rifle/gun {weapon};
ta 5 [ta:] cf: butada2. n load bir ta
uwal bugda one sack of wheat comp.
fiziki tadan ; urmak 8 v to load
Wagona k urmak in ilki maa rugsat
hatyy grkez. First show me your letter
of permission to load the wagons. comp.
agyz urmak comp. azm urmak comp.
hars urmak comp. Huda ursun! comp.
kk urmak comp. zi oda urmak
comp. rek urmak comp. sowuk urmak
tok urmak comp. urup amak comp.
ama urmak
load up klemek 1 v to load up Men
mayna goumy kledim. I loaded my
suitcase up to the car. comp. gn
klemek comp. stne klemek
loads birgiden Pronoun loads of, a lot of,
tonnes Birgiden ere bugda ekdik. We
sowed wheat in lots of places Adym
sapagynda birgiden adymlary wretdiler.
In the singing lesson we taught a lot of
songs. agalar birgiden alma ygdylar.
The children picked tonnes of apples.
loan karz cf: kredit. n loan, debt, grant,
credit karz almak to borrow, to lend
karz bermek to lend Hzir to ednlere
hkmet alty z manat karz berr. Now

karz-kowal
the government gives a six hundred
manat grant to people holding a
wedding celebration. comp. karz-kowal
local erli adj local, indigenous; landed,
having land erli adamlar bary-ogy
2000 sanydy. Local people were just
2000 person. comp. erli-erden ; erlierden (comp. of erli) all together
Bizi hlimiz oa erli-erden kmek
etdik. We all together helped him.
lock baglamak 2 [ba:glamak] v to lock
Srjiler mayny howpsuzlygy in ony
baglap goarlar. Drivers park and lock
the car for safety. ygylan bugday
ammara bagladylar. They locked the
gathered wheat in a barn. Krhanany
igrlerini i wagty gutarandan so,
garawul gapyny baglaar. After the
workers at the workshop have finished
work the night-watchman locks the
door. comp. bil bagla comp. regii
baglamak ; gulp 2 n lock; gulplamak v
to lock gapyny gulplamak to lock the
door; zlp n lock, curl, ringlet Jemaly
owadan zlpleri bar. Jemal has a
beautiful curls. Myrat gapysyna zlp
gody. Myrat installed a lock at his door.
locked apyk 2 adj locked apyk gapy
locked door
locust ekirtge n grass-hopper, locust
loftiness alyjenaplyk 1 n loftiness,
elevation
log prs n log, beam, timber
long arly [a:rly] adj long arly gy a long
winter; birak adj long ago Uar birak
gondy. The plane landed long ago. Oun
birak balady. Men ie birak geldim. Bu
ojak birakdan bri u erde dur.;
dowamly [dowa:mly] adj long,
prolonged, protracted, continuous
dowamly el arpymalar prolonged
applause dowamly hzirki zaman iligi
present continuous tense Ol dowamly
sgrr. He coughs continuously.
dowamly ten zaman iligi past continous
tense.; uzak 2 adj long uzak wagt long
time Maa Beik Britania gitmek in
wiza uzak wagtlyk berdiler. I was given a
log time visa for travelling Great Britain
Men gnligim sebpli indi sizi
krhanayzda uzak islp biljek dl. Since
I am moving to another place, I can't

184
work in your company very long.
agalar kn uzak wagt suwa
dmeselerem suwdan ykanlarynda
tenleri gne anypdyr. Even though the
children didn't swim for long, they have
got sunburned. {time} comp. mr
uzak bolsun! ; uzyn 1 [uzy:n] adj long
uzyn gygyrmak to shout for a long time
uzyn grlemek talk for a long time uzyn
dimlemek to walk with a long step Gy
gnlerinden tomus gnleri uzyn bolar.
Summer days are longer than autumn
ones. Uzyn oldugyna garamazdan,
joramyka ulaga mnmn rp gitdim.
Even though it was a long way, I went
to my friend's by foot not by transport.
{distance, time} say. Boy uzyny akly
kelte comp. eli uzyn comp. uzyn-uzyn
comp. ay uzyn bolsun! ; uzynlyk 2
[uzy:nlyk] adj long Gzde gije uzyn
bolar. In autumn nights get longer.
long for ymtylmak v to long for; aspire
(to), try (to); strive (for) z maksadya
ymtylyp hereket etse, oa hkman
etersi. If you strive for your aim, then
you will achieve it.
longitude uzaklyk 3 n longtitude
Geografik uzaklygy iki meridiany
arasynda bir sagat hem 15 gradus tapawut
berr. The geographic distance
between two meridian lines is a
difference of one hour and 15 degrees.
{geogr}
look after idetmek [i:detmek] v to raise
somebody/something, to bring up
somebody/something, to look (after),
care for glleri idetmek to look after
flowers
look around garanmak v to look around,
compare
look for idemek [i:demek] v to look (for),
to search, to seek, to make inquiries
idp tapmak to find Men kne dostumy
idp tapdym. I looked for my old friend
and found him.
look round garanjaklamak v to look
round, have a look around tweregie
garanjaklamak to have a look around
looked alarylmak [a:larylmak] v to be
looked at with evil intent Nme maa
alaryla? Why are you staring at me?

185

szi azamak
looking ekilli 2 adv looking owadan
ekilli gyz a beautiful girl adam ekilli
aamak to live like a person ought to
d ekilli dugy a dream-shaped feeling
looking forward intizar n looking
forward intizar bolmak to look forward
(to something)
loom dokma 1 n loom (weaving) dokma
dokamak to weave a carpet
loop halka 1 n loop (on clothing), noose,
ring
loose salpy adj flabby, saggy, loose
loose desire eli sowamak (comp. of el)
to loose the desire to do something
Merdany ii ugrukmanso eli sowady.
Since Merdan's work was not going
well, he lost the desire for it.
loosen salparmak v to become looser,
loosen
lord sultan n lord, king, master
lose azamak 2 [a:zamak] v to lose
comp. akyldan azamak comp. azaan
comp. Azaan oluny tapar. comp. szi
azamak ; elden bermek (comp. of el)
to lose, fail to win aryda utulyp
baragy elden berdik. We failed in the
competition and lost the prize.;
geirmek 7 v to lose, waste wagtyy
biderek geirmek to waste time amatly
pursady duudan geirmek to loose a
chance badan geirmek comp. biribirinden geirmek comp. bokurdakdan
geirmek comp. durmua geirmek
comp. geirn ilikler comp. gzden
geirmek comp. itden geirmek ;
kmek 3 cf: kdrmek. v to lose, to
be deprived (of) arym kenden imanym
ksn It is better to be deprived of
one's faith than to lose one's honour
(sem. domains: 3.5.4.2 - Saying,
proverb.); synmak [sy:nmak] v to be
won over, be destroyed, lose; utulmak v
to lose (at) aryda utulmak meni in
utan bolar diip gije-gndiz taarlandym.
Since losing in the competition would
be shameful for me, I prepared day and
night. say. Ouny utulanyny bilse
agy. ; itirmek 1 v to lose, be
deprived of akgyy itirmek to lose
one's penknife Sizi itirn zadyyz ok.
You've got nothing to lose. oluy
itirmek to lose one's way comp.

abrayy itirmek comp. gzden

itirmek comp. gjni itirmek comp.
huuy itirmek comp. zi itirmek
comp. itir, ok et! comp. itirip tapan
aly
lose consciousness akyldan azamak 1
(comp. of akyl, azamak) to lose
consciousness; to lose one's mind
lose heart ruhdan dmek (comp. of
dmek2, ruh1) to lose heart, become
despondent Ruhdan dmn elmydama
ruhumyz belentde bolmaly. We should
always keep our spirits up and not lose
heart.
lose mind akylyy itirmek (comp. of
akyl) to lose one's mind
lose one's way itmek 2 v to lose one's
way, go missing say. garasy itmek
comp. gzden itmek
lose prestige abrayy dkmek (comp.
of dkmek) to lose prestige Abrayy
dkmek asat, ne dikeltmek kyn. To
lose prestige is easy, to build it up is
difficult.; abrayy itirmek (comp. of
itirmek) to lose prestige Ol para-pege
alyp, abrayny itirdi. He lost his
prestige by receiving bribes.
lose respect abradan dmek 1 (comp.
of abra, dmek2) to lose respect
Aagyny gyyk basyp, ters i edip
abradan ddi. He lost his respect by
doing immoral and wrong thing.
lose touch itirmek 3 v to lose touch, not
to see Biz seni itirdik! We haven't seen
you for ages! comp. abrayy itirmek
comp. gzden itirmek comp. gjni
itirmek comp. huuy itirmek comp.
zi itirmek comp. itir, ok et!
comp. itirip tapan aly
lose way azamak 1 [a:zamak] v to lose
one's way, get lost Biz gijelikde azadyk.
We got lost at night. comp. akyldan
azamak comp. azaan comp. Azaan
oluny tapar. comp. szi azamak ;
oluy urdurmak (comp. of ol) to
lose one's way; to go astray
lose weight arryklamak v to lose weight,
get thin; horlanmak 1 [ho:rlanmak] v
to become thin, to become weak, lose
weight Ol keselln dwrnde horlanypdyr.
he became thin while he was ill Saa

zelel

186
birneme horlanmak gerek. you have to
lose weight; iglemek [i:glemek] v to
grow thin, to lose weight Operasiadan
so Gzel igledi. Gozel lost weight after
the operation.
loss itgi 1 n loss, waste hasyl
ygymyndaky itgi harvesting losses,
harvesting waste itgini ni almak to
eliminate/cut out waste {agriculture,
industry}; zyan 2 [zya:n] cf: zelel,
zeper. n loss zyan ekmek to incur
losses {finances} comp. Zyany ok.
losses itgi 2 n losses adam itgisi losses in
men uly itgi serious losses {humans}
lost azaan (comp. of azamak) adj stray,
lost aza goun the lost sheep
bozgaklary yzyna dp azaan adam he
joined the rioters and became bad too
lot bije [bi:je] n lot bije atmak to cast lots
bije ekmek to draw lots (e.g. straws)
Oun balamazdan , bije atmaly. Before
starting the game you need to cast lots.
Bijeli oglan aglamaz ; k 3 n strip of
land, lot l ginde ot az.; nesibe 2
[nesi:be] n lot, luck, destiny, fortune
nesibe dmek to fall to one's lot
nesibedkini grmek to try one's destiny ;
rysgal 1 cf: rysk. n lot, portion;
provision Ol z rysgalyny gara hyzmaty
bilen gazanar. He earns what is due to
him by the sweat of his brow. say.
Baguu rysgaly agzyna geler ; rysk 1
cf: rysgal. n lot; fate comp. rysky
arylmadyk
loud iti 6 adj loud iti ses loud voice
comp. iti zehinli comp. iti-iti ;
zorruk adj loud, shrill zorruk ses shrill
voice Men indi onu zorruk sesine ydap
bilemok. I can't bear her shrill voice
anymore.
loudly batly 3 [ba:tly] adv loudly Aman
batly sesi bilen adym adar. Aman
sings with a loud voice.
loudness itilik 6 n loudness sesi itiligi
loudness of a voice
loudspeaker kolonka 3 [ka'lonka] cf:
stn. n loudspeaker
love bent1 n love Ol gyzy a aly kebi
meni zne bent etdi. That girl's
appearance, like the moon, made me
fall in love with her.; muhabbet 1 n

love Onu znden mhir-muhabbet

agyp dur. His face is filled of full love.;
sgi n love; smek v to love sn
gyzy his girlfriend; yk n love, passion
yk ody love affair yka dmek to fall in
love (with), to be fond (of)
lover ayk [a:yk] n lover ayk bolmak to
fall in love; maguk [magu:k] n lover,
girlfriend Leli Mejnuny magugy. Leyli
is Mejnun's lover/girlfriend.; ona n
lover, boy-friend, girl-friend; mistress
Onu aaly rini onayny bardygyny
bilipdir. His wife knew her husband has
a lover.
lovers ayk-maguk [a:yk-magu:k] n
lovers
low gaharly adj low in spirits, feeling
bad; pes 1 adj low pes atagy low shed
comp. pes gwnli comp. pese dmek
comp. eri pesi bilen comp. eri pesi
bilen hereket etmek
lower aak 4 [aa:k] post below ewany
aagynda the entrance is below comp.
aakky (aakdaky) comp. aak aagynda
; aakky (aakdaky) (comp. of aak)
post lower, down aakky kitaby almak to
pick up the book which is lower down;
aaklamak 2 [aa:klamak] v to lower,
drop Loma swdada harydy bahas
aaklaar. The wholesale price of goods
has dropped.; aaklatmak
[aa:klatmak] v to lower, let down; cut
bahalary aaklatmak to cut prices;
peseltmek 1 cf: peselmek. v to lower,
reduce, bring down bahalary peseltmek
to reduce the prices sesii peseltmek to
lower one's voice gulluk derejesini
peseltmek to demote
lowland peslik 2 n lowland, depression
loyal berk 3 adj loyal berk bedenli igit A
loyal young man.; janker 1
[ja:nker] cf: jana-jan. adj faithful,
devoted, loyal, trustworthy
luck rowalyk [rowa:lyk] n luck,
success, progress Ol swda ilerine geip,
rowalyk tapdy. He changed to a job in
business, and found success there.;
shet n luck, appropriate shetli lucky
sheti bellenmek to appoint as the lucky
day [One of the days when it is possible
to work, or have a wedding, or
whatever. Some days are considered

187

regini armak
unlucky for certain tasks such as sewing
or moving house/yurt.]; ow n luck
lucky wmek v to be lucky, be in luck
Meki wdi. I am lucky.; gutly n lucky
Gutly bolsun! Congratulations!;
malaly adj lucky malaly adam
lucky person; shetli lucky,
inauspicious shetli gn inauspicious day
[One of the days when it is possible to
work, or have a wedding, or whatever.
Some days are considered unlucky for

certain tasks such as sewing or moving

house/yurt.]; owly adj lucky,
successful, fortunate
luggage k 2 n luggage, baggage k
goulan er luggage compartment k
we el golary kamerasy left luggage office
lullaby hwdi n lullaby
lunch gnortanlyk n lunch
lung ken n lung ken perdesi pleura
ken imesi pneumonia {anatomy}

Mm

machine mayn 1 [may:n] n machine,

mechanism geim uwan mayn
washing machine kagyz kesn mayn
paper guillotine
machine-tool stanok [sta'nok] n machine
tool, machine; bench
mad guduz 1 adj mad, rabid guduz it mad
dog, rabid dog guduz amak to go mad,
become rabid
magazine urnal 1 n magazine,
(academic) journal Bizi urdumyzda
ilis dilinde hem urnal ykyp balady.
The magazine is started to publish in
English too in our country.
magic keramatly 1 [kera:matly] adj
saintly, miracle working, holy, sacred
Taryhda kp keramatly adamlar aapdyr.
Many saintly people have lived
throughout history. keramatly erler
sacred places
Magtymguly Magtymguly 2 n
Magtymguly Magtymguly trkmeni beik
ahyry. Magtymguly is a great Turkmen
poet.
maid ory [o:ry] n servant-girl,
(house)maid {colloq}; denier n
maid, servant denier aal maid,
domestic (servant)
main esasy 1 [esa:sy] adj main, principal,
primary, most important, basic esasy
maksat primary purpose esasy mesele
main issue esasy ugurlar bouna

ekzamen tabyrmak. to have exams on

the main directions
maize jwen n maize, corn, Central Asian
sorghum Biz towuklarymyz in jwen
satyn aldyk. We bought maize for our
hens.
majesty alyhezret adj (your) majesty
major kapital 2 [kapitail] adj major,
thorough
majority aglaba [agla:ba] n majority;
galapyn [galapy:n] adj majority, most
of talyplary galapyny most of the
students
make edinmek 2 v to make (for oneself)
ertirlik nahary edinmek to get breakfast
magala bolup nahar edinmek to have a
meal with family comp. maksat
edinmek ; godurmak v to make
someone stop doing something agany
aglamasyny godurmak to quieten/
soothe a child ilim ekmegi godurmak
to make someone give up smoking;
guwandyrmak v to make glad/happy,
cause joy, gladden agany guwandyrmak
to make a child glad/happy; azynmak
v to make, spread, lay (for oneself)
dek azynmak to make the bed
make a hole in armak 7 [a:rmak] v to
make a hole in diwary armak to make a
hole in a wall comp. bagty da armak
comp. dil armak comp. regini
armak

jalamak
make a move gmek 2 v to make a
move aly gmek to make the wrong
move
make angry gaharlandyrmak v to make
angry, anger, vex, tease, irritate
make bitter ajatmak [a:jatmak] v to
make something bitter, make something
strong
make complaints zerenmek 2 v to
make complaints Adamlar administratora
zerendiler. People made complaints to
administration.
make cry aglatmak [a:glatmak] v to
make someone cry
make fall into hands ele drmek1 to
make someone fall into the hands of
Jenaat edenleri ele drmek in
polisia igrleri jan edip ilerler.
Policemen work hard to make criminals
fall into hands. u pekleri arzan
bahadan ele drdim. this silk was fall
cheap by me.
make fit jalamak 2 [ja:lamak]
[ja:lamak] cf: jalamak. v to make fit
make for gnkmek 1 v to make one's
way (to), make (for), direct one's steps
here tarap gnkmek to make one's
way to the town
make happy begendirmek v to make
glad/happy, cause joy Bu habar ony rn
begendirdi. This news made him very
happy.; begeltmek 3 v to make happy
Seni atlygy meni begeldr. Your
happiness makes me happy. comp.
tumugyy begeltmek
make head spin tgemek 4 cf:
tgetmek. v to make one's head spin
Sen kiden btinle tgpsi. Ol
birneme spdir hem tgpdir. Ol takyr
medanlar tgedi. Howa tgejek bolar.
Meni garaym tgedi. Bizi
durmuymyz btinle tgedi. Et tgp
balapdyr. Bu suw tgpdir. Ol nsag
tgedi. Mayn helkiliginde bir adam
tgpdir. Seni kell tgpdir. Ol
tgn aly-la? {colloq}
make healthy sagdynladyrmak cf:
sagdynlamak. v to make healthy,
bring into a healthy state
make kneel kermek 2 v to make
someone or something kneel Men dni

188
zordan kerdim. It was difficult for me
to make the camel kneel.
make laugh gldrmek v to make
someone laugh Ol aglap oturan agany
gldrdi. He made the crying baby
laugh.
make mistake alymak 1 v to make a
mistake
make ones name at almak (comp. of
almak) to make one's name, make a
name for one's self
make peace aramak1 v to make peace
(with), come to an understanding, be
reconciled (with) Men to gni onu
bilen aradym. I was reconciled with
him on wedding day.
make plan dony biilmek (comp. of don)
v to make a plan Seni gelejegi barada
biz eam dony biindik. We have
already made plans for your future.
make return dndermek 3 [d:ndermek]
v to have someone come back/return
Biz ony aramaz plinden dnderdik. We
turned him from his evil desire. Gidip
baran pyada yzyndan gygyryp yzyna
dnderdik. We cried out to turn him
back. Kerweni yzyna dndermek in
yzyndan atlyny ugratdyk. We sent the
horseman after the caravan to turn it
back. olagyny dndermek in uly
sebp gerek. There needs to be a good
reason for turning back the passenger.
make shine aklamak 3 [a:klamak] cf:
agartmak. v to make something shine
Aal km emeleri sirke bilen aklady.
The woman polished the spoons with
vinegar.
make someone return dolandyrmak 1 v
to get someone to come back, go back,
turn back, return Bu gykylyk ony yza
dolandyrdy. This noise made her turn
back. ykyp giden doganymy yzyna
dolandyrmak in yzyndan gygyrdym. As
he left I cried out for my brother to
come back. atdan ykan zatlarymy
almak in taksini yzyna dolandyrdym. I
made the taxi go back in order to collect
my forgotten things. Srni oba tarap
dolandyrdyk. We turned the flock back
towards the village.

189

bary
make sound seslenmek v to make a
sound
make stop eline kakmak (comp. of el) to
make someone stop atlyk hapa onajak
bolanda eline kakdym. When Shatlyk
wanted to play dirty I stopped him.
Kemal jenaata ay ba goanda agalary
eline kakdylar. When Kemal started to
get involved in criminal activities, his
brothers stopped him.
make swell iirmek 1 [i:irmek] v to
make something swell up comp.
regini iirmek
make trouble ulamak 2 v to make
trouble for oneself, to be asking for
trouble, commit Ntany adamlar bilen i
salyyp bir bela ulaama. When working
with strangers, don't make trouble for
yourself. Wepa tiz baajak bolup jenaat
iine ulady. comp. Tou toa ulasyn!
(arzuw, tost)
make walk retmek 1 cf: remek. v to
make somebody walk comp. pikir
retmek
make way to emek 2 v to make one's
way (to), direct one's steps (to), go
down (to), go up (to) Olar bazara tarap
ediler. They made their way to the
market.
make worse peseltmek 3 cf: peselmek. v
to make worse hilini peseltmek to make
the quality worse
make_fit erledirmek 1 v to make
something fit Bu golary emedana
zordan erledirdim. I had real difficulty
fitting these things into the suitcase.
make_play
male erkek n male erkek adam man Erkek!
What a man! erkek mal male animal Ol
erkek adamdyr. He's a man, after all.
baar erkek A five-year-old male
erkek gbekli male person
male goat teke n male goat; billy goat
comp. Teke
malice gaharjalyk n malice, spite, illnaturedness, fury
man adam 1 [a:dam] n man, human onu
adamy his man, he belongs to him Adam
- Huday erde i beik aradan
jandary. Human being - the greatest of

God's creatures on earth. comp. adam

bolmak comp. adam etmek
manage without omak 1 v to do
(without), manage (without), make
(without) kmeksiz omak to do without
any help
management direksia [di'reksia] n
management, managers, board of
directors Mekdep direksiasyny
ygnagynda tze mekdep meilnamasy
kabul edildi. The new school programme
was accepted at the management
meeting of the school . Krhanany
direksiasy sagat bde ygnak geirjek.
The management of the business will
hold a meeting at five oclock.
manager balyk n manager, director,
speaker, chairman, chief, head; boss
Kazyeti ba kazysy adalatly adam. The
court's chief judge is a just man.
{colloq}; hojalyky n manager (of an
enterprise), owner, housewife
hojalyky house keeper, house wife,
house husband; olbay 2 [o:lbay]
cf: direktor. n manager Kompaniany
olbaysy tze nmi
mahabatlandyrmalaryny grkezdi.
Manager of the company presented
advertisements of a new product.
manat manat n manat, local currency
Bizi urdumyzda regi bahasy 1 manat
igrimi tee. A bread costs one manat
twenty coin in our country. [used in
Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan]
manger ahyr2 [a:hyr] n food trough,
manger
mangy kel 1 adj mangy, scabby kel oglan
mangy boy kel bolmak to be covered
with scabs
mankind ynsan 2 [ynsa:n] n mankind
Seni u naynsaplygy ynsan gylygy dl!
You don't have the typical
unscrupulousness of human nature!
{species, plural}
manners bary 2 cf: bary. (sp. var. of
bary) n manners Merdany toda zni
alyp bary erbetdi, ol alkogol iip oglanlar
bilen gohlady. Merdan's behaviour at
the wedding was poor, he drank and
ended up fighting with other lads.
{etiquette}

kp adamly
manty manty n manty Bizi magalamyz
etl garanda kdi mantyny has gowy
grr. Our family likes pumpkin manty
more than meat manty. [Turkmen dish
made of pasta stuffed with meat or
vegetables, and then steamed in a
steamer]
manufacturer senagaty [sena:gaty] n
manufacturer, industrialist
manure ders3 n manure, dung ekinlere
ders bermek to fertilise
manuscript golazma n manuscript,
hand-written document
many kn1 adv a lot, much, too much,
many kn gezek many times, several
times kn okamak to read a lot; kp 1
adv a lot, many, much rn kp very
much, a lot of kp okamak to read a lot
kpsi most (of them) comp. kp
adamly comp. kp nokat ; ona adj
many, much, lots of Ona puly sen ndip
tapjak? How can you find so much
money?
map karta 1 ['karta] n map, chart
geografik karta geographic map
Maral maral 2 n Maral Obamyzda Maral
daza halyy bolup iler. Aunt Maral
works as carpet maker in our village.
[Girl's name]
marble mermer marble ak mermer white
marble Agabat Ak mermer her
hkmnde Ginnesi rekordlar kitabyna
girdi. Ashgabat is inserted into Ginneus
record book as the White marble city.
March mart n March sekizinji mart the
8-th of March 8-nji mart halkara zenanlar
gni! The 8th of March is the day of
International Women's day!
mark bal2 2 [ba:l] n mark, grade (at
school) Matematika olimpiadasynda i
kp bal alan, ikinji orta mekdep boldy.
The school that got the highest marks in
the Mathematics competition was the
'2nd Middle School'.; barlamak 2
[ba:rlamak] v to check, mark Mugallym
okuwylary depderlerini barlaar. The
teacher marks the pupils' exercise
books.; belgi 1 cf: nomer, legli, san,
sany. n mark, sign Toa beriln gap anaklary dbne belgi goular. The
dishes lent for a wedding are marked

190
under their base. ol belgileri road signs
comp. dyngy belgileri ; bilet 3 [bi'let] n
mark Ekzamende gowy bilet ekdim. I got
a good mark in the exam.; salmak 5 cf:
salynmak2. v to mark, put a mark (on)
tagma salmak to put a mark (on) comp.
abradan ayrmak comp. aldawa
salmak comp. bilmezlige salmak comp.
di salmak comp. duzaga salmak comp.
sala salmak comp. tertibe salmak comp.
yzyna it salmak comp. ola salmak ;
tike n circular marks in bread
market bazar [ba:zar] n market, bazaar,
marketplace Mal bazarda salama mallar
bar. In the animal market there are
good quality animals. Tomus, bazarda
gwni isln zadyny alyp bolar. In the
summer you can buy lots of good stuff
in the market.
marketable rgnli 2 adj marketable, in
great demand, easy to sell rgnli
harytlar saleable merchandise
marriage nika [nika:] n marriage raat
nikasy civic marriage nika
ahadatnamasy marriage certificate
nikada durmak to be married nikany
bozmak to get a divorce nika gymak to
go through a wedding ceremony, say
one's marriage vows
marriage arranger sowy n marriage
arranger, person who arranges the
marriage
married durmua ykan cf: lenmedik,
durmu, durmu gurmak,
lendirmek, lenen, lenmek. adj
married (said about a woman) durmua
ykmadyk gyz unmarried woman,
spinster, unmarried girl z agalaryny
durmua ykarmak, lendirmek, liiikli etmek hemme ene-ata maksady. To
see their children married and to have a
home is purpose of all parents. ; rli
(comp. of r) adj married rli aal
married woman; magalaly adj
married, having a family magalaly
adam family man magalaly bolmak to
have a family, be married; nikaly
[nika:ly] adj married nikaly aal
married woman Nikaly aalyndan bolan
aga. A child born from married a
woman.; lenen cf: lenmedik,
durmu, durmua ykan, durmu

191

ekspert
gurmak, lendirmek, lenmek. adj
married [re. man only]; li-iikli 1
[li-i:ikli] adj married li-iikli adam
married person li-iikli etmek to marry
off li-iikli bolmak to marry, get
married {m}
marrow ilik n marrow Doganlary
Akpamygy keigi iligi bilen bakypdyrlar.
Brothers of Akpamyk treated her with
marrow of deer.
marry durmu gurmak cf: lenmedik,
durmu, durmua ykan,
lendirmek, lenen, lenmek.
(comp. of durmu) v to marry, get
married Durmu gurmak in z tayy
tapmaly. In order to marry you need to
find your partner.; durmua ykmak (
durmu) to marry, get married Men
Oraza durmua ykjak dl. I refuse to
marry Oraz. [Only refers to girls. For
boys see lenmek.]; lenmek cf:
lenmedik, durmu, durmua
ykan, durmu gurmak, lendirmek,
lenen. v to marry lenen married
(man) lenmedik bachelor, single man,
unmarried man {m}
marry off ermek v to marry (off) ogul
ermek to marry (off) one's son {m};
lendirmek cf: lenmedik, durmu,
durmua ykan, durmu gurmak,
lenen, lenmek. v to marry off
marry_off erledirmek 5 v to marry off
(one's daughter)
martyr grgli 1 n martyr, sufferer
martyr's ejirli 2 adj martyr's ejirli lm
martyr's death
mask perde 5 n mask ne ahyrsoy
akyny zndki perdesi sypyrylar.
But in the end the mask on his face slid
off.
mason onujy n mason onujy aga onup
dur eken. Mason was chipping the wood.
mass kpliklein adj mass, popular
kpliklein hereket mass movement
mass death gyrgyn n mass death, total
destruction gyrgyn degmek to die (in
large numbers), be wiped out gyrgyna
salmak to kill, destroy, annihilate, wipe
out
massage

master hkmrowan [hkmrowa:n] n

master, owner, one who dominates,
ruler, lord; ussat 1 [ussa:t] cf: ekspert.
n master, expert Kasparow kt ouny
ussady. Kasparov is a master chess
player.
master's degree magistr [ma'gistr] n
master's degree, MA, MSc, magistrate Ol
ere magistr hem geldi. The magistrate
has arrived there too.
match duuyk 3 [du:uyk] n match,
meeting Bazar gni a futbolylar
duudylar. On Sunday the young
footballers had a match. agyp duran
gar bilen agy sportsmenleri
duuyklaryna psgel bermedi. Rain and
snow did not prevent the sport meeting.
{sports}; kkrt 2 n match, light kkrt
akmak to light a match; otlup
[o:tlup] n match, light bir gap otlup
box of matches otlup gaby match-box
otlup akmak to light/strike a match;
utgamak 2 v to match Tze tikinen
knegimde sary rek bilen ayl rek
utgady. In my new dress yellow and
green colours are matched together.
matchmaker sawy [sa:wy] n marriage
arranger, matchmaker sawy ibermek to
send marriage arrangers sawy bolmak
to become a marriage arranger Dazam
sawy bolmagy gowy grenso mydama
ili nde. My aunt wants to become
an arranger of marriages so she's always
amongst the people. ki dwrde sawy
bolup auly adamlar bilen mollany
ugratardylar. Previously those elders
who wanted to become matchmakers
were shown the ropes by Mullahs.
[Usually the parents of the hopeful
groom go to the parents of the girl he
wants to marry, and they try and
arrange a marriage. Sometimes the boy
and girl have already become friends,
but often they only meet for the first
time after the arrangement has been
made.]
matchmaking sawylyk [sa:wylyk] n
marriage-arranging, matchmaking
sawylyga gitmek to go and arrange a
marriage [Usually the parents of the
hopeful groom go to the parents of the
girl he wants to marry, and they try and
arrange a marriage. Sometimes the boy

belli, anyk
and girl have already become friends,
but often they only meet for the first
time after the arrangement has been
made.]
material material [materi'al] n material;
stuff gurluyk materialy building/
construction materials material toplamak
to collect material; real [re'al] cf: belli,
anyk. adj real, material
maternal enelik adj maternal, motherly
or stepmother enelik borjy motherly debt
enelik alada maternal care Ol meni
eneligim. she is my stepmother.
mattress dek 1 n mattress, bedding,
sleeping mat diwany stne azylan
dek a mattress spread out on a sofa
bed dek salmak to make a 'bed' dek
ygnamak to take up a mattress Irden
turup atan deklerii ygnamaly. When
you get up in the morning you have to
gather up the mattresses. Dek stne
gei! Come and sit on the mattress!
Durmua ykan gyza ejesi organ,dek
we assyk berr. The mother gives
mattresses and pillows to her married
daughter. Tze otaga dek dp, tze
tuty asdym. I put new mattresses and
curtains in the new room.; deke n
small mattress pek deke silk
mattress
mature kemala gelmek 2 (comp. of
kemal) v grow up, mature, reach
maturity, attain one's majority, become
a man, be ready kemala gelen gyz a girl
of the full legal age, an adult girl
maturity, adulthood, ripeness, benefit,
favour kemal 1 [kema:l] n - Iiden
kemal tapmak. To enjoy the benefits of
your work. comp. kemala gelmek comp.
kemala getirmek
matyr ehit1 2 n matyr

May Magtymguly 1 n May ki kalendar

bouna ma ay - Magtymguly ay
bolmaly. According to old calendar the
month Magtymguly must be the month
of May. [Magtymguly is a famous
ancient Turkmen poet after whom the
month is named]
may God ylahym [yla:hy:m] interj may
God... Ylahym, ele bolsun. May God, let
it happen. Ylahym, ay uzak bolsun!
May God, let live you long!

192
maybe megerem adj maybe, perhaps,
possibly Megerem ol syrkawdyr. Probably
he is ill. Meger ol em gelendir.
Perhaps he has already come.
mayor hkim n mayor, governor, ruler (of
specific town or area)
meadow emenlik n flowering/
blossoming meadow; llezar [lleza:r] n
flower-filled meadow Garagum li
llezarlyga wrldi The Garagum desert
has returned into meadow; ri [:ri] n
meadow, pasture mallary r kowmak to
take a flock out to pasture; ala
[a:la] n meadow, pasture gk ala
green meadow alada goun bakmak to
tend sheep at pasture
meal a 2 n meal Men a idim. I have
eaten noodles. comp. a salamak comp.
aa dmek ; duz-tagam [du:z-tagam]
(comp. of duz) n meal, food
Myhmanylykda duz-tagam iip,sora
dutar dilp oturdyk. Being guests we ate
a meal and then listened to the dutar.;
owkat 1 [owka:t] n meal; food tagamly
owkat delicious food owkat edinmek to
eat; to dine
mean alamatlandyrmak
[ala:matlandyrmak] v to mean, signify
Ol grkeziji olu howpludygyny
alamatlandyrar. That road sign
indicates danger.; alatmak 1
[a:latmak] v to mean, express, convey
meaning Nme etmeli dldigini aga
alatmak gerek. It is necessary to explain
to a child what not to do.; dimek 4 v
to mean, signify Nme dimek isle?
What do you want/mean to say? Men
saa dijegimi didim. I told you what I
meant. Men bu ii talasam dirin. I
mean I want to give up this job. Dimek,
biz gij galarys. This means we are going
to be late.
meaning many 1 [ma:ny:] n meaning,
sense sz manysy meaning of the
word sz doly manysynda in the true
sense of the word sz gni manysy
literal sense of a word sz gme
manysy metaphorical sense of a word
many alatmak to mean many bermek to
make sense manysy bolmak to make
sense manysy ok there is no sense (in),

193

atdan ykmak
there is no point (in) comp. many
ykarmak
meaningful manyly [ma:ny:ly] adj
meaningful, full of meaning; significant
manyly szler words full of meaning
meaningless howay [howa:y] adj
meaningless, groundless, baseless,
unfounded, vain, ungrounded howay
habat empty/idle threat howay szler
empty/meaningless words howay
arzuwlar castles in the air, pipe-dreams
means seride [seri:de] n means,
facilities, resources; ugur 4 cf: ugruna.
post sense, meaning, method Onu
adanlaryny ugry bar. there is sense in
what he says Onu gepini ugry ok. His
speech is meaningless. {e.g.
intellectual} ugruna bolmak comp.
ugruna ykmak comp. ugur almak
comp. ugur hayr bola! comp. ugur
tapmak ; agda 5 n means, resources
agdaym ok. I haven't got the means.
{finances}
measure re 1 n measure, step tialyk
releri precautions, precautionary
measures agytly reler grmek to take
drastic measures; gez n measure, length
b gez p five length rope comp. bir
gez begelmek comp. bir gez okary
galmak ; leg n measure agram legi
weight measures uzynlyk legi
measurements of length birlik legi one
measure of unit aakgaby legi shoe
size legini saklamak to keep within
limits legini bilmezlik carrying things
too far, not knowing when to stop
legii bilmek to know when to stop
comp. barrel legi ; lemek 1 v to
measure en bilen lemek to measure by
eye ulugy lemek to sound, fathom
kimdir birini temperaturasyny lemek to
take somebody's temperature Kostumy
lp gr. Try on the suit. comp. edi
lp bir kes. ; lermek 2 v to weigh;
to consider, think over, turn over in
one's mind men ony kp lerip grdm I
thought over it too much
measured legli 1 cf: belgi, nomer,
san, sany. adj measured legli mata
measured cloth
measurements ululyk 2 n measurements
Matematika sapagynda mygallym

"hemielik ululyk" temasyny gedi. The

maths teacher taught a lesson on
constants. {mathematics}
meat et 1 n meat etli nahary imen adam
vegetarian et wen mincer sygyr eti
mutton or beef et satan dkan meat
selling shop etini imek to eat its meat
etden geip, ske ornamak to get past
the meat and onto the bone; etli adj
meat etli imit meaty food etli nahar the
meal with meat comp. etli-ganly
medicinal dermanlyk 1 [derma:nlyk] adj
medicinal dermanlyk otlar medicinal
herbs
medicine derman 1 [derma:n] n
medicine, drug, tonic derman imek to
take one's medicine derman bermek to
give/administer medicine dag howasy
jana derman mountain weather is a
tonic for the soul Seni her sz maa
derman. Your every word is a tonic to
me.; dri 2 n medicine Men dri idim. I
had medicine. {dial}; em n medicine
keseli emi remedy for a disease em
etmek to cure bir ii emini tapmak to
find solution of work; medisina
[medi'sina] cf: lukmanylyk, wralyk.
n medicine Trkmenler kp ot-pi
medisinada ulanarlar. Turkmens use
many grass/weed in medicine.
Mediterranean erorta Dezi (comp. of
orta) the Mediterranean Sea
medium palman [pa:lma:n] cf: paly. n
medium
medrassa medrese n medrassa (muslim
college for religious instruction)
Trkmenistanda mehur medreseler
bolupdyr. There were famious medresses
in Turkmenistan. {religious}
meek kiigwnli adj meek, a soft touch,
modest, humble Kiigwnli adam, nme
dise ol eder. A meek person will do
whatever you want.
meet ykmak 6 v meet nde ykmak to
meet (someone) comp. aradan ykan
bolup ykmak comp. atdan ykmak ;
dumak 1 [du:mak] v to meet, come
across, encounter Men kne
mugallymyma dudum. I met my old
teacher. Eneme yllap gzlp ren
sgime dudum. I searched for a long
time before I encountered love. Sirki

sz bilen eretmek
anynda men jorama dudum. I met my
friend near the circus. ; duumak
[du:umak] v to meet, encounter Men
seni bilen duumak islerin. I want to
meet with you. Teatrda z kursdaym
bilen ttnden duudum. Suddenly I met
my course mate in the theatre. Ertir
duumak in wagt belleeli. Lets
arrange a time to meet tomorrow.
Plwanlar duuarlar. The wrestlers are
meeting. olbaylar maslahat geirmek
in duuarlar. The leaders meet for
discussions. Medisina igrleri
konferensia geirmek in duudular.
The medical workers met for a
conference. Agam duuup, restorana
gideli. Let's meet and go to the
restaurant.; gary 3 post to meet
gelnleri gary almak To meet the
visitors. myhmanlary gary almak to
meet the guests; garylamak 1 v to
welcome someone myhmanlary hormat
bilen garylamak respectfully welcome
guests; grmek 1 v to see each other,
meet ene-de grnk, sag bol. Until
we meet again, goodbye! her gn
grmek to meet each other every day;
satamak v to meet, collide, bump into
men oa kede satadym I met him in
the street
meeting du2 [du:] n meeting, encounter,
occurrence du gelmek a) to meet
someone b) to be faced with (a
situation) c) to occur olda du gelmek to
meet someone on the way du etmek /
bolmak to meet De etmn, du etmez.
nakyl To meet someone the same as
him. Biz tokada tilk du geldik. We
encountered a fox in the forest. Huda
bela-betere du etmesin-d! May God not
let us encounter trouble!; duuyk 1
[du:uyk] n meeting, get-together,
encounter, rendezvous duuyk eri a
meeting place Aeroportlar duuyk we
arylyyk erdir. Airports are the places
for meeting and departing. Duuyk
sjdir, aralyk ajy (adym). Meeting is
sweet, departing is bitter. (a song) ;
ygnak n meeting ygnak geirmek to
hold a meeting ygnakda kp zatlar
barada maslahatlayldy. A lot of things
were discussed at the meeting.

194
melancholic gwnkgn n
melancholic person, pessimist
gwnkgn adam pessimist
melody he 1 n melody, tune; he2 n
melody, tune bir he gayrmak to play a
melody; labyz 2 n melody mylaym
labyz pleasant melody; owaz 2 [owa:z]
n melody, tune
melon azgyn2 [a:zgyn] n a type of melon
azgyn gawun melon that spoils quickly
[quick ripening or early melon];
garrygyz [garrygy:z] n a large, green,
melon with a wrinkled skin; gawun
[ga:wun] n sweet melon "Garrygyz" old
maid; one type of melon gawun [e.g.
honeydew, gala, waharman]; zama n
melon, for 40 days melon Zama bizi
urdumyzda kyrk gne bir. Melons are
ripe within forty days in our country. [a
small sweet melon]
melon grower bakjay n melon grower
Hzirki dwrde bakjaa terbiei
dirler. Currently melon-growers are
classed as instructors.
melt douny zmek (comp. of do) v to
melt Aglap oturan gyzymy kedirip
,kesini azyp, doyny zdim. I
comforted my weeping daugter and
melted away her anger. ; eremek 1 v to
melt Yssyda duran ag erpdir. The
butter melted in the heat. Bizde gar alt
erer. Snow quickly melts round here.;
eretmek 1 v to melt suwda duzy eretmek
to melt salt in the water comp. sz bilen
eretmek
melt heart eremek 3 v to melt the heart
(of) Owadan gyzy gren igit derrew eredi.
The beautiful girl quickly melted the
heart of the lad who had seen her.
member agza 1 [agza:] n member of an
organization; user of a web-site Men
tebigaty gorajylary guramasyna agza
boldum. I was a member of an
environmental protection organization.
agza ady username
membership agzalyk [agza:lyk] adj
membership
memo atlama 3 [a:tlama] n note,
memo atlamada azylyyna gr ol u
gn gelmeli. According to notes, he must
come today. {written}

195

z emeline zi olamak
memorial feast hudaoly 1
[huda:o:ly] n memorial feast,
thanksgiving feast
memories atlama 1 [a:tlama] n
recollection, memories Mekdep yllary
baradaky atlamalar me ruhumy
begeldr. Memories from school years
makes my soul happy.
memorise at tutmak (comp. of at2) to
memorise Men trkmene gogyny at
tutdum. I've memorised some Turkmen
poems.
memory hakyda [haky:da] n memory,
recollection, rememberance hakyda
gelmek to remember hakyda salmak to
remember Eger hakydamdan ykmadyk
bolsa. If my memory doesn't fail me.
Ony haan grenim hakydama gelmer. I
do not remember when I saw him; at2
[a:t] n memory, mind atdan atmak to
recite atdan ykmajak unforgettable Sen
mhm meselni stnden bardy, muny
meni adyma drdi. You came
across an important issue, and reminded
me about it. comp. ada dmek comp.
at tutmak comp. atda saklamak comp.
atdan ykarmak comp. atdan ykmak
menacing habatly 1 adj menacing,
threatening habatly garay menacing/
threatening look
merchant tjir merchant
merciful geirimli adj merciful geirimli
bolmak to be merciful geirimli ynsan
merciful man
merciless jellat 2 [jella:t] adj ruthless,
pitiless, relentless jellatdyr gara gzleri.
There is no mercy in your black eyes.
mercy geirim n mercy geirim soramak to
cry/beg for mercy; geirimlilik n
mercy; rehim cf: rehim-epagat. n
mercy, pity rehim etmek to have mercy,
have compassion rehim etmezlik to not
spare comp. rehimi inmek comp.
rehimi gelmek ; rehim-epagat
[rehim-epa:gat] cf: rehim. n mercy Ol
adamda rehim-epagat ok. That person
doesn't have any compassion. szlere
rehim-epagat etmek to have compassion
on the homeless rehim-epagat soramak
to ask for mercy

merriment dwran [dwra:n] n

merriment, mirth, gaiety dwran srmek
to have a fun time, enjoy ourselves
merry mes 2 adj intoxicated, merry
mess up bozmak 2 v to mess up Top
onap orkk dostum bilmezlikde
goymyzy anasyny dwp, bar ony
bozdy. While we were playing with a
ball, without knowing it my friend
broke our neighbour's window, and
messed up the whole house. Elimden
sagady gayryp bozdum. Toda knegime
tort gayryp bar kepimi bozdy.
messed-up bozuk1 1 adj messed-up,
broken-down Bozuk atan arabany ussa
oartdyk. We took the cart that had
been lying in a broken-down state to a
repairman. Telewizorymyz bozulany bri,
men tzeliklerden bihabar. Since the TV
broke down I'm completely unaware of
the news. Tikin maynda galy mata
tikip, gamasy bozuldy. comp. ahlak
tadan bozuk aal
messenger apar n messenger, herald
apar ibermek to send a messenger;
habary 2 n messenger, courier habary
ibermek to send a messenger; asawul n
messenger Onu gapdallynda birne
asawullar bardy. He had some
messengers around him.
met garylanmak v to be met, be greeted
metal metal [me'tal] n metal rekli metal
coloured metal gara metallar black
metals metaldan asalan metal, made of
metal gymmatbaha metallar expencive
metals eil metallar light metals
method amal n method, way comp. amal
etmek comp. amala amak comp. amala
ayrmak ; emel 3 n method, way emele
gelmek to be formed, be generated emele
getirmek to form arifmetikany drt emeli
the four ways of manipulating numbers
(addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division) comp. z emeline zi olamak
; tr [tr] n method, means; usul 2
[usu:l] n method, way Komputerde
ilemegi tze usulyny tapdym we z
toplumymyzy igrlerine hdrledim. I
found a new method working with
computer and offered my co-workers
from my group agalar bagyny
terbieilerine aga okatma tze usulyny

orta asyr
grkezdiler we ie girizdiler. Pagtaylyk
institutyna baga urtlardan ylmy igrler
geldi, olar ylmy barlagy usulyny
geirdiler.
metre metr n metre on metr ten metres
mew mawlamak [ma:wlamak] v to mew,
meow, miaow piik aly mawlamak to
mew like a cat, to mew
middle orta n middle, centre obany
ortasy centre of the village orta boly
adam a man of medium height orta
mekdep secondary school orta aly
middle-aged orta hasap bilen on average
comp. orta asyr comp. ortasynda comp.
erorta Dezi ; ortaky adj middle
ortaky gat middle storey ortaky barmak
middle finger, third finger; ortara
[orta:ra] adj middle, centre ortarasy
middle/centre of something jay
ortarasy middle of the room heri
ortarasy centre of the city
midwife gbek ene (comp. of gbek)
midwife
mighty edenli adj mighty, strong,
capable, able, skilful edenli ii skilful
workman edenli eller strong hands edenli
igit capable man
militant greje adj warlike, militant,
nationalist greje halk a warlike
people dumanlary bilen greje halk a
people who always defend themselves
against their enemies
military harby [harby:] adj military,
martial harby uilie military college
harby borly liable for call-up harby
borlulyk liability for military service
harby esir prisoner of war harby
gulluky serviceman harby komissariat
military registration and enlistment
office harby geim uniform harby dl
geim civilian clothes {military, police}
military service gounylyk n military
service gounylyga agyrmak to call up
for military service, call to the colours
milk sagdyrmak 1 cf: sagmak, sagsalamat. v to milk; sagmak cf:
sagdyrmak, sag-salamat. v to milk
sygyr sagmak to milk a cow; st n milk
milking sagym n milking; yield of milk
ertirki sagym morning milk

196
Milky Way Ak maany oly (comp. of
maa1) the Milky Way, the Galaxy

mill degirmen n mill suw degirmeni water

mill birini degirmenine suw gumak to
bring grist to someone's mill degirmen
da stone mill el degirmeni hand mill;
fabrik n (textile) mill, plant, factory
fabrikde ilemek to work at a textile mill
pek fabrigi textile fabrik iisi worker
of factory; haraz n mill sw harazy
water mill
million million [milli'on] num million bir
million million; one million Ol menden
bir million manat karz aldy. He borrowed
one million manat from me.
minaret di n minaret, turret, tower
Osman imperiasynda uly diler
salynypdyr. Those big minarets were
built during the Osman empire.
u wagt ki asyrlardan galan dileri we
binalary restawrasia edilr. Nowadays,
historic minarets and buildings are
being restored. gzegilik dii
watchtower Gzegilik dii stnde
serheti gzegilik edr. The frontier
guard keeps watch on the watchtower .
comp. di gkden gelmek ; minara
[mina:ra] n minaret minara salmak to
build a minaret metjidi minarasy
minaret of mosk
mince far cf: welen et. n mince,
ground meat, diced meat; welen et cf:
far. (comp. of wemek) mince,
minced meat, ground meat biz welen
etden manty biirdik we prepared manty
from minced meat
mind a [a:] n mind, brain comp. abilim comp. a-dnje
miner magdany [magda:ny] n miner
Meni doganym magdany. My brother is
miner.
minister ministr [mi'nistr] n minister
daary iler ministri minister of foreign
affairs
ministry ministrlik n ministry malie
ministrligi ministry of finance ministrlik
wezipesi post of a minister
mint narpyz 1 n mint (sem. domains: 1.5
- Plant.)
minus sowuk 2 adj minus b gradus
sowuk minus five degrees

197

nhak grr
minute minut [mi'nut] n minute bir
minutda in a minute sagady minut
strelkasy the minute hand of a clock/
watch Sagat den on minut iler. It's
ten minutes past three. aga bir minut
hem dek oturmaar. A child does not sit
normally any minute. Men ol ere bir
minutda bararyn. I'll reah there in one
minute. Bir minut maa ns beri! Pay
attention to me one minute! Ol ol
minutda gapydan girdi. He entered on
that moment. Sagat den b minut
iler. It is five minutes past two
mirab mirap [mi:ra:p] n local water
board representative Onu daysy bizi
obamyzy miraby. His uncle is a mirab
of our village.
miracle gudrat 2 n miracle, wonder,
marvel gudrat grkezmek to show/do a
miracle/wonder gudrat bilen by miracle,
miraculously
miraculous gudratly 1 adj wondermaking, miraculous gudratly bolmak to
be miraculous; keramatly 2
[kera:matly] n Saint (sem. domains: 4.9
- Religion.)
mirage salgym [sa:lgym] n mirage,
optical illusion salgym ekilli grnmek to
seem salgym atmak to appear
indistinctly, loom comp. algyma
apmak
mischievous bimaza 1 [bi:maza:] adj
mischievous, restless bimaza aga
restless child Tomus penjirmizi nde
onap ren bimaza agalary sesi
edilr. During summer you can hear
the sound of restless children in front of
the window.; garagol [garago:l] n
mischievous child garagol oglan
mischievous boy
misdirect azadyrmak [a:zadyrmak] v to
misdirect, make someone lose their
way, throw off
miser husyt [husy:t] n miser, skinflint
husyt adam miserly person, miser; jhit
2 [j:hit] n miser, skinflint {vulgar}
miserable gzgyny [gzgy:ny] adj
miserable, pitiful, pitiable gzgyny
agdada bolmak to be a sorry sight, cut
a poor figure
misfortune apat [a:pat] adv misfortune,
mishap; betbagtlyk n misfortune, bad

fortune Adamy bayna betbagtlyk inende

gli bolup geirmeli. When misfortune
comes on someone they need to be
strong to get though it.; klpet n
misfortune, sorrow, grief, suffering
klpet ekmek to suffer, to grieve; towky
misfortune
misfortune happen baa bela gelmek
(comp. of ba) to have misfortune come
your way
miss ksemek 2 v to miss, to yearn (for)
yzyy ksemek to yearn for home, to
miss home; sowa n miss sowa gemek to
miss
missile raketa 3 [ra'keta] n missile
ballistik raketa ballistic missile kosmosa
goberiln raketa space rocket ortaa
agalyga hereket ednraketa mediumrange missiles "er-howa" kysymly raketa
'Earth-Space' branded rocket. (sem.
domains: 4.8.3 - War.)
mist duman [duma:n] n mist, fog Ir ertir
duman boldy. It was foggy this morning.
Duman tutup ol gowy grnmedi. The
road was not visible because of fog.
Gzlerimi duman tutup,baym alandy.
My eyes blurred and I had a headache.;
mr n fog, mist, haze mr basmak to
mist over Tweregi mr rtdi. It was
foggy outside.; mrlik n fog, mist Bu
gn howa mrlik It is foggy today.
mistake hata [hata:] n mistake, error,
blunder; transgression hat i sinful act;
nhak 1 adj mistake; wrong, mistaken
Siz nhak pulsuz gelipsiiz. It was a
mistake for you to come without
money. comp. nhak gan dkmek comp.
nhak grr ; aly n mistake, error
aly karar wrong decision aly
hereket etmek to make a mistake
mister jenap 1 [jena:p] n mister
(respectful title for a man)
mistrustful mkr adj mistrustful,
distrustful mkr adam sceptic, cynic
mkr bolmak to doubt Ol kime mkr
boljagyny bilmedi. He didn't know how
to be sceptical about somebody.
misty dumanly [duma:nly] adj misty,
foggy, hazy dumanly gn foggy day;
mrli adj foggy, misty mrli gn
foggy day mrli daglar foggy mountains

garjamak
mix buladyrmak 2 v to mix, stir, mess
up, wreck Hasapymyz bar hasaplary
buladyryp, ba hasapydan ken aldy.
Our accountant got all the accounts
mixed up and was told off by the head
accountant. Kakam meni bar nietimi
buladyryp, here gezelenje alyp gitdi. My
father wrecked all my plans and took
me into town to hang out. el bar zady
buladyrdy. The wind made a big mess
of everything. kofni buladyr stir the
coffee pikirini buladyrmak to get mixed
up in your thoughts hasaplary
buladyrmak; garjamak 1 [ga:rjamak]
v to mix, blend spirt suw bilen garjady
alcohol mixed with water rekler
garjady the colors are mixed; garmak 1
[ga:rmak] cf: garjamak. v to mix, stir
garym gatym mixed things garymak to
be mixed together garydyrmak to mix
together hamyr garmak mix floor with
water hyary, pomidory, sogany dograp
garmak cut tomato, onion, then mix
them together comp. tozana garmak
mixed garylmak [ga:rylmak] v to be
mixed, be stirred; be confused, become
confused Meni pikirlerim garyldy. I am/
was confused. eker bilen kofe garyldy.
sugar and coffee have been mixed
kplige garylyp gitmek to be mixed to
the majority; garym-gatym [ga:rymgatym] adj mixed, confused ii
garym-gatymdy. The room was in a mess.
jay ii garym-gatym the house is got
mixed up garym-gatym etmek to mix
garym-gatym naharlanmak mixing eating;
garydyrylmak [ga:rydyrylmak] v to
be mixed, be stirred; garyyk 1
[ga:ryyk] adj mixed garyyk topar
mixed group agyn garyykly gar agar.
Snow mixed with rain falls from sky
harytlar dkany the shop of goods
moan ah ekmek (comp. of ekmek1) to
moan, to groan; ah1 [a:h] n moan,
groan ah ekmek to moan, to groan;
iildi n moan, groan zaryn iildi
sorrowful moan; nala 2 [na:la] n groan,
moan zaryn nala moan nala ekmek to
moan, groan; complain; nalamak 1
[na:lamak] v to moan or groan from
pain or grief Ol durmuyndan ah ekip,
nalamaga balady. Moaning about his
life, he started to groan.; uwlamak 2 v

198
to moan Meni diim agyranda gijesi bilen
uwlap ykdym. When I had toothache I
moaned the whole night. {humans}
model nusga 1 n example, model
Ybraym Hudaa ynanmaklygy, oa
wepalylygy nusgasyny grkezen ynsan
bolupdyr. Abraham was a person who
showed an example of belief in God and
trust in Him. Sen zden kiilere nusga
bol. Be an example to those younger
than you.
moderate aram 1 [a:ram] adj moderate
aram klimat temperate climate aram el
wsr moderate breeze
modern dwrebap [dwreba:p] adj
modern dwrebap bina modern building
dwrebap aamak to have a modern
lifestyle alar garry adamlara gr
dwrebap aaarlar. Young people have
a more modern lifestyle than older
people. Dwrebap dredilen eserleri
okada ol dwrde bolan kynylyklara
dnrsi. When you read modern
books, you understand the difficulties of
earlier times. Arhitekturany nusgasyny
ki dwrden alyp dwrebap nyanlary
bilen bina dikeltdiler. They copied the
architecture of an ancient building,
decorated it with modern symbols and
built a building.
modernise abadanladyrmak 2
[abada:nladyrmak] v to modernise
moisture yg 1 [y:g] n moisture ig
ekmek to absorb, soak up moisture;
nem 1 n moisture, dampness erde nem
ok the soil is dry
moment halat1 1 [ha:lat] n time, moment
ol halatda at that moment; mwrit
[mwri:t] n moment, time, period ony
mwriti gutardy his time has expired Bu
modany mwriti gedi. The period of
this fashion has passed.; pursat 1 n
moment, time, season, period tiz
pursatda immediately pursat tapmak to
find time pursatdan pedalanmak to seize
the moment amatly pursat the right
time; salym n moment bir salym dur!
hang on!, wait a moment! bir salymda
gutarmak to finish quickly
Monday birinji gn n Monday, first day
Hepdni birinji gni men ie ykmaly. I
have to work on Mondays. Meni birinji

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perwana bolmak
i gnim rn gowy gedi.; duenbe
[du:enbe] n Monday {literary}
money pul 1 n money
money-lender sthor [sth:or] n
money-lender comp. sthory gri
otda.
monkey mamyn n ape, monkey Biz
hawanat bagynda her dli mamynlar
grdk. We saw different kind of
monkeys in the zoo.
month a 1 [a:] n month Bir ylda on iki
a bar. A year has twelve months. comp.
A gren aly
monthly aba-a [a:ba-a:] adv
monthly, every month
monthly period grm 2 cf: grk. n
monthly period grm grmek to have
one's monthly period
monument adygrlik 2 [a:dygrlik] n
monument, memorial gadymy
adygrlikler ancient monuments kimdir
birine adygrlik dikmek to erect a
monument to somebody
moo molamak [mo:lamak] v to moo, low
(the sound that cows make) sygyrlar
molaar cows low
mood galyp 2 [ga:ly:p] cf: grn,
forma, standart, li. n mood galyba
gedirmek to put on a mood {grammar,
emotions} comp. bir galypdan ykan
aly ; kep 1 n mood, spirit, temper,
humour meni kepim ok I am in a bad
mood comp. kep ekmek comp. kepi
kellde ; maza 2 [maza:] n mood,
spirit maza gamak to be in low spirits;
terz mood
moon a 2 [a:] n moon az alary spring
months/season; moon tze A new
moon Ol A aly gyz. She is a beautiful
girl. comp. A gren aly
moonstruck A gren aly (comp. of a)
moonstruck, dumb with amazement
igit gyza A gren aly, agzyny ayp
seretdi. The young man stared at the girl
with his mouth open, as though
moonstruck. A tutulmagy lunar eclipse
moral ahlak [ahla:k] n moral ahlak
tadan morally speaking Ynsan ahlagy
arassa bolmaly. A person should be
morally pure.; ahlaky [ahla:ky] adj
moral

morals moral [mo'ral] n (code of) morals,

ethics moral goldaw moral support
adamy moral kebi moral appearance of
man
more kprk more Men birden etmese
diip, hli zatdan kprk satyn aldym. I
bought more of everything, in case it
would not be enough.
moreover stesine post in addition (to),
moreover stesine ol meni aldady In
addition he deceived me.
morgue meithana [meitha:na] n
morgue, mortuary Meithana ii
dmesin! Let it be far from morgue!
morning ertir 2 [erti:r] cf: erte. adv
morning, the next morning ir ertir howa
salkyn boldy. early the next morning the
weather was cool; irden adj in the
morning, morning(s) irden gelmek to
come in the morning; irki 1 [i:rki] adj
morning irki otly morning train
morning star apak n morning star apak
amak for the morning star to set
[comes out morning and evening]
morning's ertirine [erti:rine] adj
morning's, in the morning, morning Ol
her gn ertirine trgeleik ger. he has
training every morning. ertirine gular
saraar. The birds are singing in
mornings.
mortal pany [pa:ny] adj mortal pany
dn mortal world
mosque metjit [metji:t] n mosque metjide
gatnamak to attend mosque;
ybadathana 2 [yba:datha:na] n mosque
{Muslim}
mosquito ybyn [y:byn] n mosquito;
gnat, midge {dial}
mosquito net peehana 1 [peeha:na] n
mosquito net peehanada atmak to
sleep under a mosquito net
most i adv the most i gowy the best i
soky the last i owadan gyz the most
beautiful girl i okary dereje the
climax, culmination, acme
moth ge n (clothes-)moth ge ien
moth-eaten; perwana 2 [perwa:na] n
moth {literary, nocturnal} comp.
perwana bolmak
mother eje 1 n mother Ejem! Brit:
Mummy! US: Mommy! Ol meni ejem.

ene dili
She is my mother.; ene 2 n mother
eneden bolmak to be born Men garry
enemi gowy grrin. I like my
gransmother agany enesi the mother of
child Guzular enesini taparlar. The
lambs find their mother. ene goyn
mother sheep {lit} comp. ene dili comp.
ene sdi comp. ene toprak comp.
eneden bolmak comp. eneden dogma
mother-in-law gaynene n mother-in-law
motherland ene toprak (comp. of ene)
motherland
mother-of-pearl sadap 1 n mother-ofpearl, nacre sadap aly ak diler white
teeth as mother-of-pearl
mother-tongue ene dili (comp. of ene)
mother tongue
motionless hereketsiz adj motionless,
immobile, immovable, inactive, rigid
motivate hweslendirmek v to interest,
encourage, give an incentive (to),
stimulate, motivate
motor dwigatel ['dwigatel] cf:
hereketlendiriji. n motor, engine
angy dwigateli petrol engine
motorcycle motor 2 [mo'tor] n
motorcycle, motorbike; motosikl n
motorcycle, motorbike awa motosikli A
'Yava' motorcycle
mould he1 n mould, mildew
mount atlanmak2 [atlanmak] v to mount
(e.g., a horse); mnmek 3 cf:
mndrmek. v to mount, get on, ride
ata mnmek to mount a horse Sen pile
mnp grdumi? Have you ever tried
riding an elephant? {animals} comp.
gahar-gazaba mnmek comp. hyala
mnmek comp. kjesine mnmek
mountain dag1 [da:g] n mountain dagy
etegi the foot of the mountain Dagdan
belent nme bar? What is higher than a
mountain? dag howasy mountain
weather dag jynsy rock strata
mourn hasratlanmak v to grieve, sorrow,
be sad, mourn
mourner glegi [g:legi] n mourner,
one of funeral procession
mournful zaryn [za:ry:n] adj mournful,
sorrowful, pitiful, pitiable zaryn szler
pathetic/heart-rending works zaryn

200
grn sorry/pitiful sight zaryn iildi
moan zaryn adym atmak to sing a sad
song zaryn ses sad/plaintive voice
mourning agy 2 [a:gy] n mourning agy
etmek to mourn (crying out loud) comp.
rek agysy ; matam [ma:tam] n
mourning matam tutmak to go into
mourning; to be in mourning matam
gni mourning day; as [a:s] n
mourning, funeral as tutmak to grieve,
mourn
mouse syan n mouse
moustache murt 1 n moustache,
mustache gr murt thick moustache
murtjagaz small moustache gara murt
black moustache {person} comp. murty
syh-syh bolmak
moustached murtly 1 adj moustached,
with a moustache murtly adam a
moustached man, a man with a
moustache {person}
mouth agyz n mouth olbarsy agzy lion's
mouth kg agzy palace driveway
Maany maa sgini agza alar aly
dl. When Maya offended me, [what she
said] was unrepeatable. Ianmyrat
"merjen dneler" bslediginde birinji er
alyp, btin oba agzynda boldy. When
Ishanmyrat got the first place amongst
the best students it was on the lips of
the whole village. comp. agyz
birikdirmek comp. agyzdan agza
gemek comp. agza akarmak comp.
agza dmek comp. agza garamak
comp. agza knmek comp. agzy aa
etmek comp. agzy bimaza comp. agzy
bo comp. agzy hapa comp. agzy elli
adam comp. agzyna berk comp. agzyna
pugta comp. agzyna suw alan aly
comp. agzyndan gayrmak comp.
agzyndan st ysy gitmedik comp.
agzyny ysgamak comp. agzyny
dienini gulagy eitmezlik comp.
agzyny eesi dl comp. agzy tagam
tapmak comp. agzyy aama comp.
agzyy deemek
move butnamak v to move Meni
anymdan bir dimem butnama. I'm not
moving one step from here. Mina basan
adam hi erik butnaman durmaly, halas
ednler.; emel 5 n move grede emel
ulanmak to use wrestling moves comp.

201

ian-molla
z emeline zi olamak ; geirmek 5 v
to move, transfer baga ie geirmek to
transfer to another post klasdam klasa
geirmek to move up into the next form
badan geirmek comp. biri-birinden
geirmek comp. bokurdakdan geirmek
comp. durmua geirmek comp.
geirn ilikler comp. gzden geirmek
comp. itden geirmek ; gozgamak 1
[go:zgamak] v to move Ol stoly erinden
gozgap bilmedi. He couldn't move the
table. comp. Derdini gozgama. ; g 1 n
move (to new place of residence) Iki g
- bir tala. If you move several times
you 'll get ruined.; gmek 1 v to move
(house or flat) Ol baga e gdi. He
moved (to another) house.; gm n
move garalary gmi blacks' move
(e.g.in a board game); gymyldamak v
to move, stir gymyldaman oturmak to sit
without stirring; hereketlendirmek v to
move, to set in motion, to put into
operation elii hereketlendirmek to move
one's hands; perwaz urmak (comp. of
perwaz) v to rush about; to move to
and fro; buzz around gular asmanda
perwaz urarlar birds travel in the sky;
smek v to move, move up, move
along; budge up {colloq}; srmek 1
v to move something; remek 6 cf:
retmek. v to move atyy remek to
move one's knight comp. Assa rn
uzaga gider.
move forward omzamak v to move/push
forward/on/further Meret pessimist oglan
dl, ol hemme zat gowy bolar diip,
durmuda e omzaar. Meret is not a
pessimist boy, he thinks all will be fine
and moves forward in life.
move logs lermek 1 v to move logs (so
they can burn better)
move towards ugrukmak 1 v to move
towards, to move in the direction of
Awy tokaa tarap ugrukdy. The hunter
moved towards a forest. Mayn gnorta
ugrukdy. A car moved south. Balyk gowy
tutulmanso, balykylar derany baga
tarapyna ugrukdylar. As the fishing was
unsuccessful, the fishermen moved to
the other side of a river.
movement ra2 1 [ra:] n movement,
pace

moving hereketlendiriji 1 cf: dwigatel.

adj moving, acting hereketlendiriji gler
driving force
much esse 2 adv much, amount girdejini
arym essesini igrlere palamak to pay
half the profit to the workers
much worse beter 2 adv much worse Men
dnkden beter sgrrin, lukmana z
tutmaly bolamasam. I'm coughing much
worse than yesterday, maybe I'll soon
have to call the doctor. Mundan beter
janyy akma. Don't be sadder than you
were before.
mud palyk 1 n mud palyk bolmak to be/
become muddy Daary palyk It is
muddy outside. Meni balagym palyk
bolupdyr. My trousers are muddy.
mufti mfti n mufti Trkmenistany
mftisi a oglan. Mufti of Turkmenistan
is young boy. [Muslim legal expert
authorized to issue fatwas] {religious}
mug krge n mug, tankard maa bir
krge suw beri! Give me a mug of
water! {colloq}
Muhabbet muhabbet 2 n Muhabbet
Muhabbet edil ady aly mhirli gyz.
Muhabbet is as kind as her name.
{female name}
mukam mukam 2 [muka:m] n mukam
music Gkdepe galasy bilen baglanyykly
iki mukam dredilipdir. Two melody was
created on realted Geokdepe castle. [a
type of music common in Central Asia
including Azerbaijan]
Mullah ian-molla [i:a:n-mo:lla] (comp.
of molla) Mullah, teacher of Islam;
molla [mo:lla] n Mullah Myrat molla
gyzyna namaz okamany wretdi. Myrat
mullah taught his daughter to read the
namaz. obany mollasy the mollah of the
village Ol obadaky molladan hat-sowat
wrendi. He learnt to read from his
village Mullah. Her molla z bilenini
okar. Each Mullah teaches what he
knows. {religious} comp. ian-molla
multi storey gat-gat adj multi-storeyed,
multi-storey gat-gat jalar multi-storeyed
buildings, sky-scrapers, tower blocks
gat-gat dalar multi-storeyed stones

kpelmek

202

multi-ethnic kpmilletli adj multi-ethnic

Amerikanlar juda kpmilletli halk.
Americans are a very multi-ethnic
people.
multiple esli 2 adj multiple, several Gller
esli ulalypdyr. She used several flowers
multiply kpeltmek 3 cf: kpelmek. v to
multiply ikini e kpeltmek to multiply
two to three {mathematics} comp.
gepii kpeltmek ; remek
[:remek] v to multiply, produce
mummy mumia mummy Msr halky
adamy jalanda mumia ulanarlar.
Egyptians use mummy for to bury dead
person. {Egyptian}
murderer gandar [ga:nda:r] n murderer,
murderess hakyna tutma gandar hired
assassin gandar bolan adam murder ;
ganhor 1 [ga:nho:r] n murderer ganhor
hkim murder sheriff
museum muze [mu'ze] n museum
lkni wreni muzei museum of local
lore, history and economy
mushroom kmelek n mushroom kmelek
plemek to gather mushrooms
music mukam 1 [muka:m] n music,
melody mukam almak to play music
halk mukamy melody of people adyan
mukam joyful music; saz2 [sa:z] n music
saz bilen megullanmak to be involved in
music, practise music saza salmak to set
to music halk sazy folk music

musical sazylyk [sa:zylyk] adj musical

sazylyk mekdebi music-school; sazly
[sa:zly] adj musical sazly komedia
musical comedy
musician sazanda [sa:zanda] cf: sazy. n
musician; sazy [sa:zy] cf: sazanda. n
musician
Muslim musulman 1 [musulma:n] n
Muslim, Moslem
mustard gorisa n mustard
mutter sarnamak v to mutter, mumble
mutual arkalayk n mutual assistance
arkalayk etmek help each other; zara
[:zara] adv mutually, jointly, between
each other Olar zara ht edidiler. The
two of them made a joint agreement.
zara baglanyyk interdependence zara
gatnayk mutual relations, relations
zara kmek kassasy mutual benefit fund
zara grlemek to talk to each other
mutual help owar n mutual_help owar
etmek to help each other
my goodness ba-bow [ba-bo:w] interj
My goodness! Ba-bow, bu garynjalara
seret! My goodness, look at these ants!
my goodness! bh interj my_goodness!
my hope bar mydarym (comp. of mydar)
my hope, my life Bizi ekeje agamyz ol bar mydarymyz. Our one child - he's
our only hope.
my pleasure ba stne (comp. of ba,
st) post My pleasure!

Nn

nag Aaly onu gulak etini birsyhly

gazap dur. (comp. of gulak) His wife
nags him all the time.; igelemek 2
[i:gelemek] v to nag Ertirden agama
enli aaly ony igelp dur. His wife nags
him from dawn until dusk.
nail n nail hyrly screw; lemek
v to nail tagtany lemek to nail a
board; dyrnak 1 n nail, fingernail,
toenail dyrnagyy almak to cut

fingernails, cut toenails Onu elini

dyrnaklary ak hem arassa. Her
fingernails are clean and white.
Dyrnagyy alaso elii sabyn bilen
wmaly. After cutting your fingernails
you must wash your hands with soap.
Gyzym dyrnaklaryna lak alyp gl
ekipdir. My daughter painted her nails
and drew a flower on them. Joramy
dyrnak ski ters sp operasia etdiler.

203

milleti
My friend had an ingrowing nail which
was removed surgically.
naked aly 1 adj naked, bare aly
agajy eke zi sp otyrdy. Naked tree
was growing alone there. {landscape,
trees}
namaz namaz [nama:z] n namaz, Muslim
prayer for 5 times Namaz musulmanlar
in parz. Namaz is obligation for
muslum. [set Muslim prayers, recited
five times a day, as the Quran
commands]
name at gomak (comp. of gomak) to
name; at-abra [a:t-a:bra] n name,
reputation at-abra gazanmak to
improve one's reputation; at1 1 [a:t] n to
name, call at dakmak to name aga
mynasyp at dakmaly. A child should be
given a name that suits them. Bu
edarany ady "Nur". This organization is
called "Light." Oa alta dien at
dakdylar. They gave him the nickname
"Lazy One." at toparlary list of names;
atlandyrmak [a:tlandyrmak] v to
name, give a name to someone, call;
dakmak 2 v to name at dakmak to name
name of Allah Bismilla [bismilla:] interj
in the name of Allah [said at the
beginning of many prayers e.g. grace
said after a meal]
named atly2 1 [a:tly] adj named, known
as
namesake atda [a:tda] n namesake
narcotic narkotiki cf: nee. adj narcotic,
drug narkotik jisimleri ulanmak to use
drugs, dope; to be a drug addict
{medical}
narrate bean etmek (comp. of bean)
to narrate, recount, tell Ol wakany ele
bean etdi... This is how she told what
happened...
narrative bean [bea:n] n narrative,
telling; explanation; story comp. bean
etmek
narrator hekaay [heka:ay] n storyteller, narrator; kyssay 2 n narrator,
story-teller, novelist
narrow dar 1 [da:r] adj narrow, close dar
otag a narrow room dar ke narrow
street dar dnjeli adam a narrowminded person; ine 4 [i:ne] adj

narrow ine ekimliler glides (in contrast

to pure vowels) {grammar}
narrowness darlyk 1 [da:rlyk] n
narrowness, lack of space, smallness,
inadequacy, tightness, constriction,
limitation, restriction Bu penjek maa
darlyk edr. This jacket is too tight for
me.
nasty murdar [murda:r] n nasty,
disgusting; defiled murdar etmek to
defile murdar bolmak to be defiled
murdar zat something nasty; nejis 1
[neji:s] adj nasty, unpleasant nejis howa
foul weather nejis i unpleasant work
nation halk 2 n people, nationality,
nation; millet n nation, nationality
Milleti nme? What is your nationality?
comp. Birleen Milletler Guramasy
national hlihalk adj national, nationwide hlihalk baramy national holiday;
milli [milli:] adj national milletparaz
girdeji national income milli mesele
national issue milli saz gurallary national
musical instruments milli girdeji national
income milli gre national wrestling
nationalise milliledirmek
[milli:ledirmek] v to nationalise
senagaty milliledirmek to nationalise
industry
nationalism milletilik n nationalism
milletilige gary gre fight against
nationalism
nationalist milleti cf: milletparaz. n
nationalist Kawkazlar rn milleti halk.
Caucauses are very nationalist people.;
milletparaz cf: milleti. adj nationalist
milletparaz topar nationalist group
nationality
natural tebigi [tebi:gi] adj natural Terjime
tebigi bolsa, okatdyrar. If the translation
is natural, it makes you want to read it.
tebigi gaz natural gas
naturally determined kanuny 2
[ka:nu:ny] adj conforming to the laws of
nature, appropriate, naturally
determined kanuny hadysa natural
phenomenon kanuny s natural
development
nature tebigat [tebi:gat] n nature, the
natural world; the environment Biz

gbek ene
tebigaty goramalydyrys. We've got to
protect the environment.
naughty bet adj naughty, mischievous
St dkanyny satyjysy bet hsietli
aal. The woman who runs the milk
shop has a mischievous character.;
akymsyz 2 adj naughty, mischievous
Onu ele akymsyz agasy bar. He has
such a naughty child.
naval harby-deiz [harby:-deiz] adj
naval harby-deiz floty Navy
navel gbek 1 [g:bek] n navel comp.
gbek ene comp. z gbegii z
kesmek
near du3 [du:] adj near, next to, about,
around duunda durmak to stop near
Mayn duunda durdy. The car
stopped near the house. duuna
etiberemde ejem meni garylamaga
ykdy. My mother came out to meet me
when I was nearly home. Dkany
duundan geip bararkam ideime gabat
geldim. When I was going near the shop
I met my collegues. Gyzymy mugallymy
meni duum. My daughter's teacher is
about my age.; gapdalynda post near,
next to ep gapdalynda on the left hand
side of; gola 1 adj close, near, not far
from onu golaynda near him/her/it;
akyn 1 [aky:n] adj near, not far,
close Teatr bizden yakyn aralykda
erler. The theatre is not far away
from us. akyn wagtda in the near future
{location, time}
nearby anayk [a:nayk] adj next (to),
nearby, close by anayk house next
door anayk otag next room anayk
oturmak to sit next to
nearly gola 2 adj nearly, about, around,
almost, approximately Biz iki sagada
gola redik. We walked for nearly two
hours.; tas adv just about, nearly Emma
125-nji bk Binn in tasi sokusy
bolupdy. But for Binn, the 125th
[parachute] jump was almost his very
last.
nearly finished hzirlenmek 3 v to have
nearly completed an action, nearly
finished
nearness

204
Nebitdag Nebitdag [nebitda:g] n
Nebitdag Nebitdagda el halylar arzan.
Hand made carpets are cheap in
Nebitdag. (sem. domains: 9.7.2.3 Names of cities.)
necessary gerek 2 cf: gerekli. adj
necessary, important; essential geregii
artdyrmak to get more essentials Ol
entek a bolsa gerek. He still needs to
grow up. Olar hzir Angliada aaan
bolsalar gerek. They might live in
England now.; zerur 2 [zeru:r] adj
necessary, essential, vital zerur kitaplar
the necessary books zerur kmek first aid
neck boun 1 cf: ba, egmek. n neck
comp. bonuna atmak comp. bonuna
gomak comp. bonuna mnmek comp.
bonuny sogurmak comp. bonuny
towlamak comp. boun almak comp.
boun bolmak comp. boun egmek
comp. boun gayrmak ; sap1 2 n
finger-board, neck {music} comp.
susagy sapyny ele almak
need gerek 1 cf: gerekli. adj need Maa
surat ekmek uin galam gerek. I need a
pencil to draw a picture with. owaly
bilen saglyk gerek first of all health
needs. bize naharlanmak gerek we need
to have a meal; hajat [ha:jat] n need,
necessity, requirement Hajaty ok!
There's no need! durmu hajaty the
necessities of life {colloq}; horlanmak
3 [ho:rlanmak] v need, want, be in need
(of), be in want pulsuz horlanmak to be
in need of money; kyamat 3
[kya:mat] n need Kyamat gni
goudan. In your hour of need help will
come from your neighbour. comp.
baya kyamat dmek ; mtlik n
want; need, necessity mtlik ekmek to
be needy; to be in need (of) Mtlik
hli zady wredr. Necessity is the
mother of invention.; zar [za:r] n need,
want ...for a long time zar bolmak to
need, want, to be in need (of) Men onu
gler zni grmge zar boldum. I
wanted to see her kind face for a long
time.
needed gerekli cf: gerek. adj needed,
important, necessary gerekli kitaplar
necessary books gerekli erinde when
needed

205

Kesek girmek gadagan!

needle i2 3 [i:] n knitting needle jorap
rln i needle for knitting socks;
ie 1 n needle, pin ie gaby needle
case i sapak trmek to thread a
needle comp. ie bilen guy gazan
aly comp. ieden ykma comp. i
stnde oturan aly bolmak
needs isleg 2 n needs, requirements,
demand, claim ruhy isleg spiritual
needs/requirements islegini
kanagatlandyrmak to fulfil requirements,
satisfy somebody's demands comp.
gwn-isleg comp. isleg-arzuw
needy mt adj needy, poor mt
adamlar the poor and needy mt
bolmak to be needy, be in want; to be in
need (of) Ol medisina barlagyna mt.
He needs to hae medical analyses.
bejermge mt it needs to repair
NEG -ma NEG hi zat alma, gerek dl do
not buy anything, there is no need.
negative okluk forma (comp. of
okluk) the negative Szlemleri okluk
forma wr. Make sentences negative.
{grammar}
NegFut -maz NegFut
neglected eesiz adj neglected, derelict,
deserted eerlemek deserted house
eesiz aga neglected child eesiz bag
neglected garden or the garden without
owner eesiz szlem impersonal sentence
{gram}; har1 [ha:r] adj neglected,
disregarded, ignored, scorned har
saklamak to neglect, allow to fall into
neglect bagy har saklamak to neglect a
garden har etmek to neglect, disregard,
not to pay attention to; hossarsyz 2
[ho:ssa:rsyz] adj neglected, uncared for,
unsupervised; idegsiz 1 [i:degsiz] adj
neglected, deserted, uncared-for idegsiz
aga neglected child idegsiz deserted
house
neighbour goy adj neighbour;
neighbouring, adjacent, next goy
the house next door goy otag the next
room goy urtlar neighbouring
countries comp. goy-gola
neighbours goy-gola (comp. of
goy) n neighbours
neither ne 1 adj neither... nor Ertiden bri
men ne naharlanyp bildim, ne dyn aldym.

Since yesterday I have been able to

neither eat nor rest. Sen ne geldi, ne
telefon etdi. You neither came nor
phoned.
nephew egen 1 n nephew Meni egenim
ylgamakda empion boldy. My nephew
became champion at running. {sister's
son}
nerve nerw n nerve nerw keselleri nervous
diseases nerw merkezi nerve centre nerw
jkleri {anatomy} comp. nerwine
degmek
nest hwrtge n bird's nest; jk 1 n
nest; eyrie; den aryny jgi hornets'
nest ogrulary jgi den of thieves
comp. aryny jgini gorjamak comp.
belany jgi
net tor n net
neutral bitarap [bi:tarap] adj neutral
Trkmenistan bitarap dwletdir.
Turkmenistan is a neutral country.
neutrality bitaraplyk1 1 [bi:taraplyk] n
neutrality 1995-nji yly 12-nji
dekabrynda Trkmenistan hemielik
bitaraplyk statusyny aldy. In December
12, 1995 Turkmenistan obtained the
status of permanent neutrality.
never hergiz [hergi:z] adj never, in no
way; hi haan (comp. of hi) adv
never; hi wagt 1 (comp. of hi, wagt)
adv never Ol hi wagt alan geplemndir.
He never told lies.; mrylla [mrylla:]
adj never, for nothing, not for anything
men ony mrylla etmerin I will never do
it
nevertheless barybir [ba:rybir]
conjunction nevertheless, anyway, even
so, in spite of, in any case Barybir gitmeli
bolar. Nevertheless it's necessary to go.
new tze adj new
newcomer keseki n newcomer, foreigner
ody ze bas, tmese kesek try it
yourself before you experiment on
others keseki el ylan tutmaga agy
make a cat's-paw out of somebody (sem.
domains: 3.5.4.2 - Saying, proverb.)
comp. Kesek girmek gadagan!
newly tzelikde 1 adv newly
news derek3 n news Geen uruda iten
agamdan hi derek ok. There is no news
as to who lost in the last war. derek

informasia
tapmak to search out deregi dargamak to
be destroyed at the root; grdmbildim n news, tidings Ondan grdmbildim ok. There is no news of him.
grdm-bildim itmek to be missing;
habar 1 cf: informasia. n news,
information, intelligence, message,
report soky habarlar the latest news ho
habar good news habar bermek to
inform, notify, send a message comp.
habar gatmak ; jar1 n news, report,
message, announcement jar ekmek/
etmek to announce, cry out; tzelik n
news; tgeik 4 adj news tgeik
nme habar bar? What's news? bu gl
tgeik This flower is different. tgeik
tagam unusual flavour tgeik gowy
adam an exceptional person;
tgeiklik 3 n news Nme tgeiklik
bar? What's new?
newsboy gazeti 2 n newspaper seller,
newsboy, newspaper boy
newspaper gazet [ga'zet] n newspaper
next indiki adj next indiki hepde next
week indiki yl next year; nobatdaky
[no:batdaky] adj next; next in turn
nobatdaky meseleler immediate tasks
nobatdaky goberili latest issue (of a
journal, etc.)
nice enay [ena:y] adj nice, good,
pretty, pleasant enay zat nice thing
enay ounjak nice toy enay gyz pretty
girl; grmege cf: grnkli. adj
beautiful, nice, handsome, attractive
grmege igit handsome fellow
nickname lakam 2 n nickname onu il
arasyndaky lakamy His nickname among
the general populace
niece egeni n niece Meni egenim
owadan gyz. My niece is a beautiful girl.
{sister's daughter (dialect)}
night gije [gi:je] adv night, at night gijegndiz day and night, all day uzyn gije
all night long gije ilemek to work day
and night giji dowamynda over/during
twenty-four hours garaky gije dark
night Gijiz rahat bolsun! Good night! I
gije dowam etdi. Work went on round
the clock.; gijeki [gi:jeki] adv night,
nightly gijeki smena night shift gijeki
myhman guest who stays the night;
guest who arrives late at night

206
night_and_day
nightingale bilbil n nightingale
Hawanlar bagynda bilbil guuny grdk.
In the animal park we saw a
nightingale. Bilbil gular owazly adym
adar. Nightingales sing beautifully.
nightmare garabasma n nightmare
nil nol 2 num nil {score}
nine dokuz num nine; dokuzlyk n the
nine of ... kerpi dokuzlyk the nine of
diamonds
ninety togsan num ninety
ninth dokuzynjy adj ninth
Nisa Nusa Nisa Nusa galasy gadymy
gala. The fort at Nisa is an ancient fort.
(sem. domains: 9.7.2.3 - Names of
cities.)
no ok 3 [o:k] modal v no Sen ilis dilini
bilmi? ok. Do you speak English?
No. comp. A oga! comp. bary-ogy
comp. Sz ok comp. oguna anmak
comp. ok bolmak comp. ok bolmazlyk
comp. ok etmek comp. ok zatlary
atmak
no difference biparh [bi:parh] adv makes
no difference; being indifferent Meni
in gyy-azy biparh. It makes no
difference to me whether it's Winter or
Spring. Okasa z in okaa, meni
in biparh. If you want to read it, then
read it - it makes no difference to me.
no. 20 igrimilik 2 num a number
twenty, a unit of twenty Men igrimilik
biledi ekdim. I pulled out a ticket
number twenty.
nobility asyllylyk n nobility; good
upbringing
noble asylly adj noble, well-bred, well
brought-up asylly magala a well-bred
family asylly metallar precious metals
nobleman asylzada [asylza:da] n noble,
nobleman
nobody hi kim (comp. of hi) Pronoun
nobody, no one
nod mlemek v to nod, give a sign gz
mlemek to wink (at) el bilen mlemek to
give a sign by hand
nod head atmak 5 v to nod one's head ba
atmak to nod one's head habat atmak to
speak sternly gzne p atmak to only

207

hiden gi agy.
show/tell partially so faults not
noticable {non-verbal greeting}
noise galmagal 1 n noise, sound (of)
Olary galmagaly eidilrdi. They were
heard making a noise. galmagal
turuzmak to make a noise; lagyrdy n
noise, loud talk Bir lagyrdy eidildi. A
noise has been heard. (sem. domains:
Liter - Literary.); wadyrdy n noise, din,
uproar Ol jadan bir wadyrdy eidildi.
From that room a din was heard.
noisy ermende adj noisy, troublemaker
nomad arwa n nomad
nominate grkezmek 5 v to nominate
kandidaturasyny grkezmek to nominate
someone for election; hdrlemek 2 v
to nominate
nominative ba 3 cf: boun, egmek. n
nominative ba dsm nominative case
{grammar} comp. ba asmana etmek
comp. ba bermezlik comp. ba
ykarmak comp. ba egmek comp. ba
galdyrmak comp. ba gtermek comp.
ba wretmek comp. ba stne comp.
ba-badaklyk id. Baa barmaz! comp.
baa bela gelmek comp. badan sowmak
comp. badan-aak2 comp. bay amak
comp. bay atylmak comp. bayna
dmek comp. bayna gobermek comp.
bayna etmek comp. Baya dnein!
comp. baydan gum sowurmak comp.
bayy etegie salmak comp. bayy
assyga etirmek
non existence okluk 2 [o:kluk] n nonexistence Onu oklugy meni nj gody.
His non-existence made me to worry.
comp. okluk forma
none hi 1 unknown none, nothing comp.
hi haan comp. hi hasy comp. hi
hili comp. hi kim comp. hi wagt
comp. hi erde comp. hi zat comp.
hiden gi agy. ; hi hili (comp. of
hi) Pronoun not any, none, no kind of
hi hili tzelik ok. There isn't any news.
Hi hili rol onanok. It is of no
importance. It doesn't matter at all.
nonsense samyrdy 2 n idle talk, nonsense
noodles una [u:na] n noodles
Sowuklamada burly una imek maslahat
berilr. When you catch a cold it is
recommended that you eat noodles with

hot chilli. [a thick soup containing pasta

(US noodles), black-eyed peas, and
(usually) chilli]
noon gnortan [gnorta:n] adv noon,
midday gnortan nahary lunch, dinner
gnortandan so afternoon
normal kadaly 1 [ka:daly] adj normal,
normative kadaly i gni normal
working day; normal [nor'mal] cf:
kada. adj normal, usual, average normal
agram acceptable weight normal agda
normal situation
north demirgazyk n north demirgazyk
wgini northern lights
north-east gara n north-east garak to
the north-east garak gitmek go to the
north-east comp. ara zlmek
northwards okaryk 2 [okary:k] adv
northwards, northbound Maryda oturan
saryklar okaryk p balaalar. The
Saryks who lived in Mary started to
move toward the east - UP THE
MOUNTAIN, HB.
nose burun 1 n nose ybyn olbarsy
burnundan dilp balaar. A mosquito
starts by biting a lion's nose.
Dmeglnim bri burnym dykylar.
Konditer nmleri ndran sehi
twereginden gese burnua sji isler
gelar. comp. burnundan aryny
grmezlik comp. burnundan gelmek
comp. burnuy uzatmak comp. burny
deilen aly bolmak comp. burun deigi
say. Gahary gelse, burnuy dile comp.
iki elii burnua sokup gelmek ; burun
2 n nose, interest Burnyy sokmasyz ere
sokma. Don't put your nose into other
people's business. (sem. domains:
9.7.2.1 - Names of countries.) comp.
burnundan aryny grmezlik comp.
burnundan gelmek comp. burnuy
uzatmak comp. burny deilen aly
bolmak comp. burun deigi say.
Gahary gelse, burnuy dile comp. iki
elii burnua sokup gelmek
nosebag torba 3 [to:rba] n nosebag
not dl particle not, is not; hi 2 not, no,
not at all comp. hi haan comp. hi
hasy comp. hi hili comp. hi kim
comp. hi wagt comp. hi erde comp.
hi zat comp. hiden gi agy. ; ok 1
[o:k] modal v not to have Sende howly

A oga!
okmy? Haven't you got a back yard?
Meni baga atjak zadym ok There is
nothing more I want to say to you.
Geregi ok (There is) no need. comp. A
oga! comp. bary-ogy comp. Sz ok
comp. oguna anmak comp. ok
bolmak comp. ok bolmazlyk comp. ok
etmek comp. ok zatlary atmak ; ok 2
[o:k] modal v not to be there Ol de
ok He is not at home. comp. A oga!
comp. bary-ogy comp. Sz ok comp.
oguna anmak comp. ok bolmak
comp. ok bolmazlyk comp. ok etmek
comp. ok zatlary atmak
not bad ganymat [gany:mat] adj not bad,
quite good Biz ganymat hasyl ygnadyk.
We gathered in a good harvest. Nhili
agdalary? -Ganymat, sag bol. How are
you? Not bad, thank you. Hudaa kr,
agdaym ganymat. thank to God, I am
better Biz ganymat i edipdiris. we did
good job
not enough kemter 1 adj lacking, little,
few, not enough, shortcoming(s),
incomplete, doesn't reach, short, a bit,
some duzy kemter not enough salt
note bellik n note, point Mugallym
ygnakda okuwylary tankydy
belliklerini adyp gedi. When they met
the teacher made some critical points
about the students.; hat 4 n note, letter,
memo, slip d ndiri haty explanatory
note comp. dil haty comp. hat-pet
gatnadan ; azgy 2 n note ol
azgylary travel notes/sketches azgy
etmek to take/make notes
notebook depder n exercise book,
notebook, ledger; depdere n small
notebook, booklet azuw depderesi
notebook zhmet depderesi work recordcard
nothing hi zat (comp. of hi, zat)
Pronoun nothing, nothing at all hi
zatsyz galdyrmak to be left with nothing
notice dykgat n attention, notice dykgat
bilen attentively
notified habardar 1 [habarda:r] adj
notified (about), informed (about),
advised habardar etmek to notify,
inform, advise, send a message, let
somebody know

208
notify dudurmak 1 v to let someone
know, inform, report, tell, notify Geljek
wagtyy maa durdur. Let me know
when you will come. Maslahat
geiriljekdigi bir a nden duduruldy.
They announced the meeting one month
in advance.
nourishing gli 4 adj nourishing,
nutritious gli nahar nutritious meal
novel roman2 [ro'man] n novel
{literature}
November noabr [no'abr] cf: Sanjar. n
November 21-nji noabr meni kakamy
doglan gni. The 21st of November is my
father's birthday.; Sanjar cf: noabr. n
November [Soltan Sanjar was a famous
Turkmen warrior]
Novruz nowruz n Novruz Nowruz
baramy - musulman kalendarynda tze
yl hasaplanar. Nowruz is considered to
be New Year in the Muslim calendar.
[Muslim new year, according to the
Persian Calendar]
now bakaly [baka:ly] interj now, now
then Dur bakaly! Now wait!; indi 1 adj
now, no longer Ol indeks aga dl. He is
no longer a child. Ol indi uly adam. He is
grown-up now.; indi adv now, shortly
now and then mahal-mahal adj at times,
now and then, now and again Biz
mahal-mahal daga gezelenje gidris. We
go to mountains now and then.
nowhere hi erde (comp. of hi) adv
nowhere
number nomer 1 ['nomer] cf: belgi,
legli, san, sany. n number
number of sany cf: belgi, nomer,
legli, san. number of
number_three lk 3 num No. 3 lk
awtobus bus number 3 lk awtobus
wokzala enli barar. The number 3 bus
goes as far as the railway station.
{transport, e.g. bus, tram}
numeral san 2 [sa:n] cf: belgi, nomer,
legli, sany. n numeral birlik san
singular (number) kplk san plural
(number) mukdar sanlar cardinal
numerals tertip san ordinal numerals
{grammar} comp. sana salmak comp.
sandan ykmak
nurse eneke n nurse, nanny, child-minder

209

hi zat
nursemaid idegi 1 n nursemaid Idegi
onu arasyna derman aldy. Nursemaid
anointed a medisine to his injured
place.
nursery
nursing gzeg n nursing, looking (after),
care, tending; ideg 1 [i:deg] n nursing,

care (of), looking (after) ideg etmek to

take care (of), look (after) Bu
keselhanada syrkawlara oat ideg edilr.
The patients are taken good care of in
this hospital.

Oo

oak dub n oak dub jeeli oak-grove Gz

alary dub jeeli ertekilerdki aly
owadan reklere brenr. In the autumn
months an oak-grove becomes as
beautiful as the stories about it. I uly
dub agajy bizi kmizde sr. The
biggest oak tree grows in our street.
oar krek 1 n oar, scull, paddle gaygy
kregi boat's oar
oath ant n oath ant imek to swear comp.
Ant iip, awy alady. ; lebiz n oath,
promise lebiz etmek to promise lebzide
durmak to keep one's words lebziden
dnmek to betray, break one's promise
comp. lebzii uwutmak
oats
obey boun bolmak (comp. of boun) v
to obey, submit to, keep Tze ie giremde
krhana ertlerine boun boldum. When
I started the new job I had to keep the
workplace conditions. Tomus jogabynda
klasymyzy gllerini e getirip seretmegi
boun boldum. Boun bolan iii hkman
etmeli.; boun egmek 2 (comp. of
boun, egmek) to obey Buruga boun
egmedik esgerleri etmiine gr temmisini
alardylar. Beik Watanylyk urunda
sowetler nemyslary inde boyn
egmediler. Bonymy damarlaryny
sowukladyp, kellmi egip bilmok. Meni
bonymda me bar. (u szlem dogry dl
hasaplaaryn) Dera bonyna dyn
almaga gitdik.
object jisim 2 n object; predmet 1 cf:
rezerw, tialyk, ykalga, haryt,
sapak, dersi, alar, zapas, zat. n

object, article uly bolmadyk predmetler

small articles; zat 2 [za:t] cf: rezerw,
tialyk, ykalga, haryt, predmet,
sapak, dersi, alar, zapas. n object,
item Men bu zat barada biln zadym
ok. I don't know anything about this
object. comp. bir zat comp. hi zat
OBL -maly OBL; -meli OBL
obligation bornama [bo:rna:ma] n
obligation, engagement, commitment
olbaymyz bir hepdelik dyn aly
bolanda, hemme bornama orunbasara
tabyryldy. When our leader took a
week's leave all his/her responsibilities
were transferred to his/her deputy.
Maa i hdrlnlerinde maa degili
bornama kayl bolup ertnama gol
ekdim.
obliged borly 2 [bo:rly] adj obliged,
responsible for Enem-atam ogalandan
so kii jigimlerime seretmegi zmi borly
hasaplaardym. After my parents died I
was obliged to bring up my younger
siblings.
obscure alasarmyk [a:lasarmyk] adj
obscure, vague; dnksiz adj obscure,
unfathomable, not understandable, not
understood, incomprehensible Dnksiz
haty okada,nirede hasy harp durandygy
belli dl. When you read an
incomprehensible letter, you don't know
where to start. Seni edn grrleri
dnksiz, many ok. You are talking
gobbledygook.
observation gzegilik n look-out,
observation gzegilik punkty look-out

bwet basmak
post aga gzegilik gerek. A child needs
to be cared for.
observe synlamak 2 [sy:nlamak] v to
observe, look at
obstacle bwet 2 n obstacle, impediment
Meni mde bwet bolma, men barybir
giderin. Don't be an obstacle to me, I'm
going in any case. Oglym bilen gelinimi
aralarynda bwet bolmayn diip
grdim. bwet basmak comp. bwet
bolmak ; psgelilik n obstacle,
hindrance her hili psgelilikleri eip
gemek to overcome all obstacles and
move forward
obstinate hjet adj obstinate, stubborn,
refractory, opinionated, pig-headed
hjet oglan stubborn/obstinate boy;
kejal adj obstinate, stubborn, naughty
ke adam obstinate person Mugallymlar
onu ogluny rn kejal oglandygyny
adarlar. Teachers say that his son is a
very naughty boy. comp. birini kejine
gatmak
obstinately zbayna 1 [:zbayna] adv
obstinately; of one's own accord
zbayna bir i etmek to do something of
one's own accord
obtain permission rugsat almak (comp.
of rugsat) to obtain permission iden
galmak in rugsat almak to obtain
permission to stay off work
obtuse angle ktek bur (comp. of
ktek) obtuse angle Biz geometriada
ktek bury wrendik. We studied obtuse
angles in the geometry lesson.
obvious dnkli adj obvious, evident,
intelligible, comprehensible,
understandable, clear dnkli zat
naturally dnkli geplemek to speak
clearly Depderidki hatyy dnkli hem
arassa az, Write your letter clearly and
accurately in your notebook. Tema
dnkli bolar aly mugallym kp mysal
getirdi. The teacher used many examples
so that the theme would be clear.; gr
adj obvious, patent, known gr alan
obvious lie gr bolmak to be/become
obvious gr etmek to admit, declare;
grnetin 1 [grneti:n] adj obvious,
evident, manifest, overt grnetin zorluk
overt violence

210
occasion agda 3 n occasion, moment
amatly agda right moment
occasionally kwagt cf: khalat,
kmahal. adv occasionally, from time
by time, sometimes Kwagt meni
gygyryp, adym adasym gelr.
Sometimes I want to shout songs out
loud.
occupied eeli 1 adj occupied, taken Bu
er eeli. This place is occupied.;
megullanmak [megu:llanmak] v to
do, be occupied (with), be busy(with),
be involved (in), to take part (in) sport
bilen megullanmak to take part in sports
(sporting activities)
occupy eelemek 1 v to occupy, take
one's place z erii eelemek to occupy
a seat, take one's place
ocean umman [umma:n] n ocean dpsz
umman bottomless ocean Umman dera
(Hindi okeany) The ocean river (Indian
ocean) Umman dera (Hind ummany)
Huge river (Indian ocean)
October oktabr n October oktabr ay
October Oktabr aynda biz Garasyzlyk
baramyny belleris. In October we
celebrate a holiday of Independence.
odd bita [bi:ta:] adj odd, unpaired bita
kw odd shoes; tk n odd (number),
not a pair
of course elbetde adj of course, certainly,
to be sure Elbetde, ol geler. Of course he
will come. Elbetde, atlyk geler. Of course
joy will come.
of the same age ada [a:da] adj of
the same age O tada meni adalarym
ok eken. There weren't any people of
my age.
offence gaty grmek2 v to take offence,
be offended; gwn-kine (comp. of
gwn, kine) n offence, injury, wrong,
resentment, dissatisfaction; ke n
offence, insult ke etmek to take
offence, to feel hurt; ke-kine [keki:ne] cf: keke-kine kine. offence
ke-kine etme don't be offended;
sgn [s:gn] n offence; ynjy n
offence, injury, insult Agyry-ynjydan
aa ol bir dim hem gymyldap bilmedi.
Because of injury and pain he couldn't
move even for one step.; azyk 1

211

agy bilen
[a:zyk] n wrongdoing, offence comp.
Bir azykdan r lmez, hi azyksyz r
bolmaz.
offend keletmek cf: kelemek,
kelemek. v to offend, hurt (the
feelings of) Ol meni gaty keletdi. He
really offended me.
offend one another kelemek cf:
kelemek, keletmek. v to offend
each other, cause mutual offence
offended keli adj offended, hurt,
aggrieved keli bolmak to have a
grudge (against), be offended
offended_by
offer hdrlemek 1 v to offer, tender,
propose, invite, recommend, suggest z
hyzmatyy hdrlemek to offer
somebody one's services tze plan
hdrlemek to suggest a new plan
offer tea alamak [a:lamak] v to give
(someone) some tea, offer tea (to
someone)
offered hdrlenmek v be offered, be
suggested, be proposed Oa oat i
hdrlendi. He was offered a good job.
offering sadaka ( dial. var. sadaga) n
offering, gift, sacrifice sadaka etmek to
have a religious meal sadaka bermek to
give a gift, to offer a sacrifice
office buro [bu'ro] n office, bureau; line
Sorag-jogap burosyna ja edip, otly
ugraan wagtyny bildik. We rang the help
line and found out the time of the train.
Duralgada tapan pasportymy, itirilen
zatlar burosyna tabyrdym. I handed in
the passport I found at the bus stop to
the lost and found office.; edara
[eda:ra] cf: kontora. n office dwlet
edarasy state office ylmy edara research
laboratory edarada ilemek to work in an
office edara etmek to set up an office;
kontora [kan'tora] cf: edara. n office,
bureau kontora gullukysy clerk
officer ofiser [ofi'ser] cf: serkerde. n
officer ofiserler ygnagy officers's
meeting
official emeldar [emelda:r] n official,
noble; resmi [resmi:] adj official resmi
habar official information resmi agyry
formal invitation resmi dl unofficial
resmi wekil an official

offspring dl 2 n seed, offspring,

descendant Dowarlar ylda bir gezek dl
berse, dli iri bolar. If the flocks
produce sperm only once a year, the
amount of sperm will be huge.; perzent
n offspring(s), child(ren) alyz perzent
an only child
often kp 2 adv often ol bize kp gelr he
comes to us very often comp. kp
adamly comp. kp nokat ; ygyygydan adv often, frequently Bizi
urdumyzda ygy-ygydan agy agar.
It rains frequently in our country.
Oguz oguz n Oguz Oguz han trkmenleri
bay hasaplanar. Oguz khan is
considered the source of turkmens.
[ancesters of Turmken, Seljuks, etc.]
oh b interj oh B, munu gowudygyny! Oh,
how good that is!; e2 interj oh E-wa!
Oh no! E, oglanlar! Hey, boys! E,
akmak! Hey, stupid! E, jemagat! Hey,
people!; wa [wa:] interj oh, ah, ow,
ouch!; oops! wa, agyra-la! Ouch, it
hurts! wa, bu ylany oh my god, there
is a snake halyna wa! woe!; we interj
(expr. surprise) oh!, oh, really! We, sen
onu syrkawdygyny bileokmy? Oh, don't
you know that he is ill?
Oh no! wah interj Oh no!; Alas! (archaic)
Wah, saa nme boldy? Oh, what
happened to you? Wah, meni adymdan
ykypdyr. Oh, I have forgotten.
oh well bbit bola! (comp. of bhbit) Oh
well, it doesn't matter! Her i bolsun,
bhbit bolsun. May each work be for the
common good. [After e.g. losing a lot of
money.]
oh! wk interj oh! (expr. pain) wk, elimi
dwd! Oh, you broke my arm!; wi
interj oh! (expr. surprise) Wi, men seni
grmndirin! Oh, I haven't seen you!; a2
interj oh! a Rebbim, maa kmek et! Oh
my Lord, help me!
oil nebit n oil, petroleum Trkmenistanda
nebit ndrilr. Oil is made in
Turkmenistan. comp. nebit agy ; ag 1
[a:g] n oil zetun agy olive oil mayn
agy machine oil pagta agy cotton-seed
oil ag zawody creamery comp. ag aly
comp. agy bilen ; aglamak
[a:glamak] v to oil, grease, lubricate

kne

212
tikin maynyny aglamak to lubricate a
sewing-machine
oil worker nebiti n oil worker Balkan
welaatynda nebitiler kp. There are
many oil workers in Balkan region.
OK
OK! Boljak! 1 (comp. of bolmak) OK! It's
going to happen!
old garry 1 cf: kne. adj old garry aal
old lady; kne 1 [k:ne] cf: garry. adj
old kne ja old house kne kw old
shoes kne wagtlarda in olden times, in
days of old comp. kne zaman agtarmak
comp. kne-kl ; uly 2 adj old, older
Serdar z jigisi Sapadan drt a uly.
Serdar is four years older than his
brother Sapa. say. Myhman atadan uly
say. Myhman atadan uly comp. ula
gitmek comp. ula tutmak comp. uludan
dem almak comp. uludan-ki comp.
ululy-kiili comp. uly geplemek comp.
uly-kii
old lady kempir n old lady, old woman
Kempiri bilen a ienide, hezil bolar.
It is a pleasure to take tea with your
(old) wife. {arch}
old man baba 3 [ba:ba] n old man
Okuwy garry baba keden gemne
kmek etdi. The student helped the old
man across the road.; goja n old man;
auly 1 [a:uly] n old man
Old Testament Twrat n the Pentateuch
(book of Moses) and historical books of
the Old Testament; the Torah and the
Prophets in the Hebrew Bible
{religious}
older
older brother aga 1 [a:ga] n brother
(older)
older sister bajy 2 n older sister (some
dialects) Gyz magala doganlaryna we
jigilerine bajy bolar. Women in the
family are bajy to their brothers and
sisters.
olive zetun [zetu:n] n olive zetun agajy
olive-tree zetun agy olive oil zetun
baldagy olive branch
omen alamat 3 [ala:mat] n omen; yrym n
omen, sign, superstition yrym etmek to
bode, foretell Yrymlara ynanmak

alylykdyr. It is wrong to believe in

superstitions.
on gadyyn2 [gadyy:n] adj on the way
back, while returning gadyyn bize gel.
On the way back call in on us.; st 1
post on, on top of, over Kse stolu
stnde. The cup is on the table. Uar
stmizden uup gedi. The plane flew
over our heads. Ol ja dagy stnde
gurlupdyr. That house was built on a
mountain. Uar dagy stnden geip
barar. plane is passing over the
mountain knegi stnden jempir
gemek to wear a jumper over a dress
ol wagt dagy sti gar eken. Apparently
there was snow on the top of the
mountain at that time. Biz dezi
stnden uup bararys. we are flying
over the sea Kse stolu stnde dur. the
cup is on the table Men seni adan
szleri stni etiresim gelr. I want to
add some words to your speech. halyny
stnde oturmak to sit on the carpet Ol
aty stnde He is on horseback. dni
stnde oturmak to sit on camel Men tze
kitaby stnde ilerin. I am working
on a new book. Sen mhm meselni
stnden bardy, muny meni adyma
drdi. You came across an important
issue and reminded me about it. Uar ak
bulutlary stnden uup barar. Oraz
alty aynda birinji gezek aty stne
ykypdy. a gyzy pili stnde otyrdy.
D stnde kejebe bezelgi dur. Roaly
stnde notalar dur. Kitap tekjesini
stnde kitaplar hem depderler dur. Men
dmde ganat gerip jalary stnden
uupdyryn. Mamama erteki adyp
bermegini soranmyzda:"ba stne",diip
adyp berdi. *stnde comp. aak
stnde comp. aak stne galmak
comp. ba stne comp. sti aylmak1
comp. sti aylmak2 comp. sti bilen
comp. stnden arz etmek comp.
stnden dmek1 comp. stnden
dmek2 comp. stnden sowuk suw
gulan aly bolmak1 comp. stnden
sowuk suw gulan aly bolmak2 comp.
stne comp. stne almak comp.
stne imek comp. stni amak
comp. stni basyrmak comp. stni
apmak comp. stni etirmek ; z2 3
post on diwary znde on the wall

213

ele bir
suwu znde on the water er znde
all over the world comp. ayk zli
comp. agyr zli comp. ilime z
urmak comp. z dndermek comp. z
saraltmak comp. z solgun comp. z
tutmak comp. z urmak comp. z-gz
comp. zbe-z comp. zi tzelenmek
comp. zne gara srtmek comp.
zni uwmak
on contrary, vice versa, instead gata 2
cf: gatam. conjunction times
albarmaly dl, gata talap etmeli. Not to
plead, instead needs to demand. Men
ony gata atladym. I remembered
him for three times. ene bir gata once
again Gata, seniem meni goldamagy
gerek On contrary you also need to
support me.
on empty stomach ajze [a:j:ze] adv on
an empty stomach
on foot aak aagynda (comp. of aak)
on foot
on point of tears aglasy gelmek (comp.
of gelmek) to be on the point of tears
on the contrary gatam 2 [gata:m] cf:
gata. conjunction on the contrary
on_top
once birem cf: birmahal, birwagt.
adj once long ago Bu birem edilmelidi.
This should have been done long ago.
Knek birem tikilip tayn boldy. The
dress was ready a long time ago. Sen
maa hayt edeniden, birem dkana
zi gidip gelerdi. Otly birem ugrady.
Trkmenistanda hkimietleri tze ol
hereketi dzgnlerini girizmek islen
wagty, erli ilat ollarda gnde bolan
kpsanly hadysalar zerarly ol hereketi
howpsyzlygy relerini wagtyny
birem etendigini adarlar.;
birmahal cf: birem, birwagt. adj
once, at one time; birmahallar adv
once, at one time; birwagt cf:
birmahal, birem. adj long ago, a
long time ago, once (upon a time) Men
ony birwagt grpdim. I saw him a very
long time ago.; birwagtlayn adv once,
one time
one bir 1 num one, a, someone; each other
Sygyrymyz bir gle dogdy. Our cow gave
birth to a calf. Ogly atasyna meze, bir
almany iki bleni aly. The son

resembles his father so much it's like

two halves of an apple. Mysal in birini
adayn. For example, let me tell you
one. Joram bilen bir-birimize garayp,
okuwa bile gidris. My friend and I wait
for each other, then we go to our place
of study together. comp. bir agza
bakmak comp. bir almany iki blen aly
comp. bir ukura tkrmek comp. bir
demde comp. bir derejede comp. bir
gezek comp. bir gzde grmek/garamak
comp. bir gysym bolmak comp. bir
hasapdan comp. bir zi comp. bir ze
comp. bir wagtda comp. bir zat comp.
bir-biri(ni) comp. bir-birine comp. biri
comp. birimiz comp. kimdir biri comp.
ele bir ; birtaraplayn adj one way,
one sided, unilateral birtaraplayn
hereket one way traffic mesel
birtaraplayn garamak; dwtalap adj
desirous, inclined, willing dwtalap
bolmak to be eager, be inclined
Dwtalap bolmak in edn iii
rekden smeli. To be willing you
should love your work with all your
heart. Iki agamy birisi ylmy ilerine
dwtalap, belekisi medisina ilerine. One
of my brothers is inclined to scientific
works, the other to medicine. ; wreniji
n one who learns, student
one after another yzly-yzyna [y:zlyy:zyna] (comp. of yz) adj one after
another, by turns, in turn yzly-yzyna
gelmek to come one after another
Obamyzy oglanlary yzly-yzyna gullukdan
gadyp geldiler. The boys of our village
returned back one after another from
army.
one by one birin-birin [bi:ri:n-bi:ri:n] adj
in detail, one by one, from the very
beginning, without missing anything
out birin-birin grp ykmak to look over
them one by one Hemme bolan zady
birin-birin adyp berdim. I recounted
everything in detail. Kepilnamalary
baryny tzeden birin-birin barladym.
umurtgalary dwilen ada
dowilmedigini birin-birin elden geirip
barladym.; eke-eke(den) (comp. of
eke) one by one, one after the other
Biz eke-ekeden ekzamine girdik. We
entered one by one to examination.

talap
one demanding talapkr cf: talap.
one_demanding
one hundred zlk n a one-hundred e.g.
Manat note Bagyla! zlgi bldrip
bilmersiizmi? Excuse me! Can you
change this one-hundred manat note?
one of number ta 3 [ta:] cf: butada2.
n one of an equal number, one of a pair,
couple comp. fiziki tadan
one of them biri 1 (comp. of bir) one (of
them)
one of us birimiz (comp. of bir) one of us
birinden from someone; from one of
them
oneself z 1 [:z] Pronoun oneself, own,
one one's own zm myself z
yourself zi himself/herself u gnu
znde on this very day ol bir wagty
znde-de at the same time zm etdim. I
did it myself. zi ele almak to control
oneself Onu zi gnkr. She has only
herself to blame. comp. z ajalya
lmek comp. z aagya palta urmak
comp. z gbegii z kesmek comp.
zni tutmak comp. zi ele almak
comp. zi oarmak comp. zi
tutmak
onion sogan n onion
only bary-ogy 2 (comp. of bar, ok) adv
in all, only, just Gar bary-ogy bir gn
agdy. Snow fell, just for one day.; dek1
adv only, just; die adv only, merely,
just agalary mamalaryna goup toa
die zm gitdim. Having left the
children at their grandmother's, I went
to a party all by myself. altanyp, u gn
die bir knek tikdim. I was lazy today
and only made one dress. ; alyz 1
[aly:z] adj only Die alyz ol galar.
There is only one way. alyz oglu your
only son; ay 2 cf: ayja. adv only,
in all; up to now Bizi Agabatdan
ugralymyz ay iki arym sagat bolupdyr.
It must only be two and a half hours
since we left Ashgabat.; eke-tk
(comp. of eke) only Maral onu eketk agasy. Maral is her only daughter.
onto stne (comp. of st) to, onto ol
garyndyny gazana salyp, stne iki litr
ganag suw gumaly. You need to put the
mixture into a large cooking pot, and
pour 2 litres of water on top.

214
adanlygymy stne,ykylyp aagymy
agyrtdym. Stolu stne oturgu goup
potology zer we ar bilen bezedik.
opaque galy1 2 adj opaque

open amak 1 v to open, inaugurate, turn

on Sport drli urtlara gapy aar. Sports
open the door to different countries.
Gapyny a. Open the door. comp. agyz
amak comp. ara amak comp. gwn
amak comp. grr amak ; amak 3 v
to open, begin ygnagy amak to open a
meeting comp. agyz amak comp. ara
amak comp. gwn amak comp.
grr amak ; ayk 1 adj open ayk
gwnli open-hearted ayk gapy, dkan
an open door, shop; aylmak 2 v to
open Sergi aylypdyr. The exhibition
opened.
open hearted ak gwnli 1 (comp. of ak,
gwnli) open-hearted
open relations
opener aar 2 n tin-opener, can-opener;
bottle-opener, corkscrew saz aary clef
(eg, treble, bass) [anything used to open
something else with] {music}
opening ayly adv opening Bu gn
Agabatda tze muzei aylyy boldy.
Today there was opening new museum
in Ashgabat.
operation operasia 1 n surgery,
operation operasia etmek to operate,
perform an operation operasia bolmak
to have/undergo an operation, to be
operated (on) {medical}
opinion baha 2 [baha:] cf: ek. n
opinion, popularity Teatrda golan sahna
gowy baha berildi. The stage that was put
in the theatre was well-liked. Dogany
dogana bahasy kdyr. One's brother's
value is priceless.; ak 1 n opinion,
viewpoint Her zady aky bar.
Everything has its point of view. ak
bilen akym ykmady My view point
didn't win out. comp. akdan ykmak ;
garay n opinion, point of view,
standpoint, outlook, view u mesele
seni garayy meni gyzyklandyrar.
Your opinion on this issue interests me.
u mesel seni garayy nhili? what is
your opinion on this issue ylmy garay
scientific opinion; nukdanazar cf:
nazar. n opinion, point of view mesel

215

agalar bagy
drli nukdanazardan seretmek to look at
a problem from various points of view
opium nee 2 cf: narkotiki. n opium nee
ekmek to smoke opium; tirek n opium
opium addict tirekke opium addict
opponent eek 2 n opponent Duran bir
eekdir, bakmaz sze. If any opponent
is present don't hold back in what you
say.; garyda n opponent, adversary,
rival; opposite number garydayy
emek to beat one's rival garyda el
head wind
opportunity agda 4 n opportunity,
possibility Kynylygy basyp, agda
dredr... When difficulties arise,
possibilities are created...
oppose ba gter (comp. of gtermek) to
oppose
opposite gabat 1 adj opposite, facing
gabatma-gabat oturmak to sit facing one
another comp. gabat gelmek ; gapmagary 1 adj opposite; gary 1 post
opposite Ol meni garymda durdy. He
stood opposite me. myhmanhanany
garyynda Opposite the hotel.; mala 3
n opposite, in front (of), before jay
malaynda in front of a building
malaynda oturmak to sit opposite (to)
comp. mala derii samak comp.
malay aylmak comp. malaydan
diremek
opposition aak bagy bolmak (comp. of
aak) to get in the way (of someone
doing something), to oppose
oppress ezmek 2 v to oppress someone
halky ezmek to oppress people; sykmak
2 v oppress
oppression ezi n oppression; jebir 1 n
oppression, persecution, yoke (of
slavery or oppression) jebir ekmek to be
oppressed jebir bermek to oppress jebir
etmek to oppress, to torture, make
somebody suffer comp. jebir-jepa comp.
jebir-stem ; stem n oppression, abuse
stem etmek harm, wrong, oppress,
abuse; zulum 1 n oppression kolonial
zulum yoke of colonialism zulum
astymda bolmak to be under the yoke
(of) zulum etmek to oppress zulum ediji
oppressor comp. z janya zulum etmek

oppressive
oppressor eziji n oppressor; zulumke n
oppressor, user of force; aggressor
Jnet handan hemmeler gorkupdyr, ol
rn zulumke adam bolupdyr. Everyone
was afraid of Juneyt lord, he was very
oppressor man.
OPT -syn OPT
or a-da [a:-da] conjunction or, or else
azatlyk a-da lm freedom or death
a... a-da either... or Dyn aly gni a
kino giderin, a-da teatra! On Sunday I'm
either going to the cinema or to the
theatre.; a1 conjunction or Bu amy a
kofe? Is it tea or coffee? a... a
either...or a dik satyn al, a-da kw.
Buy either boots or shoes.
oral dilden adj oral, verbal, by word of
mouth dilden atmak to tell, say, speak
Hat azman habarymy dilden atdym. I
delivered my message orally without
writing. To akylygyny dilden atdyk.
We issued a verbal wedding party
invitation. Bu habar ap edilmn dilden
dile gedi. This message spread by word
of mouth without publication.
orange apelsin [apel'sin] cf: pyrtykal. n
orange {fruit}; mmii adj orange
mmii rek orange colour; pyrtykal cf:
apelsin. n orange {fruit}
orbit alanmak 2 v orbit er Gn
dayndan ylda bir gezek alanar. The
Earth orbits the sun once a year. ba
alanmak to be dizzy
orchard bag1 2 [ba:g] n orchard, grove
miweli bag (fruit) orchard Mekdepde
owar bolanda okuwylar bag hem
ekdiler. In schools, when it was time for
voluntary labour the school children
planted an orchard. u yl bizi
bagymyz, kp hasyl berdi. This year our
orchard provided much fruit. comp.
agalar bagy
orchestra orkestr 1 n orchestra Orkestr
Garasyzlyk sazyny aldy. Orchestra
played Independence music.
order buruk 1 n order, command Aal
gyzlary baramylygyna ba lukmany
burygy bilen zenan igrlere sowgat
berdiler. carry out an order; the form of
a command Komandiri burygy bouna

dzgn-nyzam
ii erine etirmek. azmaa buruk
bermek burulan i; buurmak v to
order, command, book; dzgn 1 cf:
dzgn-nyzam. n order, sequence ileri
dzgne getirmek to bring order to the
work I tertibimizi dzgne saldyk. We
order our work schedule. kiden u
gnki dzgnimiz has gowulandy. Today's
rule is better than before. comp.
dzgn-tertip ; dzgn 2 cf: dzgnnyzam. n order, conduct ze dzgn
etmek to control oneself ze dzgn
edinen zatlary sora endik bolar. If you
order things in your life they will
become a habit. comp. dzgn-tertip ;
emir n order, command emir etmek to
order, command; hkm 1 n order,
command hkm etmek to order (by a
judge); parz 1 n obligatory religious
order for Muslims; reje 3 cf:
raspisanie. n order rej salmak to put
in order; tabyrmak 1 v to order,
instruct Doktor zni komekisine
nmedir bir zatlar getirmegi tabyrdy. The
doctor instructed his assistant to go and
get some specific items.; tabyryk n
order; zakaz [za'kaz] cf: sargyt. n order
zakaz etmek to order zakaz almak to take
an order zakaz bouna by order
nden zakaz etmek to order
ordinary people garamaak 1 n the
ordinary people, common people
ore magdan [magda:n] n ore demir
magdany iron-ore, iron-stone magdan
ykan er ore deposit magdan gazyp
almak to mine (sem. domains: 1.2.2.2 Rock, Geol - Geological.)
organ agza 2 [agza:] n organ, member
Adamy eli onu bedenini bir agzasydyr.
A person's arm is a part of their body.;
organ [o:rgan] n organ gep organlary
speech organs dwlet organlary organs of
government jyns organlary genitals
organisation gurama2 n organisation;
guramaylyk adj organisation
guramaylyk ukyby talent for
organisation
organise etdirmek v to organise, get
someone to do something; geirmek 8 v
to organise, hold, take ygnak geirmek
to hold a meeting sapak geirmek to take
a lesson badan geirmek comp. biri-

216
birinden geirmek comp. bokurdakdan
geirmek comp. durmua geirmek
comp. geirn ilikler comp. gzden
geirmek comp. itden geirmek
organised guralmak v to be organised
organiser guramay n organiser
organism organizm cf: beden. n
organism adam organizmi human
organism Adam organizmi ayna gr
tgp durar. Human organism changes
according to the age.
orginality zbolulylyk [:zbolulylyk] n
originality, peculiarity milli medenieti
zbolulylygy peculiarity of national
culture zbolulylygy bilen
tapawutlanmak to have peculiarities
origin aslyet 1 n origin, beginnings
original zboluly [:zboluly] adj
original, distinctive; peculiar, special
zboluly eser distinctive work obrazy
zboluly aratynlygy peculiarity of the
image
originate ykmak 7 v to come (from),
originate (with, from) comp. aradan
ykan bolup ykmak comp. atdan
ykmak
orphan atsyz [a:tsyz] n orphan; etim
[eti:m] n orphan etime kmek etmek
sogapdyr. Helping to orphans is a good
work.
orphanage bbekhana [bbekha:na] n
orphanage for babies, foundling home
orphaned hossarsyz 1 [ho:ssa:rsyz] adj
without relatives, alone in the world;
orphaned hossarsyz aga orphan,
homeless child
other ary adj other side, opposite side,
over (there) derany ary zi other
side of the river ayrda otur to sit over
there comp. arya il gonmak ; ayr adj
other side, opposite side, over (there)
derany ary zi other side of the
river ayrda otur to sit over there
ayrdan from over there comp. ayrsybrsi ok ; beleki adj other, another,
next derany beleki tarapy the other
side of the river Kenary beleki
tarapynda owadan park bar. On the other
side of the bank there is a beautiful
park.; eleki Pronoun other, another
elemek tarapdan on the other hand;

217

dnden tmek
gary 1 adj other, another gary herli
adam a man from another city gary
urtly adam a foreigner; z2 5 post
other kni ol znde durmak to
stand on the other side of a street comp.
ayk zli comp. agyr zli comp.
ilime z urmak comp. z dndermek
comp. z saraltmak comp. z solgun
comp. z tutmak comp. z urmak
comp. z-gz comp. zbe-z comp.
zi tzelenmek comp. zne gara
srtmek comp. zni uwmak
other wife gni n (other) wife [the
relationship between two or more wives
who are married to the same husband]
{arch}
otherwise bolmasa conjunction otherwise,
or (else) Howluk, bolmasa etimersi!
Hurry up, otherwise you won't make it!;
ogsa cf: ogsam. conjunction
otherwise, or else Meni dienimi et,
ogsa hor bolarsy. Do what I told you or
else you will be poor. ogsa-da ;
ogsam cf: ogsa. conjunction
otherwise Akyllyja bol, ogsam ejee
adaryn. Be clever, otherwise I will tell
you to your mother.
outer daky 1 adj outer, outside, outward,
external daky tsir external effect
Adamy daky grni iki dnsine
layk gelip duranok. A person's outward
appearance conflicts with their
character. daky derweze outer gate
daky geim clothes for going out in,
outdoor clothes Daky guraw bouna
ijelik. Environmental activities.
edaralary we guramalary daky guraw
meseleleri the environmental issues of
institutions and organizations
outlook a-dnje (comp. of a)
outlook, horizon; dnje 2 n idea,
belief (related to faith) baga dnje
different outlook Durmu dnji
kesgitler. Life shapes your outlook.
outrun ozmak 1 v to outrun, outstrip,
outdistance, leave behind; overtake gaty
ozmak to have a long start (over)
outside da2 2 n the outside, the outer
part, exterior, external daky gapy
external door da gulakdan eitmek To
hear from outside; daary 1 adj
external, outside daary ykmak to go

outside; daaryk [daary:k] adv outside,

out r daaryk! Let's go outside!
outstrip rtmek v to pass ahead,
outstrip, take the lead (over), leave
behind ol menden rtdi he outsripped
me; he took the lead over me
oven duhowka [du'howka] cf: tamdyr. n
oven Biskwit elektro duhowkada gowy
bir. Biscuits bake well in an electric
oven. Towugy iine
sogan,kartoka,bolgar bury we alma salyp
duhowkada biirdim. In the oven I
cooked chicken stuffed with onion,
potato and pepper. [gas or electric oven
inside a house]; tamdyr cf: duhowka. n
oven tamdyr rek tandoori bread [clay
oven used for baking, especially crek
or nan]
overcome bs v overcome gazabya bs
gelmek not be able to control one's anger
overflow agmak 1 [a:gmak] v to overflow
Suw bentden agar. Water is overflowing
the dam.; damak [da:mak] cf: day. v
overflow, flood Sil suwundan deralar
daarlar. The rivers flood from
rainfall.; jomak 1 [jo:mak] v to
overflow
overflowing prepr adj overflowing,
full ksni prepr doldurmak to fill a
cup until overflowing
overhang abanmak 2 [a:banmak] v to
over-hang okarda gaa bize abanyp dur.
There is a cliff overhanging us.
overtake tmek 3 cf: tmek. v to
overtake, to pass comp. dnden
tmek
overturn agdarmak 5 [a:gdarmak] v to
overturn, overthrow hkimieti
agdarmak to overthrow the government;
ydarylmak v to turn around, overturn
Shele depgiden ol ydarylyp gitdi. From
slight kick, he turned over.
ovum umurtga 2 n egg, ovum umurtga
jgi ovule {biology}
owl bagu [ba:gu] n owl Meni, bagu
aly, gijelerine gzme uky gelenok. I'm
like an owl - I can't sleep at night.
Bagu guuny birinji gezek zoologia
muzeinde grdm. I first saw an owl in
a zoological museum.

janker

218

own jana-jan 2 [ja:na-ja:n] cf: janker.

(comp. of jan) own Ol meni jan aly
doganym. He is my own brother.; z 2
[:z] Pronoun own z eli bilen by one's
own hands z huday own god zi
oarmak to live by one's own labour u
gn znde et. Do it right now today.
hziri znde right now comp. z
ajalya lmek comp. z aagya palta
urmak comp. z gbegii z kesmek
comp. zni tutmak comp. zi ele
almak comp. zi oarmak comp.
zi tutmak

owner ee 1 n owner, master, lord,

possessor ee bolmak to take possession
(of) comp. ee bolmak ; hususyeti
[husu:syeti] n owner, proprietor;
eesi 2 n owner, landlord {house}
ownership ygtyarlylyk 2
[ygtya:rlylyk] n ownership Meni
ygtyarlylygymdaky zatlary ellem. Do
not touch my ownership.
ox kz n bull, ox
oxygen kislorod n oxygen kislorod bermek
to give oxygen kislorod assygy oxygen
bag

Pp

pace gerim 1 n pace (i.e. length of one's

steps) gi gerim bilen remek to walk
with long strides, stride along
pack gaplamak 1 [ga:plamak] v to pack,
pack something up, box, tin nmi
gutulara gaplamak pack up things into
boxes kitaplary gaplamak to pack books
up
package posylka [pa'sylka] n package,
parcel posylka ibermek to send/post a
parcel
pack-animal ki 2 n pack-animal ki
eek pack-donkey Gadym dwrde ki
eekler k daamaga ulanylypdyr. In old
times pack-donkeys were used for
carrying loads. {anml}
page gat 3 n page Men haty kitabym
gatynda godum. I slipped the letter
between the pages of the book.; sahypa
[sahy:pa] cf: warak1. n page kitaby
sahypasy page of a book sahypalary
nomerleme pagination; warak1 cf:
sahypa. n page, leaf Bu kitap z warak
eken. This book is hundred pages long.
paid tlegli cf: muzdly. paid, something
you pay for
pain agyry [a:gyry] n pain, ache; hupbat
n torture, torment, suffering, pain,
agony hupbat grkezmek to make

somebody suffer hupbat grmek to suffer,

torment oneself (about, over); yza 1
[yza:] n pain, ache
painful azaly [aza:ly] adj painful azaly
ara painful wound; yzaly [yza:ly] adj
painful, hurtful Operasiadan so onu
endam-jany yzaly. After operation his
whole body is painful.
paint boag n paint, dye Ak boag alyp
gapy rekledik. We bought some white
paint and painted the door. Sayma
hasy rek boagy gosam geliegini aal
dellegi bilen maslahatladym.; rek 1 n
paint, colour in rek almak to paint
pola rek almak to paint the floor Size
hasy rek gerek? Which colour do you
want? comp. bugda rek adam comp.
reki gamak comp. rekki agarmak
comp. rekki mek ; reklemek 1 v to
paint, colour (in)
pair goa n pair, couple; jbt 2 cf: jp.
n pair, couple Bu jbtler goa gumry
aly. These two are like two doves.
palace kk n palace patya kgi king's
palace Agabatda Bagt kgi ayldy. In
Ashgabat a Palace of Happiness
opened.; palata 1 n palace {arch}
Palestine palestin [pales'tin] Palestine
(sem. domains: 9.7.2.1 - Names of
countries.)

219

blek-blek
palm aa [a:a] n palm (of hand)
{anatomy}; eli aasy (comp. of el)
palm (of hand) Meni oldaym elini
aasynda saklaar. My husband holds
me in the palm of his hand. Magtymguly
Pyragyny el azmalary Saparmyrat
Trkmenbay ad.kitaphanada bar. The
manuscripts of Saint Magtymguly are
kept in the library named after
Saparmyrat Turkmenbashy. Eli aasy
gijese, rysgaly gteriljekdir./yrym/ If
your palm itches you will get money.;
gysym 1 n palm, cupped hand comp.
bir gysym bolmak comp. gysymynda
saklamak ; penje 3 n palm, hollow of a
hand, cupped hand penjelp almak to
take a fistful (of), to take a handful (of)
comp. penj dmek comp. penj
salmak ; apbat 1 [apba:t] n palm (of
hand); arpyk n palm (of hand)
palm reader paly cf: palman. n palmreader
panic aljyramak 2 v to panic Men
gapjygymy ogurladyp aljyradym. My
wallet was stolen and I panicked.;
dowla dmek ( dowul) v to fall into a
panic; dowul n panic, scare, fear dowul
dretmek to create a scare, cause a panic
dowla dmek ; howsala dmek
(comp. of dmek2) to panic, fret,
worry, be anxious/uneasy/worried
(about) aaryny tapman howsala
ddm. I was in panic because I
couldn't find the house keys.
pants jalbar 2 n pants, slacks {Amer}
paper kagyz 1 [ka:gyz] n paper, sheet of
paper el spriln kagyz napkin,
serviette Bu kitaby kagyzyny hili pes.
Bizi dkanymyzda iki drli hajathana
kagyzy bar. There are two different
toilet papers in our shop.
parable tymsal 2 [tymsa:l] n parable
parabolic parabolik adj parabolic
parabolik antena satellite dish
{mathematics}
parade ri 4 [ri:] n procession,
parade Her yl Garasyzlyk baramynda
bizde ri bolar. We have a parade
every year on the day of Independence.
paradise erem n paradise; Eden erem bagy
Garden of Eden

Paradise jennet 1 n Paradise, Heaven

Jennet eneleri aagyny aagynda.
Paradise is under the feet of mothers.
paragraph abzas [ab'zas] n paragraph Her
bir tze pikiri abzasdan balamaly. Every
new thoughts should start from
paragraph.
paralytic otura n paralytic otura bolmak
to be paralysed
parasite mugthor [mugtho:r] n parasite,
sponger, scrounger Mugthorlary hi kim
halamaar. Nobody likes spongers.
parcel dwnek 1 n package, parcel,
bundle bir dwnek a bundle of
wool Tze jaa genimizde ejem
golarymyzy dwnek-dwnek edip
dwpdir. When we moved to the new
house my mother tied up things in
different bundles. aga dwnegi
kadaly sr. The foetus is developing
normally.
pardon alkamak 1 v to pardon, spare
Eden agylyklary in Huda seni
alkasyn! For your done kindness, may
God bless you! comp. Tary alkasyn!
parent guda n parents-in-law
parenthood gudaylyk n parenthood
parents ene-ata n parents
park bag1 3 [ba:g] n park Joralarym bilen
seil baga ykdym. I went to the park
with my friends. heri merkezi
bagynda, dyn aly gni halk in adymsaz berilr. On Sunday music is
provided for the people at the central
park. comp. agalar bagy ; medana
[meda:na] n park, playground glli
medana a park laid out with flower
beds; park1 cf: seil bag, seilgh. n
park her parky city park parkda gezmek
to walk in the park; seilgh n park;
park, place for walking
parliament mejlis 2 [mejli:s] n
parliament
parrot toty [to:ty] n parrot
parsley petruka n parsley (sem.
domains: 1.5 - Plant.)
part blek [b:lek] n part, partly Torty
alty blege bldk. We cut the cake into
six pieces. comp. blek-blek ; blm 2
[b:lm] n part, section, slice, piece,

wiza

220
chapter, school, act Batyr instituty
gndizki blminde okaar. Batyr studies
in the institute's day school. Opera
birinji blminde anymdaky oturan adam
uklady. During the first act of the opera
my neighbour fell asleep.
participate gatnamak 1 v to participate
in, take part in arya gatnamak to take
part in a competition
particularly hususan [hususa:n] adv
especially, particularly, strictly hususan
adanda strictly speaking; ylata
[yla:ta] adv particularly, especially,
unusually ylata hem in particular,
especially Ylata hem, oba-hojalyk
pudagy sdrilmelidir. Especially,
agricultural branch must be developed.
partner hwr2 n partner, companion,
mate; rik 3 n partner; olda 2 n
(travelling) companion, fellow-traveller
Men oldaym bilen milli muzee
alandym. Me and my fellow-traveller
visited the national museum.
party kep ekmek (comp. of ekmek1,
kep) v to have fun, have a really good
time; to party, have fun, drink Olar iipiip, kep ekdiler. They ate and drank,
and had fun.; melis n party, banquet,
celebration, a 'do' melis guramak to
organise a party; mele 2 n party
mele guramak to arrange a party Biz
mele edris. We'll have a party.
owhunly mele joyful party
pass aar 3 n pass aar szi password;
agmak 3 [a:gmak] v to pass, go over
Onu ay elliden agdy. He is over fifty
years old.; ejaza [eja:za] cf: wiza. n
visa, pass, permit; geirmek 3 v to pass
eti geirmek to mince meat sapagy
ini gznden geirmek to thread a
needle Maa geir! Pass it to me! badan
geirmek comp. biri-birinden geirmek
comp. bokurdakdan geirmek comp.
durmua geirmek comp. geirn
ilikler comp. gzden geirmek comp.
itden geirmek ; geit n pass dag geidi
mountain pass; gemek 1 v to pass, go
past; to overtake geip barmak to
overtake comp. iine-dayna gemek
comp. iiden gemek ; tmek 2 cf:
tmek. v to pass, go by Ondan so bir
iki a tdi. After that two months

passed. {time} comp. dnden tmek ;

trmek v to pass (through) ini
gznden sapak trmek to thread a
needle maynlary kpriden trmek to
take cars across the bridge hi kimi bu
erden trme don't let anyone pass here
{colloq}; uzatmak 1 v to pass
something to someone; to pass to, to
hand to Mergen elindki kitaby Slgne
uzatdy. Mergen passed his book to
Sulgun. To tamadasy myhmana
mikrofony uzatdy. A wedding speaker
passed the microphone to the guest.
Stolu stndki negi uzada-da,
meni elim etenok. Pass me the teapot
on table, please, I can't reach it.
pass on ollamak 2 [o:llamak] v to pass
on Ol maa sowgat ollady. He passed
me a present.
pass on from mouth to mouth agyzdan
agza gemek (comp. of agyz) to pass
from mouth to mouth Bu habar agyzdan
agza gedi. This news arrived by word of
mouth.
pass stool symak v to pass a stool Ol
syypdyr! She's filled her nappy!
passage oa hemme ol ayk (comp. of
ol) all roads are open to him
passed geilmek 1 v to be passed, be
covered olu uly blegi geildi. The
main part of the way was passed.
Agabat bilen Moskwa aralygy samolot
bilen drt sagatda geilr. The distance
between Ashgabat and Moscow is four
hours by plane.
passenger olagy 1 [o:lagy] n
passenger olagy otly passenger train
olagy uar air-liner
passion howes 2 n passion, interest howes
bildirmek to show one's interest (in);
hyjuw 1 n passion, heat, ardour, zest
hyjuw bilen with a passion alyk hyjuwy
youthful ardour/enthusiasm
passionate hyjuwly adj passionate,
impassioned, ardent, fervent hyjuwly
sgi fervent/burning love
passionately rekli 1 adv passionately,
with passion, with zeal, zealously ie
rekli apymak to set up to work with
zeal

221

standart
passport pasport 1 ['pasport] n passport
pasport stoly passport office awtomobili
pasporty vehicle license pasport almak to
get a passport pasportlary barlamak to
check passports {person}
past and present ki-soky adj past and
present ki-sokyny atlamak to
remember the past and present ynha,
onu ki-soky edeni this is everything
he has done; this is the sum total of
what he has done
pasta makaron [maka'ron] n pasta,
macaroni, spaghetti Meni oglum
makaron halaar. My son likes pasta.
paste hamyrlamak [hamy:rlamak] v to
paste; pasta ['pasta] n paste di
arassalanan pasta tooth paste
patch urudyrmak 5 v to patch, to sew
together yrtylan jalbaryma ama
urudyrdym. I have patched my torn
trousers. Galan gykyndyk matalary
urudyryp, bir krpee tikdim. I have
sewn together scraps of the material and
made a small mattress. itilhana dayna
ana etmedik erine paket urudyrdyk.
Owing to the shortage of glass, we used
polythene sheet to cover some areas of
the greenhouse. Sowgadymy korobka
salyp, dayna owadan paket urudyryp
oardym. I have placed my gift in the
box and wrapped it in a beautiful plastic
bag.; ama n patch ama salmak to
patch {clothing}
patchwork gurama1 adj patchwork
gurama knek a patchwork shirt [made
out of several pieces of material]
path pel 1 n path around field (often
raised above irrigated land), boundary
path pel ekmek to set/fix boundaries;
oda [o:da] n path dag odasy
mountain path odadan remek to go
along the path
patience ydam n patience, endurance
ydam etmek to suffer, endure, bear; dz
n patience, endurance dz gelmek ;
dzm 1 n patience, restraint, firmness,
stability aga terbielemek in dzm
etmeli. To bring up a child you must be
patient.; kanagat 1 [kana:gat] n
patience, endurance kanagat etmek to
have patience Onu haal reine bizi
kanagatymyz etenok. We do not have

patience for his walking slowly.; karar1

[kara:r] n patience, perseverance, selfcontrol; inner peace karar etmek to have
patience mende karar galmady I'm not
going to put up with this any more!
karar tapmadym I couldn't find peace;
sabyr cf: sabyr-takat, takat. n
patience, endurance sabry gamak to
lose patience sabyr etmek to have
patience, show patience sabyr ks
dolmak to lose patience comp. Sabyr et!
; sabyr-takat [sabyr-ta:kat] cf: sabyr,
takat. adv patient endurance;
sabyrlylyk n patience, endurance
sabyrlylyk bilen patiently, with patience
patient ydamly 1 adj patient, being able
to bear something ydamly adam a
patient person sowuga ydamly smlik a
plant that can bear the cold; dzmli 2
adj patient, forbearing zden ejize
dzmli bolmaly. You must be patient
with a person weaker than yourself.
mesel dzmli daramak to patiently
solve the problem; kanagatly 1
[kana:gatly] adj patient, having
patience, self-possessed, satisfied
kanagatly bolmak to have patience;
sabyrly adj patient sabyrly bolmak to be
patient, have patience; syrkaw 2 n
patient
patriotism watanperwerlik n patriotism
ahyry watanperwerlik joguny bar. Poet
has patriotic inspiration.
patron penakr [pena:kr] n patron,
protector, sponsor penakr bolmak to be
a patron/protector
patronage pena 2 [pena:] n patronage,
protection kimdir birini penasynda
under somebody's patronage/protection
pena bermek to patronize, protect
pattern gl 2 n pattern, ornament, design
gl salmak to decorate with a pattern
comp. gl zli ; nagy n pattern,
design owadan nagy beautiful pattern
milli nagy national design; nusga 2 n
pattern dokumenti asyl nusgasy the
original manuscript of a document; li
1 cf: grn, forma, galyp, standart. n
pattern telpek tikmek in li the
pattern for to make a cap tikiljek geimi
lsini almak to take a pattern for
making cloth [(for) sewing]

penj dmek
patterned nagyly 1 adj patterned,
figured, decorated, ornamented nagyly
nek decorated tea-pot
pause dyngata alynmak ( alynmak) v
pause
paving anoda n paving, paved road,
road surface Trkmenabatda anoda
ekilr. A new road is built in
Turkmenabat.
paw penje 2 n paw, pad ay penjesi bear's
paw comp. penj dmek comp. penj
salmak
pawn pil2 3 n pawn pili gmek to move a
pawn {chess} comp. peeden pil
asamak comp. pili gulagynda
uklamak
pay hak 5 n pay, salary, wage gulluk haky
payment for services rendered i haky
earnings, wages, pay, salary hak talap
etmek to demand wage bir gnlk i haky
daily pay, daily wage Gowy ilese, gowy
hak alarsy. If you work hard, you will
be payed well. Meni hakymy ber. Give
me my pay. comp. hak-hesip comp. hakhukuk comp. hak-hukukly comp.
hakyny alyp bermek comp. hakyy
gidermek ; tlemek v to pay
payment hasaplayk [hasa:playk] n
payment, settling (with); wznos cf:
tleg. n payment, fee, due agzalyk
wznosy payment for participation
pea nohut n pea Nohut saglyk in pedaly.
Peas are good for your health.
peace asudalyk [a:su:dalyk] n peace,
calm, tranquillity asudalygy bozmak
breach of the peace; dynlyk [dy:nlyk]
n peace, calm, rest Oa dynlyk ok. He
has no peace. Adam dynlyk agdaynda
uka gidip bilr. A man can sleep when
he is at peace. Bar etmeli ilerimi edip
dyndym indi iden dynlyk. I finished all
my work, now I can rest. Halk dynlygy
sr. People like peace dynlykda
aamak to live in peace Hassa
dynlykda bolsa ol basym gutular. If a
sick person is at peace, he will get
better quicker.; karar1 [kara:r] n
patience, perseverance, self-control;
inner peace karar etmek to have
patience mende karar galmady I'm not
going to put up with this any more!
karar tapmadym I couldn't find peace;

222
ouk 1 n peace, concord, harmony
Bizi pulumyz az, ouk edip aamaly.
Our money is less, we must live
concordly. ; parahatylyk 1
[para:hatylyk] n peace (absence of
war) parahatylygy tarapdarlary
campaigner for peace; parahatlyk 1
[para:hatlyk] n peace (absence of war);
rahatlyk [ra:hatlyk] n peace, calmness
Oa rahatlyk gerek. He needs some
peace (and quiet). rahatlygy bozmak to
shatter someone's peace and quiet,
disturb somebody Gijni rahatlygy
balandy. The night's peace began.;
arayk 1 n peace
peace be upon him alehessalam peace
be upon him
peaceable parahatylyk 2
[para:hatylyk] n calm, peace
parahatylyk sjilik peaceable
disposition
peaceful arkayn adj peaceful, calm,
tranquil, quiet, serene arkayn bolmak
to not be worried arkayn dyn almak to
have peaceful rest; asuda [a:su:da] adj
peaceful, peaceable, quiet, calm asuda
durmu quiet life asuda uklamak
peaceful sleep, uninterrupted sleep;
parahat 1 [para:hat] adj peaceful
(absence of war) parahat sji urtlar
peaceful countries parahat aamak to
live in peace
peanut arahis [a'rahis] n peanut; er hoz
(comp. of er) peanut er hozy benie
pedaly. Peanut is good for brain.
pear armyt n pear
pearl dr n pearl comp. onu elinden dr
dklr ; merwerit [merweri:t] n pearl
Men sglime merwerit galy zk
sowgat etdim. I gave pearl ring to my
girlfriend as a present.
pearl button sadap 2 n pearl button
peculiarity aratynlyk [araty:nlyk] n
peculiarity, feature trkmen
medenietini aratynlyklary Turkmen
culture has its own special features. Ol
aratynlykda yky eder. He is doing it
alone.; tgeiklik 4 n uniqueness,
peculiarity matalary biri-birinden
tgeikligi the differences between
different kinds of materials sesleri

223

kpyllyk smlik
tgeikligi the distinctives of peoples'
voices
pedestrian pyada 1 [pya:da] n
pedestrian pyada oly footpath pyada
remek to walk
pee aak oluna ykmak (comp. of
aak) to spend a penny (go to the
toilet) aak bitmek to begin to learn to
walk
peel artmak 2 v to peel, take off excess
Gyda olu garyny artmaly. In winter,
snow must be cleared off the streets.;
gabyk 3 [ga:byk] n peel, rind apelsin
gabygy orange peel
peg gayrak n peg gayrakdan asmak
hang up on a peg
pen gabawhana 2 [ga:bawha:na] n pen
Gaan mallary getirip, gabawhana
saldylar. The animals that had run away
were brought back and put into the
pen.; ruka 1 ['ruka] cf: tutalga,
syagalam, tutawa. n pen ruka bilen
azmak to write with a pen {writing};
syagalam cf: tutalga, ruka,
tutawa. n pen, ink pen
pencil galam2 n pencil galam bilen surat
ekmek to draw a picture with a pencil
penknife akgy n penknife, pocket knife
penniless kr kpksiz (comp. of kr)
penniless, without a penny Ol restoranda
kp pul sowup, kr kpksiiz galdy. He
spent all his money at the restaurant
and was left penniless.
penny tee1 2 n one hundredth of a
manat; penny, cent
pension napaga n pension Hormatly
Prezidentimiz her yl garrylary napaga
hakyny galdyrar. Every year our
honourable President raises the pension
of old people.; pensia n pension
pensioner napagay n pensioner Bizi
urdumyzda napagaylara uly hormat
goular. We respect our retired people
in our country.
people halayk [hala:yk] n people, the
public, crowds; halk 1 n people,
citizens, populace, inhabitants
zhmetke halk working-class people kp
halk many people Ke halkdan doludy.
The street was full of people. parahat
halk a peaceful nation her halky city

people, townspeople oba halky country

people; il-halk (comp. of il) people
Bizi Prezidentimiz il-halk bhbitli ileri
edr. Our President does beneficial
works for the people.; jemagat
[jema:gat] n the people, the public;
community jemagaty nde in public
jemagat ony sylaar. The public respects
him.; ulus-il 1 n the people, nation,
compatriot Mergeni ogly okary okuwa
girende, ulus-ili agyryp, to etdi. When
Mergen's son entered the institute, he
gathered all the people and had a party.
pepper bolgar bur (comp. of bur1)
bell/sweet pepper Bolgar bur nahary
rn tagamly edr. Sweet peppers make
a dish really tasty. Dmewln wagty
nowaly unay gyzyl burlap ise
dmegden ayla.; bur1 n pepper
comp. bolgar bur comp. gara bur
comp. gyzyl bur ; gara bur (comp. of
bur1, gara) black pepper
percent gterim 1 n percent, rate gterim
gatnaygy percentage increase plany z
prosent erine etirmek to fulfil the plan
one hundred percent
perceptive dugur adj perceptive,
sensitive dugur bolmak to be perceptive
dugur it keen-nosed dog
perennial kpyllyk adj perennial, longliving dub kpyllyk agadyr An oak is a
perennial tree (sem. domains: 1.5 Plant.) comp. kpyllyk smlik ;
kpyllyk smlik (comp. of
kpyllyk) adj perennial kpyllyk ysly
ayl-sary glli ot nahar biirmekde
ulanylar A perennial herb with
greenish-yellow flowers is used in
cookery
perfect kmilledirmek
[kmi:lledirmek] v to perfect, make
perfect, to improve Bizi Prezidentimiz
bilim ulgamyny kmilledirmek in alada
edr. Our President takes care of the
education system to make it perfect.
perfect oneself kmillemek adj to
perfect oneself (in), perfect one's... ,
mature, improve zmekde kmillemek
to perfect one's swimming
perfume atyr n perfume

atam dwri
period dwr 1 n time, period, age, era
gadym dwrlerde in ancient times Uru
dwri alyk bolupdyr. During the war
famine was reported. kommunizm dwri
the communist era Da dwri adamlar iki
day biri-birine skp ot ykarardylar.
In the stone age people got fire by
hitting flint rocks together. ki
dwrde maynlar bolman adamlar die
atlar ulanardylar. In previous times
there were no cars and people only used
horses. comp. atam dwri ; mahal 1 n
period, time gijni bir mahaly late at
night hi mahal never k mahal
sometimes suwsan mahaly when you
feel thirsty; mhlet n period, time, term
bir alyk mhlet period of one month
gysga mhlet iinde in the shortest
possible time mhlet doldy time's up
harby gulluk mhleti call-up period onu
mhleti gutardy his time is up, his time
has expired wizany mhletini uzaltmak
to extend a visa mhlet gemek to expire,
pass it's sell-by date mhlet beri! give us
time!
perish helk bolmak (comp. of helk) v
to perish, die
perish, die helk v - comp. helk bolmak
comp. helk etmek
permament ymykly2 2 adj permament
Onu ymykly aaan eri barmyka? Has
he got a permanent residence?
permanent ebedi 2 [ebedi:] permanent
ebedi adygrlik eternal monument,
permanent memorial
permanently hemielik [hemi:elik] adv
for good, premanently hemielik aaan
eri permanent place of residence
permission jogap 2 [joga:p] n permission,
consent jogap bermek to give one's
consent/permission, permit, be
responsible (for) jogap soramak to ask
for a permission; rugsat n permission
comp. rugsat almak comp. rugsat
bermek comp. rugsat etmek ; ygtyar 2
[ygtya:r] n permission ygtyar bermek
to give permission, authorize ygtyar
almak to get permission Onu ygtyary
ok. She isn't authorized. Sizi
ygtyaryyz bilen With your permission,
by your leave Sizi ygtyaryyz bouna

224
biz bu ii bitirdik. We did this job with
your permission. {giving the right to}
permission slip kepilnama n permission
slip, certificate, permit, guarantee Ie
girjek bolsa, aaan eriden kepilnama
almaly. If you want a job you need to
get a residence permit for the place
where you live. [This is the old Soviet
'propiska' system - if you want to move
to a prestigious place such as Ashgabat
you need a residence permit (propiska
in Russian) to do so. These used to be
obtained by buying a flat in the city but
that loophole has since been closed, so
it is now very hard to move around.]
permit ol bermek (comp. of ol) to
permit, allow, give opportunity Men
mua ol berip bilmerin. I can't allow it
to him.
persecute yzarlamak 2 [y:zarlamak] v to
pursue, persecute, be after Ildeleri
Musany we Hudaa uanlary gazaplylyk
bilen yzarlap balanmylar. The
countrymen reportedly began furiously
persecuting Moses and those who
believed in God.
persecution azar 1 [aza:r] n persecution
azar bermek to bother, persecute comp.
Onu azaryna-da dl.
perseverance tutanerlilik perseverance
Persian pars 1 n an Iranian; pars 2 n
Persian, Farsi pars dili Farsi; a Persian
language
persimmon hurma 1 n persimmon (sem.
domains: 1.5.5 - Parts of a plant.) comp.
hurma agay comp. hurma palmasy
persistence erjellik n persistence,
insistence, persistently erjellik bilen
persistently erjellik etmek to persist
persistent erjel adj persistent, insistent
erjel adam persistent person erjel gyz
persistent girl ie erjel apymak to do
work persistently; tutanerli adj
persistent
person jan 2 [ja:n] n person, soul, human
being, head jan bayna per head, per
capita comp. jan etmek comp. jana-jan
comp. janyy akmak ; kes n person her
kes everyone hi kes nobody hi kes bu
barada bilmez nobody will know about
it; ynsan 1 [ynsa:n] n person, human

225

agzyy ygmak
er zndki hli ynsanlar Huday
agalarydyr. People all around the world
are children of God. {species, singular}
person on duty nobaty 1 [no:baty] n
person on duty Kim nobaty? Who is on
duty?
personal hususy 1 [husu:sy] adj personal,
own, individual hususy eeilik private
property hususy private house hususy
mayn own car; ahsy [ahsy:] adj
personal, individual; private ahsy sorag
personal question
personally hut 2 adv personally, in
person hut zi himself/herself hut zm
eitdim. I heard it personally. Bu hut
meni gzlen kitabym. hut zi hut zm
grdm. Men hut, agny balyk aynda
doglupdyryn.
perspective jhet ( fr. var. jht) n point of
view, perspective, position, aspect Bu
jhetden bizi Prezidentimiz wlmge
mynasypdyr. From this perspective, our
President deserves praise.; jht (fr. var.
of jhet) n point of view, perspective,
position; nazar 2 cf: nukdanazar. n
perspective, view nukda nazar point of
view, conception nukda nazardan
according to nazarda tutmak to take into
consideration comp. nazar dikmek
comp. nazar kaklymak comp. nazara
almak
persuade gwnetmek v to persuade,
induce, make someone agree, take one's
consent Maa ony gwnetmek kyn boldy.
It was difficult for me to persuade her.;
ynandyrmak cf: ynanmak. v to
persuade, convince, make someone
believe Men ony ynandyryp bilmedim. I
couldn't persuade him.; yrmak v to
persuade, to incline, to win over,
convince Men ejemi owadan knek
almaga yrdym. I persuaded my mother
to buy for me a beautiful dress.
pervert omak v to pervert Bu okuwy
mugallymyny her szni oup otyr. This
pupil perverts every word of a teacher.
petrify saalmak v to petrify, become like
stone saalyp durmak to stand stock-still
petrol benzin 1 [ben'zi:n] cf: angy. n
petrol Mayny bakyny benzinden
dolduryp, ene ola ddk. We filled up

the petrol tank, and carried on with our

journey. {Brit}
petty uak 4 adj petty, insignificant
Hojalygy uak ileri: ierleri, agala
onjaklaryny ygnaanam, tk
edanm bir salkynymy aldy. The
household chores took half my day: to
clean the rooms, tidy up the children's'
toys and to iron. comp. uak-dek
phaeton patun [patu:n] n phaeton
pharmacy dermanhana [derma:nha:na] n
chemists, pharmacy, drug store
PhD doktor 1 ['doktor] n doctor of
philosophy, someone who has a PhD
ylymlary doktory PhD, 'Doctor'
pheasant slgn n pheasant
phenomenon ahwalat 1 [ahwa:lat] n
phenomenon Uan tarelkalar dndirip
bolmajak ahwalat. Flying saucers are an
inexplicable phenomenon.; hadysa 2
[ha:dy:sa] n phenomenon, occurrence
tebigy hadysalar natural phenomenon
photographic plate plastinka 3 n
photographic plate {photography}
phrase agza 3 [agza:] n phrase, clause,
constituent members Szlemi esasy
agzasy nme? What are the main
constituent members of this sentence?
{grammar}; jmle n phrase, sentence,
expression Ata Watanym dien jmle
hemmeler in mhirli. The phrase of My
Motherland is kind to everybody. comp.
jmle-jahan
physical fiziki adj physical fiziki zhmet
physical work fiziki g physical
strength fiziki gowaklyk physical
weakness comp. fiziki tadan
physically fiziki tadan 1 [fiziki 'tadan]
(comp. of fiziki, ta) adj physically;
fiziki tadan 2 [fiziki 'tadan] (comp.
of fiziki, ta) adj physically speaking
physically handicapped asyk n
physically handicapped
piano pianino n piano pianino almak to
play the piano
pick olmak 2 v to pick, pluck gl olmak
to pick flowers olup ayrmak to pull
out, pluck comp. sa olmak ; ygmak
2 v to pick {fruit, cotton} comp. agzyy

belgi

226
ygmak ; ygnamak 5 v to pick up
keden ygnamak to pick up in the
street
picker ygymy 2 n picker pagta
ygymylary cotton-pickers {fruit,
cotton}
picture surat [sura:t] n picture, photo,
image surata dmek to have one's photo
taken surat almak to take a photo surat
alan camera
picturesqueness owadanlyk 3 n
picturesqueness tebigaty owadanlygy
picturesqueness of a nature
pie pirog n pie, tart almaly pirog apple
pie/turnover
piebald alabeder 1 [a:labeder] adj
piebald, patchy, spotted alabeder gjk
spotted dog
piece dilem [di:lem] n piece, bite bir
dilem rek a piece of bread Bir dilem
rek ere gaypdyr. One piece of bread
fell to the ground.; dwm n hunk,
piece bir dwm nan piece of bread. Kim
gyzgyn rekden bir dwm iip gren
bolsa hi wagt ol tagam adyndan
ykmaar. If you eat a piece of hot
bread, you will never forget its taste.
Drgemez aly yrym edip, bauja bir
dwm rek goarlar. One superstition
was in order to prevent nightmares they
put a piece of bread under the head. ;
nomer 5 ['nomer] cf: belgi, legli,
san, sany. n piece, number Konserti
baky nomerinde N. Halmmmedowy
1-nji simfoniasy alyndy. The first piece
in the concert played was N.
Halmamedow's first symphony. {music};
para3 [pa:ra] n piece, part (of) comp.
ay parasy aly gyz ; para2 1 n piece
kagyz parasy piece of paper
pier daan 2 n pier
pierce mmek 1 v to go into, pierce, be
stuck into, be driven into Barmagyma
tiken mdi. I got a splinter in my finger.
Mayny tigrine mdi.; geirmek 13
v to prick, run through, pierce naza
geirmek to run someone through with a
spear badan geirmek comp. biribirinden geirmek comp. bokurdakdan
geirmek comp. durmua geirmek
comp. geirn ilikler comp. gzden

geirmek comp. itden geirmek ;

sokmak 1 v to pierce, insert, thrust in
pig douz n pig, swine, hog douz eti
pork, bacon, ham douz aly like a pig
Kasym douz aly semirpdir. Kasym was
as fat as a pig. H, sen, douz! You,
pig! Jigim douz ylynda dogulan. My
little brother was born in the year of the
pig. Douz etini musulmanlar imerler.
Muslims do not eat pork. Kprden
gen doza day di. (nakyl) Until
you cross the bridge call the pig 'uncle'.
(Proverb)
pigeon ggerin [g:gerin] n wild
pigeon, wild dove
Pilaf palaw n Pilaf
pilau palow n pilau, pilaff, pilaw palow
biirmek to cook pilau; twi 2 n pilau,
pilaff, pilaw {dial}
pile topbak 1 n pile, heap, mass ajy
buru bir topbagysy neden? how much
does one pile of chillies cost?; mek1
1 n pile, heap da megi pile of stones;
rmek 2 v to pile, to heap up Ol
tarelkalary stolu stne rdi. She
piled the plates on the table. odun
rmek; ygnamak 4 v to pile, heap,
stack odunlary bir ere ygnamak to pile
up the firewoods
pile up mnderlemek v to pile up, heap
up Ol hemme gouny bir ere mnderledi.
He piled up all his baggage into one
place.
pilgrim zyaraty n pilgrim Zyaratylar
garyndalaryna giden erlerinden
sowgatlar getiripdirler. Pilgrims brought
gifts to their relatives where they went.
pilgrimage zyarat [zya:rat] n
pilgrimage zyarat etmek to be on a
pilgrimage zyarata barmak to go on a
pilgrimage Hormatly Prezidentimiz Mekge
Medin zyarata bardy. Our dear
President went on a pilgrimage to
Mekge Medine. {religious}
pill derman tabletkasy cf: tabletka. n
pills, tablets (medicine); tabletka
[tab'letka] cf: derman tabletkasy. n
pill
pillar stn cf: kolonka. n pillar, column
pillow assyk 1 n pillow elek assyk
downy pillow assyk day pillow case

227

erine etirmek
{sleeping} comp. lm assygymda
atmak
pilot uarman n pilot Meni oglumy
uarman bolasy gelr. My son wants to
be a pilot.
pin temene n pin
pinch atym n a pinch bir atym duz a pinch
of salt ok atym aralyk a very close place;
mmk n pinch, nip bir mmk duz a
pinch of salt; gysmak 3 v to pinch, hurt,
be too tight Kw aagymy gysar. (My)
shoes are too tight. comp. ii gysmak
comp. rek gysmak
pineapple ananas [ana'nas] n pineapple
pioneer bay n pioneer, entrepreneur
pipe torba 1 [to:rba] n pipe; turba 1 n
pipe
pir pir 1 [pi:r] n pir Aman noy oa
musulmanlary pire, iana ynanyy aly
ynanypdy. The ishan trusted the Muslim
pirs' healthy appetites as much as his
own faith. [high ranking muslim
teacher]
pishme pime n pishme pime biirmek to
cook pishme [deep-fried dough, rather
like a doughnut, eaten on special
occasions]
pistachio pisse n pistachio nut pisse agajy
pistachio tree comp. pisse dahan
pistol sapana n pistol, revolver
pit ukur n pit, hole, hollow, pot-hole
ukur er a place with pot-holes u
ukur a deep pot-hole comp. bir ukura
trkrmek ; o1 2 [o:] n pit, hole,
hollow o gazmak to dig a hole
pitcher kze 2 n pitcher {Amer}
pitchfork abak [a:bak] n pitchfork
Babam maa oba baranymda iki sany
abak satyn aldy. My grandfather bought
me two pitchforks when I visited to the
village.
pitiful naynjar 1 [na:ynja:r] adj pitiful;
pitiable, poor, wretched naynjar grn
pitiful/sorry sight naynjar szler pitiful
words
pitilessness rehimsizlik n pitilessness,
mercilessness, ruthlessness rehimsizlik
bilen with mercy, mercifully rehimsizlik
etmek to express one's cruelty comp.
rehimsizlik etmek

pity hap interj pity, shame, unfortunate

Hap, sen dn gelmedi. It is a pity you
didn't come yesterday. comp. hapy
gelmek
place basmak 7 v to place, put Polis ony
tutup, gabawhana basdy. The police
caught him, and placed him in a cell.
say. Ody ze bas, tmese kesek
comp. zne basmak ; ja1 2 [ja:] n
place, location {colloq} comp. okuw
jay ; jelega n land, area, place,
locality Sen bu jelegada nme ilersi?
What are you doing here?; nokat 3 n
place, destination, point soky nokat last
place kesime nokady point of
intersection ganama nokady boiling
point swda nokady a place to do
shopping doma nokady freezing point
comp. nokatma-nokat comp. Onu
gahary soky nokada etdi. ; orun 1 n
place bo orun vacant place birinji orny
almak to take/win first place atylan
orun bunk Maldarylyk oba hojalygynda
grnkli orun tutar. Cattle-breeding is of
great importance in agriculture. {train}
comp. ornuna ; salmak 2 cf:
salynmak2. v to put (in, into), place
halta salmak to put into a bag comp.
abradan ayrmak comp. aldawa
salmak comp. bilmezlige salmak comp.
di salmak comp. duzaga salmak comp.
sala salmak comp. tertibe salmak comp.
yzyna it salmak comp. ola salmak ;
sary2 [sa:ry] post place r bizi sary
come to our place; er 2 n place bu
erde here ol erde there bo er free
place/seat comp. er almasy comp. er
hoz comp. er tudana comp. erine
comp. erine etirmek ; erledirmek 2
v to place, put something in its place
sandyga erledirmek to put in a chest;
erledirmek 3 v to get someone into a
job, get someone into university {in a
job, studies}
place of honour tr [t:r] n place of
honour Tre gei! Please move to the
place of honour! [usually the furthest
corner of the room, away from the
door.; the most important guests sit in
the tr]
place of worship ybadathana 1
[yba:datha:na] n place of worship
Trkmenistanda ybadathana dilip

plan

228
hristianlary okunan erine dnilr.
When they say church, they understood
it is the place where christines worship
in Turkmenistan.
placenta olda 4 n placenta Eger aaly
olday bozulsa, aga kemisli dogular. If
woman's placenta is broken, child is
born defective. (sem. domains: 2.1 Body.)
plague garahassa n plague, black death
plague, pestilence, an illness that
causes mass death mergi n plague,
pestilence, an illness that causes mass
death mergi wibriony cholera bacillus
{medical}
plaintiff dawagr 1 [da:wa:gr] n
plaintiff, petitioner dawagr bolmak to
be a plaintiff dawagr tarap plaintiff's
side/position
plait gulpak n plait, tress, braid gulpak
gomak to plait, to put plaits in; rm 1
[:rm] n plait, braid say rmi plait
of hair drt rm sa four plait hair
plan meilnama cf: plan. n plan Olar
2015-nji yly okuw meilnamasyny
dzdler. They made a plan of teaching
staff for 2015. ; meilnamaladyrmak
cf: planladyrmak. v to plan Olar
sergini meilnamaladyrdylar. They
planned an exibition.; plan cf:
meilnama. n plan, scheme b yllyk
plan five-year plan sapagy plany lesson
plan okuw plany curriculum plan blmi
planning department plan dzji planner
kp yllyk plan a long-term plan plan
bouna according to plan plany dolmak
to fulfil the plan plany wagtyndan
dolmak to complete the plan ahead of
time/schedule plany artygy bilen dolmak
to overfulfil the plan plan dzmek to
plan, make plans, draw up a plan;
planladyrmak cf:
meilnamaladyrmak. v to plan, make
plans, draw up a plan ii planladyrmak
to plan the work senagaty planladyrmak
to plan industrial development;
programma 4 cf: maksatnama,
proekt. n plan, agenda, policy
reformalar programmasyny goldamak to
support plans for reform
plan to do maksat edinmek (comp. of
edinmek, maksat) v to plan to do

something, have a goal, make it your

goal Meni gyzym mekdebi gutaryp,
Lukmanylyk uniwersitetine okuwa girmegi
maksat edinr. My daughter has a goal
to enter to Medical university after she
finishes school.
plane trpi n plane; onmak 1 [o:nmak]
v to plane, smooth something with a
plane; cut out, hew agay onmak to
plane wood
planet planeta [pla'neta] cf: yklym. n
planet planeta sistemasy solar system uly
planetalar major planets kii planetalar
minor planets (sem. domains: 1.1 Sky.); yklym cf: planeta. planet Btin
yklymda saa ta ok. In this whole
planet, there is no one like you. (sem.
domains: 1.1 - Sky.)
planned planly cf: meilnamaly. adj
planned, systematic planly okulwlar
planned lessons planly i planned work
planly s development on planned
lines planly ilemek to work according to
plan
plant dikmek 2 v to plant (a tree) gz
dikmek to fix/plant eyes on someone, or
to envy; oturtmak 2 v to plant;
smlik n plant, vegetation bir yllyk
smlik an annual kp yllyk a perennial
iki yllyk smlik a biennial dneli
smlikler cereal crops, grains ot-im
smlikleri forage crops smlik dnsi
flora and fauna Trkmenistany smlik
dnsi the flora and fauna of
Turkmenistan
plant-grower smliki n plant-grower
plaster gips n plaster gips daysy plaster
cast
plastic plastik adj plastic plastik sumka
plastic bag plastik jisimler plastics comp.
plastik operasia
plastic surgery plastik operasia (comp.
of plastik) plastic surgery
plate plastinka 1 n plate plastinka grnli
laminate; tabak 1 [ta:bak] n plate;
tarelka [ta'relka] n plate
platform platforma [plat'forma] n
platform; sypa n platform [a baked mud
platform used for sitting on while
drinking tea, especially in Sarakhs];
tapan [tapa:n] n platform [for tea

229

dbi
drinking and sleeping when the weather
is hot]
play almak 4 v to play (an instrument)
dutar almak to play the dutar comp.
arkasyny almak ; onamak 1 cf:
onamak. v to play agalar bagda
onaarlar. The children are playing in
the garden. kt onamak to play chess
kart onamak to play cards futbol
onamak to play football roluny
onamak to play a part Ol
Magtymgulyny syasy we ruhy
durmuynda mhm rol onapdyr. It
played an important role in
Magtymguly's political and spiritual
life.; oun 2 n joke, trick Ol oun edip
atdy. He told it for fun. oun etmek to
joke, tease ounlyga salmak to joke,
make fun (of) oun gtermek to take a
joke comp. bayna oun getirmek
play trick onamak 2 cf: onamak. v to
play a trick (on), play a practical joke
(on)
play tune bir he gayrmak (comp. of
gayrmak) to play a tune
player ouny 1 n player Ol gowy ouny.
He is a good player.
plead dat; perat cf: dady-perat. to
plead; albarmak cf: albartmak. v to
beg, plead albaryp soramak to entreat;
albartmak cf: albarmak. v plead Ol
albartmany gowy grr. He likes when
someone pleads him.
pleasant mazaly 4 [maza:ly] adv It is
good; It is nice; It is pleasant Mazaly siz
gelip etidiiz. It is good that you
managed to come.; mylaym 1
[myla:ym] adj warm, pleasant
mylaym howa warm weather mylaym
ses pleasant voice mylaym owaz kind
melody; akymly 1 adj pleasant, nice
akymly owaz pleasant voice Ertiri
akymly wsn emalyna btin jandar
atlanyp seslenrdi. The whole of
creation made a joyful noise at the
pleasant breeze of the approaching day.
ahem Tokada akymly gulary sesi
edilrdi. There were heard pleasant
voice of birds in the forest.; aramly 3
adj pleasant aramly howa pleasant
weather

pleasantly ay-eret n pleasant,

pleasantly; happily; akymly 2 adv
pleasantly Dutary owazy rn akymly
alanar - ne dilesemem doamok.
The sound of dutar was coming
pleasantly - I do not satisfy as much as I
listened.
please aranmak 1 v to please Oa
aranmak kyn. It is difficult to please
him.
pleasurable lezzetli 2 adj pleasurable
lezzetli grr pleasant conversation
pleasure hezil 1 n pleasure, enjoyment,
delight hezil etmek to take pleasure (in),
enjoy, delight (in); hezillik n gaiety;
cheerfulness, pleasure, enjoyment, fun;
hzir [hzi:r] n pleasure, delight,
enjoyment durmuy hzirini grmek to
enjoy life; kep 2 n delight, pleasure,
enjoyment kep bermek to give pleasure
kep etmek to take pleasure, to enjoy
kepden ykmak to enjoy comp. kep
ekmek comp. kepi kellde ; lezzet
n pleasure; enjoyment, delight lezzet
almak to take pleasure; to enjoy lezzet
bermek to give pleasure; maza 1
[maza:] n pleasure, enjoyment maza
almak to take pleasure, enjoy maza
bermek to give pleasure; rhnet n
pleasure, enjoyment rhnet grmek to
enjoy, take pleasure ekse zhmet agar rhnet. If you work hard, you will
reap the rewards of your labour.
pledge borlanmak [bo:rlanmak] v to
pledge oneself, be under an obligation
(to), commit
Pleiades lker n The Pleiades, Severn
Sisters lker yldyzlar toplumy The
Pleiades star complex (sem. domains:
1.1 - Sky.)
pliant dgr 2 cf: dbi. pliant, pliable
pliers atagzy n pliers
plot dildwk n plot, conspiracy
dildwk guramak to hatch a plot, plot,
conspire Wezirler patyany ldrmek
barada dildwik guradylar. The vizirs
hatched a plot to assassinate the king.
Organ igrleri prezidente gary
taarlanylan dildwigi stini ady. The
police uncovered a conspiracy against
the president. Dildwik geirmek in
meilnama dzdler. They have hatched

tutan guuny tmek

a plan for the conspiracy.; mazmun 1
[mazmu:n] n plot, subject matter, theme
romany mazmuny plot of a novel
zamany mazmuny theme of a epock;
mellek n plot, plot of land mellek eri
plot of land mellek edinmek to get a plot
of land mellek eesi owner of a plot of
land; pel 2 n plot of arable land
plough agdarmak 2 [a:gdarmak] v to
plough, turn er adgarmak to plough the
ground; azal n plough; knde n plough
aga knde wooden plough
pluck tmek 1 v to pluck towuk tmek to
pluck a hen gonu kellesini we
aaklaryny tmek to pluck sheep's head
and legs comp. tutan guuny tmek
plucked tk1 adj plucked tk towuk
(perleri gaan) plucked hen
plug in sokmak 2 v (re. appliance) plug
in
plum garaly [gara:ly] n plum garaly
gllpdir. plum blossoms garaly
mrepbesi the jem of plum
plumb bolamak v to plumb the depth of
some water and find it deeper
plume grass hya n plume grass (sem.
domains: 1.5 - Plant.)
plump iik [i:ik] adj plump, fat,
chubby, stout ; pot-bellied
plunge mmek 2 v to sink, plunge, be
immersed, dip suwa mmek to sink in
the water
PLUR -lar PLUR/ -s(plural form) kitaplar
books gller flowers
plural kplk san (comp. of kplk) n
plural sanlar iki topara blnr: birlik we
kplk numerals are divided into two
parts: singular and plural
plus mayl2 2 adj plus on gradus mayl
plus ten degrees
pock mama1 2 [ma:ma] n pock, pockmarks zi mamaly pock-marked face
pocket uwal 1 n bag, pocket [hangs in a
Yurt]; jbi n pocket jb salmak to put
something in one's pocket Jbimde it
uwlaar. I'm broke. comp. Jbimde it
uwlaar. ; kise 1 [ki:se] n pocket gapdal
kisesi side pocket yzky kise hip pocket
kise szlgi pocket dictionary kise sagady
pocket watch

230
pocket-money harjylyk n pocket-money
poem gogy n poem gogy gomak to write
a poem; ygyr n poem {lit}
poet ahyr [a:hy:r] n poet
poetic ahyrana [a:hy:ra:na] adv poetic
point bal2 3 [ba:l] n point (in some
scores) ahmat aryynda Lebap welaaty
Mary welaatyndan 3-2 bal bilen utuldy.
In the chess competition the Lebap
region lost to the Mary region 3-2.;
grkezmek 2 v to point (at, to); many
2 [ma:ny:] n purport, point, use, sense
Biderek gitmegi manysy ok. There is no
point in going there. comp. many
ykarmak ; nokat 2 n point ganama
nokady boiling point ereme nokady
melting point doma nokady freezing
point {physics} comp. nokatma-nokat
comp. Onu gahary soky nokada etdi.
; punkt n point, station, post ahyrky
punkt terminal, terminus ilatly punkt
settlement, populated area daan
punkty strong point gzegilik punkty
observation post gepleik punkty public
(telephone) call-boxes, trunk-call office
punktlar bouna okamak to read
paragraph by paragraph; syh 1 n point;
u 2 [u:] n point, edge, point, tip, top
of one's head; bottom of one's feet Meni
saymy ujy gyrylanso gyrkdym.
Because of my hair's end scrapped, I cut
it. Skoty ujyny asat tapar aly eplp
goaryn. I will fold the edge of sctch to
find it easily. Knegimi gasamda i
ujy barmagyma mdi. When I shorten
my dress, the tip of the niddle stinged
into my finger. Serdar galama u
ykarmak in artyp balady. Serdan
began to sharpen the pencil. Daan
bilen Guwan hersi p ujyny agaja
dayp hiildik asadylar. Dayanch and
Guwanch made a swing by tieing the
end of the rope to the tree. Atam
etmii ujyndan gdip ugrady, ne
onda-da sport bilen trgenlerdi. My
grandfather stepped into his seventieth,
even though he trains with sport.
Balerinalar barmaklaryny ujynda tans
edrler. Balerinas dance on the tip of
their feet. Balerinalar barmaklaryny
ujunda tans edrler. Balerinas dance on
the tip of their feet. Aak ujua organ
godum, apynsa. If you want to cover,

231

polis
I put a blanket at the bottom of your
feet. If you want to cover, I put blanket
at the bottom of your feet. comp.
kelebi ujuny itirmek (bulamak)
comp. eri ary ujy
pointed iti 1 adj sharp, pointed iti pyak
sharp knife comp. iti zehinli comp.
iti-iti
pointed instrument i2 1 [i:] n pointed
(instrument), tool with a sharp point i
taak a pointed stick
pointer dil2 3 n hand (of a clock), pointer,
needle sagady dili the hand of a clock
Sagady kii dili sagady,uly dili hem
munudy grkezr. The little hand of the
clock points to the hour, the big hand
points to the minute. sagady dili the
hands of a clock leji gurallary dili
the needle of measuring instruments
Kremili uly jalary dillerine p dayp,
ja kakarlar. The huge Kremlin clock
hands and chimes are driven by ropes.
comp. dil amak comp. dil
aratynlyklary comp. dil birikdirmek
comp. dil bitmek comp. dil olamak
comp. dil haty comp. dil wrenmek
comp. dil wrlmezlik comp. dil
tutulmak comp. dil ujundan comp. dil
armak comp. dil etirmek comp. dil
ygnamak comp. dilden-agyzdan gal
comp. dilden-dile comp. dile ba comp.
dile dgr comp. dile garyp comp. dileagza dmek comp. dili agyr comp. dili
barmazlyk comp. dili gysgalyk comp.
dili sji comp. dili uwutmak comp.
dilim alananok comp. diliden
sypdyrmak
pointless ugursyz 1 adj lacking in
direction, pointless, ill-mannered ary
doganlary onu ugursyz oglandygyna, kp
arak indigine namys ederdiler. Chary's
brothers were feeling ashamed because
of his ill-mannered demeanour and
alcohol addiction. Gyz aga kiiliginden
ogurlyk etse, sounda ugursyz aal bolup
etir. Bizi ki alan sygrymyz
ugursyzdy, ssrdi. Our last cow was illmannered and butted [people]. irini
tze alan matasy ugursyz eken, ondan
tikinen knegi tikininden szldi.
Maralda ugursyz gylyk-hsiet kndi,
ola birisem gabanjalykdy. Maral's

character had many bad features and

one of them was envy.
pointlessly ugursyz 2 adv pointlessly,
harshly Krhana olbaysy z
igrlerine gaharlanyp, ugursyz gepledi.
The director of the company was angry
with his workers and talked to them
harshly. Batyr ugursyz grnligi sebpli
tagtadaky azylan zatlary okap bilenokdy.
Because of his weak sight, Batyr
couldn't read what was written on the
blackboard. Leli arawsyzlygy sebpli
ugursyz okaardy, ikilik baha alardy.
Because of her illness Leyli studied
badly and was getting poor marks.
Awylary awy u gn ugursyz boldy,
sebbi erbet emal psgel berdi.
poison awulamak [a:wulamak] v to
poison mr-mjegi awulamak to poison
insects; awy 1 [a:wy] n poison, toxin,
toxic substance Alakany awy bilen
ldrmeli. The rats must be killed with
poison.; zher 1 n poison zher bermek
to poison comp. zher aly ;
zherlemek v to poison guulary
zherlemek to poison the wells ayny
zherlemek to poison one's mind
poisonous awuly [a:wuly] adj poisonous,
toxic, venomous awuly madda poisonous
substance awuly dil venomous/biting
tongue awuly sowuk biting cold
pole haja n pole, cane
police DAI n police {abbr}; milisia
[mi'lisia] cf: polisia, polis. n police,
militia milisia blmi police
department; police station; polis ['polis]
cf: polisia, milisia. n police; polisia
cf: milisia, polis. n police
policy syasat [sya:sat] n policy
polite hoama [hoama:] adj affable,
polite, kind, courteous, civil hoama
adam kind man hoama geplemek to
speak politely/kindly; salykatly
[saly:katly] adj polite, courteous, civil
salykatly adam polite man salykatly
geplemek to speak politely; sypay
[sypa:y] adj polite, civil, tactful
political syasy [sya:sy] adj political
politician syasaty [sya:saty] n
politician epi syasaty a left-wing
politician

demir
pollute hapalamak v to dirty, dirty
something, soil, pollute
pollution hapaylyk 1 n pollution,
destruction, dirt, rubbish
Polot polot 2 cf: demir. n Polot [a boy's
name]
polytechnic(al) politehniki adj
polytechnic(al) politehniki institut
polytechnical institute politehniki okuw
polytechnical training politehniki bilim
polytechnical education
pomegranate nar [na:r] n pomegranate
Garrygalada sji narlar sr. Delicious
pomegranates grow in Garrygala.
pool bassen 1 [bas'sen] n pool,
swimming baths Derany basseni. A
place to swim in the river.; howdan 2
[howda:n] n swimming pool zln
howdan swimming-pool, swimmingbaths Kp adam saglygy in howdan
gatnaarlar. many people go for
swimming pool for their health Lukman
nsaga howdana gatnamaly diip
kepilnama berdi. the doctor told him on
his prescription to go to swimming pool
; howuz 1 n pond, pool
poor eli gysga (comp. of gysga) poor;
garamaak 2 n the poor garamaak
adam a poor man; garyp [gary:p] adj
poor garyp adam a poor man garyp
hojalyk poor household garyp dmek to
become poor comp. garyp dil ; hor2 2
[ho:r] adj poor hor aamak to live in
poverty, be in need of something hor
dmek become poverty comp. hor-zar ;
ikilik 1 cf: ikizllik. n "poor", two,
unsatisfactory (i.e. mark) Ol taryhdan
ikilik aldy. He got a two for history.;
naynjar 2 [na:ynja:r] adj poor, sad;
neresse 2 n poor Aman neresse rn
gowy adamdy. Poor Aman was very good
man.; pes 3 adj little, low, poor edilen
ie pes hak tlemek to pay a low salary
for the work done comp. pes gwnli
comp. pese dmek comp. eri pesi
bilen comp. eri pesi bilen hereket
etmek ; pukara [pukara:] adj poor,
needy pukara adam poor man; pulsuz 2
adj having no money, without money,
impecunious pulsuz adam poor man

232
poor boy pahyr [pahy:r] n poor fellow/
boy/thing, poor man comp. pahyr
bolmak
poor person bende 2 n poor person
poor thing grgli 2 n poor fellow/boy/
thing; janawar 1 adj poor thing (of
animal), poor soul At janawar suwsap
gidipdir. The poor horse was so thirsty.;
neresse 1 n poor thing
popcorn patrak n popcorn
poplar derek2 n poplar tree dik boly
derek straight poplar ak derek white
poplar (sem. domains: 1.5 - Plant.)
poppy gknar [g:kna:r] n poppy;
gllek n poppy (sem. domains: 1.5 Plant.); haha n poppy (sem. domains:
1.5 - Plant.)
populace il 1 [i:l] n general populace,
inhabitants, population comp. il-halk
comp. il-ulus comp. ile meze etmek
popular rgnli 1 adj popular,
widespread rgnli at popular name
Afon telefonlar alary arasynda
rgnli boldy. Apple phones were
widespread among youth.
populated adamly 2 [a:damly] adv
populated; ilatly [i:la:tly] adj populated
ilatly er populated area
population ilat1 [i:la:t] n population her
ilaty townspeople, urban population oba
ilaty rural population ilat azuwy census
of the population ay-akynda bizi
urdumyzda ilat azuwy geirildi. It held
census recently in our country.; ilat2 n
population, people Trkmenistany ilaty
gn-gnden artar. The population of
Turkmenistan is increasing day by day.
porch podezd [pod'ezd] cf: girelge. n
porch, entrance, doorway ikinji podezd
the second entrance
port port1 cf: gmi duralgasy. n port,
habour comp. dera porty
porter hammal [hamma:l] n porter;
ki 1 n porter Duralgada kn kiler
bar eken. There were a lot of porters at
the station. {person}
portrait suraty [sura:ty] cf: hudonik,
suratke. n artist, portrait artist,
portraitist, photographer

233

ama urmak
portrait artist suratke cf: suraty,
hudonik. n portrait artist
position wezipe 1 [wezi:pe] n position,
post okary wezipni eelemek to hold a
high post {job}; er 7 n position, post
{work} comp. er almasy comp. er hoz
comp. er tudana comp. erine comp.
erine etirmek
position of consul konsullyk n consul
Eger sizi konsullyk iiiz bar bolsa, z
konsulhanayza z tutup bilersiiz. If
you serve in the position of consul you
can go to your country's consulate.
POSS
possibilities mmkinilikler (comp. of)
possibilities, capabilities, features;
resources, means, potential halal gazan
in mmkinilikleri artdyrmak to
increase the potential for honest
earnings
possibility wariant [wari'ant] n
possibility, alternative, variant Onu
birne wariantlary bar. It has some
possibilities.
possible htimal [htima:l] adj possible,
probable; mmkin [mmki:n]
[mmki:n] v modal possible, probable
Mmkinmi? May I? Girmek mmkinmi?
May I come in? mmkin dl impossible
eger mmkin bolsa if possible u gn
howany aa gyzamagy mmkin. Today
the weather may be too hot. Onu
gelmegi mmkin. He may come.
Mmkin olar atlaryndan ykarandyrlar.
It is probable that they forgot.
post aragatnayk bkjalar cf:
aragatnayk blmi, pota. (comp. of
aragatnayk) letters, post, mail; post n
post garawullyk posty sentry post postda
durmak to be at one's post posty talap
gitmek to desert one's post
post graduate aspirant [aspi'rant] n postgraduate student
post office aragatnayk blmi cf:
aragatnayk bkjalar, pota. (comp.
of aragatnayk) post office
postal pota 1 ['pota] cf: aragatnayk
blmi, aragatnayk bkjalar. adj
post office
postcard otkrytka [at'krytka] n postcard,
card Men onu touny gutlap otkrytka

ugratdym. I sent postcard by

congratulating hid wedding-party.
postman aragatnayk blmini igri
(comp. of aragatnayk) postman;
potalon [potal'on] cf: aragatnayk
igri, hat-pet gatnadan. n postman,
letter-carrier
potato er almasy (comp. of alma, er)
potato er almasy eri aagynda
etir. A potato grows under the
ground.
potter kzegr n potter Meni daym
mehur kzegr. My uncle is a wellknown potter.
potty gorok n potty
pound enmek to pound (eg, grain),
hammer, beat Men demirini demir
enjip duranyny grdm. I saw the
blacksmith hammering iron.
pour dkmek 1 v to pour, pour away,
pour out ste a dkmek to pour tea
over someone comp. abrayy dkmek ;
etermek 1 v to pour out, throw stne
suw etermek to throw water on
someone; gumak 1 v to pour (into)
gazana suw gumak to pour water into a
pot agy dyngysyz guar. It is raining
incessantly.; urmak 2 v to pound
Kakma biirmek in ilki eti pyak bilen
urmaly. When cooking kakmach, first
beat the meat with a knife. agyp balan
agy ana urardy. The rain that started
was pounding on the window. Gaharyna
stoly urup, stndki suwly grafini dwdi.
He hit the table angrily and knocked off
a decanter of water. Oglum pianinany
klawialarynda alman barmaklary bilen
urardy. My son was hitting the piano
keys, instead of playing them. comp.
agyz urmak comp. azm urmak comp.
hars urmak comp. Huda ursun! comp.
kk urmak comp. zi oda urmak
comp. rek urmak comp. sowuk urmak
tok urmak comp. urup amak comp.
ama urmak
powder dri 1 n powder, gunpowder
tsseli dri smoking gunpowder dri
ammary gunpowder store; porook
[para'ok] n powder di poroogy toothpowder
power gudrat 1 n special power; gurp 1 n
power, strength gurpdan gamak to lose

wp ara ykarmak
one's strength; halat2 3 n miraculous
power (religious); kuwwat 2 [kuwwa:t]
n power dwleti kuwwaty power of the
state (sem. domains: 4.6.4 - Rule.)
powerful gli 2 adj powerful, strong
gli dwlet powerful state
Gudratygli Almighty; kuwwatly 3
[kuwwa:tly] adj powerful kuwwatly
motor powerful engine
powerful, mighty, vigorous kuwwatly 2
[kuwwa:tly] adj powerful state
kuwwatly dwlet powerful government
powerless kuwwatsyz 2 [kuwwa:tsyz]
adj powerless kuwwatsyz dwlet
powerless state
praise ara cykarmak (comp. of ary) to
praise; magtamak v to praise Swdagr
harydyny magtap balady. A salesman
started praising his goods.; wgi n
praise wgsini etirmek to praise
(highly); wmek v to praise, extol Biz
ilkinji nobatda hemme zat in Huday
wp, Oa alky atmaly. First of all we
must praise God and thank to Him for
everything. comp. wp ara ykarmak
comp. zni weni tanapy rk. ;
sena [sena:] n prayer, praise; taryp
[ta:ry:p] n praise, thanks, compliment,
boast; taryplamak [ta:ry:plamak] v to
praise, complement
pram el araba cf: kolaska. (comp. of
araba) pram, pushchair, stroller;
kolaska [kol'aska] cf: el araba. n
pram, pushchair, stroller aga kolaskasy
pram inwalid kolaskasy wheelchair
motosikli kolaskasy side-car
prattler agzybo 1 n prattler
pray aat okamak [a:at okamak] v to
pray [prayer at a Huda oly (wake)]
prayer doga 2 [doga:] n prayer doga
okamak to pray Mamam irden turanda
hem agam atjak wagty doga okap
atar. My grandmother prays in the
early morning and before going to bed
in the evening. Gije drgp turamda
biln dogalarymy okap, ene-de atdym.
When a nightmare woke me up at night
I prayed a prayer I know and went back
to sleep again. ; ybadat 3 [yba:dat] n
prayer Ybadatylar ertir Kbeden gadyp
gelerler. Worshipers will return back
tomorrow from Kabe.

234
prayer beads tesbi n prayer beads
prayer mat namazlyk [nama:zlyk] n
prayer mat Molla girdine namazlyk
sowgat berdi. Mollah gave prayer mat to
his disciple as a present.
preaching wagyz 2 n preaching dini
wagyz etmek to preach a sermon bu
teklibi wagyz etmek to preach this
suggestion comp. wagyz-nesihat
precious ga [ga:] n precious stone
gwher ga brilliant stone ;
gymmatbaha adj precious gymmatbaha
da precious stone
precipice uut 2 n precipice abany gei
aagy typyp, uut dagdan ykyldy. The
wild goat stumbled over and fell down
the precipice.
precipitation ygal n precipitation, rain
Daglara kp ygal ygnanypdyr. A lot of
precipitation has gathered on the
mountains.; agyn n precipitation; rain,
hail, snow etc. ten agam kp agyn
agyp, ekinleri zaalady. Last night it
rained much and damaged wheats.
predatory wagy 1 adj predatory, wild
wagy hawanlar wild animals; yrtyjy
adj predatory yrtyjy hawanlar
predatory animals yrtyjy gular birds of
prey
predestined takdyr [takdy:r] n divinely
predestined (fate)
predicament girdap 2 [girda:p] n
predicament, difficulty girdaba dmek
to find o.s. (to be) in a predicament
predicate habar 3 cf: informasia. n
predicate {grammar} comp. habar
gatmak
preface szbay n preface
pregnant agzy bimaza (comp. of agyz) to
be pregnant; bogaz2 adj pregnant
Sygyrymyz bogaz bolanlygy in,
sagamzok. The cows are pregnant so we
aren't milking them. Goyn soylmazdan
bogazmy dlmi barlanylar, sebbi
bogaz mal somak gn. {animals};
gwreli adj pregnant {hum}; hamyla
[ha:my:la] adj pregnant, expecting
premature kemis adj premature,
prematurely born kemis aga
prematurely born child {colloq}

235

ek
prematurely biwagt 1 [bi:wagt] cf:
bimahal. adv prematurely, untimely,
suddenly, without warning Iden biwagt
ykanyma knrin, enede alty a
ilmelikenim. I regret starting work
prematurely, I've got six months more
to work. Garaylmadyk myhman biwagt
geldi, gije sagat onbirde. The unexpected
guests came without warning at 11pm.
Biwagt, sagat ln altydan sekize enli
atsa halananok.
preparation taarlyk 1 [taa:rlyk] n
preparation, readiness
preparations tutum n preparations
prepare bkmek 2 v to prepare (food)
Brek bkmegi ors goymdan wrendim. I
learnt to make boerek from my Russian
neighbour. Somsany kplenip derrew
bkip, ayp we biirip alarys.;
emelenmek v to prepare oneself, be/
get ready topy gapmaga emelenmek to
prepare oneself to catch a ball;
hzirlemek v to prepare, make ready;
zledirmek 2 [:zledirmek] v to
prepare tarp erleri zledirmek to
prepare virgin land for sowing;
pigelemek v to prepare wool for
spinning egirmek in pigelemek to
prepare wool for spinning;
taarlamak 1 [taa:rlamak] v to
prepare, get (something) ready, make
(something) ready; taarlanmak
[taa:rlanmak] v to prepare oneself,
get oneself ready G. ola taarlanar G.
is getting ready to go; ykjamlanmak v
to prepare oneself, collect oneself, get
ready ykjamlanyp durmak to be/get
ready Ol ykjamlanyp, ola dmge tayn
bolup durdy. He prepared himself and
was ready to begin the journey.
prepayment awans [a'wans] n
prepayment awans almak to get a salary
advance
present hzirki adj present, modern-day,
current {grammar}; saak 2 n present
saakly gatnamak to exchange presents
{fig}; sowgat n present, gift
presenter doklady cf: nutuky. n
presenter, speaker Doklady ygnaga
geirilen iler barada doklad taarlady.
The presenter prepared a report about
the work done in the meeting.

presently hzir 1 adv now, presently, at

the moment, currently, at once Hzir!
Just a minute! comp. hzir bolmak
president prezident [prezi'dent] n
president
presidenthood prezidentlik n position of
a president
press ap cf: peat1. n press ap etmek to
print, to publish, to type apdan ykmak
to be published, to be printed; gysmak
2 v to press, clasp agany gujagya
gysmak to clasp/press the child to one's
breast/bosom comp. ii gysmak comp.
rek gysmak ; gysmyljyramak v to
press oneself (to), snuggle up (to),
cuddle up (to), nestle up (to); metbugat
[metbu:gat] n press metbugat igrleri
the press metbugat azatlygy freedom of
the press Metbugat gni the Press Day
Metbugat i Press house; sanmak 2 cf:
sanjamak. v to press marks in (e.g..
bread); sykmak 1 v to press, squeeze
pressure basy n pressure gan basyy
blood pressure okary/aak basy high/
low pressure Garry adamlary gan basyy
okaryk galsa, olar helk bolarlar. If an
old man's blood pressure rises, it is
dangerous.
prevent bwet bolmak (comp. of bwet)
to prevent (from) Trkmen dilini sine
nme bwet bolar? What's preventing
Turkmen from growing?
previous owalky cf: ozalky. previous,
something that happened previously
Owalky grrimizi dowam edeli. Let's
continiue our previous talks.; ozalky cf:
owalky. the previous, something that
happened previously, before Nme alan
szlea? Ozalky eden amanlygyy az
grmi? Why do you speak on a lie?
Do you consider less what you have
done before?
price baha 1 [baha:] cf: ek. n price, cost
regi bahasy ne? How much is the
bread? Satylan erbet hilli aak gaplar
bahasyna gr dl. The poor-quality
footwear is not worth its cost.
Muzedki eksponatlary bahasy ksiz.
The exhibits in the museum were
priceless. belli bahasy ok no fixed price
priceless belli bahasy ok (comp. of
belli) priceless

prinsipe gitmek
pride busan n pride urdumy parahat
hem asudalygyna busan bilen
garaaryn. I guard our country's peace
and quiet with pride. z akynla
barada busan bilen geplemek rn
akymly.; guwan 1 n pride halky
guwanjy people's pride; tekepbirlik
[tekepbi:rlik] n pride, arrogance
prince(ss) azada [a:za:da] n prince,
princess
principle prinsip ['prinsip] n principle bir
prinsipe eermek to follow the priciple
(of) comp. prinsipe gitmek
printers basmahana [basmaha:na] n
printing house, printers
printing aphana [apha:na] n print
house, printing aphana ii the work of a
print house; peat1 2 [pe'at] cf: ap. n
publishing, printing peat etmek to print
(out) peatdan ykmak to be published,
come out
prison trme cf: tussaghana; zyndan. n
prison, jail, gaol; zyndan [zynda:n] n
prison, jail zyndana salmak to put into
prison, imprison zyndanda oturmak to be
in prison
prisoner tussag n prisoner tussag etmek to
put in prison
prize barak n prize, reward, award
Himia olimpiadasynda birinji ere ee
bolup, i uly baragy aldym. In the
chemistry competition I got first place
and won the largest prize.
probably ahmal [ahma:l] adv probably;
belki adj maybe, perhaps; probably
Belki, myhmanlary agama agyrarys?
Perhaps we should invite the guests this
evening?; ak 2 n probably aky, olar
naharlanan bolmaly. They've probably
eaten. comp. akdan ykmak
problem mesele 2 n problem mesele
zmek to solve a problem meseleler
ygyndysy book of (mathematical)
problems {mathematics}; problema
[pro'blema] cf: kynylyk. n problem
problemany zmek to solve a problem
proclamation jarnama [jarna:ma] n
address, appeal, call mlk barada
jarnama an appeal concerning
inheritance

236
produce ykarmak1 6 v to produce, make
Bu zawod mayn ykarar. This factory
produces cars comp. ba ykarmak
comp. netije ykarmak comp. atdan
ykarmak comp. ze ykarmak ;
dwmek 3 v to produce Gawungarpyzlar dwpdir. Melons and watermelons started forming. Miweli aga
gllninden so derrew dwp balaar.
Fruit trees begin to produce after
blossoming. ; gobermek 3 v to
produce, turn out aly gobermek to
make a mistake; ndrmek
[:ndrmek] v to produce, manufacture
st nmlerini ndrmek to produce
dairy products; nm 1 [:nm] n
product, produce st nmleri dairy
produce oba hojalyk nmleri farm
produce nebit nmleri oil products
nmmi gymmaty cost of products hli
nm gross product
producer ndriji [:ndriji] n producer
(of goods) ...ne ol ilimkeleri we
temmki ndrijileri arasynda ngilelik
dretdi. ... but among smokers and
tobacco producers it caused
displeasure.; rejissor n producer
rejissory kmekisi assistant producer,
stage manager {film, theatre}
producing drediji 2 adj producing,
creating kesel drediji mikroblar germcarrying microbes; microbes that
produce sickness Olary kesel drediji
mikroorganizmleri ok etmek ukyby
bellrliklidir. Their ability to destroy
germ-carrying micro-organisms is
remarkable. {medical}
production nmilik [:nmilik] adj
production nmilik praktikasy practical
training nmilik maslahaty production
meeting
productive bitginli adj productive
(harvest), high-yielding (crops)
productive(ly) nmli [:nmli] adv
productive(ly) nmli ilemek to work
productively nmli suffiksler productive
suffixes {grammar}
productively njeli adv productively,
fruitfully njeli ilemek to work
productively

237

mr uzak bolsun!
productivity ndrijilik [:ndrijilik] n
productivity, output, productiveness
zhmet ndrijiligi work productivity
profession hnr 1 n profession, trade,
skill, occupation, career, job hnr
edinmek to specialize (in), to get a
profession hnr wrenmek to learn a
profession; kesbi-kr [kesbi-kr] cf:
kr, kesp. n profession Meni daymy
kesbi-kri aga ussasy bolupdyr. My
uncle's profession was a carpenter.;
kesp cf: kr, kesbi-kr. n profession
Meni atamy kesbi aga ussasy bolupdyr.
My grandfather's profession was a
carpenter.; kr 1 cf: kesbi-kr, kesp. n
profession, occupation onu kri his/her
profession kri bouna by profession
kr wrenmek to learn a trade kr
salamak to choose a profession
professor professor n professor
profit dewnt n income, profit, gain,
return, benefit dewnt drmek to
profit (by, from) her adaky dewnt
the monthly return Tze balan ii
dewnt bersin. May your new job be a
success.; girdeji [gi:rdeji] n profit, gain,
income arassa girdeji net profit dwlet
girdejisi revenue girdeji getirmek to yield/
show a profit girdeji we ykdajy profit/
income and outcome; peda 1 [peda:]
n use, benefit, point, profit peda grmek
to profit from peda getirmek to be of
benefit (to) peda ok. It is useless. Ne
peda? What is the use? Hawa, Igli rast
adar, wnmekden peda ok. Yes, Igli
is telling the truth; there is no point in
boasting about it. comp. peda bolmak
profitable dewntli adj profitable,
paying, lucrative, remunerative
dewntli i/kr profitable affair/
business dewntli orun profitable
place; pedaly [peda:ly] adj useful,
helpful, advantageous; profitable,
lucrative pedaly i useful/profitable
affair/business pedaly maslahat useful
advice pedaly krhana profitable
enterprise
program programma 2 cf: maksatnama,
proekt. n program, software hasaplajy
mayny programmasy computer
program {computer}

programme programma 1 cf:

maksatnama, proekt. n programme
{Brit}, program {US} {TV or radio
broadcast}
prohibited gadagan adj prohibited,
banned, forbidden Gemek gadagan. No
trespassing.
project maksatnama [maksatna:ma] cf:
programma, proekt. n project,
programme Milli bilim ulgamynda beik
maksatnamalar dur. National education
system has great projects.; proekt 1 cf:
programma, maksatnama. n project,
scheme proekt dzmek to plan, design
projectile ok2 1 n bullet, projectile;
projectile, shell oka tutmak to fire (at,
on), centre fire (on), shell Atylan ok
dadan gatmaz.(Nakyl) A bullet, once
fired, won't come back. (Pro) id. Atylan
ok dadan gatmaz. comp. ok aly
comp. ok aly gni
prolong uzaltmak 1 v to prolong, extend;
to lengthen, to extend Kelte bolan tuty
gasynyny skp uzaltdym. I lengthened
some short curtains by taking out the
hem. Tans edn gyzlar salaryny
uzaltmak in asama sa goarlar. In
order to lengthen their hair, dancer girls
add extensions. Myhman gelr diip biz
stolumyzy uzaltdyk. Since guests were
coming we extended the table. Uzun
boly mayp oglana lukman piegini
uzaltdy. The doctor lengthened crutches
for the tall invalid boy. ollaryny
uzaltmak in iki a juwan kelte oldan
remn alowly ol bilen geldiler. In
order to prolong their journey young
couples went the long way round not
the short one. Jalbyrymy uzaltmak in
tikin berdim. I gave my trousers to a
tailor to lengthen them. {objects}
prolonged uzak 5 adv chronic, prolonged;
quickly Mamamy uzaga geen znksiz
sglewk keseli bar ysgynyny aldy. My
mother's chronic cough took all her
energy. Krhana lisenzia barada
meseleleri uzaga ekildi. The company's
problems about the licence prolonged.
Sirin dmegden uzaga ekmn gutuldy we
ise basym ykdy. Shirin recovered from
her cough quickly and went back to
work. comp. mr uzak bolsun!

ht

238
promise wada [wa:da] cf: ht, ykrar hat.
n promise wada bermek to promise
someone wada etmek to promise wadada
durmak to keep one's promise; ygrar
[ygra:r] promise z nietii
alymajagya u erde ygrar et! Promise
right away that you will not change
your mind.; ykrar 2 [ykra:r] n to
promise, profess ykrar etmek to profess
Bizi hemmmiz onu eijidigini
biragyzdan ykrar etdik. We all as a one
professed him a winner. comp. ykrar hat
pronto birinji nobatda (comp. of nobat)
first of all, to begin with; work plan,
rotation, schedule, top priority Bu i
birinji nobatda edilmeli. This job needs to
be done as top priority.
pronunciation adyly 1 n pronunciation
Bu sz adylyy aly. This word is
pronounced wrong.
proof delil 1 [deli:l] n proof, evidence,
argument (intellectual), reasoning delil
getirmek to furnish evidence delil bolup
hyzmat etjek seride the thing which
provides proof; subutnama 1
[subu:tna:ma] cf: fakt. n proof,
evidence; demonstration
prop direg 1 [di:reg] n prop, trellis miweli
agaja direg etmek to prop up the fruit
tree which is bearing fruit Gyaran
haata direg urup dikeltdik. We made
straight the crooked garden fence by
propping it up. a zm nahallara direg
etdik. We attached the young grapevine
to a trellis to support it.
prop up daamak v to prop up, shore up
Ol tigrini diwara daady. He propped the
bicycle against the wall. zmleri haja
bilen daamak to prop up a vine with
canes
propeller per2 n propeller uary peri
propeller of an aircraft
properly idili [i:dili] adv as it should be,
properly, good and proper bir zady idili
etmek to do something properly
property emlk n possessions, property
dwlet emlgi something which belongs
to the state, state property ahsy emlk
personal property; mal 2 [ma:l] n
property, belongings, dowury Jereni
basym toy bolar, oa mal geiripdirler.

Jeren will marry soon, doury had been

passed for her. comp. ig mal comp. mal
kesmek ; mlk 1 n property, possessions
Indi mlk nme? Ol seni hem-de
agalary balygy, dwleti, eklenji
emesi, regi kuwwaty. Now, what is
property? It is you and your children's
wealth, your prosperity, the source of
support, the strength of your heart.. Oa
kakasyndan uly mlk galdy. He had big
property from his father. patyany
mlki the property of king
prophecy welilik 1 [weli:lik] n prophecy,
oracle, foresight welilik satmak to
prophesy, to predict, to foresee
prophet pygamber [py:gamber] n
prophet {religious}; resul [resu:l] n
prophet, God's envoy
propoganda ygar 2 [yga:r] n
propaganda
proportion mynasybet [myna:sy:bet]
proportion, share, honor Myhmany
mynasybeti in uly taarlyk grldi. Big
preparation was held to the honor of
guest.
propose sowy bolmak v to propose, to
make a marriage proposal; sowy
gitmek v to propose, make a marriage
proposal
proprietor hojayn n landlord, master,
owner, proprietor, innkeeper
myhmanhanany hojayny innkeeper,
landlord hojayny master of the
house; mlkdar [mlkda:r] n landowner, proprietor Mlkdarlary elinde
zlere iileri bar. Land-owners have
about hundred workers.
prosaist kyssay 1 n prose writer,
prosaist Berdi Kerbabaew kyssay
azyjy. Berdi Kerbabayev is prose
writer.
prose kyssa 1 n prose kyssa bilen azylan
eser prose work kyssa azmak to write
prose Men goga garanda, kyssa okamagy
has gowy grrin. I like to read prose
rather than a poem. comp. durmuy
kyssasy
prosecutor garalowjy n prosecutor;
prokuror [proku'ror] n prosecutor,
public prosecutor, barrister for the
prosecution prokuror bolup ilemek to
work as a prosecutor

239

hi zat
prosecutor's office prokuratura
[prokura'tura] n prosecutor's office,
Office of the Public Prosecutor
prospects geljek 2 cf: perspektiwa. adj
prospects, outlook; perspektiwa cf:
geljek. n prospects, outlook
perspektiwada in prospect, in future
prosper pajarlamak 2 [pa:jarlamak] v to
prosper, flourish, thrive pajarlap smek
to prosper, flourish, thrive {fig}
prosperity abadanylyk 1
[abada:nylyk] n prosperity Bizi
Prezidentimiz abadanylyk syasatyny
alyp barar. Our President carry out
prosperity policy.
prosperous abadan 1 [abada:n] adj
prosperous, well, whole Biz abadan
durmuda aaarys. We live in
prosperous life.; abadan 3 [abada:n]
adj prosperous, well, whole; gurply 2
adj prosperous, rich, well-to-do gurply
magala prosperous family
prostitute ahlak tadan bozuk aal
(comp. of bozuk1) prostitute, immoral
women Ahlak tadan bozuk aallar uly
gn gazanarlar. Prostitutes store up
great guilt for themselves.; jelepilik n
prostitute Daary urtlarda jelepilik
artar. Prostitution is on the increase in
foreign countries.; kemin n prostitute,
street-walker, whore Ol aaly agzy
pay, hemmelere kemin diip sgr.
This woman is foul-mouthed, she calls
everyone a prostitute.
prostitution azgynlyk [a:zgynlyk] n
prostitution, immorality, corruption
protect penalamak 2 [pena:lamak] v to
protect Olar umahy ak gularydyrlar,
seni elmydama penalap rerler. They are
the white birds of heaven; they will
constantly protect you.
protected penaly [pena:ly] adj having a
patron/protector, protected
protector howandar 2 [howanda:r] n
close friend, protector, patron
protest nala 1 [na:la] n protest,
complaint, lament; ngilelik 2
[ngi:lelik] n protest
proud bonuogyn [bonuo:gyn] adj
stiff-necked, proud; busanmak 1 v to
be proud of, take pride in, boast in

Mekdebi altyn medala gutaranyma

busanaryn. I'm proud of the fact that
the school got a gold medal. Men
herimi owadan hem arassalygyna
busanaryn. agaa busanmak herkime
miesser etsin.; gopbamsy adj proud;
guwanja adj proud; tekepbir 1
[tekepbi:r] adj proud
prove delillendirmek [deli:llendirmek] v
to prove, demonstrate, argue, seek to
prove bir zady praktikada delillendirmek
to prove something in practice ylmy
esasda delillendirmek to argue
scientifically
proverb nakyl n proverb; saying Temany
nakyllar bouna dndirmek tsirli
bolar. It is powerful to explain an idea
using proverbs.; tymsal 3 [tymsa:l] n
proverb Atalary tymsaly: "It rer,
kerwen geer." A father's proverb goes,
"When the dog barks, a caravan is
coming through."
proverbs atalar szi (comp. of ata) words
of wisdom, sayings, proverbs {literary}
provide pjn etmek (comp. of pjn)
to supply, provide opanlary suw bilen
pjn etmek to provide shepherds with
water; pjnlemek cf: pjnlenmek. v
to provide, to supply azyk bilen
pjnlemek to provide somebody with
food
province welaat [wela:at] n province,
state, region, county Trkmenistanda b
welaat bar. There are five provinces/
welayats in Turkmenistan.
provision rysk 2 cf: rysgal. n provision
Bu seni rysky. This is your fate,
ryskyy zhmet bilen gazanmak To earn
your due by hard work. comp. rysky
arylmadyk ; pjnlik n provision (of,
with), adequate supply mekdepleri
okuw kitaplary bilen pjnligi the
provision of schools with text-books
provisions zat 4 [za:t] cf: rezerw,
tialyk, ykalga, haryt, predmet,
sapak, dersi, alar, zapas. n
provisions zat almaga gitmek to go food
shopping (to buy stuff [to eat]) comp.
bir zat comp. hi zat
provocation prowokasia [prowo'kasia]
n provocation

neir etmek
provoke gorjaw bermek [go:rjaw
bermek] v to goad on, provoke, egg on
prudence seresaplylyk [seresa:plylyk] n
prudence, care
psalm mezmur [mezmu:r] n psalm
(hymn) attributed to the prophet David;
a Psalm Dawudy mezmurlary maa g
berr. The psalms of Dawud gives me
strength. {religious}
Psalms Zebur [zebu:r] n book of Psalms
Zebur gkden inen Mukaddes Kitaplary
biridir. Psalms is one of the holy books
that came from heaven. [the book
attributed to the prophet David] (sem.
domains: 3.1 - Soul, spirit, 4.9 Religion, 3.4 - Emotion.) {religious}
pseudonym lakam 1 n pseudonym; penname; alias, assumed name edebi lakam
pen name
PstPerf -ypdy PstPerf
PstPtcp -an PstPtcp
psychology psihika [psi'hika] n
psychology, psyche, state of mind
psihikaa tsir etmek to have an effect on
one's mind
public jemgyetilik n public, society,
community, association jemgyetilik
pikiri public opinion jemgyetilik
eeiligi public property, public
ownership jemgyetilik ii community
work, social work; kplik 2 n public
kplik ii public work
publication neir 1 n publication comp.
neir etmek
publish ykarmak1 5 v to publish, print
szlk ykarmak to publish a dictionary
comp. ba ykarmak comp. netije
ykarmak comp. atdan ykarmak
comp. ze ykarmak ; neir etmek
(comp. of neir) to publish VIII asyry
baynda Hytada dnde i gadymy
gazet neir edilmge balanypdyr. The
oldest newspaper in the world began to
be published in China at the beginning
of the 8th century.; yglan etmek 1
[ygla:n etmek] v to proclaim, to publish
rezolusiany yglan etmek to publish a
resolution hkmi yglan etmek to
pronounce a verdict
publisher neirat [neira:t] n
publisher, publishing house Neirat

240
gullugy Garasyzlyga bagylap, kp
kitaplar ykarar. Publishing house print
many books dedicated to Independence.
puff halamak v to puff, pant, gasp for
breath
pull ekmek1 2 [ekmek] v to move, pull,
push, carry, haul I agyr kleri otly
ekip bilr. comp. ah ekmek comp.
ahmyr ekmek comp. aak ekmek
comp. ejir ekmek comp. el ekmek
comp. gam ekmek comp. hasrat
ekmek comp. hor ekmek comp. jeza
ekmek comp. kep ekmek comp.
kynylyk ekmek comp. nala ekmek
comp. zhmet ekmek ; ekmek1 9
[ekmek] v to pull, draw, attract
adamlary z tarapya ekmek nsni
ekmek to draw/attract one's attention
(to) comp. ah ekmek comp. ahmyr
ekmek comp. aak ekmek comp. ejir
ekmek comp. el ekmek comp. gam
ekmek comp. hasrat ekmek comp. hor
ekmek comp. jeza ekmek comp. kep
ekmek comp. kynylyk ekmek comp.
nala ekmek comp. zhmet ekmek ;
dartmak 1 v to pull, jerk, tug, twist simi
dartmak to pull a wire through bir zady
drli tarapa dartmak to tug/pull
something in opposite directions
pull out olmak 1 v to pull out, tear out,
pluck kki bilen olmak to uproot, tear
up by roots comp. sa olmak
pullet mkian 1 [mkia:n] n pullet
pump kolonka 2 [ka'lonka] cf: stn. n
(gas, petrol) pump benzin kolonkasy
petrol pump; nasos [na'sos] n pump
guudan suw ykaryjy nasos pump
pressing water from well
pumpkin kdi n pumpkin, squash kdi
ekmek to sow a pumpkin Kdi manty
meni gowy grn naharym. Pumpkin
manty is my favourite meal.
puncture demek v punch (a hole),
puncture, to make a hole; armak 6
[a:rmak] v to puncture mayny
tigirini ardy. The nail punctured the
tyre. comp. bagty da armak comp. dil
armak comp. regini armak
pungency itilik 7 n pungency ysy itiligi
pungency of a smell

241

ze ykarmak
punish jezalandyrmak [jeza:landyrmak]
v to punish, have someone punished
Kte bign adamlar jezalandyrylar.
Sometimes innocent people are
punished.
punishment jeza [jeza:] n punishment
jeza bermek to punish lm jezasy death
penalty berk jeza strict/harsh
punishment jeza ekmek to bear/take
punishment, pay the penalty, be
punished Ol adamlary gnsi in jeza
ekdi. He suffered punishment for the
sins of the people.; temmi [temmi:] n
punishment, correction temmi almak to
be punished temmi bermek to correct,
carry out discipline, punish
pupil bbenek n pupil Gz lukmanyny
anyna baryp, bbenegimi grkezdim. I
went to the eye doctor and showed him
my pupil. {eye}; gre n pupil (part of
eye); git n pupil, student, disciple,
follower, learner, under-study
puppy gjk n puppy, little doggie
pure pk 2 adj pure, clean ...Alla Tagala
gnlerden pk eder. ... God will cleanse
[that person] from sin. comp. pk
rekden ; sap2 [sa:p] adj pure, net,
clear sap agram net weight sap gyzyl
pure gold sap girdeji net/clear profit
comp. sap rekli comp. sap reklilik ;
tmiz 1 [tmi:z] adj pure, clean; ogyn
4 [ogy:n] adj pure ogyn ekimliler pure
vowels (in contrast to glides)
{grammar}
purify halallamak [hala:llamak] v to
purify, cleanse (religion) Ol z hakyny
halallap alar. He earns his wage
honestly
purity saplyk 1 [sa:plyk] n purity,
cleanliness
purpose maksat n goal, aim, purpose,
objective maksadya etmek to reach
one's goal maksat bilen with the object
(of), in order (to) maksat gomak to set
oneself (to) comp. maksada layk comp.
maksat edinmek
pursue kowalamak cf: kowalamak,
kowmak. v to pursue, to chase kowalap
etmek to catch up (with) yzyndan
kowalamak to pursue somebody/
something, to chase somebody, to
follow after; kowalamak 1 cf:

kowalamak, kowmak. v to run after,

pursue agalar howlyda kowalaardylar
the children were chasing each other in
the yard; kjesine dmek 1 (comp. of
dmek2, kje) to pursue, chase, go
after
pursuit kowgy n pursuit, chase Kowgy
gelmenini grp, ogry gamasyny bes
etdi. On realising that no-one was
pursuing him, the thief stopped running
away.
push itergi n push, shove itergi bermek to
give a push itergi bermek to stimulate,
give impetus (to), start something off
itergi bolup hyzmat etmek to be an
incitement (to something), stimulate
(something); itermek v to push, shove
mayny itermek to push the car; itmek v
to push, move yzyndan itmek to push
from behind itip gobermek to push;
srmek 2 v to push
push into ykmak 3 v to push into, make
fall into ukura ykmak to push into a
pit comp. gwnni ykmak comp. ni
ykmak comp. ykan-umran
push, jostle itelemek 1 cf: iteklemek. v
to push, shove bir-birii itelemek to jostle
one another, push each other
put gomak 1 v to put, place kitaplary
kafda gomak to put the books in the
bookcase erbet agdada gomak to put
someone in an awkward situation nokat
gomak to place a full stop (e.g. at the
end of a sentence) adygrlik gomak to
erect a monument comp. at gomak
comp. gadam gomak ; oklamak 1
[o:klamak] v to put, do (with) Meni
rukamy nir oklady? What have you
done with my pen?
put forward ykarmak1 9 v to put
forward, stick out dil ykarmak stick
one's tongue out comp. ba ykarmak
comp. netije ykarmak comp. atdan
ykarmak comp. ze ykarmak
put forward proposal teklip girizmek
(comp. of girizmek) to put forward a
proposal
put in dykmak 2 v to thrust in, stick in,
put in kitaplary gapyrjaga dykmak to put
the books in a box

haran galdyrmak

242

put in order tertibe salmak (comp. of

salmak) to put in order
put off galdyrmak2 3 [ga:ldyrmak] v to
put off ii ertire galdyrmak to put off
one's work till tomorrow comp. haran
galdyrmak comp. tsir galdyrmak
put pressure on gyssamak 2 v to put
pressure (on), drive someone into a
corner Biz ony gyssap balanymyzda ol
hemme zady atdy. When we began to
put pressure on him he told everything.
put right gnkdirmek 3 v to put right,
regulate, adjust ii gnkdirmek to set
the work going
put to bed atyrmak 1 [atyrmak] v to
put to bed Ejesi agalaryny atyrdy. The

mother put her children to bed. comp.

atyr ; atyrtmak v to get someone to
put (a child) to bed Ol aga zni hi
atyrtmady. That child didn't let me put
him to bed.
put to flight gayrmak 1 v to put to flight
comp. bir he gayrmak comp. boun
gayrmak comp. ynjalygyny gayrmak
put up with razylamak 1 [ra:zy:lamak]
v to put up with, to resign oneself to;
added above de and delted to reconcile
oneself (to), resign oneself (to) to fit in
with egs Ol agda bilen razylamaly
boldy. He had to accept the situation.

Qq

quake titremek v quake er titremek to

have an earthquake
quality hil 1 [hi:l] n quality, capacity;
property; hillilik [hi:llilik] n quality
okary hillilik high-quality
quantity
quarrel dawalamak [da:wa:lamak] v to
quarrel, have a row , make a quarrel,
argue, fight biderek zat in dawalamak
to squabble, or to quarrel over a trifle
Hemie dawalayp rmek gowy gylyk dl.
It is not good to squabble/argue all the
time.; jenjel 1 n quarrel, row, argument
jenjel etmek to quarrel; jenjellemek v
to have a row, quarrel Ol dostlary bilen
jenjelleip, uly gopgun turuzar. He
quarrels with his friends and makes a
big fuss.
quarrelsome dawaly 2 [da:wa:ly] adj
quarrelsome dawaly grr argument
men onun bilen dawaly I'm not speaking
with him; gowgay [gowga:y] adj
quarrelsome gowgay adam quarrelsome
person
queen melike [meli:ke] n queen Ilis
halky z melikesine uly hormat goar.

English people respect its own queen. [if

there is no king]
quench thirst ganmak [ga:nmak] v to
quench one's thirst, satisfy one's thirst
Men gandym. I've had enough to drink.
question sorag [so:rag] n question; sowal
[sowa:l] n question
queue nobat 2 [no:bat] n queue, line
nobata durmak to queue (for), stand in
line (for) comp. birinji nobatda
quick okgunly adv quick, fast; swift,
headlong, impetuous; swiftly,
impetuously, quickly okgunly hereket
swift movement; wrk adj quick,
fast, rapid wrk at fast horse wrk
eme rapid stream; yndam quick, fast,
rapid aryda i yndam at eiji boldy.
In racing the fastest horse become a
winner.
quickly aak stnde 1 (comp. of st)
hurriedly, hastily, quickly Men
dazamlara aak stnden baryp
gatdym. I quickly went to visit my
aunties, then returned.; basym1 adv
quickly, rapidly, hurriedly; soon basym
bol! hurry up! Basym gy der, er zi

243

alpyldamak
ak gara aylar. Winter will come
quickly, the ground will be covered
with snow. Basymjak a go,
myhmanylyga day geldi. Basymrak
awtobus gelmese, aman edim.; batly
2 [ba:tly] adv quickly, fast Gzbagy
elini batly hereketi bilen tomaaylary
gzni baglaar. The magician, with a
quick action of his hands, fools the eyes
of the audience.; alt 1 adv quickly
altrak faster; derrew adv quickly, in no
time at all, immediately, at once, right
now; garsa [garsa:] adv quickly, in no
time garsa gujaklamak to embrace
eriden garsa galmak to stand up
quickly; hasyr-husur adv quickly,
hurriedly, in haste gapyny hasyr-husur
apmak to close the door quickly; tizara
[ti:za:ra] adv quickly; zwwe adv
quickly, in a moment, instantly,
immediately; suddenly Ol zwwe
erinden galdy. He immediately stood
up.
quickness altlyk n speed, quickness,
rapidity komputeri altlygy yldyrym
altlygynda at lightning speed
quiet parahatylyk 3 [para:hatylyk] n
quiet, peace; parahatlyk 3
[para:hatlyk] n quiet, peaceful Datwerek parahatlyk. It is quiet all around.
quietly dek3 adv quietly, calmly; mazaly
2 [maza:ly] adv quietly, calmly, still

Mazaly otury! Sit still! Mazaly bol!

Behave yourself!
quietness msmlik 2 n still, calm,
quietness Meni regime msmlik
aralady. Peace came into my heart.
quilt gaplamak 3 [ga:plamak] v to quilt
organ gaplamak to quilt a blanket;
organ n quilt, duvet organa girmek to
get between the covers organ rtnmek
to cover oneself with a quilt comp.
organya gr aak uzat!
quite yp particle quite, very yp alaa
quite bare; dbnden adv quite,
absolutely, totally, completely,
fundamentally, essentially Men oa
dbnden gary. I am totally against
him. Seni adanlary dbnden
aly. What you are saying is
absolutely wrong. Seni eden ii
dbnden ndogry. What you have done
is totally wrong. Bu bolan zatlara men
dbnden dnmerin. I cannot
comprehend what is happening.; sap3
particle quite, very sap sary quite yellow
Qur'an Gurhan [Gurha:n] n Qur'an, Koran
[Muslim scriptures] {religious}; Kuran
Qur'an Kuran musulmanlar in
Mukaddes kitap hasaplanar. The Qur'an
is considered a holy book by Muslims.

Rr

rabbit towan n rabbit

race aslyet 2 n race, stock; apuw n
race, racing apuw atlary race horses
apuw oly race course apuw alawy
racing track; apyyk n race, meeting,
the races At apyygy balandy. The
horse-race has begun. psgelilikli
apyyk obstacle-race; jyns 3 n race,
ethnicity adamzat jynsy human race
Bizi urdumyzda jynsyna garamazdan
hemme adamlar dehukukly. In our
country all people are equal in spite of

race.; ylgaw 2 n race akyn aralykly

ylgaw sprint arya gatnamak to take
part in a race Bizi trgenlerimiz akyn
aralykly ylgawda birinji orny aldylar. Our
sportsmen took first place in a sprint.
radiant nur [nu:r] n radiant light,
brightest bright, ray nur samak shine
brightly, give radiant light
radiate aldyramak 2 cf: alpyldamak.
v to radiate Onu gzleri aldyrap
grndi. His eyes radiated.;

aldyramak
alpyldamak cf: aldyramak. v to
radiate, shine, make shine Ol alpyldap
k ykdy. As she went out she
radiated [beauty].
radio radio ['radio] n radio radio
atdyrmak to switch on the radio radio
dilemek to listen in radioda bermek to
broadcast
radiotherapy hle 2 n radiotherapy,
radiation therapy
radish turp n radish
rag esgi adj rag, duster, cleaning cloth esgi
bilen analary arassalamak to clean
windows with duster esgi aly like
duster
rage gahar-gazap n rage, fury gahargazaba mnmek to work oneself into a
fury, become furious Ol gahar-gazap
bilen erinden turdy. He got up in anger.;
otly knek gemek 3 (comp. of
knek, otly3) to get angry, to be full of
anger, to rage
rags kne-kl [k:ne-kl] (comp. of
kne) n rags, old clothes kne geim old
clothes
raid alaman n raid; apawulylyk etmek
( apawylylyk) v to raid, loot;
talamak [ta:lamak] v to raid, plunder,
loot, ransack; talap almak (comp. of
almak) to raid
raiding apawylylyk n raiding, looting
apawulylyk etmek
rain nem 2 n rain, precipitation Bu tomus
nem dammady. There was no rain this
summer.; agmyr n rain Howa gurak
bolanda, agmyr adyr Soltanym diip
dileg edris. When the weather wsa dry
we prayed and said let be rained my
Lord. {dial}; agy n rain agy agar.
It is raining. agy iser. It is
drizzling.
rainbow lemgoar n rainbow
rainy ygally adj rainy ygally yl rainy year
yl ygally bolsa dahanlar bol hasyl alar.
If a year is rainy, then farmers get
heavy harvest.; agmyrly adj rainy
agmyrly howa rainy weather
raise begeltmek 1 v to raise sesi
begeltmek to raise one's voice comp.
tumugyy begeltmek ; dikelmek 1 v
raise, rise up, to be put in an upright

244
position, prop oneself up (on one's
elbow); galdyrmak1 v raise elii
galdyrmak to raise one's hand;
gymmatlatmak v to raise the price (of);
okarlandyrmak cf:
okarlandyrylmak. v to raise Men
oturgyjymy okarlandyrdym. I raised up
my armchair.
raise head ba galdyrmak (comp. of ba)
to raise your head
raisins kimi n raisins, sultanas, dried
grapes kimi etmek to dry grapes
ram go n ram Srini goy den
barardy. The ram of the herd was going
in front.
rampart apgyt 2 n rampart
rank dereje 2 cf: kategoria. n rank,
position, post, level, measure Ol z
derejesini biln adam. He knows his
place. Bizi gatnaygymyz okary
derejede. Our attendance is at a high
level.
rape zorlamak 2 [zo:rlamak] v to rape
Dn gije bir gyzy zorlapdyrlar. Yesterday
night they raped a girl.
rare gahat 1 adj rare, scarce gahat harytlar
scarce goods, commodities in short
supply {dial}; gyt adj rare, scarce,
uncommom, in short supply gyt kitap
rare book gyt harytlap scarce goods; ikieke adj rare, single Bu bizi
urdumyzda iki-eke gabat geln haryt.
This is rare thing in our country.;
sele adj rare; thin, sparse sele sa
thin hair; serek 1 adj not often,
seldom, rare, uncommon serek du
geln hawanlar rare animals
rarity gahatlyk 1 n rarity, deficit
rash pikirsiz 2 adj rash, thoughtless,
hasty pikirsiz edilen i rash work pikirsiz
ykarylan karar hasty decision; tengin n
heat rash
rat alaka n rat, gopher
rate kurs2 n exchange rate dnde pul
kursy AB-ny puly bilen lelr the
world's exchange rate is measured in US
dollars
ration card kartoka 2 n ration card,
ration ticket azyk kartokasy food-card,
ration card

245

hat-pet gatnadan
rationality akyl n reasonableness,
rationality, good sense, sound
judgement, cleverness aga b adan
so akyl gelr. After the age of five
children develop good sense. comp. akyl
bermek comp. akyl dii id. akyl
etirmek comp. akyl zhmeti comp.
akyla sygmajak waka comp. akyldan
azamak comp. akyly goalymak comp.
akyly gznde comp. akyly kelte comp.
akyly etmek comp. akylyna alanmak
comp. akylyny almak comp. akyly
amak comp. akylyy itirmek
rave samramak 1 v to be delirious, rave
ravine jar2 1 n gully, ravine jardan gemek
to cross a ravine lde uly jar emele
gelipdir. A large ravine appeared in the
desert.; jlge n ravine, gorge, canyon,
valley Dag jlgeleri baharda rn owadan
bolar. The mountain valleys are very
beautiful in spring. [with water flowing
at the bottom, therefore usually green
either side]
raw bimedik n raw, uncooked, unripe
ray hle 1 n ray, beam gn hlesi
sunbeam
razor pki n razor, razor-blade pki aly
tgr sharp as a razor pki bilen syrmak
to shave; syrma [sy:rma] n zipper,
(electric) razor, shaver
reach doldurmak 3 v to reach, turn aga
ayny doldurdy. The child was three
years old. Atam altmy ayny
dolduryp ak goun touny etdi. My
grandfather turned sixty-three and held
an ak goyun (white sheep) wedding. ;
etirmek 3 v to reach Men oa zordan
elimi etirdim. I hardly reached it. comp.
dil etirmek comp. gz etirmek comp.
erine etirmek comp. etirjek bolmak ;
etmek 2 v to reach, attain Bize-de
nobat etdi. We're at the front of the
queue at last. gelip etmek to come at
last
reach conclusion netij gelmek (comp.
of netije) to reach a conclusion; to
come to a decision; Sen ilki takyk netij
gel, so maa pikirii at. First you come
to a definite decision, then tell me your
thoughts.
reach success rowalanmak
[rowa:lanmak] v to reach/obtain

success Onu biznes ii rowalanyp

balady. His business began to gain
success.
reach up uzamak 3 v to reach up (for)
Kitap tekgesinden kitap almak in elimi
okaryk uzatmaly. comp. eli uzamak
read okamak 1 cf: okatmak,
okatdyrmak. v to read sesli okamak to
read aloud kitap okamak to read a book
leksia okamak to read a lecture doga
okamak to say a prayer Her molla z
bilenini okar. Each mullah recites from
his own knowledge. (sem. domains:
3.5.4.2 - Saying, proverb.)
reader okyjy [oky:jy] n reader Her bir
kitaba okyjy baha berr. Reader gives
mark to every book. {person}
reading & writing hat 3 n reading and
writing, ability to read and write hat
tanamak to be literate comp. dil haty
comp. hat-pet gatnadan
reading room okalga n reading-hall,
reading-room Bizi okalgamyzda kp
gyzykly kitaplar bar. We have many
interesting books in our reading-room.
ready hzir bolmak 2 (comp. of hzir)
adj to be ready, be cooked, be prepared;
tayn [ta:yn] n ready, prepared nahar
tayn food's ready; taar 1 [taa:r]
adj ready, prepared, finished
real barypatan adj real, true; really,
truly Ot-ep basyp giden mellek,
barypatan altalykdyr. If your piece of
ground is overgrown, then you're really
lazy. {negative connotation}; deger adj
real, actual, practical; hakyky
[haky:ky] adj real, genuine, reliable,
trustworthy, upright, actual hakyky dost
genuine friend hakyky habar reliable
message
realise akyly etmek (comp. of akyl) to
come to realise something; akylyna
alanmak (comp. of akyl) to realise the
error of one's ways Akylyna alanan ata
magalasyna dolandy. The father realized
the error of his ways and returned
home.; amak [a:mak] v to realise,
understand; guess
reality hakykat 2 [haky:kat] n reality,
actuality

arkasyndan grrini etmek

really A oga! (comp. of ok) Really!;
hakykatdan [haky:katdan] adv really,
indeed, in fact, actually, truly
hakykatdan ol dedi. Actually, he was
at home.; he1 - really, indeed, Is it
possible? he sen bizi bu erdedigimizi
bilmedimi? Did you really not know
that we were here?
reap ormak 1 v to reap, harvest bugda
ormak to harvest wheat (sem. domains:
6.2 - Agriculture.)
reaper oraky n harvester, reaper
Orakylar bu yl kp hasyl aldylar.
Reapers got great harvest this year.
rear arka 2 n rear arkasy rear of a
house oturgyjy arkasy chair back comp.
arkasyndan grrini etmek
reason sebp cf: sebbi. n reason, cause
iki sebbe gr for two reasons sebp
gzlemek to look for a reason sebbi
owing (to), because (of) u sebpli for
this reason siz muny nme sebbe gr
etdiiz? For what reason have you done
this? comp. sebp eerje szlemi
reasonable phimdar [phimda:r] cf:
phimli. reasonable; phimli cf:
phimdar. adj reasonable, wise, clever,
smart, judicious, quick-witted, sharp ,
bright phimli bolmak to be wise/
reasonable/quick-witted
reasonless sebpsiz adj without reason,
reasonless hi hili sebpsiz without any
reason, without the slightest cause
rebel ba gtermek (comp. of ba) to
rebel; bulaga n trouble-maker, rabblerouser, rebel Klasymyzdaky bulaga
oglan bilen hi kim dost bolanok. Nobody
will befriend the trouble-maker in our
class. Bir adam serho bolup olda
bulagaylygy in tussag edildi.
rebellion ba-badaklyk (comp. of ba)
rebellion, sedition
rebuff gatargy 2 n rebuff, repulse
rebuild dikeltmek 2 v to restore,
rehabilitate, reconstruct, rebuild,
resume, renovate, revive senagaty
dikeltmek to revive industry saglygyy
dikeltmek to recover one's health, get
better
rebuked mahluk 2 [mahlu:k] n rebuked,
rude word for to rebuke Ol mahluk

246
azayp r. He as an animal/creature is
wandering.
recede ekilmek 1 v to step back, recede,
recoil, go backwards yza ekilmek to
step back
receipt ek 1 cf: baha. n receipt, bill,
ticket ek azyp bermek to give someone
a receipt
receive kabul etmek 2 [kabu:l etmek] v
to receive, welcome syrkawlary kabul
etmek to receive patients Bizi
Prezidentimiz zbegistan dwletini
Prezidentini kabul etdi. Our President
received the President of Uzbekistan.
comp. ekzamen kabul etmek ; remek
5 cf: retmek. v to receive Kakamy
pensiasy rer. My father receives a
pension. comp. Assa rn uzaga gider.
receive guest myhman almak (comp. of
myhman) to receive visitors/guests, be
hospitable Olary myhman almaga
gleri etr. They have property to
receive guests.
recently arada [a:rada] adv recently Men
arada Gzeli grdm - grenime bir a
boldy. I have seen Gozel recently - it's
been about a month. {approximately
within one week to a month; not same
day}; dn-in [dn-i:n]
(comp. of dn) adv recently, not long
ago, a day or two ago, a couple of days
ago; hli 1 adv recently; ay-akynda
[ay-aky:nda] adv recently, lately
Men ol habary ay-akynda eitdim. I
recently heard about that.
reception duuyk 2 [du:uyk] n
gathering, meeting, welcome meal,
reception studentler bilen alymlary
duuygy a reception for students and
research fellows azyjy z okajylary
bilen duuyk geirdi. The writer met
with his readers. Talyplar duuyk
geirmek in programma taarladylar.
The students prepared a meeting
programme.; kabulhana [kabu:lha:na]
n reception, reception hall, audience
hall Indi her edarada rite kabulhana
bar. These days each enterprise has a
separate reception.
recline assanmak v to recline, lean on
(e.g., pillow, cushion) assyga assanyp

247

sagaltmak
atmak gr nhili hezil. How amazing to
lean on pillow.
recognise bilmek 3 cf: bilgin. v to
recognise Onu kimdigini bildik. We
knew who he was. Her kim z iini
bilmeli. Everyone should know their own
work. comp. bilip gomak ; tanamak
cf: tanydyrmak, tanymak. v to
recognise, be familiar (with), know
someone, be acquainted (with) men ony
tanamok I don't know him
recognition ykrar 1 [ykra:r] n
acknowledgement, recognition ykrar
etmek to recognise, confirm Garasyz
Trkmenistan dwletini ilkinji bolup,
Trkie Respublikasy ykrar etdi. The
Republic of Turkey was the first country
to recognise Turkmenistan as an
independent country. {political} comp.
ykrar hat
reconcile oudyrmak cf: oumak. v to
reconcile (somebody with) Meni jigimi
hem oudyryp, anyda ilet. Reconcile
with my little brother and make him to
work with you. ; ylaladyrmak
[yla:ladyrmak] cf: ylalamak. v to
reconcile, bring to agreement Biralar
ylaladyryjy bolup hyzmat edrler.
Agencies bring to agreement both sides.;
aradyrmak cf: aramak3. v to
reconcile Adamlary aradyrmak gowy
hsietleri biridir. Reconciling people is
a good behaviour.; aramak3 cf:
aradyrmak. to reconcile Toda men
onu bilen aradym. I reconciled with
her at the wedding.
record plastinka 2 n record, vinyl
plastinka dilemek to listen to a record
plastinka grnli on vinyl {music}
recording azgy 3 n recording audio
azgy audio recording wideo azgy video
recording
recount bean etmek (comp. of bean)
to narrate, recount, tell Ol wakany ele
bean etdi... This is how she told what
happened...
recover aalmak 1 v to recover, feel
well dmewden aalmak to recover
from a cold; drsemek v to recover, get
well zi drsemek to get well Syrkaw
zni drsp epagat uasyny kmegi
bilen daaryk gezelenje ykdy. The sick

man recovered and went for a walk

with the help of a nurse. demii
drsemek to get one's breath back Tli
ylgap geleninden so demini drsedi After
running Tashli gets his breath back.;
gowulanmak 2 v to get well, recover
Onu agday gowulandy. He got well
(again).; gutulmak 1 v to recover, get
better keselden gutulmak to recover from
disease/illness, get over sickness; zni
tutmak 2 (comp. of z) v to recover,
get better; oneself; sagalmak cf:
sagaltmak. v to get better, recover ol
sagalar he is getting better;
sagalymak v to get better (gradually),
recover (gradually); sagatlanmak v to
get better, recover
recovery ypa [ypa:] n recovery ypa
etmek to give therapeutic healing
rector rektor ['rektor] n rector Agabat
uniwersiteti rektory the principal of
Ashgabat university
red al2 [a:l] n bright red, scarlet al aglyk
red headscarf; gyrmyzy adj red, ruddy
gyrmyzy aglyk red headscarf gyrmyzy
rek red colour
redden gyzarmak 1 v to become red,
redden Pomidorlar gyzarypdyr. The
tomatoes became red.
reduce azaltmak [a:zaltmak] v to reduce,
decrease; kesmek2 7 v to reduce, cut,
decrease, lessen alygyny kesmek to cut
one's salary
reed gargy n reed, bulrush, cane gargy
tdk bulrush pipe gargy gamy bulrush
reed
reel saramak 1 v to reel, wind kelle
aglyk saramak to cover one's head with
a scarf tigre sapak saramak to wind
thread on a reel; yranmak 2 v to reel,
stagger yranyp ykmak to stagger out Ol
olda yranyp barardy. He was walking
shakily in the street.
refectory naharhana 2 [naharha:na] n
cafeteria, dining hall, refectory
talyplary naharhanasy student refectory
refer salgylanmak v to refer (to), allude
(to) birini szne salgylanmak to refer to
one's words
referee emin [emi:n] n referee, umpire,
judge bsleigi emini referee of the

sowadyjy
competition Eminler hem arynlar ile
batutanlyk edipdirler. The judges and
elders were head of the inhabitants [of
their town/village]. {competition}
reform reforma [re'forma] n reform
reforma geirmek to reform
refrigerator holodilnik [holo'dilnik] cf:
sowadyjy. n refrigerator {abbr}
refuge gaalga 1 cf: gaybatalga. n
refuge, asylum, shelter gaalga gzlemek
to seek refuge/asylum gaalga tapmak to
take refuge (in) syasy gaalga political
asylum
refugee bosgun n refugee, run-away,
fugitive; gagyn n refugee Gagynym
ol. I am fed up with it/him. gagynlar
topary group of refugees
refuse boun gayrmak (comp. of
boun, gayrmak) to refuse; depmek 3
v to adamantly refuse, refuse
categorically say. Eek semrese, eesini
deper
region sebit n region, territory bizi
sebitlerimizde in our regions
register hasaba almak cf: registrasia. v
to take into account, register, take note
of; hasap 2 [hasa:p] n registration,
register hasaba almak to register comp.
hasap-hesip ; urnal 2 n register Bizi
institutymyzda gij galan talyplary bellige
aly urnaly bar. We have a register note
of students who is late in our Institute.
[of pupils]; azylmak2 4 v to register
adyy azdyrmak to register your name
{university}
regret ahmyr ekmek (comp. of
ekmek1) to regret, be sorry; ahmyr n
regret, pity ahmyr etmek to regret, be
sorry ahmyr ekmek to regret, be sorry;
arman ekmek (comp. of arman) to
regret; gynan [gy:nan] n sorrow,
regret, condolence, grief gynan bilen
with deep regret u gynan deep regret
gynan bildirmek to condole with
something, present one's condolences to
someone; gynanmak 2 v to regret;
kn n regret, repentance kn
bildirmek to express one's repentance
kn bilen regretfully, deploringly;
knmek 1 v to regret Men oa
ynananyma knrin. I regret that I
trusted him. Beren soragyma kndim. I

248
regretted asking such a question.;
puman [puma:n] adj regret,
repentance, remorse; to make somebody
regret/repent puman etmek to regret,
deplore, repent, be/feel sorry (about)
puman etdirmek ol bu barada
pikirlenmndigine puman edr he
wishes he had thought of it before
regulate dzgnledirmek v to regulate,
standardise, normalise, put in (good)
order ol hereketini dzgnledirmek to
control traffic Uarlary uu tertibini
dzgnledirdiler. They regulated the
arrival order of the planes. Pul
alygyndan so pensia pjniligi
dzgnledi. After the currency changed
pensions were regulated.; sazlamak 2
[sa:zlamak] v to regulate, repair, put
right, adjust motory sazlamak to repair
the engine
regulations dzgn-nyzam cf: dzgn. n
regulations; dzgnnama
[dzgnna:ma] n regulations, rules,
statutes salawlar hakynda dzgnnama
regulations for elections Dkanlar tze
elektro kassa guralyny iletmelidigine
dzgnnama geldi. There is a regulation
for working on the new electronic cash
register in shops. Igrleri alyk hakyny
kpeltmek barada dzgnnama girizdiler.
There is a new statute regarding the
salary increase of workers.
reign
reinforced concrete demir-beton (comp.
of demir) reinforced concrete
reins jylaw n reins aty jylawyndan tutup
itmek to lead a horse by the reins
jylawyny elie almak to take the reins Ol
adamsyny jylawyny eline aldy. She took
the reins of her husband into her hand.
reject boun towlamak (comp. of
towlamak) to reject
rejection ret adv rejection ret etmek to
decline, turn down; to refuse hayy ret
etmek to refuse a request teklibi ret etmek
to turn down a suggestion
rejoice begenmek v to rejoice, be glad, be
happy Agamdan hat alyp begendim. I was
very happy to receive a letter from my
older relative.
rejoicing heelle adv - comp. heelle
kakmak

249

ygtybarly
relate emlemek 1 v to relate to;
gatnamak 2 v to begin a relationship,
to associate, relate
related dahylly adj related (to) Bu saa
dahylly dl. That's nothing to do with
you.
relating_to
relations gatnayk 1 n relations, terms,
ties dostlukly gatnayk friendly terms
akyn gatnaykda bolmak to be on
intimate terms with someone diplomatik
gatnayklar diplomatic relations
gatnaykda bolmak to relate (to) Ikini
drde gatnaygy, by ona gatnaygy
alydyr. The ratio of two to four is the
same as the ratio of five to ten.; gatnaw
2 n relations gatnaw amak to open
relations gatnaw kesilmesin! Let not stop
relations!
relationship aragatnayk 1
[a:ragatnayk] n relationship, tie, bond,
correlation dostluk aragatnaygy friendly
terms zara aragatnayk mutual
relations comp. aragatnayk blmi
comp. aragatnayk blmini igri
comp. aragatnayk bkjalar
relative garynda n relative, next of kin
dogan-garynda relatives daky garynda
far relative garynda bolmak to be
realtive; hossar 1 [ho:ssa:r] n relative,
kinsman; kowum 1 n relative comp.
kowum-garynda
relatives kowum-garynda (comp. of
kowum) n relatives onu kowumgarynday kp he has many relatives;
tohum-ti n relatives
relaxed hatyrjem [ha:ty:rjem] adj
relaxed, sure, certain, confident
hatyrjem bolmak to rest assured, be sure,
be certain
release gobermek 1 v to let go, release,
free Ony d kle-de, kowyp gober!
Put her on the camel and drive her
away!; uurmak 2 v to release (birds)
Seil bagynda a juwanlar kepderi
uurdylar. The newly married couple
released a pigeon in the park. comp.
baydan huuny uurmak comp. sz
uurmak
relent umamak 2 cf: umatmak. v to
relent, relax one's severity; become less
stern Ejesini grp ol biraz umady.

Seeing his mother he became less stern.;

umatmak 2 cf: umamak. v to
relent, relax somebody's severity; make
somebody less stern gnsini umatmak
to extenuate somebody's guilt jezany
umatmak to mitigate a punishment
reliability htibarlylyk [htiba:rlylyk] n
reliability, authenticity
reliable htibarly [htiba:rly] adj
reliable, authentic htibarly emelerden
alnan maglumatlar messages;
information taken from reliable sources
htibarly erden gowan maglumat
information given in authentic place;
jadar [ja:da:r] adj reliable,
trustworthy, right, correct jadar
erlerden alnan maglumatlar information
received from reliable sources Atababalarymyzy jadar adyy aly,
dumandan hi wagt dost bolmaz. As our
ancestors rightly said an enemy will
never be a friend.; ygtybarly
[ygtyba:rly] cf: ynamdar, ynamly.
reliable, faithful ygtybarly adam reliable
person umy ygtybarly adama
tabyrgyn! Give this task to a reliable
person!; ynamly 1 cf: ynamdar,
ygtybarly. adj reliable, trustworthy
ynamly dost reliable friend
religion din1 [di:n] n religion, faith dn
dinleri the religions of the world
religious dini [di:ni] adj religious,
spiritual dini dnje religious prejudice
religious person dindar 1 [di:nda:r] n
religious person, believer Ol dindar. He's
a believer.
rely arkalanmak v to rely on, hope;
daanmak 2 v to rely (on) z
mmkiniligie daanmak to rely on your
options
rely on bil bagla (comp. of baglamak) to
resolve; to trust, rely on; bil baglamak
(comp. of bil) to resolve; to trust in u
gn altmy kile pagta ygmaga bilimi
bagladym. Today I resolved to collect
sixty kilos of cotton.; busanmak 2 v to
rely on, hope on Baka, balygyna
busanyp adam sgermedi. While rich,
those who rely on their riches are not
put to shame. z gjne busanyp
okary okuw jayna ekzamensiz die
grr geirme bilen gedi.

atlatmak
remain galmak1 [ga:lmak] v remain
galanlar those who remained i.e. the
rest, the others on bire on b minut
galanda quarter to eleven ol dilden galdy
(he's so sick) he can't speak
remains galanja [ga:lanja] adj remains
remarkable bellrlikli adj remarkable
Olary kesel drediji mikroorganizmleri
ok etmek ukyby bellrliklidir. Their
ability to destroy germ-carrying microorganisms is remarkable.
remedy melgun1 n remedy, home-made
remedy melgun apmak to apply a
remedy (to) melgun asamak to prepare
a remedy
remember atda saklamak (comp. of
at2) to remember, keep in your mind
and heart Meni szlerimi adyda sakla!
Remember my words!; atlamak
[a:tlamak] cf: atlatmak. v to
remember, recollect alyk dwri
atlamak to recollect one's youth;
oklamak 4 [o:klamak] v to
remember, miss Gyrat Groglyny oklap
bir kiedi. Gyrat suddenly neighed as he
thought about Gorogly. {arch}
remind atlatmak [a:tlatmak] cf:
atlamak. v to remind Surat maa geen
gnlerimi atlatdy. The picture reminded
me of my past.
reminisce kne zaman agtarmak (comp.
of kne) to reminisce, to remind
somebody of the past olar gijesi bilen
oturyp grr etdiler, kne zamany
agtardylar they sat the whole night
talking, reminiscing about the past
remnant galyndy 1 [ga:lyndy] n remnant,
remains mata galyndysy remnants of
fabric
remodel abadanladyrmak 1
[abada:nladyrmak] v to improve, make
improvements, redo, do something up,
remodel er titremesinden sora, heri
abadanladyrdylar. After the earthquake,
they remodelled the city.
remote alys n remote, far, distant Alys
oldan geldim. I came a long way to get
here. alysda in the distance; uzak 4 adj
remote Uzakdaky amazon tapasyna
barmak in gn gaykda zmeli. To
visit the remote Amazon tribes, you

250
have to travel by ship for three days.
comp. mr uzak bolsun!
remove ayrmak 1 v to remove Pili olu
stnden ayrmak gerek. We need to
remove the spade from the road. gulluk
wezipesinden ayrmak to remove from
government service; etledirmek v to
push aside, debar, remove, dismiss,
discharge topardan etledirmek to leave
a group
renege dnmek v to renege (on a
promise), give up, go back on
renew zgertmek cf: zgermek. v to
renew tebigaty zgertmek to landscape
renounce el gtermek (comp. of el) to
renounce, take back u kriden el
gtermese,bir bela stnden bararsy. if
you do not renounce from your this
action, you will be caused to dusaster.
repaint rek urmak (comp. of urmak) to
repaint, to paint over ki ak maynyma
gk rek urdum. I had my white car resprayed in blue.
repair oarmak 1 v to repair, mend
radiony oarmak to repair a radio comp.
zi oarmak ; remont [re'mont] cf:
bezemek2. n repair(s), maintenance,
decorate, do up dpli remont overhaul,
refit, major/capital repairs remonta
bolmak to be under repair remont etmek
to repair, recondition, overhaul,
decorate, do up
repair shop ussahana 1 [ussaha:na] n
repair shop, workplace El sagadymy
batareasy kenligi sebpli sagat
ussahanasyna tabyrdym. Because of the
battery of my watch has expired, I gave
it to a watch repairing shop. Telewizor
ussahanasyna baramda her hili bejerilmeli
a-da em bejerilen telewizorlary
grdm. When I came into the TV repair
shop I saw many repaired and needing
to be repaired TVs.
repaired bejerilmek 1 v to be repaired,
be fixed bejerilen mayn a repaired car
repairs abatlay n repairs Tze okuw
ylyna taarlanmak in mekdeplerde
abatlay ilerini geirrler. They do
repairs in schools for preparering new
year study.

251

kynylyk ekmek
repeat gatalamak 1 v to repeat, to revise
wrenen szlerii gatalamak to repeat
learned words atdan gatalamak to
learn by heart
repeated gatalanmak v to be repeated
repentance toba [to:ba] n repentance
toba etmek to repent, regret, be sorry
repide repide [repi:de] n repide [round
hand-made instrument used to bake
bread]
reply jogap 1 [joga:p] n answer, reply,
response jogap bermek to answer, reply,
respond jogap soramak to ask a question
meselni jogaby the answer to the
problem
report habarnama cf: raport. n report;
raport ['raport] cf: habarnama. n
report dilden raport bermek to give a
report orally azmaa raport written
report; reporta n report, account,
piece of reporting {from reporter}
reporter nutuky cf: doklady. n
reporter Nutukylar hzirki zaman
temalardan azarlar. Reporters write
[articles] using up-to-date themes.
representation wekillik [weki:llik] cf:
wekililik. n representation Sen kime
wekillik edrsi? Whom are you
representing?
representative wekil 1 [weki:l] n
representative, spokesman wekil ibermek
to send a representative; wekililik
[weki:lilik] cf: wekillik. n being a
representative wekililik etmek to
represent BMG-da wekililik etmek to
represent in the UN
reprimand kin n reprimand, reproof,
scolding, telling-off berk kin severe
reprimand kin bermek to tell
somebody off, to reprimand okary
okuw mekdeplerinde berk kinden so
talyplar talyplyk hataryndan
ykarylarlar. In higher institutions the
students drop out after a severe
reprimand.; kteklemek 2 v to
reprimand, scold Gyzy sayny keseni in
ejesi ony ktekledi The mother scolded
her daughter because she had cut her
hair.
reproach gyjalat [gyja:lat] n reproach,
reproof, rebuke gyjalat bermek to

reproach (someone with) gyjalata

gomak to let someone down; minnet n
reproach, reproof minnet etmek to
reproach, reproof Ol maa beren
kmegini mydama minnet edr. He
always reproaches about his help he did
for me. Men balygy minnetini ekip
ilerin. I work reproaching of my
boss.; teene n reproach, rebuke
republic respublika [res'publika] n
republic
republican respublikan adj republican
respublikan guramalar republican organs
edara edii respublikan dzgni
repulse serpikdirmek v to repulse, repel
hjmi serpikdirmek to repel an attack
request dileg 1 n request, entreaty, plea,
prayer dileg etmek to ask (for) Meni
dilegimi kanagatlandyrmagyyzy sizden
soraaryn. I ask that you respond to my
requests.; hay [ha:y] n request,
application, solicitation, petition hay
bilen zlenmek to make a request (for),
ask hayyny kanagatlandyrmak to
comply with a request hay etmek to
request, make a request for, solicit (for),
send an application (for), apply (for),
implore; towakga request
require haklamak 1 to require a
reckoning, pay back; talap cf: talapkr.
n demand, requirement, claim Onu
talaby nme? What's his demand? talap
ediji claimant talap etmek to require
requiring payment pully 1 adj requiring
payment pully okuw studies requiring
payment pully i paid work
rescue gutarmak 3 v to rescue, save
lmden gutarmak to rescue from death
rescuer halasgr [hala:sgr] n saviour,
rescuer, liberator
resemblance alym adj resemblance
comp. alym etmek
resemble ekmek1 8 [ekmek] v to
resemble, bear resemblance to; look
like, have the same character as terezide
ekmek comp. ah ekmek comp. ahmyr
ekmek comp. aak ekmek comp. ejir
ekmek comp. el ekmek comp. gam
ekmek comp. hasrat ekmek comp. hor
ekmek comp. jeza ekmek comp. kep
ekmek comp. kynylyk ekmek comp.

nala ekmek
nala ekmek comp. zhmet ekmek ;
mezemek 1 v to resemble, bear a
resemblance (to), be like bir-birie
mezemek to bear a resemblance to each
other, be like each other; ogamak1 v to
resemble, be like, look like Ol kakasyna
ogaar. He is like his father.
reserve alapa n reserve, spare; zapas 5
[za'pas] cf: rezerw, tialyk,
ykalga, haryt, predmet, sapak,
dersi, alar, zat. n reserve Belkalar
gya zapas imit plediler. Squirrels
gathered reserve food for winter.
{military}
reserve(s) rezerw [re'zerw] cf: tialyk,
ykalga, haryt, predmet, sapak,
dersi, alar, zapas, zat. n reserve(s)
rezerwde bolmak to have in reserve
reservoir howdan 1 [howda:n] n
reservoir, cistern, pond
resin epbik n resin, pitch, tar
resistance garylyk 1 n resistance,
opposition garylyk grkezmek to resist,
oppose, stand up (to) garylyga duar
bolmak to meet resistance
resonate jk bolmak v to be right, to be
correct, resonate, deeply impact Bu
eiden habarym regime jk boldy.
When I heard the news it touched my
heart.
resourses resurs [resu:rs] n resourses
nmilik resurslary industrial resourses
suw resurslary water resources
respect ke dmek (comp. of
dmek2) to respect Aal rine ke
dmeli we adyna ysnat getirmeli dl. A
wife should show respect for her
husband and not bring him disgrace.
ke dp bagjygyma dadym.; gadyr 1
n respect, esteem gadyr gomak to
respect, esteem gadyr etmek; hatyra 1
[ha:ty:ra] n respect, esteem, honour,
tribute hatyrasyny saklamak respect,
honour hatyra gni Rememberance Day
adamy hatyrasyna in someone's honour;
hezzet 1 n respect, honour hezzet etmek
to do honour (to); hormat n respect,
esteem, honour, regard, reverence
hormat gomak respect, esteem, treat
with respect, pay tribute hormat
garawuly guard of honour hormat haty
roll of honour hormat tagtasy the honour

252
hall; hormatlamak v to respect, esteem,
honour hormatlamak bilen yours
faithfully, respectfully yours; sarpa n
respect, esteem sarpa gomak to respect,
esteem, have respect (for), hold in
respect, treat with respect, be respectful;
sylamak [sy:lamak] v to respect,
esteem, honour; yzzat-hormat (comp.
of) honour and respect Trkmenler
aulylara yzzat-hormat edrler
Turkmens show honour and respect to
the elders.
respectability arzyly 1 n respectability
respectable arzyly 2 adj respectable ;
welcome, dear; hezzetli adj respectable,
honourable
respected mertebeli adj high-ranked,
well-respected Meni kakam obamyzda
meretebeli adamdy. My father was wellrespected man in our village.
respected man aksakgal 1 [a:ksakgal] n
respected man over fifty igitler
aksakgaly hormatlamaly. Young men
must respect wise old men.
respected/authoritative abraly 1
[a:braly] adj respected, honoured,
prestigious, esteemed abraly adam
respected man
respectful sarpaly adj respectful,
respected, esteemed sarpaly adam
esteemed person
responsibility garamat [gara:mat] n
responsibility garamatyna galmak to bear
the responsibility for someone
garamatyna almak to take one's own
responsibility (for doing sth.)
garamatyny z ste almak to be
responsible for somebody;
jogapkrilik [joga:pkrilik] n
responsibility, obligation jogapkriligi
z ste almak to take the
responsibility (for)
responsible jogapkr [joga:pkr] adj
responsible, liable, answerable jogapkr
bolmak to be in charge (of), be
responsible (for) jogapkr redaktor chief
editor jogapkr igr executive Ol
jogapkr. He is responsible.
responsible person wezir-wekil [wezi:rweki:l] (comp. of wezir) n responsible
person, representative patyany wezir-

253

netij gelmek
wekilleri the king's court, the king's
attendants
rest aagyy azmak (comp. of
azmak2) to have a short rest; bil
azmak (comp. of bil) to rest (sitting or
lying down); dagy 2 particle and the rest
(of them), and the others Dawut dagy
Agabatda aadylar. David and his
family used to live in Ashgabat.; dyn 1
[dy:n] n rest, holiday, vacation dyn
almak to rest, have a rest dyn aly gni
Sunday Dyn gni agalar bilen hawanat
bagyna gitdik. On Sunday we went to the
Zoo with the children. I arasyndaky
dyn wagty gyzlar bilen adym adarys.
At break time we sing a song with the
girls. Dyn almak in ilki ilemeli. Before
taking a break one should work. dyn
aly otagy rest room dyn atmak to take
a break Gohsyz, galmagalsyz dyn
durmuda aamak her adamy maksady.
To live in peace without noises and
voices is the desire of everyone. dyn
aly i sanatorium
rest in the shade saalamak
[sa:alamak] v to rest in the shade
saalap oturmak sit in the shade
restaurant ahana 2 [aha:na] n
restaurant, cafe, canteen, kebab stand
Iiler gnortanlyk edinmek in ahanada
jemlendiler. In order for the workers to
have lunch, they gathered in the
canteen.
restless biynjalyk [bi:y:njalyk] adj
restless, uneasy, restive, anxious,
disturbing comp. biynjalyk bolmak
restoration dikeldi n restoration,
reconstruction dikeldi ileri restoration
work dikeldi dwri period of
reconstruction
restrain
restrain o.s.
restrained klenmek v to limit oneself,
to hold back, to be restrained kin
bilen klenmek to hold back when
punishing someone
restroom hajathana 2 [ha:jatha:na] n
restroom, bathroom {Amer}
result barmak1 4 v to result, end in comp.
Bar, iie git! say. agyrylmadyk erie
barma, agyrlan eriden galma ;

ykmak 4 v to result, come of Mundan

hi zat ykmaz. Nothing will come of it.
comp. aradan ykan bolup ykmak
comp. atdan ykmak ; netije 1
[neti:je] n result, outcome netije bermek
to yield results oat netijeleri gazanmak
to get good results comp. netij gelmek
result_in
resurrection dirili [di:rili] n
resurrection, revival
retreat ekilmek 2 v to retreat Duman
ki pozisiasyndan yza ekildi. The
enemy abandoned its position.;
serpilmek 1 v to turn back, retreat
return dolanmak 1 v to return, come
back yzyna dolanyp gelmek to come back
again syahatdan e dolanmak to
return from a journey azan hatymy
salgysy dogry azylman gnden so
yzyna dolanyp geldi. Because the address
was incorrect my letter was returned
after three days. Batly baran mayn
birden saga dolandy. The speeding car
turned right suddenly. ; gadymak 1 v
to return, go Adamlar lerine gadyyp
baladylar. People began to head back
home.; gadyyn1 [gadyy:n] n return
Biz gadayn kinoteatrada kino grdik. On
the way back we went to the cinema.;
gatarmak 1 v to return, give back
gataryp almak to take someone back,
accompany home; gatarmak 3 v to
return/give back goydan alan zadyy
yzyna gatarmak to return back the
thing what you took from your neigbour
karzyy gatarmak to give back your
debt kitaby okalga gatarmak to return
back the book to the library agylygy
agylyk bilen gatarmak to reward
kindness with kindness; gatmak 1 v to
return, go home yzyna gatmak to go
back, retrace one's steps Men ome
gatdym. I returned home.; yza
dolanmak 2 [y:za dolanmak] v to
return Ol holamak in yzyna dolandy.
He returned back to say goodbye.
returned gatarylmak v to be returned,
be sent back, be given back Kitap eesine
gataryldy. The book was given back to
its owner.
reveal amak 2 v reveal, discover Ylym
tebigat syrlaryny aar. Research reveals

agyz amak
the secrets of nature. Galile eri
alanmak kanunyny ady. Galileo
discovered the laws concerning the
earth's rotation. comp. agyz amak
comp. ara amak comp. gwn amak
comp. grr amak ; amak2 2 v to
spread, divulge, reveal birini syryny
amak to divulge one's secret
revelation aanlyk 1 [aa:nlyk] n divine
revelation
revenge ar [a:r] n revenge, vengeance ar
almak to take revenge, pay someone
back; kast 1 n revenge, vengeance
Mende nme kasty bar? Why do you
want to take revenge on me?; [:] n
revenge, vengeance almak to take
revenge alyjy avenger, revenger
revere dabaralamak 2 v to hold someone
in esteem, revere, pay/do homage (to)
myhmany dabaralamak to honour a
guest
reverence alyjenaplyk 2 n reverence
reverse arka 3 n reverse medaly arka
zi the reverse side of a medal; the
'tails' side of a coin comp. arkasyndan
grrini etmek
revive direlmek [di:relmek] v to
resurrect, resuscitate, rise from the
dead, come back to life, revive Gark
bolan adamy suwdan ykaryp, emeli usul
bilen dem berensolar tzeden direldi. The
drowned man revived after he was
removed from the water and given
artificial respiration. Ruh ruhdan
drpdir. The spirit was created from
spirit. comp. lp direlmek
revolt gozgala 1 [go:zgala] n uprising,
revolt, insurrection aragly gozgala
armed revolt/uprising/insurrection
gozgala etmek to rise in rebellion
(against), revolt (against); pitne n
revolt, mutiny, riot, rebellion pitne
turuzmak to raise a revolt/munity, rise
in rebellion, revolt
revolution wrliik n revolution, coup;
reform sosial wrliik upheaval dwlet
wrliigi coup d'etat ylymdaky wrliik
reform in science; rewolusia
[rewol'usia] n revolution
revolve alamak 1 v to revolve, rotate,
turn sagady dilini e alamak to turn

254
the hands of a clock; alanmak 1 v to
revolve, rotate er z okuny dayndan
alanar. The Earth revolves on its axis.
reward buluk 2 [bu:luk] n reward for
good news Buluga berlen knegi toa
gedim. I wore the dress I got as a
reward for the good news. Buluga gelen
adamy bo gbermerler. Those who
come to the good news celebration don't
go away with their hands empty.;
pege adv for nothing, gratis, free (of
charge), reward for a present/gift pege
bermek to give as a present/gift; sylag 2
[sy:lag] n (financial) reward, fee; tleg
2 cf: wznos. n reward
rhubarb
rhyme sazlamak 1 [sa:zlamak] v to
rhyme, to have a similar rhythm;
sazlayk n rhyme, rhythm
ribbon lenta 1 ['lenta] n ribbon, band;
tape Gyzjagaz sayna pek lenta dakdy.
She tied a ribbon made of string in the
little girl's hair.
ribs gapyrga n ribs, back d gapyrgasy
chest ribs comp. gapyrgasyny
sanabermeli
rice brn1 n rice Palow biirmek in
dkandan brn satyn aldym. I bought
some rice at the shop so I could cook
pilaf. Brn ak, mele hem gyzyl ymtyl
rekde bolandygyny, joram getirende
bildim.; twi 1 n rice
rice plants aly [a:ly] n rice plants
rice pudding le n rice pudding,
semolina
rich barly [ba:rly] adj rich, well-to-do,
well-off hrat barly eri
magalasyndan. Shohrat is from a rich
family.; ba 1 [ba:] adj rich Ruhy ba
adam kp agy kitaplary okaar. A
spiritually rich person reads many good
books. ba toprak rich land Dkin berilen
eri hasyly ba bolar. If you put
manure on the land the harvest will be
rich; bol adj rich, abundant, plentiful,
lavish u ylky bugda hasylymyz bol
bolsun diip Huda oluna sadaka
atdym. This year to get a good harvest
I promised to give God a sacrifice.
Apezi edip eli bol adamy bellemeli,
sebbi ol hi zady gysganman nahara drli

255

eegine ja kakylan aly geplemek

dmen zatlary bol edip salar. Goymyz
ak goun touny uludan tutup, ieri-ieri
bol edip palady. My neighbours gave
out a lot of food and drink to celebrate
the white sheep celebration.; dwletli
adj rich, well-to-do, well-off, prosperous
dwletli adam well-to-do man, man of
substance/property Ilese, gazansa
dwletli magala gurarsy. If you work
and earn, you will build a prosperous
family. Alan geliniizi aagy dsin,
dwletlisi bolsun! Let your bride be rich
and bring luck to the home.; mes 3 adj
rich; rich, wealthy, well-to-do,
prosperous mes aamak to lead a
prosperous life
rich man ba 2 [ba:] n rich man; beg n
rich man, ruler [i.e. a khan] say. lini
sylasa beg bolarsy. Dirini sylasa ba
bolarsy
riches balyk [ba:lyk] n riches, wealth
Adam in i uly balyk ruhy balygy.
For people, the most important riches
are spiritual riches.
richness meslik 2 n richness, wealth,
prosperousness
ride umak 3 v to ride Tze atraksionda
umak in joralarym bilen seil bagyna
gitdik. We went to the park with my
friends for a ride on the new attraction.
{carousel, roller coaster, etc.} comp.
gzden umak comp. kellden
umak ; ri 5 [ri:] n ride atly ri
horse ride Meni kakam atly rileri
halaar. My father likes horse riding.
rifle hyrly1 n rifle; tpe n rifle, gun
rifle cleaner
right de 2 post right, precisely, exactly
Ol meni deimden geip gitdi. He went
right by me. comp. de agramlylyk ;
hak 4 n right, prerogative haky bolmak
to have a right hakym ok. I have no
right (to do something). ses bermge hak
to have right to vote Meni ilemge we
zhmet ekmge hakym bar. I have right
to work. comp. hak-hesip comp. hakhukuk comp. hak-hukukly comp.
hakyny alyp bermek comp. hakyy
gidermek ; hukuk 2 [huku:k] n right,
legal right raat hukuklary civil rights
srjilik hukugy driving licence comp.
hak-hukuk ; makul 2 [ma:ku:l] adj

right, true makul tapmak to consider

something true/right Ine muny makul
This is true. This is right.; mamla
[ma:mla] adj right, correct Sen mamla.
You are right.; oaly 2 adj right,
suitable, appropriate oaly pursat right
moment, opportunity ... Bu oaly tsir
edr. ... It makes a positive
impression.; sag2 adj right sag el right
hand sagdan sola from right to left
right and left sag-sol [sag-so:l] adv right
and left
right away ur-tut ['ur-tut] adv right away
Dudansyz myhman gelenso, ur-tut nahar
taynlamaga baladym. Because of an
unexpected guest I started cooking a
meal right away. Gyzym barmagyny
kesdirenso, ur-tut daydyrdym. When
my daughter cut her finger, I bandaged
it right away. Aagymy damary
ekeno, ur-tut erimden galdym. When I
got cramp in my leg, I jumped up right
away.
righteous salyh [sa:lyh] adj righteous
rights hak-hukuk [hak-huku:k] (comp. of
hak, hukuk) n legal rights
rim halka 3 n encirclement, rim dumana
halka guramak to surround an enemy
ring alaw 2 n ring, circle Oglanlar
alawy iinde gre tutarlar. The boys
are wrestling in the ring. Adamlar odu
daynda alaw gurap oturdyrlar. The
people sat in a circle around the fire.;
halka 2 n ring, belt aar in halka keyring; ja 2 n call, ring ja etmek to
telephone, ring, call telefony jay
ringing of a telephone comp. eegine
ja kakylan aly geplemek ; jalamak
v to ring up, talk on the phone
Jalaarys! We'll speak on the phone!;
jyyrdamak v to ring, call Telefon
jyyrdaar. The telephone is ringing.;
alamak v to ring; aryldamak to
ring, jangle; zk 1 n ring altyn zk
gold ring nika zgi wedding ring
{jewelry}
rinse akamak 1 v to rinse (washing,
mouth), gargle (throat) geimleri suwa
akamak to rinse the washing;
yrpmak v to rinse (linen)
ripe bien 1 adj ripe bien gawun ripe
melon; kmil 1 [kmi:l] adj mature,

agzy bimek
ripe, complete, perfect Kmil alary
terbielp etidirmek ata-eneleri
mukaddes borjudyr. To raise a perfect
youth is a sacred duty of parents.
ripen bimek 2 v to ripen Almalar bidi.
The apples are ripe. Nahary bimegi
in wagt gerek. Almalar bidi. Gn
aagynda bidim. comp. agzy bimek ;
garalmak2 5 v to ripen zm em
garalypdyp. The grapes have already
ripen. comp. garalyp durmak ; kemala
gelmek 1 (comp. of kemal) v to ripen,
to be or become ripe zm agalary
yly dowamynda kemala gelr. Vines
are ready (to produce fruit) after three
years.
rise begelmek v to rise; be raised up, be
elevated Daglar kem-kemden begelr.
Mountains are gradually rising up.
Adam abra bilen begelr. A person is
elevated with respect.; dikelmek 2 v to
rise, stand up eriden dikelmek to stand
up; dogmak 1 v to rise (i.e. sun, moon)
Gn dogar. The sun is rising. Zhre
yldyzy dogdy. The planet Venus rose.
A dogdy, ne bulutlardan aa
grnmerdi. The Moon rose, but
because it was cloudy, it was not seen. ;
galmak2 2 [galmak] v to rise Bahalar
birden galdy. Prices rose suddenly. Gn
okary galdy. The sun has risen. er asty
suw okary galdy. Underground streams
have burst through.; gymmatlamak v
to rise in price, go up; okarlanmak 1 v
to rise, go up; to increase, grow up
girdeji okarlanar profits increase Onu
zhmet ndrijiligi okarlandy. His labour
productivity rose.
rise up out of poverty agzy aa etmek
(comp. of agyz) to begin a better life, to
rise out of poverty Kakam biznes iine
balanso, bizi agzymyz aa etdi. After
my father began his business, our life
improved.
rising dogu 1 n rising, rise gn dogy
sunrise Gn doguy Huday tebigatda
dreden i ajayp pezajlary birisi. The
sunrise is one of the most wonderful
sights in God's creation. Tze a
doguyny gorede ze sylmaly. When
you see the new moon you should
worship it.

256
risk twekgelilik risk
ritual dp 2 n rite, ceremony, ritual to
dbi wedding ceremony
rival bsde n rival, competitor bsde
alar young competitors
rivalry bsdelik n rivalry, competition
bsdelik etmek to compete (with in),
rival (in)
river dera [dera:] n river
Trkmenistanda b dera bar. There are
five rivers in Turkmenistan. dera porty
river port derasyna gark bolmak
road ol 1 [o:l] n road, track, way,
route, path olda durma get out of the
way ola dmek to set off, set out on a
journey uzak ol long journey, long way
ola ykmazdan before setting out iki
ol bilen dndirmek to explain in two
ways parahatylykly ol bilen in a
friendly way, peacefully Ikimizi
olumyz baga. Our ways of thinking are
different. ol grkeziji guide ol
grkezmek a) to show somebody the way
(to a place), give directions to b) to
guide ol gurluygy road construction
Ikimizi olumyz baga. Our way is
different. iki ol bilen dndirmek to
explain by two means olda durma!
Don't stand in the road! ol bermek a) to
let someone pass; make way for b) to
permit, allow, give opportunity ol
ugruna on the way (to) Ikimizi olumyz
bir. We are going the same way. ol
gzlemek to look for the way; to look for
the way out oldan ykmak to lose one's
way ol amak to force one's way
through; to make one's way in life
parahatylyk oly bilen gitmek z olu
bilen gitmek to go with your own way
ol tapmak to find a way, sort something
out Maa eke ol galar. There is one
way for me. Huda oly God's way (a
religious meal) [God's way: a lamb or
goat is sacrificed in order to remember
a deceased member of the family, to
give thanks for something, or to prevent
one's fate turning bad (i.e. to gain God's
favour).] comp. howa oly comp. ileri
ola salmak comp. maa eke ol
galar comp. Onu ii ol almady.
comp. Onu oly gowy. comp. oa
hemme ol ayk comp. z olu bilen

257

aylmak
gitmek comp. ol bermek comp. ola
salmak comp. oldan ykan comp.
olu(yz) ak bolsun! comp. oluy
urdurmak
roam gp-gonmak v to roam from
place to place, wander, move gpgonup rmek to constantly roam from
place to place
roar arryldy roar; gwwldi n roar, low
rumble, murmur, howling tolkunlary
gwwldisi roar of waves dezi
gwwldisi roar of the sea; aggyldy n
roar (of water etc.), flutter (of many
birds)
rob urmak 9 v to rob Jenaatylar gije
urmak in penjireden girdiler. In the
evening thieves got into the house
through the window, in order to rob it.
comp. agyz urmak comp. azm urmak
comp. hars urmak comp. Huda ursun!
comp. kk urmak comp. zi oda
urmak comp. rek urmak comp. sowuk
urmak tok urmak comp. urup amak
comp. ama urmak
robber basmay cf: galtaman. n robber,
bandit; galtaman cf: basmay. n
robber, bandit, member of a raiding
party olagylary talaan galtaman
bandits who attack travellers; garaky n
robber, brigand deiz garakylary searobbers, pirates ol garakylary path
pirates
robe halat2 1 n bride price, a long robe
pek halat silk robe durmua ykan
gyzy halady gift for the bride
rock akanmak v to rock, swing, reel,
stagger suw akanar the water flows
from side to side; jyns 2 n rock gaty jyns
solid layer dag jynslary layers, rocks,
beds, strata; yramak 1 cf: yralamak. v
to rock, swing sallanagy yramak to rock
a cradle; yranmak 1 v to rock, swing,
shake yranyp balamak to begin to rock;
yrgyldatmak v to rock, shake, swing,
move gently to and fro emal onu
sayny yrgyldatdy. Wind was blowing
her hair.
rocket raketa 1 [ra'keta] n rocket; missile;
flare; rocket kosmosa goberiln raketa
space rocket raketa gobermek to start/
launch a rocket/missile baramylyk

raketalary fireworks asmanda arylan

raketa
roguery kezzaplyk [kezza:plyk] n
roguishness, cheating, trickery kezzaplyk
etmek to cheat, swindle, lie men
Maksady kezzaplyk edndigini bilip,
gaharlandym we gaty grdm. I had
found Maksat was cheating on me and I
was angry and hurt Men Maksady
kezzaplyk edndigini bilip, gaharlandym
we gaty grdm. I had found Maksat was
cheating on me and I was angry and
hurt
role rol n role, part ba rol leading part
ba roly onamak to play the leading
part {theatre} comp. uly rol onamak
role_of_mullah
roll dolamak 1 v to roll, wrap, cover
agany gundaga dolamak to swaddle the
baby agany dolap daaryk alyp ykdyk.
We wrapped the child and took her
out. Sowgady dayna kagyz
doladyk,sora bant edip dadyk. We
wrapped the present and fastened a
bow. Nany saaga salyp dolap godum.
We covered the bread with a cloth.
Halyny hem palasy dolap gosa, erii
dwlmer. If you roll carpets and rugs
they will not damage. Kagyzy dolap
iine saldyk. We rolled a paper
and put it into the bottle. ; drlemek v
to roll up, roll halyny drlemek to roll
up the carpet Toa sowgat berilen
halylary drlp bura sp
goupdyrlar. They rolled up the carpets
and leaned them in the corner as a
present for the wedding party. azylgy
duran keeleri tomsyna drlp
goarlar. Rugs are rolled up in
summer.; togalamak v to roll up, roll
something; togalanmak v to roll top
k tarap togalanyp gitdi the ball rolled
into the street; tolkun atmak (comp. of
tolkun) v to roll (re. sea), [sea] billows
roll; amak1 1 [a:mak] cf:
aylmak. v to roll, roll out Men hamyr
amaga kde. I am good at rolling the
flour.
roll on top agdarylmak 1 [a:gdarylmak]
v to roll on top Piik iki ana agdarylar.
The cats are rolling on top of each
other.

oklaw aly gni

rolling-pin oklaw n rolling-pin Bizi
dkanymyzda her drli oklawlar bar.
There are different rolling-pins in our
shop. comp. oklaw aly gni
Romance roman1 1 [ro'man] adj
Romance roman dilleri Romance
languages {language group}
Romanic roman1 2 [ro'man] adj Romanic
{speaker of a Romance language}
Rome Rum [ru:m] n Rome (sem.
domains: 9.7.2.3 - Names of cities.)
roof tnk 1 n roof (of yurt), house bir
tngi aagynda aaarlar they live
under one roof (i.e. in one house); ek
n roof tamy egi roof of the house
Berdi tamy eginden ykylyp, aagyny
dwdrdi. Berdi fell down from the roof
of the house and broke his leg. {dial}
roofed apyk 3 adj roofed, covered apyk
furgon roofed van {grammar}
rook ruh2 [ru:h] n rook, castle {chess}

room hana 1 [ha:na] n room; nomer 4

['nomer] cf: belgi, legli, san, sany. n
hotel room myhmanhana nomeri room
number in a hotel; otag1 n room bir
adamlyk otag single room iki adamlyk
otag double room mugallymlar otagy staff
room z otagym my room, my bedroom
root dp 2 cf: fundament, esas. n root,
base of plant dp tutmak to put down
roots, get established ynary dbi gaty
ua gidr. The root of the plane tree
goes deep. Guran agajy kesmn dbi
bilen gopardylar. They uprooted the
dried tree instead of chopping it out.
Atam mellege on dp nar nahalyny ekdi.
My grandfather planted ten
pomogranate trees in the garden. Tze
eken gllerimiz dp tutupdyr. Our newly
planted flowers have taken root. Agyrly
diimi dbi berk bolanlygy sebpli
sogurman,bejerdiler. Because the root of
my aching tooth was immovable, the
dentist treated it instead of pulling it
out. comp. dbne etmek comp.
dbni tutmak comp. dp tutmak ;
kk2 n root; radical agajy kki the root
of a tree dii kki the root of a tooth
kk urmak to be rooted (in), to take root
kki bilen goparmak to uproot, to tear up
by the roots kk belligi radical sign

258
kwadrat kk square root kub kk cubed
root kk grkeziji root index
{mathematics}
rope day 1 n leash, lead, tether, rope;
tanap n rope, cord; p 1 n rope p
bilen damak to tie up Glni p bilen
damaly. The calf needs to be tied up.
{thick, for tying up baggage or animals}
comp. Onu pni stne odun goar
aly dl. comp. psz damak
rose bgl n rose bush, rose Glleri iinde
owadany bgl. The rose is the most
beautiful flower.
rot remek v to rot
rotation dolanyyk 2 n rotation (of
crops) ekin dolanyygy crop rotation
Salama tohum ekse,gowy suwarsa ekin
dolanyygy gowy bolar. If you sow a
chosen crop and water it well, your crop
rotation will be a success.
rotten rk adj rotten, rotted, going
rotten, decayed, putrid rk aga
rotting tree, rotten wood rk di
decayed tooth; lak 1 adj rotten, bad lak
umurtga rotten egg
roughly bary-ogy 1 (comp. of bar, ok)
roughly, approximately Aradan baryogy iki a gedi. Approximately two
months have passed since then.
roughness harsallyk [ha:rsallyk] n
roughness, untidiness, inaccuracy
harsallyk bilen roughly, inaccurately
route marrut cf: bellenen ugur. n fixed
route marrutly awtobus a bus which
follows a fixed route
row galmagal 2 n row galmagal etmek
make a row, kick up a row; goh 2
[go:h] n scandal, row goh turuzmak to
brawl, make a row; hatar2 n row, line,
rank, file birinji hatar front row hatarma
hatar row upon row hatara durmak line
up comp. adam hataryna gomak comp.
hatardan ykmak
royal lybas 1 [lyba:s] n royal costume,
clothes, attire, apparel; (best) outfit to
lybasy wedding clothes [these are one's
best clothes, or 'Sunday best']
rub almak 2 v to rub rek almak to
paint comp. arkasyny almak ;
owkalamak 1 v to rub with use of
hands; to massage gzi owkalamak to

259

pikir retmek
rub one's eyes; okamak v to rub,
massage arkay agaja okamak to rub
one's back against a tree
rubber rezin 1 [rezi:n] n rubber rezin
galo rubber galoshes/overshoes rezin
dik wellington boots, wellies rezin
senagaty rubber industry
rubber band rezin 2 [rezi:n] n rubber
band rezinli geim rubber clothing Onu
bilinde rezin bar ekeni. At his waist he had
a belt made from rubber.
rubbish zibil n rubbish zibil gutusy bin,
trash can; zir-zibil [zi:r-zibil] n
sweepings, dust (from the floor) Bizi
keleremizde bir zir-zibil hem ok. There
is no rubbish in our streets.; zyyndy n
rubbish, refuse, waste (products)
nmiligi zyyndylary industrial waste
Zyyndylary tzeden ulanmak wajypdyr.
It is important to reuse rubbish.
rubbish dump zibilhana [zibilha:na] n
rubbish dump, skip (dumpster) herde
rite zibilhanalar bar. There are special
rubbish dumps in the city. [the skip
(Brit) or dumpster (US) belongs to a
whole street or even area]
rude gdek adj rude, crude, coarse gdek
adam rude man gdek sz atmak to be
rude (to)
rug haly [ha:ly] n carpet, rug haly
dokamak to weave a carpet; halya
[ha:lya] n rug; kilim n flat woven rug
Eran kilimi aga poly apyp durdy. A
Persian rug covered the hardwood
floors.; palas [pala:s] n rug [a thin
patternless carpet or rug]
ruin azdyrmak [a:zdyrmak] v ruin, spoil,
allow to become infected; to tempt,
entice agany azdyrmak to spoil the
child arany azdyrmak to allow a wound
to become infected; garalamak 4 v to
ruin someone oldayy garalamak to
blame a friend
ruined harap 1 [hara:p] adj bad,
damaged, spoiled, broken, ruined,
destroyed harap bolmak (of foodstuffs)
go bad; (of teeth) decay, rot; get out of
order {fig}
ruins haraba [hara:ba] n ruins haraba
bolup atmak to be in ruins haraba
wrlmek to turn into ruins haraba
wrmek to reduce to ruins

rule agalyk [a:galyk] n rule, reign agalyk

etmek to rule autocratically
Trkmenistanda ruslar agalyk srdler.
The Russians ruled autocratically in
Turkmenistan.; hanlyk 1 [ha:nlyk] n
khan's power/authority, rule (of a
khan); hkmdarlyk [hkmda:rlyk] n
rule, authority, dominion, charge
hkmdarlyk etmek to rule (over), have
charge (over); kada 1 [ka:da] cf:
normal. n rule, law, regulation, norm
grammatik kadalar grammatical rules ol
hereketini kadalaryny berja etmeklik
bizi borjumyz. It is our duty to obey the
traffic laws.
ruler yzgy n ruler; dolandyryjy cf:
administrator. n ruler; han 1 [ha:n] n
khan, ruler (political) [a title given to
rulers and officials in Central Asia];
hkmdar [hkmda:r] n ruler,
sovereign, person in charge
rules kada-kanun [ka:da-ka:nu:n] n rules,
laws kada-kanunlara boun bolmak to
obey the rules; to obey the laws Bizi
urdumyzda halky bhbidi in tze
kada-kanunlar dredilr. In our country
new laws are promulgated for the
benefit of people.
rumble grrldemek v to rumble,
thunder, roar Gk gurrlder. It is
thundering.
rumour grr 2 n hearsay, rumour,
common talk grr aratmak to
spread a rumour, set a rumour abroad
biderek grr etmek to gossip, talk
foolishly comp. gep-grr ; my-my n
rumour my-my habarlar rumour
informations my-my grrler gossip,
rumour
run ylgamak v to run aak aldygyna
ylgamak to run at full speed Trgenler
mardan so aak aldygyna ylgap
baladylar. After the march, sportsmen
started to run at full speed.; ylgaw 1 n
run ylgawda bolmak to be running
ylgawy bilen running, at the double
Ylgap gidip gel! Go running!; retmek
3 cf: remek. v to run, start (up)
motory retmek to start up the engine
comp. pikir retmek
run alongside gapdallamak 2 v to go
alongside mayny gapdallap gitmek to

gahary gamak

260

run alongside a car kanaly gapdallap

gitmek go alonside of canal
run away gamak 1 v to run away, get
out of the way comp. gahary gamak
comp. gany gamak comp. kepi
gamak comp. uky gamak comp.
ysgyndan gamak
rural oba 2 [o:ba] adj rural, agricultural,
village oba hojalygy agriculture oba
hojalyky agriculturalist
Russia Orsyet cf: Russia. n Russia
Orsyet rn uly urt. Russia is very big
country. (sem. domains: 9.7.2.1 - Names
of countries.); Russia cf: Orsyet. n
Russia (sem. domains: 9.7.2.1 - Names
of countries.)
Russian ors cf: rus. n Russian Ors halky
dogruyl hasaplanar. Russian people are
concidered honest. (sem. domains: 4.1.2
- Types of people.); rus cf: ors. adj
Russian rus dilinde geplemek to speak
Russian rus gyzy Russian girl rus oglany
Russian boy (sem. domains: 3.5.3 Language.)

Russified orslaan adj Russified Bizi

herimizde orslaan trkmenler bar.
There are russified turkmens in our
town.
rust pos n rust pos baglamak to become
rusty
rustle ygyldamak v to rustle, rock Men
shrada otlary ygyldysyny dilp
atmagy halaaryn. I like to lie in a
valley listening to the rustle of grass.
rusty posly adj rusty posly rusty nail
ruthless birehim [bi:rehim] adj brutal,
merciless, ruthless, cruel, relentless;
ruthlessly Guwan rn birehim, ol it
piikleri urup, depip r. Guwanch is
really ruthless, he hits dogs and cats and
treads on them. Jenaaty birehim
adamlar edr. Criminals treat people
ruthlessly. Ejizi uryp, skn birehim
adamlar hudadan gorkanok.; rehimsiz
adj cruel(ly), ruthless(ly), merciless(ly)
Sen hawana rehimsiz bolma! Don't be so
cruel to an animal! Ol garydayna
rehimsiz darady. He treated his rival
cruelly.

Ss

s/he ol 1 Pronoun he Ol sakgalyny aldy. He

cut his beard.
sack ganar n sack; halta n sack, bag go
halta rucksack, haversack, knapsack, kitbag; kowmak 2 cf: kowalamak,
kowalamak. v to sack, to fire, to expel,
to dismiss, throw someone out iden
kowmak to sack (from work) okuwdan
kowmak to expel from the school comp.
ugruna kowmak
sacred keramatly 3 [kera:matly] adj
sacred, holy (sem. domains: 4.9 Religion.); mukaddes 2 adj sacred
mukaddes bor sacred duty
sacrifice gurban 1 [gurba:n] n sacrifice
gurban etmek to sacrifice Gurban Baram
Kurban holiday [at the end of the
Islamic year - celebrates Abraham's

willingness to sacrifice his son, and the

provision of the ram in his son's place];
gurbanlyk 1 [gurba:nlyk] n sacrifice,
offering to God; hudaoly 2
[huda:o:ly] n ritual sacrifice,
sacrificial offering, religious sacrifice
hudaoly goyun ldrrler a sheep is
killed as a sacrificial offering; pida 1
[pida:] n sacrifice pida etmek to sacrifice
(to), make a sacrifice (to) janyy pida
etmek to lay down one's life
sacrificial gurbanlyk 2 [gurba:nlyk] n
sacrificial
sad gamgyn [gamgy:n] adj sad;
gamgynlanmak [gamgy:nlanmak] v to
be sad/grieved/distressed biderek
gamgynlanmak to be sad for no
particular reason; gamlanmak v to be

261

duz iimek
sad, be mournful, be depressed; gamly
adj sad, sorrowful, melancholy gamly
bolmak to be sad gamly gyz sad girl;
gagyly 1 adj sad, melancholy,
sorrowful Ol rn gagyly He is in low
spirits. gagyly adym sad song gagyly
habar sad news; perian [peri:a:n] adj
sad, dejected, despondent; downcast,
upset, disappointed perian halda in low
spirits, dejected perian bolmak to be
sad, be despondent/dejected; tukat
[tu:kat] n sad
saddle eer n saddle; eerlemek v to
saddle aty eerlemek to saddle the horse;
gaa n saddle {for ass}; gaalamak
v to saddle eegi gaalamak to saddle
the ass; howut n camel saddle
saddlebag horjun 1 n saddlebag [Usually
put over a camel]
saddler howuty n saddler (for camels), a
person who makes camel saddles
sadness gam n sadness gam ekmek be
sad, be distressed/grieved gama batmak
to become sad gamyny imek to worry
about something; gamgynlyk
[gamgy:nlyk] n sadness; gamlylyk n
sadness, gloominess; tukatlyk
[tu:katlyk] adj sadness
safe abat 3 [a:ba:t] adj safe and sound Ol
deradan uzakda abat erde mekan tutdy.
He settled in a safe place away from the
river. abat solid house; aman 1
[ama:n] adj safe; gorkusyz 1 adj safe,
secure gorkusyz erde in safe place;
howpsuz adj safe, secure howpsuz er
safe place; sef n safe sefde saklamak to
keep in the safe
safe and sound aman-sag [ama:n-sag] cf:
sag-aman. adv safe and sound Meni
doganym gullukdan aman-sag geldi. My
brother got back safely from the army.;
sag-aman [sag-ama:n] cf: aman-sag.
adv safe and sound, healthy sag-aman
gelmek to arrive safe and sound
safety abatlyk 1 [a:ba:tlyk] n safety, lack
of damage Tupan abatlyk getirmez. A
hurricane is bound to cause damage.;
amanlyk [ama:nlyk] adv safety;
howpsuzlyk n safety, security
howpsuzlyk tehnikasy industrial safety,
accident prevention comp. dwlet

howpsuzlygy comp. howpsuzlyk

organlary comp. Howpsuzlyk Soweti
sail zmek 3 v sail Derni znde
elkenli gmiler zrdi. Yachts were
sailing at the river.
sailing elkenli gayk (comp. of gayk)
n sailing boat Deizde kn elkenli gayk
zp rdi. A lot of sailing boats were
at sea.
sailor gmii n sailor, seaman, boatman,
ferryman; matros [ma'tros] n sailor,
seaman Matroslar deiz flotynda yl
gulluk edrler. Sailers serve for three
years in the Sea flot.
saint pir 2 [pi:r] n patron saint awylary
piri the patron saint of hunters [the
guardian of a certain area of life]
sainthood welilik 2 [weli:lik] n sainthood
welilik derejesine etmek to reach the
sainthood degree Ol welilik bilen
adypdyr. he foretold us these things
welilik etmek to foretell welilik satmak
(hemme zady bilen bolmak) to behave
brainy
sake hak 3 n sake, benefit comp. hakhesip comp. hak-hukuk comp. hakhukukly comp. hakyny alyp bermek
comp. hakyy gidermek
salad salat [sa'lat] n salad salat etmek to
make salad
salami kolbasa [kalba'sa] cf: hlat. n
salami, cooked sausage biz irden kolbasa
we ipsi iris for breakfast we eat
sausage and chips; hlat cf: kolbasa. n
salami, cooked sausage
salary alyk 1 [a:lyk] n (monthly)
salary, wage, pay packet alyk zhmet
haky working wages
sale satuw n sale, selling loma satuw
wholesale; satymak cf: satmak. v sale
salt duz 1 [du:z] n salt Jebelde duz kni
bar. There is plenty of salt in Jebel.
Deiz duzy adamy suwy znde
saklaar. The salt in sea water helps a
person float. Himia sapagynda duz
kislotasyny reaksiasyny geirdik. We
studied the reactivity of hydrochloric
acid in our chemistry lesson. duza
atyrmak to put in salt water Hyar bilen
pomidory duza atyrdym. I put cucumber
and tomato into salt water. comp. duz

duz-tagam
iimek comp. duz-tagam comp. duzy
gaan comp. szi duzy ok comp.
arasyna duz sepmek ; duzlamak 1
[du:zlamak] v to salt hyary duzlamak to
salt the cucumber kelem duzlamak to salt
the cabbage Tomus zenanlar gya
taynlyk grp gk-nm duzlaarlar. In
summer women salt vegetables to
prepare for winter. ; duzly 1 [du:zly]
adj salt, salty, salted, pickled Nahar
duzly bolupdyr. The meal was salty.
orba gaty dyzly bolupdyr. The soup was
too salty. duzly suw salt water duzly
hyar salted/pickled cucumber Olewe
salada duzly hyar salmaly. Salted
cucumber must be added to the olive
salad.
salty or [o:r] adj salty, salted orja too
salty
salvage letde n salvage, utility waste, rag,
shred letde bolan mata rags
salvation gutuly n salvation
same edil 1 adv the same (as) edil gant
aly like sugar edil gant aly ak hem gaty
it is white and hard as sugar edil kakasy
aly as his father
same height boda 2 n with the same
height Oglum ene bir yldan meni bilen
boda bolup ser. In one more year my
son will have reached my height. Kii
jigim bilen boymyz boda, ol rn at.
sanach sana n sanach [a leather bag
used to store flour or grain]
sanction sanksia ['sanksia] n sanction,
approval sanksia bermek to give one's
sanction, approve
sand ge n sand
sandal aryk sandal
sandalwood sandal2 n sandalwood,
sandal sandal agajy sandalwood tree
(sem. domains: 1.5 - Plant.)
saphar sapar3 n saphar sapar ay the
month of saphar [the name of the
second Moslem month]
sapling nahal n sapling, young tree,
young plant alma nahaly young apple
tree nahal oturtmak to plant young trees
Satan etan [eta:n] n Satan
sated dokunmak v to be full, sated, be
filled

262
satellite hemra 1 [hemra:] n satellite
eri emeli hemrasy artificial earth
satellite
satisfaction kanagat 2 [kana:gat] n
satisfaction, pleasure kanagatlanmak to
be satisfied (with), manage (with)
Barymyza kanagatlanyp, Hudaa kr
etmeli. We should praise God and be
satisfaction what we have.; razylyk 1
[ra:zy:lyk] cf: razyylyk. n satisfaction,
contentment Ol barada uilini
direksiasyndan razylyk aldy. He took
satisfaction from the three year
management. Men baga ie z razylygym
bilen gedim. I changed jobs because I
wanted to. comp. razylyk bildirmek
satisfactory kanagatly 2 [kana:gatly] adj
satisfactory (for mark) Ol hemme
ekzamenlerinden kanagatlanarly baha
aldy. He got satisfactory marks in all his
exams.
satisfied gownho adj satisfied (with),
content (with), pleased (with) gownho
bolmak to be satisfied z-znden
gownho self-satisfied, pleased with
oneself; hoal 1 [hoa:l] adj satisfied,
content, pleased, satifactory hoal
bolmak to be satisfied (with) z-znden
hoal self-satisfied, pleased with oneself;
kayl 2 [ka:yl] adj satisfied (with),
pleased with kayl bolmak to be satisfied
(with)
satisfy kanagatlandyrmak 2
[kana:gatlandyrmak] v to make content,
satisfy
Saturday altynjy gn n Saturday; enbe
n Saturday {literary}
saucepan piti n saucepan
save dyndarmak 1 [dy:ndarmak] v to
save (someone from), deliver (someone
from) aladadan dyndarmak to save
someone trouble; saplamak2 3
[sa:plamak] v to cure; to save (from) siz
ony aladadan sapladyyz you have saved
him from trouble; ygnamak 2 v to
save
saved halas [hala:s] adj saved, rescued,
freed, delivered Men bu ilerden halas.
I'm saved from this work. halas etmek to
save, rescue halas bolmak to be saved,
be rescued

263

garaga elaglyk
savings amanat 1 n savings amanat
depderesi savings book comp.
amanadyny tabyrmak
savings bank amanat kassa (comp. of
kassa) savings bank
saw bognamak v to saw Guran agalary
bognamak in bygy alyp geldim. I
brought a saw to saw up the dried
wood. Azat tokadan getirlen agalary
bognamaga ykdy.; bygy n saw, hacksaw Satyn alan bygymyzy dii aman
iti. The teeth of the saw we bought are
really sharp. Alamyzy guran
ahalaryny bygy bilen kakam kesip
ayrdy.
saxaul ojar n haloxylon, saxaul lde ojar
gyyna odun hkmnde ulanylypdyr. In
the desert saxaul was used as wood in
winter. [a stunted tree which grows in
the desert and is used as firewood for
shish kebabs] (sem. domains: 1.5 Plant.)
say atmak 1 cf: adylmak. v to tell,
speak, say, pronounce szi harp bouna
atmak to spell out a word habaryy
atmak to tell news erteki atmak to tell
a story onu atmagy bouna according
to what s/he said; dimek 1 v to say,
tell, speak
say goodbye holamak v to say
goodbye, take one's leave, bid farewell,
say "au revoir" Olar uzak wagtlap
holayp durdular. They were a long time
saying goodbye to one another.;
razylamak 3 [ra:zy:lamak] v to say
goodbye Ol agda bilen razylamaly
boldy. He had to accept the situation.
Bele ert bilen razylamak bolmaz. It's
impossible to agree to that condition.
Olar harydy bahasynda razylamak
islemediler. They didn't want to agree to
the price of the goods. Men ol pikir bilen
razylaaryn. I agree with that
suggestion. Ol meni bilen razylady. He
agreed with me. Men ejem bilen
razylamaga etimedim. I didn't have
time to make my peace with my
mother.
scab kesmek1 1 n a scab kesmek bilen
rtlmek to be covered with a scab, for a
scab to form

scabbard gyn [gy:n] n scabbard, sheath

gylyjy gyny sword sheath gynyna salmak
to sheathe (a sword) gynyndan ykarmak
to unsheathe (a sword)
scale mber 3 n scale uly mberde in a
large scale kici mberde in a small scale
dn mberinde in a world scale
Kitaby mberi nhili? What is the size
of the book? Suw gyzanda, onu mberi
artar. When water heats the amount of
it increases. Suwy eterlik mberde
harlamaly. Water must be used enough
scale.
scales tee2 n scales (of a fish)
scandal gykylyk 2 [gy:kylyk] n scandal,
row
scapula kebze n shoulder-blade, scapula
kebzm batar there is a pain under my
shoulder-blade {anatomy}
scarcely zordan 2 [zo:rdan] adv hardly,
barely, scarcely Onu sesi zordan
eidilrdi. His speech was hardly
audible. Ol zordan gayp gutuldy. He had
a very narrow escape.
scare gorkuzmak v to scare, frighten
someone
scarecrow garantga n scarecrow,
bugbear, fright
scarf me n scarf [yellow & black
Iranian scarf]; me n lightweight scarf
[a white scarf worn only by women
over sixty-three years old or brides]
{colloq Saryk}; aglyk n scarf,
headscarf aglyk shawl kelle
aglyk damak to tie a headscarf on, to
put a headscarf on comp. garaga
elaglyk
scatter-brained aljyray 2 adj scatterbrained
scattered dagynyk [da:gynyk] adj
scattered; dispersed, sparse, spread out
Trkmenler dagynyk aapdyrlar.
Turkmen live widely separated from
each other.
scene sahna 2 n scene kiijik sahna small
scene
schedule grafik n schedule grafik bouna
ilemek to work to schedule, work
according to the schedule ol
hereketlerini grafigi timetable of auto
schedule

Alym bolmak asat, adam bolmak kyn

scholar alym 2 [a:lym] adj academic,
scholar say. Alym bolmak asat, adam
bolmak kyn
scholarly ylmy 2 adj scholarly ylmy igr
scientific worker ylmy aylar scientific
discoveries ylmy tadan scientifically
ylmy hikmet philosophy Ylmy kitaplary
okamak ayy sdrr. Scientific books
makes your mind grow. comp. ylmybarlag
scholarly check ylmy-barlag [ylmybarla:g] (comp. of ylmy) adj
scentific_research ylmy ileri (scentific)
research works Arheologlar Nusada
ylmy ileri geirrler. Archeologists do
research work on a Nissa.
school mekdep n school balangy mekdep
primary school orta mekdep secondary
school mekdep mugallymy school teacher
mekdebe gitmek to go to school mekdebi
tamamlamak to finish/leave school
science ylym 1 n science jemgyetilik
ylymlary social sciences, social studies
takyk ylmy-tehnikilar exact science ylmy
tema scientific topic Jemgyetilik
ylymlary ilat barada kp maglumatlary
berr. Social sciences give us a lot of
information about people.
scientific alym 3 [a:lym] adj scientific
say. Alym bolmak asat, adam bolmak
kyn ; alymlyk 1 [a:lymlyk] adj
scientific; ylmy 1 adj scientific Meni
kakam kp ylmy ileri azdy. My father
wrote many scientific books. comp.
ylmy-barlag
scientific-technical ylmy-tehniki adj
scientific, technical ylmy-tehniki
konferensia scientific-technical
conference Bizi urdumyz ylmy-tehniki
tadan sendir. Our country is developed
on scientific-technical side.
scientist alym 1 [a:lym] n scientist say.
Alym bolmak asat, adam bolmak kyn
scissors gay n scissors bag gaylar
secateurs
scold hekirmek 1 v to shout (at), to
(verbally) abuse, to scold; kemek cf:
kinmek. v to scold, to tell somebody
off, to rebuke, to reprimand ol maa
kedi He told me off. He rebuked me.;
rmek 2 v to scold, tell off Sen nme
naa rp dursu? Why are you telling

264
me off? say. It rer, kerwen geer
comp. rn itler dilemeler.
scorching jokrama adj burning,
scorching, blistering jokrama yssy
scorching heat Tomsuna Agabatda
jokrama yssy bolar. In summer the heat
in Ashgabat is scorching .
score baha 3 [baha:] cf: ek. n score,
mark Mugallym okuwa blik baha
gody. The teacher gave the pupil a
five.; geirmek 12 v to drive in, score
pkgini derwezeden geirmek to kick a
ball into the goal, to score badan
geirmek comp. biri-birinden geirmek
comp. bokurdakdan geirmek comp.
durmua geirmek comp. geirn
ilikler comp. gzden geirmek comp.
itden geirmek ; hasap 5 [hasa:p] n
(sport) score comp. hasap-hesip
scorpion ian [ia:n] n scorpion aryny
lde ian akypdyr. Chary was biten by
scorpion in the desert.
scoundrel deus [deu:s] n scoundrel,
blackguard, villain; haramzada
[hara:mza:da] n scoundrel, villain,
rascal; namart 2 [na:ma:rt] adj
scoundrel, villain; rascal; cowardly
namart adam villain Mert znden grer,
namart oldayndan (Nakyl). Brave man
does not blame anybody, but scoundrel
blames his comrade. comp. namart i
comp. namartlyk etmek
scrap dwk 3 adj broken, smashed
Dwk metal bleklerini plp metal
zawodyna tabyrdyk. We collected the
pieces of scrap metal and gave them to
the smelters.
scrape gyrmak1 2 v to scrape tagtany
pyak bilen gyrmak to scrape a board
with a knife; sypjyrmak v to scrape,
scratch
scratch dyrnaak 2 n scratch dyrnaak
yzy scratch (mark); gaamak v to
scratch esi gaamak to scratch a
nape.
screen ekran [e'kran] n screen, television
screw nurbat 1 n screw nurbaty towlamak
to screw nurbatly
screwdriver otwortka [at'wortka] n
screwdriver

265

ktip
script rift 2 cf: azuw. n script; azuw 2
cf: rift. n script, written language arap
azuwy arabic script
scriptures aat-twwir n the scriptures
sculptor hekeli cf: hekeltara. n
sculptor; hekeltara cf: hekeli. n
sculptor
scum kesmek1 2 n scum, remains gazany
kesmegi the remains left in a pot
scythe algy n scythe algy bilen ot
atyrmak to scythe grass algy day
scythe cover; orak 1 n scythe oragy
sapy scythe handle {large, two-handed}
sea deiz n sea Kaspi dezi The Caspian
sea deiz porty sea port
seagull arlak n seagull
seal peat2 2 [pe'at] cf: mhr. n seal
peat basmak to fasten with a seal, fix a
seal (to); urudyrmak 2 v {windows};
elmedirmek to seal something up
(eg, a letter) Men iki kagyzy elmedirip,
gl asadym. I made a flower sealing
two papers.
seaman deizi n seaman, sailor, marine
seamstress tikini n seamstress, dressmaker, tailor; tikini ussa (comp. of
ussa) tailor, seamstress Meli obamyzy
belli tikini ussasy, kp gyz-gelinler
knegini oa tikdirrler. Mengli is our
village's most well-known seamstress,
many girls and women get her to sew
dresses for them.
search agtary adv search, excavation;
barlag 2 [ba:rlag] n search jenaat
barlag topary criminal search team;
barlamak 3 [ba:rlamak] v to search
Olar leri barlamaga geldiler. They came
to search the houses.; gzleg 1 n search
bir zady gzleginde bolmak to be in
search of something; gzlemek v to
search, look for, seek; ideg 2 [i:deg] n
search idegine ykmak to go in search of
somebody/something, look (for);
seretmek 2 v to search for {dial}
searchlight alaw n searchlight, projector
alawy astynda onu zi ap-ak bolup
grndi. Under the searchlight his face
looked so white. {colloq} comp. alaw
aly
seashore deizi bounda cf: pla. n
seashore

season mwsm n season, period eki

mwsmi sowing season/period ol z
mwsmini geirdi his time/turn is up/
over gy mwsmi winter season az
mwsmi spring, spring season; pasyl n
season, time (of the year) az pasly
spring, spring time yl pasyllary seasons
seasonal mwsmlein adj seasonal
mwsmlein i seasonal work
seat mndrmek cf: mnmek. v to seat;
to set, put mayna mndrmek to help
somebody into a vehicle agany ata
mndrmek To mount child on horse.
secluded ola 1 adj secluded, solitary,
lonely ola er tapmak to find a secluded
place
second ikinji 1 second ikinji gn Tuesday
ikinjiden secondly; sekunt n second bir
sekunt garay! wait a moment, please!
second time ikilen 1 adj a second time,
for the second time ikilen soramak to
ask for the second time
secondary ikinji 2 secondary
secret assyrynlyk [assyry:nlyk] n secret,
covert; gizlin 1 [gizli:n] n secret,
mystery gizlin agent undercover agent
gizlin etmek to do something in secret;
gizlinlik [gizli:nlik] n secret, secrecy
gizlinlik bilen gelmek to come secretly
dokumenti gizlinlik gi secret limit of
document; ogryn [ogry:n] adj secret,
covert, clandestine ogryn baky covert
glance ogryn duuyk secret meeting
ogryn grr secret talk ogryn garamak
to watch on the quiet; pynhan
[pynha:n] adj secret, covert; secretly
pynhan duuyk secret meeting pynhan
syr secret; syr n secret, mystery syr
amak to reveal a secret; tilsim n secret
secretary ktip cf: sekretar. n secretary
Ktip ygnagy dokumentlerini balyga
gowurdy. The secretary passed the
documents of the meeting to the
chairman. ; sekretar [sekre'tar] cf:
ktip. n secretary, typist husuzy sekretar
personal/private secretary ygnagy
sekretary secretary of the meeting
general sekretar secretary-general Dwlet
sekretary Secretary of the State (in the
USA)
secretly assyryn [assyry:n] adv secretly,
stealthily, covertly assyryn soramak ask

oa gr
covertly assyryn i grmek to try to do
something secretly
sect mezhep n sect, branch, division
Hkmet dini mezhepleri yzarlaar. The
government persecute religion sects.
secular dnewi ['dne:wi] adj secular,
non-religious, worldly dnewi mekdep
secular school Dnewi mekdeplerde dini
sapaklar geilmer. There is no religious
education in secular schools.
security pjnilik n security, provision
(of, with) sosial pjnilik social security
deizileri pjnilik agday gowy
Seamen are well-provided for. pjnilik
blmi supply department sosial
pjnilik social provision
see grmek 1 v to see erbet grmek a) to
see badly/have poor eyesight b) to hate
agy grmek a) to see well/have good
eyesight b) to love (i.e. a person),
respect comp. oa gr
see off ola salmak 1 (comp. of salmak,
ol) to see somebody off; to regulate,
put right Men ony gapa enli ola saldym.
I saw him off until the door.
see what will happen grbermek v see
(what will happen), wait and see
Bagtymyzdakyny grbereris-d. We'll see
(what will happen).
seed tohum n seed
seeing that gr 2 post by reason (of), on
account (of), according (to), seeing
(that) meni pikirime gr in my opinion,
to my mind oa gr that's why,
therefore
seek agtarmak v to look for, search for,
seek
seem emeli 2 post seem, probably Ol bu
oglany tanaan bolmaga emeli. She
seems to know this boy. Ol emelemek
orun eeledi. Olar oat tany bolmaga
emeli. Bu gawun b kilo bar emeli.;
ykmak 5 v to seem Habar alan bolup
ykdy. It seems that the news is false.
comp. aradan ykan bolup ykmak
comp. atdan ykmak
seem brave batyrsyramak v to seem
brave
seemly gelikli 2 adj seemly, decent (e.g.
woman) gelikli gyz decent girl gelikli
adam handsome man

266
seer bilgi n seer, fortune-teller Men bilgi
adamlara ynanamok. I don't trust
fortune-tellers. zne bilgi din
adamlar kplen alany bolup ykar.
Those who claim to tell fortunes often
turn out to be swindlers.; weli2 1 [weli:]
n seer, prophet Oa weliler pata
beripdirler. The seers gave a blessing to
him. Ol Haka akyn duran weli bolupdyr.
He was seer close to God. [Foreteller of
the future rather than a prophet in the
Quranic or biblical sense.] {religious}
say. zni bilen weli
seize garbamak v to seize, snatch, grab,
snap elie ilen zady garbamak to grab the
first thing that comes to hand
seki seki n seki [a platform made from
baked clay, for sitting on and drinking
tea]
selected seilmek v to be selected, chosen
self eden-etdi n self-will, wilfulness,
arbitrariness
self controlled durumly 2 adj selfcontrolled, restrained, patient durumly
adam self-controlled person
self-control z erklilik n self-control
sell satmak cf: satymak. v to sell loma
satmak to sell wholesale blek-blek
satmak to sell retail satyp gobermek to
sell out; erledirmek 4 v to sell,
market haryt erledirmek to market
goods
sell oneself satylmak 2 v to sell oneself
send gndermek v to send, refer ie
gndermek to assign someone to work,
assign someone to post salam gndermek
to send one's regards; ibermek v to send
Men oglumy dazalaryna iberdim. I sent
my son to his aunt.; ugratmak 2 v to
send Meni ugradan hatym bir hepd
iinde barypdyr. The letter I sent was
delivered in a week. Joramy ejesine
azan hatynda menem ejesine salam
ugratdym. As my friend wrote a letter to
her mother, I sent my greetings as well.
Joramy ejesine azan hatynda menem
onu ejesine salam ugratdym. As my
friend wrote a letter to her mother, I
sent my greetings as well. ; ollamak 1
[o:llamak] v to send Maa hat olla.
Send me a letter. {letter, e-mail}

267

dowam etmek
senior priest ahun [a:hu:n] n senior
priest, Islamic scholar; ruhany
[ru:ha:ny:] n priest; ymam [yma:m] n
priest Bizi urdumyzda ymamlara uly
hormat goular. In our country priests
are widely respected. {Muslim}
seniority aululyk [a:ululyk] n
seniority aululyk mekdeplerini amak
hkmany. It is important to open
seniority schools.
sense mayz 2 n sense, meaning sz
mazy sense of a word {fig}; pahas 1 n
sense, wisdom pahas bilen sensibly
Myrat Nepes agany alaklygyny, pahas
bilen bern maslahatlaryny halasa-da...
Your brother Myrad Nepes' social skills,
saved by sensibly accepting this advice
of... pahas bilen grlemek to speak
sensibly pahas bilen reasonably; ugur 4
cf: ugruna. post sense, meaning,
method Onu adanlaryny ugry bar.
there is sense in what he says Onu
gepini ugry ok. His speech is
meaningless. {e.g. intellectual} ugruna
bolmak comp. ugruna ykmak comp.
ugur almak comp. ugur hayr bola!
comp. ugur tapmak
sensible pahasly adj wise, reasoned;
reasonable, sober-minded, sensible
pahasly bolmak to be sober, to be
sensible Adamzady pahasly aay
onu alyhezretleri Kitaby - Szi
keramatladyryp bilen zamanyndan
balanar. ?? pahasly emelemek to
approach something reasonably
sensitive wawwaly adv sensitive, painful
wawwaly mesele a sensitive issue
sentence hkm 2 n sentence, verdict
owuz hkm harsh sentence hkm
ykarmak to convict, pass sentence, to
sentence, issue a verdict hkmi erine
etirmek to carry out a sentence; szlem
n sentence {grammar}
separate aralamak [a:ralamak] v to
separate uruanlary arala to separate
the fighting people Ol sakgalyny
barmaklary bilen aralady. He is growing
a beard (long enough to comb
through).; aramak 1 [a:ramak] v to
separate comp. pursat aramak ;
ayrmak 3 v to separate aalyny
rinden ayrmak to separate a wife from

her husband; ayrymak v to separate,

get divorced; ze adj separate ze
aamak separate, solitary, detached,
isolated, independent; to live by oneself
Ol zni bizden ze tutar. He keeps to
himself.
separated blnmek 2 [b:lnmek] v to
be separated, be divided SSSR dargap,
garayz dwletlere blndi. The USSR
broke up and was divided into
independent states. Ekskursia gidemizde
b topara blndik. When we went on
the outing we were divided into five
groups. Toy ertesi gni geline ba
salynanda, gelin gyzlar blnip biri birini
garysyna grearler. ldki srimizden
b goun blnip, azayp mjeklere am
bolupdyrlar. say. Blneni bri ier
separately ara adj separately, apart
alawly dmek to be separated, fall
away from; ary adv apart, separately;
zbayna 2 [:zbayna] adv separately;
alone zbayna ja almak to get a
separate house
separation aralyk n separation, being
apart, parting, leave-taking aralyk
pursaty currently apart aralyk habary
news of leaving
September Ruhnama cf: sentabr. n
September [The Ruhnama, or "spiritual
writings", is a book published by
President Saparmurat Niazow; the
month is named in honor of this book];
sentabr cf: Ruhnama. n September
sequel dowam 2 [dowa:m] n sequel,
continuation; rest dowamy bar to be
continued konserti dowamy the
continuation of the concert u yly
dowamynda sometime later this year
Filimi dowamyny tzeliklerden so
grkezdiler. They showed the rest of the
film after the news. kitaby dowamy the
continuation of the book u romany
dowamy barmy? Does this film have a
sequel? Filmi dowamy ertir grkeziljek.
The rest of the film will be shown
tomorrow. Grri yzyny dowam edip
oturma. Do not continue the rest of the
talks. Gre indi dowam eder. The fight
will continue now. dowam etdirilmek
dowam etdirmek dowam etmek
sequence tirkeik sequence

badyna
serious agras 1 adj serious Agras hsiet
adamy bezer. A serious character
adorns a man.; agyr 4 adj serious SPID
agyr okan keseldir. HIV is a serious
infectious disease.; saldamly 2 adj
serious, reliable, sedate saldamly adam
reliable person {fig}; ymykly2 1 adj
serious Gel, ikimiz ymykly grleeli. Let's
have a serious talk.
seriously ynlaka adv seriously, gravely,
in earnest ynlaka grr ie ynlaka
apymak to start working seriously, set
to work seriously; pugta 2 adj serious,
thorough, careful; seriously, thoroughly,
carefully pugta taarlyk grmek to
prepare thoroughly iine pugta adam a
thorough worker Ol agzyna pugta, eke
sz hem atmaz. He's careful in what he
says, he won't say a word.
seriousness agraslyk adv seriousness
servant bende 1 n (God's) servant
Allatagalla bendesini zi gorasyn. Let God
Most High defend his servant.; gulluky
1 n servant; hyzmaty n servant otag
hyzmatysy chambermaid; hyzmatkr n
servant hyzmatkr aal maid, servant,
housemaid, maidservant
servant-hood orulyk [o:rulyk] n being
a servant, the fact of being a servant
Onu orulygy bellidi. It was well known
that he was a servant.
serve uzatmak 3 v to serve; to continue;
to accompany, to lead Myhmanla ne
nahar uzatdym. I served the meal to the
guests. {person, food}
service gulluk n service, national service
gulluk etmek to serve, to do (one's)
national service esgerlik gullugynda while
a soldier is doing his national service;
gullukylyk n (in) service, post or
position of servant/employee; hyzmat 1
n service, favour hyzmat etmek to serve,
serve (as something) husga bolup hyzmat
etmek to serve as an example Nme
hyzmat? What can I do for you? birini
hyzmatynda bolmak to be at one's service
sesame knji n sesame (seeds) knji agy
sesame oil Knji agyna palaw has sji
bolar. Pillau made with sesame oil is
more delicious. (sem. domains: 1.5 Plant.)

268
set agmak 2 [a:gmak] v to set Gn leden
agdy. The sun is setting.; batmak 2 cf:
badyna. v to set Oraza aynda gn
batandan so agyz aylar. During the
month of Ramadan after the sun has set
we break our fast.; salmak 7 cf:
salynmak2. v to set, put in di salmak to
have a denture put in suraty ramka
salmak to frame a picture comp.
abradan ayrmak comp. aldawa
salmak comp. bilmezlige salmak comp.
di salmak comp. duzaga salmak comp.
sala salmak comp. tertibe salmak comp.
yzyna it salmak comp. ola salmak ;
toplum 3 cf: kompleks. n complex, set;
amak1 v to set Gn ady. The sun has
set.
set about girimek 2 [gi:rimek] cf:
girmek. v to begin, set to do something,
set about doing something ie girimek to
enter (a certain type of) work ilis dilini
wrenmge girimek to start to learn
English
set light to otlamak1 1 [o:tlamak] v to set
light (to), set fire (to), ignite otlupi
otlamak to strike a match ilimi otlamak
to light a cigarette; akmak1 3 v to
light, set light (to) ot akmak to light a
fire, kindle a fire Gabyrystanda ot
akmak hem batyldyr. Lighting a flame is
also not allowed in a graveyard. comp.
iini akmak comp. janyy akmak
comp. mallary suwa akmak ; akmak2
v to set light to, turn on Men gyzykly
kino grmek in telewizory akdym. I
turned on TV to watch an interesting
film.
set off rowana bolmak [rowa:na bolmak]
to set off, start, move ola rowana
bolmak to set off on a journey
settle kmek 1 v to settle (e.g. earth)
Meni aak basan erim kdi.;
tutmak (comp. of ) to settle
(somewhere); erlemek 7 v to settle
Han bu erde derany kenarynda
erledirdi. The khan settled them here
on the banks of the river.
settle up hasaplamak [hasa:plamak] v
to settle up, settle accounts, be quits,
pay out
settled oturymly adj sedentary oturymly
halk settled people

269

yralamak
settlement hak-hesip 1 (comp. of hak,
hesip) n settling (with), settlement hesip
geirmek to settle (with); here n
village, settlement
settling hak-hesip 2 (comp. of hak,
hesip) n settling (with); hesip n settling
comp. hak-hesip
seven edi num seven edi puduna enli
bilmek to know one's ancestors up to the
seventh generation comp. edi gapyda
er tapmadyk
seventh edinji seventh Men hatarda
edinji bolup durdum. I was seventh in a
line.
seventh heaven ary n Seventh Heaven
ara etmek to go to the heights [the
highest circle of heaven] {religious}
comp. ara cykarmak
seventy etmi num seventy Meni enem
etmi aynda. My grandmother is
seventy years old.
several birne adj several; birtopar n
many, several; telim adv several, a few
severe gazaply 2 adj severe, grim uru
gazaply yllary the grim years of war ;
owuz 1 adj severe, hard, stern owuz
gnler hard days owuz hkm harsh
sentence owuz jeza severe punishment
owuz synag stern test uru owuz
yllary difficult years of war; zalym 2
[za:lym] adj severe, cruel Bu zalym
adam, hi hili rehim-epagat etmer. This
is cruel man, he never does mercy.
sew atmak 1 v to sew lnegi iliginiw
atmak to sew a button onto a shirt ilik
atmak; ekmek1 10 [ekmek] v to sew,
embroider Ol gyz ejesine ekipdir. comp.
ah ekmek comp. ahmyr ekmek comp.
aak ekmek comp. ejir ekmek comp.
el ekmek comp. gam ekmek comp.
hasrat ekmek comp. hor ekmek comp.
jeza ekmek comp. kep ekmek comp.
kynylyk ekmek comp. nala ekmek
comp. zhmet ekmek ; dakmak 1 v to
sew on, fasten, attach penjege ilik
dakmak to sew a button on a coat elie
zk dakmak to put on a ring orden
dakmak to decorate
sewerage akaba 2 [aka:ba] cf:
kanalizasia. n sewerage, drainage
akaba sistemasy sewers, drainage system;

kanalizasia [kanali'zasia] cf: akaba.

n sewerage, drainage kanalizasia
sisitemasy sewer system, drainage
system Bizi herimizde kanalizasia
gowy iler. The sewage system is
working well in our town.
sewing tikin stitch; sewing
shade klege n shade, shadow klegede
durmak to stand in the shade; saa 1
[sa:a] n shade
shadow sudur n shadow, silhouette
shake ellemek v to shake hands, greet
(touch each other); hallanlamak
[halla:nlamak] v to shake, rock, swing,
sway; hallanlatmak [halla:nlatmak] v
to shake, rock, swing sallanagy
hallanlatmak to rock the cradle el
agalary hallanlatar. The wind shakes
the trees.; salmak 4 cf: salynmak2. v to
beat, shake umruk salmak to shake
one's fist, beat with a fist comp.
abradan ayrmak comp. aldawa
salmak comp. bilmezlige salmak comp.
di salmak comp. duzaga salmak comp.
sala salmak comp. tertibe salmak comp.
yzyna it salmak comp. ola salmak ;
sarsdyrmak 1 cf: sarsmak. v to shake,
tremble, rock kki bilen sarsdyrmak to
shake/rock to its foundation;
sarsdyrmak 2 cf: sarsmak. v to shake
bu habar dnni sarsdyrdy this news
shook the world {fig}; sarsmak cf:
sarsdyrmak. v to shake, rock, tremble;
silkmek 2 v to shake Men donumy
syyny silkip... I shook out the folds of
my robe...; yralamak cf: yramak. v to
shake el agalary yralaar. Wind shakes
the trees.; yramak 2 cf: yralamak. v to
shake agajy yramak to shake the tree
kelli yramak to shake one's head Ol
kellesini yralap, zni razydygyny
bildirdi. Bowing his head, he showed
that he was agree.; akamak v to
shake, swing, rock kelli akamak to
shake one's head
shaking lerzana [lerza:n] adv shaking
lerzana getirmek to shake, tremble;
sarsgyn n shaking, tremor, shock er
asty sarsgynlar undergroud tremors
shallow alpak 1 adj shallow alpak
dera shallow river

ayby ok
shallow(s) sa adj shallow(s) derany
sa eri a shallow part of the river
shaman porhan [porha:n] n shaman
porhan bolmak to be a shaman
shame ayp n shame, infamy, disgrace
ayp sz shaming word Isiz oturmak
ayp. It's shameful to sit without work.
Garyplyk ayp dl. Poverty is not a
disgrace/shame. comp. ayby ok
comp. aybyy yayrmak ; haa [haa:]
n shame haa etmek to be ashamed (of);
masgaraylyk adv shame, shamefulness
uly masgaraylyga gomak to disgrace
someone Nhili masgaraylyk! What a
shame!, what a discredit!; namys 2
[na:mys] v shame, dishonour namys
getirmek to bring disgrace; to dishonour
Meni oglum ogurlyk edip, magalamyza
namys getirdi. My son brought shame on
the family by stealing. namysa gomak
to disgrace, shame, dishonour someone
Sen bizi namysa goma. Do not disgrace
us. namys etmek to shame someone,
humiliate someone comp. namysyna
degmek comp. namysyny depgilemek ;
namysyny depgilemek (comp. of
namys) to shame, humiliate Dumanlar
halky namysyny depgilediler. The
enemies humiliated the people.; nlet 2
n shame Sen aramaz i edip, magalaa
nlet getirme. Don't bring shame on your
family by behaving badly.; erim n
shame, embarrassment; utan 2 n
shame Utan bolar gyz halyna kaka
anynda aplanyp atsa. it would be
shame, to girl to lay in your dad's
presence Trkmeni z dbini bilmese
saa utan dlmi? not knowing your
own Turkmen traditions would be
shame to you; utandyrmak 1 v to
shame Daym maa agakam telewizor
grip atman ejeme kmek etmeli diip
meni utandyrardy. In childhood, my
uncle shamed me saying I mustn't lie
watching TV, but must go to help my
mother. Ussat girdini, sazy gowy
almyandygyny adyp kpligi iinde
utandyrdy. Master ashamed his student
in crowd, saying that he didn't play the
melody well.
shameful masgara adj shameful,
disgraceful, not to a person's credit
masgara bolmak to be discredited, be

270
disgraced, be shamed masgara etmek to
discredit (someone), insult (someone),
to cause (someone) shame; wejera
[wejera:] adj shameful, disgraceful,
infamous, ignominious wejera i
shameful action wejera bolmak to
disgrace oneself wejera etmek to
disgrace, defame, discredit, to put to
shame wejera etmek to put in a shame
Gyz bu igidi wejera etdi. Girl put him in
a shame. Ol balygy stnden dp, ony
wejera etdi. He offended his boss and
disgraced him. wejera bolmak to be in
shame wejera bolup gamak run away in
shame Onu st-bay yrtykdy, wejera
bolup barardy. His outfit was torn and
he was walking disgracefully.
shameless binamys [bi:na:mys] adj
shameless. impudent, brazen, insolent
binamys adam shameless man Binamysa
gnde baram, gnde to. For one who is
shameless every day is good for him. i.e.
he is never ashamed. For one who is
shameless everyday is a festival, every
day a celebration. (sem. domains:
3.5.4.2 - Saying, proverb.); haasyz
[haa:syz] adj shameless, impudent,
insolent, impertinent haasyz adam
impudent fellow; imansyz 2 [i:ma:nsyz]
adj shameless; scandalous Trkmen
halky imansyz adamy halamaar. The
Turkmen nation do not like the
shameless person {colloq}; utansyz adj
shameless, barefaced Utansyz biheppe
arakhorlar arak iip masgara bolup orler.
Shameless alcoholics were drinking
alcohol and put themselves in shame.
Gl aly ene-atadan ele utansyz
melgunam drr eken. It turns out that
really nice parents have produced such
an evil child.
shameless person zgara n shameless
person Ol zgara m ada, barybir
tgemez. Teach shameless person
thousand times, but he will not change.
shape forma 1 ['forma] cf: grn,
galyp, standart, li. n shape, form ar
formasynda ball-shaped
shaped ekilli 1 adv -shaped (e.g., ballshaped) silindr ekilli cylinder-shaped ar
ekilli ball-shaped

271

gara donly bolmak

share aksia 1 ['aksia] n a share
{finances}; hak 6 n share, part, portion,
lot, payment, installment meni hakymy
ber to give my share mirasdan hakly
bolmak to have a share of the
inheritance/estate comp. hak-hesip
comp. hak-hukuk comp. hak-hukukly
comp. hakyny alyp bermek comp.
hakyy gidermek ; nesibe 1 [nesi:be] n
share, part, portion Bu meni nesibm.
This is my share.; pa 1 [pa:] n share,
portion Ynha bu seni pay. Here is
your share.; rik 1 n share, division,
piece riklik dereje combined reciprocal
voice; le n share, part, portion maly
etini le edip palamak to share meat as
a portion; lemek v to share, to divide
up lp bermek to share out
share out palamak 1 [pa:lamak] cf:
palamak. v to share, divide (up) iki
palamak to halve, go halves de
palamak to divide into equal parts;
palamak 1 [pa:lamak] cf:
palamak. v to share (out), divide (up)
Olar almany de palayp idiler. They
are dividing the apple up equally to eat
it.
shareholder aksioner [aksio'ner] n
shareholder; maadar [ma:ada:r] n
shareholder, stockholder maadarlar
jemgyeti joint-stock company; pay
[pa:y] n shareholder; pada
[pa:da] n shareholder
sharp duzly 2 [du:zly] adj sharp, stinging
onu dili duzly she has a sharp tongue
sharpen almak 1 v to sharpen pyagy
almak comp. arkasyny almak ;
arlamak v to sharpen, grind pyagy
arlamak to sharpen the knife; diemek
[di:emek] v to sharpen bygyny diemek
to sharpen the saw Ussa bygyny dip,
agajy kesdi. After the carpenter
sharpened the saw, he felled the tree.;
iteltmek cf: itilemek. v to sharpen
pyagy iteltmek to sharpen a knife
sharpness itilik 1 n sharpness pyagy
itiligi sharpness of a knife
sharp-sighted iti 5 adj sharp, sharpsighted Onu gzi iti He has a sharp
eye. comp. iti zehinli comp. iti-iti

sharp-sightedness itilik 5 n sharpsightedness gz itiligi sharpsightedness

shave syrmak [sy:rmak] v to shave sakgal
syrmak to shave off one's beard
shawl don 2 [do:n] n shawl, mantle
comp. ajal donyny gemek comp. dony
biilmek comp. gara donly bolmak ; al
[a:l] n shawl; apynja 2 n shawl
apynja atynmak to cover one's head
with a shawl
she ol 2 Pronoun she Ol owadan knek
satyn almaly. She should buy a beautiful
dress. Ol ok aly bolup geip gitdi. He
passed by in a flash. Ol akyly jgi. He
is as wise as Solomon. Myrat kyn
meseleleri zp bilr, ol akyly jgi.
Myrat can solve difficult issues, he is as
wise as Solomon.
shearer gyrkymy n shearer, one who
shears
sheaves hoa2 [ho:a] n sheaves of wheat
(after harvest-time) hoa plemek to
gather in the sheaves
sheep goun n ewe, sheep {f}
sheep dog alaba n sheep dog, alabay [a
breed of large, white, sheepdog bred in
Turkmenistan]
sheep farmer dowary n sheep farmer
Dowary mallaryny gua tarap srdi. A
sheep farmer took his herds to the well.
sheep farming dowarylyk n sheep
farming dowarylyk hojalygy sheep
farmstead
sheer dik 1 adj sheer, vertical, steep dik
yzyk vertical line dik durmak to stand
upright
sheet rtk 1 n sheet buz rtgi sheet of
ice; prostyn n sheet, bed-sheet, linens
ak prostyn white sheet
shelf tekje n shelf kitap tekjesi bookcase,
book shelf
shell gabyk 1 [ga:byk] n shell
umurtgany gabygy egg-shell; top 2 n
projectile, shell
shelter buky n shelter, cover, dug-out
Uruda gelin gyzlar we agalar bukuda
atyp halas bolardylar. In the war girls
and children used to hide in a shelter
and were saved. Goymyzy jay

bukuda oturmak
ananda, kii ogly gorkyjyna bura
bukulyp zordan tapyldy. comp. bukuda
oturmak comp. buky er ; atma n
shelter (from sun etc.); gaybatalga cf:
gaalga. n shelter Garagum li kpler
in gaybatalga bolupdy. Garagum
desert was a refuge/shelter for many
people.; pena 1 [pena:] n shelter, cover,
refuge pena bermek give someone
shelter, accommodate pena tapmak to
find/take shelter/refuge, take cover;
penalamak 1 [pena:lamak] v to shelter,
give shelter/refuge (to)
shepherd opan n shepherd
sherbert erbet n sherbert
Shia ay n Shia, Shi'a; shiite
shield galkan n shield
shifting rgn adj shifting, loose rgn
ge quicksand, soft sand
Shiite ehit2 [ehi:t] n Shiite {religious}

shine alarmak [a:larmak] v to shine,

glitter, sparkle (e.g. eyes) Ol gyza alaryp
galdym. I looked at the girl with starry
eyes.; lowurdamak 1 v to shine, glare,
glitter, sparkle Ot lowurdaar. The fire is
burning brightly; hlelenmek v to
shine ??; aldyramak 1 cf:
alpyldamak. v to shine, gleam, glitter,
sparkle, twinkle Onu malaynda gyzyl
yldyz aldyrap dur. The gold star on her
forehead sparkled.
shine red gyzarmak 3 v to shine red Gn
gyzaryp grnr. The sun shines red.
shining rwen 1 adj shining, glittering,
sparkling rwen gzler shining eyes;
aldyrawuk adj shining, bright,
sparkling, glittering aldyrawuk gzler
sparkling eyes aldyrawuk yldyzlar
shining stars
shirt knek 1 n shirt; a man's collared
shirt iki knek vest Men kakamy
doglan gnne knek satyn aldym. I
bought a shirt for my father for his
birthday. comp. otly knek gemek
comp. z knegi z tenie akyn ;
oglan knek cf: rubaka. shirt Men
kakamy doglan gnne knek sowgat
etdim. I gave shirt for my father's
birthday as a present.; rubaka cf:
oglan knek. n man's collared shirt
shish kebab ilik [i:lik] n shish kebab

272
shiver gagamak v to shiver, tremble,
quiver, shake sowukdan aa gagamak
to tremble/shiver with cold gorkudan
aa gagamak to tremble/shake with
fear p gagamak shake from cold;
emek v to shiver, shake Men erin.
I'm cold. sowukda emek shiver from
the cold Meni elim er. my hands
are cold
shock tisgindirmek v to shock
shoe pamak1 n shoe, boot tze pamak
new shoe
shoemaker diki n shoemaker
shoes kw n shoes, footwear kw
dkany shoe shop kw bejeriln er
shoe repair shop kwi slipper
shoot atmak 1 v to shoot adan ok atmak
to shoot an arrow Pukini Dantes atdy.
Dantes shot Pushkin. kk atmak to dart
{sewing}; gmek 3 v to shoot Tpe
gmedi. The rifle misfired.
shop atele 2 [atel'e] n dressmakers,
tailors geim atelesi clothes tailor;
dkan 1 [dka:n] n shop, store, kiosk
haryt satylan dkan shop merchandise
rek dkandan gyzgyn rek satyn alyp
bolar. Hot bread is sold at the bakery.
krhana dkany factory shop Krhana
zne degili bolan dkanda z nmini
satar. A factory sells its products in its
own shop. {Brit}; palata 4 n shop,
house kitap palatasy book shop {firm,
company}
shopkeeper dkany [dka:ny] n
shopkeeper; dkandar [dka:nda:r] n
shopkeeper
shore kenar 1 [kena:r] n shore, beach,
seashore, bank dezi kenary seashore,
beach derany kenarynda on the river
bank kenara etmek to reach land
kenarda ashore, on shore
short gysga [gy:sga] adj short gysga boly
adam dumpy/tubby person comp. eli
gysga ; kelte 1 adj short (in stature or
length) kelte boly undersized, shortish
kelteboly adam undersized person
comp. kelte etmek ; shel adj short
shel menzil a short distance
shortage azlyk [a:zlyk] shortage; dellik n
shortage, scarcity kbir harytlary delligi
scarcity of some commodity; gytylyk n

273

regii baglamak
shortage, deficiency angyjy gytylygy
fuel shortage gytylyk ekmek to be in
want, be in need (of)
shortcoming nogsan [nogsa:n] cf:
nogsanlyk. n shortcoming,
imperfection, defect kitapdaky
nogsanlary dzetmek to correct defect in
the book
shortcomings kemilik n shortcoming,
inadequacy, drawback, defect,
deficiency kemilikleri ze ykarmak to
reveal shortcomings kemiligi dzetmek
to improve various defects beden
kemiligi deformity, physical defect
Kemiliksiz adam ok. No one is without
shortcomings.
shorten gysgaltmak 1 [gy:sgaltmak] v to
shorten, reduce gysgaldylan goma sz
abbreviation
shorter kemter 2 adj shorter seni bou
onukydan kemter gelr you are shorter
than him
shortness peslik 1 n shortness onu boy
peslik edr he is short
shot garsyldy n shot garsyldy edildi. A
shot rang out.
shoulder igin2 n shoulder iginlek igit
broad-shouldered fellow (sem. domains:
2.1 - Body.); gerden n shoulder gerdeni
bilen ekmek to carry someone on one's
shoulder gerdenide gtermek to carry on
the shoulder
shoulder blade pile 2 [pi:le] n
shoulder-blade pile ski shoulderblade; the scapula {anatomy}
shoulders egin 1 n shoulders egin-eik
clothes ep egin left shoulder sag egnie
atmak to lie on one's right shoulder
comp. bir egne comp. egin bermek
comp. egin egne kakmak comp. eginegne bermek comp. egine atmak comp.
egni bilen ekmek comp. egniden
gum sowur comp. egnii gysmak/
ygyrmak
shout goh 1 [go:h] n loud noise, shout;
gygyrmak 1 cf: gygyrymak. v to
shout, cry gaty gygyrmak to cry/shout
loudly; gygyrymak cf: gygyrmak. v to
shout, cry, or make a noise at each
other; hekirmek 2 v shout, cry, roar

show alamak 3 v to show gelen

myhmanlary bazara alamak to show
guests which have come round the
market srini yzyna alamak to bring
sheep/goats back in from the pasture;
grkezmek 1 v to show, demonstrate,
put on grkeziji tagta time-table tze
oun grkezmek to put on a new play
shower du1 [du:] n shower dua girmek
to take a shower dua dmek to take a
shower
showing grkezi 1 n showing,
demonstration tze film grkezi showing
of a new film
shown grkezilmek 1 v to be shown, be
displayed Dn okuwylara tze film
grkezildi. A new film was shown to the
pupils yesterday.
shrill irkin adj shrill, sharp, piercing
irkin ses a shrill voice irkin gygyrmak
to cry in a shrill voice
shrine wl 2 n shrine {saint}
shrink girmek 3 [gi:rmek] cf: girimek. v
to shrink Mata giripdir. The material has
shrunk. comp. de girmek comp. jan
girmek comp. sana girmek
shroud
shroud, grave clothes kepen n shroud
kepene dolamak to cover in shrouds,
wrap in grave clothes
shudder tisginmek 2 v to shudder, wince,
flinch
shuffle garmak 2 [ga:rmak] cf:
garjamak. v to (cards) shuffle comp.
tozana garmak
shut apmak 1 cf: apymak. v to close,
shut gapyny apmak to close the door
comp. gol apmak comp. Tamdyra
gyzanda ap.
shut off baglamak 3 [ba:glamak] v to
shut off, fence ollar remont edilende,
da-tweregini baglaarlar. When they
repair the roads they shut them off from
outside traffic. Mallar mellege girip
smligi zaalamazlygy in, mellegi
tweregini baglaarlar. When domestic
animals enter the field they fence the
field in to stop them harming the plants.
comp. bil bagla comp. regii
baglamak

nho
shutter amak2 2 n shutter

shy ekinje adj shy, bashful, retiring;

dili gysgalyk (comp. of dil2)
withdrawn, shy, introverted, quiet
Serdary kakasy arakhordygy sebpli
klasdalaryny anynda dili gysgady.
Serdar was withdrawn in the presence
of his classmates because his father is a
drunk.
shy, worried gysynja adj shy, inhibited
gysynja adam worried person
sibling dogan 1 n sibling i.e. brother or
sister aal dogan (married) sister gyz
dogan older sister uly dogan older
brother; older sister Menden uly iki sany
erkek doganym bar. I have two older
brothers. Menden uly gyz doganym meni
joram aly,bar syrymy oa adaryn. My
older sister is like a friend, I tell all my
secrets to her. Aal doganymy iki sany
agasy bar. My sister has two children.
sick hassa adj sick, ill, unhealthy; patient
hassa bolmak to be ill; kesel adj sick
kesel bolmak to be ill, be sick kesel adam
sick man; nsag 1 cf: nho. n the sick,
sick person Tebip dag otlary bilen
nsaglary bejerr. The folk doctor heals
sick people with mountain herbs.;
nsag 2 cf: nho. adj sick, unhealthy;
syrkaw 1 n sick person; syrkawlamak
v to be sick, be ill, fall ill
side bele 2 adj side, other side
Mekdebimiz demir olu bele znde
erler. Our school is on the other side
of the railway line. comp. bir elesine,
bir belesine gemek ; bwr n side,
flank ep bwrm sanjyp oturyp turamda
agyrar. If I sit pressing on my left side
when I stand up it hurts. Bir erik gaty
ylgasam iki bwrmem sanjyp balaar.
Tze galdyrlan jay bir bwri at
aypdyr. Atam mydama tamy dbine
geip bwrini diledip oturardy. comp.
bwri bkgldili comp. bwrni
dilemek ; bykyn n side Elii bykynya
urup durmada, gelde dograma nanyny
dogra. Trkmenlerde zenan magala elini
bykynyna ursa halananok.; ele
geirmek (comp. of ele) that side Ol
elede aaar. He lives on that side. ele
tarapyna wrmek to turn to another
side elesine seretmek to look at another

274
side; gapdal 1 n side Ol sag gapdalyna
ykyldy. he fall over to right side; gyra
2 n side; ugur 5 cf: ugruna. n side,
verge olu ugry the roadside, verge
olu ugrunda on the verge of the road
Ol size hasy ugurdan garynda? From
which side is he related to you? Ol bizi
day ugrumyzdan bolmaly. He must be
from our uncle's side. ugruna bolmak
comp. ugruna ykmak comp. ugur
almak comp. ugur hayr bola! comp.
ugur tapmak ; anba [a:nba] n side
Jesedi sag anbayna atyryp zni
kybla goarlar. They lay the corpse on
its right side and facing the south-west.
{anatomy}
side-by-side el-ele bermek (comp. of el)
side-by-side El-ele berip joramyza agyr
gnnde kmek etdik. We stood side-byside with our friend and helped her in
her day of need.
sideways gapdallayn adj sideways
gapdallayn durmak to stand next to
someone; anyn [a:ny:n] adj sideways
anyn remek to sidle anyn atmak to
lie on one's side
siege gabaw 1 [ga:baw] n siege, blockade
gabawa dmek to be encircled, be
hemmed in on all sides gabawdan
ykmak to break out of a siege
sieve elek n sieve; szg 1 n sieve,
colander
sift elemek v to sift un elemek to sift flour
sight gr n sight, eyesight, vision gr
organy organ of sight; nazar 1 cf:
nukdanazar. n sight, look nukda
nazar point of view, conception Ol
bheli nazary bilen seretdi. She watched
with an uncertain look. nazar alamak
to look back nazardan sypdyrmak to
loose sight of; to ignore Awy slgni
nazaryndan sypdyrmady. The hunter did
not loose sight of the pheasant. nukda
nazardan according to nazary dmek to
notice something nazar salmak to look
at, cast a glance/look (at); to favour
nazaryy dikmek to gaze (at), stare (at)
nazarda tutmak to take into
consideration; to gaze (at), stare (at)
comp. nazar dikmek comp. nazar
kaklymak comp. nazara almak

275

sada szlem
sign alamat 1 [ala:mat] n sign ayrmak
alamaty minus sign gomak alamaty plus
sign; nyan 1 [nya:n] n sign;
indications keseli nyany symptom
nyan bolun hyzmat etmek to be a sign
(of) bahary nyany sign of spring; m n
sign, mark, signal, gesture m etmek to
give a sign, to give a signal me dmez
akmak whoever does not understand the
signal is mad
signal yarat [ya:rat] n signal, sign
yarat etmek to give a signal Ol bize
yarat edip, nir gitmelidigini grkezdi. He
showed us where to go by giving us
signals.
signaller aragatnayky [a:ragatnayky]
n signaller, communications engineer,
radio operator
signature gol2 2 n signature gol gomak/
ekmek to sign, put one's signature gol
ekilen dokument signed document
comp. gol apmak
significance hmiet n significance,
importance uly hmieti bolmak to be of
great importance/significance
significantl wajyp 2 [wa:jyp] adj
significant wajyp wezipeler important
task Meni in ilis dilini wrenmek
wajyp mesele. For me learning English is
a significant problem. dindki wajyp
amallary berja etmek to do important
tasks in religion wajyp zgtler
important solutions
silence dymyk n silence, quiet, absence
of talking Konsert balamazyndan
any zaly ii dymyykdy. Before the
concert there was silence in the hall.
Dymyk uzak wagta ekdi. The silence
continued for a long time. Hi erde hi
ses okdy, dymyk regii gysardy.
There is no sound, the silence is boring.
; msmlik 1 n silence, quietness
msmligi bozmak to break the silence
msmlige di salmak to listen to silence
Otaga msmlik aralady. Silence
reigned in the room.
silent sem adv silent sem bolmak to fall/
become silent, lapse into silence, stop
sem bol! shut your mouth!, shut up! ol
sem boldy he fell silent; sessiz-nsz
adv silent, without speaking; msm 1
adj silent, quiet; uwa 2 adj silent,

noiseless; still, calm; silently, noiselessly

uwa adam silent person uwa oturmak
to sit still comp. uwa-uwa comp.
uwa-uwadan
silk pek adj silk pek gurugy silkworm
pek knek silk shirt pek smi silk
thread comp. beik pek oly
silk dress keteni n silk dress Milli
baramlarda gelin-gyzlara keteni owadan
gelir. In national holidays, a silk
dress is appropriate for young women.
[national costume worn by girls]
silk road
silly tentek adj silly, stupid, daft, idiotic
silver km 1 n silver km amak to
silver, to coat or plate with silver
silversmith kmi n silversmith
Kmi kmden kp owadan asepleri asaar A silversmith makes
plenty of beautiful jewelry out of silver.
sim card sim2 [sim] n sim card

similar birmeze adj similar, the same;

meze adj similar, alike, resemblance
bir meze the same, identical meze
bolmak to resemble, look like someone,
be alike meze agda same situation
Ikisi meze. They are both alike. Bu iki
rn meze. These two houses are
very similar. comp. ile meze etmek
simile
simple sada 1 [sa:da] adj simple, not
complicated, easy; simple task sada
mesele comp. sada san comp. sada
szlem ; sada 2 [sa:da] adj simple,
humble, naive, simple-hearted, openhearted, artless sada igit simple-hearted
fellow sada adamlar ordinary people
comp. sada san comp. sada szlem ;
neke 1 [:neke] adj simple,
understandable neke szler simple
words; neke 3 [:neke] adj
simple neke szlem simple sentence
neke szler simple words neke
dahan gyzy an ordinary farm girl Meni
neke adymy tutay! Please speak to
me normally! neke bir waka everyday
occurrence {grammar}
simpleness sadalyk 1 [sa:dalyk] n
simpleness, simplicity; nekelik
[:nekelik] n simpleness, usualness,

sadalamak
ordinariness nekelik adamy bezer.
Simpleness decorates a human.
simplicity sadalyk 2 [sa:dalyk] n
simplicity, naiveness, navety zi
sadalyga salmak to pretend naive, affect
navety
simplified asatlamak [asa:tlamak] v
to be simplified, become easier
simplify asatladyrmak
[asa:tladyrmak] v to simplify, make
something easier; sadaladyrmak
[sa:daladyrmak] cf: sadalamak. v to
simplify meselni sadaladyrmak to
simplify a problem azuwy
sadaladyrmak to simplify spelling
simply kepine adv simply, without
particular reason, just for the sake of it
men saa kepine ja etdim I rang you up
just for the sake of it
sin gn 1 n sin gn i etmek to sin, to
comit a sin gnsini gemek to forgive,
pardon comp. gn klemek
sincerely pk rekden (comp. of pk)
sincerely, in all sincerity
sincerity saplyk 2 [sa:plyk] n sincerity,
candour regi saplygy frankness,
sincerity {fig}
sinful gnli adj sinful, guilty
singer adymy n singer
single gidiin [gidii:n] n single, one way,
outward bound, on the way there gidiin
bileti single ticket; eke adj alone, single
atakda ekeje sygyr bar. In the shed
there is a single cow. comp. eke-tk
comp. eke-eke(den)
single offspring alky adj single_offspring
alky guzlamak to give birth to a single
offspring
sink batmak 1 cf: badyna. v to sink, go
down, be lost Aagym batga batdy. My
hand sank into the swamp.; simek 1 v
to sink, soak something
sinless takwa [takwa:] adj sinless,
without sin
sinner gnkr 3 n a sinner; sinful
sinuous alawly adj sinuous, tortuous,
twisting alawly ol twisting road
alawly grr to tip-toe around an
issue, beat around the bush, not say
something straight out

276
sir aga 2 [a:ga] n uncle; father's cousin
[older male relatives on the father's
side.]
sire hwr1 n sire, stud, stallion, bull
hwr at stud, stallion hwr erkek bull
camel hwr kz bull hwre gomak to
couple, to pair (with), mate hwrden
ykmak to copulate
sister bajy 1 n sister [form of address to
someone approx. the same age, but not
well acquainted with.] {dial}; ejeke n
sister (elder) {dial}; ua 2 n sisters
ua sem lukman boldular. all of
three sisters became doctor Olar hak ua
dlde dogan okaan. They are not real
sisters, but they have vowed to be
sisters forever. {dial}
sister-in-law elti n sister-in-law,
husband's brother's wife
sit jalamak 1 [ja:lamak] [ja:lamak]
cf: jalamak. v to sit, settle, make
oneself comfortable, settle in Ol diwany
stnde jalayp oturdy. He made himself
comfortable on the sofa.; oturmak 1 v
to sit (down) Ol otyr. He's sitting. ...
saagy baynda otyrkalar... ... while
they were sitting around the
tablecloth... telewizor grp otyrka . . .
while watching television . . . Ol maa
nesihat berip otyr. He gives advice to me.
Ol glp otyr. He's laughing. comp. otur
eri ; oturtmak 1 v to make someone sit
down Ol agany dyzynda oturtdy. She sat
the child on her knee.
sit on lap kermek 1 v to sit someone
on one's lap
sitting
situation
sit-upon otyrer 3 [oty:rer] n
six alty num six altylyk card with a six on
it, a six
sixth altynjy sixth
sixty altmy num sixty
size gabara n size, dimensions jay
gabarasy the size of a house; nomer 3
['nomer] cf: belgi, legli, san, sany. n
size Sen nenji nomerli kw ge?
What shoe size are you?; legli 4 cf:
belgi, nomer, san, sany. adj having a
certain size; ululyk 1 n size, height
Asmandan nmlim ululyk, astronomia

277

rek urmak
ary gady, onu diametri 30 metre
barabar. Something enormous fell from
the sky, an asteroid; its diameter was
nearly 30 metres. Efelew binasyny
ululgyndan parautylar bkdiler.
Parachutists jumped from the height of
the Eiffel tower. Efel binasyny
ululygyndan parautylar bkdiler.
Parachutists jumped from the height of
the Eiffel tower.
size three lk 4 num size three lk
aakgap size three shoes Gzel dkandan
zne lk galo satyn aldy. Gozel
bought size three galoshes from the
shop.
skein sargy 2 cf: sarag. n skein, hank, cut
pek sargysy skein of silk; umak n
skein, hank, ball bir umak p skein of
wool or thread umagy zlemek to
unreel a skein comp. regi umagyny
zlemek
sketch taslamak to sketch, draw
skewer i2 2 [i:] n skewer, spit (for
roasting) Ne i ksn, ne kebap. Don't
let a skewer burn, nor a kebab. Don't let
a skewer go to waste or a kebab get
burnt.; syh 2 n skewer
skilful eper 1 adj skilful, able eper
dokalan haly; eliden gelmek (comp. of
el) to be skilful, to be able to do
something Tok enjamlaryny oarmak
elektrigi elinden gelr. Electrician can
fix any kind of electrical equipment.;
hnrli 2 adj skilful, expert, able,
capable
skill eperlik 1 n skill, craftsmanship,
workmanship, proficiency Onu elini
eperligi mlim. The fact that s/he is
skilled is clear.; hnr 2 n skill, ability
hnrii grkezmek to display one's skill;
kdelik n skill, expertise iine kdelik
skill at work kdelik bilen skillfully
skilled hnrli 1 adj having a profession/
trade/specialization/skill hnrli adam
professional, skilled worker; trgen 1
cf: sporty. adj skilled trgen etmek to
train
skin deri 1 n skin, hide Ir sherdki hle
adam derisine pedaly. The morning
sunlight is beneficial for mans skin. deri
keselleri skin disease derisine saman
dykmak the hide was stuffed with straw

Dienimi etmese derie saman dykaryn.

If you do not listen to meI will stuff
your hide with straw. (sem. domains:
2.1 - Body.); ham1 1 [ha:m] n skin, hide
(of an animal) hamyny somak to skin;
to fleece someone hamdan edilen made
from the skin maly hamyny duzlamak to
cure the animal's hide {fig}; meik n
skin (wineskin, water-skin, leather bag)
suwly meik water-skin; paak 1 n rind,
skin gawun paagy melon rind
skinny agajetli (comp. of aga) skinny,
all skin and bones, bean pole; arryk adj
skinny, thin
skirmish atyyk n skirmish, shooting,
fighting iki taraplayn atyyk fighting on
both sides
skirt etek 1 n skirt Ol etegini dolduryp alma
getirdi. She brought some apples
gathered up in the folds of her skirt.
comp. bayy etegie salmak
skittish rkek adj skittish, easily
frightened rkek at skittish horse rkek
goun skittish sheep {domestic animals}
skull cap taha n skull-cap [worn by both
men and women]
skull-cap brk [b:rk] n skull-cap,
boeruek Kp kii alyyp gyzla
tahasyna brk dirler. A lot of people
mistakenly call a girl's skull-cap a
'boeruek'. Ganatamy ak goyn toyna
brk sowgat berdim. [embroidered
skull-cap worn by men]
sky asman [asma:n] n sky, heaven; gk 3
[gk] n the sky, heaven gk asman blue
sky Bada Huda ggi we eri aratdy. In
the beginning God made the heavens
and the earth. comp. gk galdy comp.
gm-gk ; pelek 1 n sky comp. pelek
urmak
slake gandyrmak [ga:ndyrmak] v to
slake, quench, satisfy suwsuzlygyy
gandyrmak to quench one's thirst suwdan
gandyrmak to give someone water
slam akyrdamak v to slam; urmak 5 v to
slam Oglan gaharyna gapyny urup ykyp
gitdi. The boy left slamming the door
angrily. comp. agyz urmak comp. azm
urmak comp. hars urmak comp. Huda
ursun! comp. kk urmak comp. zi
oda urmak comp. rek urmak comp.

sowuk urmak
sowuk urmak tok urmak comp. urup
amak comp. ama urmak
slander diimek 2 v to slander, speak
badly Dimesizii diiip soynda ten
soranydan, ilki olan. Think first rather
than say something bad and then have
to ask for forgiveness. Diiip, artykma
adylmasyz zatlary adyp otursa
geliksiz bor. It is not pleasant if you
slander all the time.; myjabat
[myja:bat] n slander, calumnity,
defamation, aspersion kimdir birine
myjabat apmak to talk slanderously
about somebody, slander somebody,
defame, calumniate; yltak adv slander;
thmet n slander; amanlamak cf:
amanlamak. v to slander,
calumniate, blacken, to libel yzyndan
amanlap rmek to slander someone
behind his back
slanderer thmeti n slanderer
slap almak 3 v to slap ata gamy almak
comp. arkasyny almak ; apbat 2
[apba:t] n slap (with hand)
slate ifer ['ifer] n roof slate
slaughter somak v to slaughter, cut an
animal's/someone's throat, then skin it
slaughter house gassaphana
[gassa:pha:na] n slaughter-house
slave gul n slave, servant gul etmek to
enslave, make someone into a slave;
gyrnak n slave, servant girl {f}
slavery gululyk n slavery, slave-owning
gululyk dwri slave-owning age
sledge hammer tokmak n sledgehammer, hammer, mallet
sleep uklamak [u:klamak] v to sleep
Garry adamlara uklamak kyn. Old people
find it hard to sleep. Myhmanhanada
men arkayn uklap bilemok. I cannot
sleep peacefully in a hotel. Sagadymy
batarei okp, irden uklap galypdyryn,
ol sebpli igrimi minut ie gij galdym.
As my watch's battery had died, I
overslept and was 20 minutes late for
work. comp. pili gulagynda uklamak
comp. uklap galmak comp. uklap
oturmak ; uky [u:ky] n sleep Uky, imit
bilen suw adama birinji gerekli zatlar.
Sleep, food and water are the first
things that a person needs. uka batmak

278
to fall asleep ukudan gomak to disturb
someone's sleep Gazetde bir adamy 10
yldan so letargik ukydan oanandygyny
ap etdiler. A newspaper article was
published about the person who woke
up from a coma after 10 years. Sen meni
bolgusyz gepleri bilen ukudan godu.
You disturbed my sleep with your
meaningless chatter. Ajeren jigisini
elinde wrnso uka batdy. As Ayjeren
rocked her sister, she fell asleep. Ilki
gnler sagady jyyrdysyna oanamso,
indi endik bolup zmem turaryn. At
first I was woken up at seven a.m. by
my alarm clock; now I wake up myself
out of habit. Ukym gelse-de ii
sapaklarymy dynanam atmadym.
However much I wanted to sleep, I
didn't go to bed until I finished my
homework. ukudan ganmak to enjoy
sleeping, to rest well from one's sleep
Jeren ukusyndan ganyp turdy. Jeren got
up, well-rested from her sleep. ukudan
aa because of sleepiness Ukudan aa
zordan aylan gzlerini owkalap Mhri
degine gedi. Mahri went to bed
massaging her eyes which she could
hardly keep open because of her
sleepiness. comp. baky uka gitmek
comp. sji ukuda comp. uka gitmek
comp. ukudan gomak comp. ukudan
oanmak comp. ukudan oarmak comp.
uky gamak
sleepwalker atak1 n sleepy Onu atak
gzleri umulyp durdy. His sleepy eyes
were going to close.
sleeve e n sleeve Ol eini ermp, ie
balady. He rolled up his sleeves and
started to work. (sem. domains: 5.3 Clothing.) comp. e astyndan
slice blmek 1 [b:lmek] v to slice, cut
Hyary ik blp arasyna duz sepip in.
When I eat persimmon I split them into
two and sprinkle them with salt.; dilim
n slice, strip, piece bir dilim gawun a
slice of melon Uly gawundan bir dilim
kesip aldym. I cut a slice of melon.
Salamak in her matadan bir dilim
gyrkyp aldym. I cut a piece of cloth for a
sample. Pyrtykaly dilimini torty stne
godum. I put a slice of orange on the
cake.

279

ys
slide gayrmak 6 v to slide, let go akylyy
gayrmak to let your cleverness slide
comp. bir he gayrmak comp. boun
gayrmak comp. ynjalygyny gayrmak
slightest possibility arujy [aru:jy] adv
the slightest possibility
slightly drunk kepli 2 adj slightly drunk
Ol oturlyykdan kepli dolandy. He came
from party with good mood/slightly
drunk.
slip sypmak v to slip, slip away, escape
Kse onu elinden sypdy. The cup slipped
out of his hands. Ol jezadan sypdy. He
escaped punishment.; tamak
[ta:mak] v to slip, slide onu aagy
tady his leg slipped; typmak [ty:pmak]
v to slip, slide
slippers ypbyk slippers
slippery typanak [ty:panak] adj
slippery buz typanak icy slippery
slit open armak 2 [a:rmak] v to slit
open, to cut open gawun armak to cut
open a melon comp. bagty da armak
comp. dil armak comp. regini
armak
slogan ygar 1 [yga:r] n slogan
slope delge 2 n slope dagy delgesi
mountainside Dagy delgesi kert eit
bolup inrdi. The slope of a mountain
goes down as flat bend.?????; inelge
[i:nelge] n slope kert inelge steep slope;
apaak [apaa:k] n slope, incline
apaakdan aak dmek to slope down,
to come down the slope; apgyt 1 n
slope, rise Mayn apgyda ykyp bilmez.
Car will not be able to climb the slope.
slot machine awtomat 2 [awto'mat] n
automatic machine, slot-machine telefon
awtomat pay phone
slow gowak 7 adj slow, slowly
Neiratymyz has hem gowak iler Our
printing house works very slowly.;
uwa 3 adj slow, slow-moving; softly,
gently, quietly; silent; calm; still,
motionless; slow; slow, slack uwa dim
slow pace iler uwa gidr thing are
slack uwa-uwa slowly (does it)
uwa-uwadan gradually uwa ses
quiet voice uwa geplemek to speak
quietly uwa kakmak to knock quietly
uwa oturmak to sit still Men uwa

rp gitmeli boldum. I had to go quietly.

Iler uwa gidr Things are slack.
uwa bol! Silence! (sem. domains: 8.4.8
- Speed.) {work} comp. uwa-uwa
comp. uwa-uwadan
slower haalrak adv more slowly, slower
haalrak at to speak more slowly
slowly assa adv slowly, calmly assa
remek to walk slowly; haal 1 adv
slowly haal remek to walk slowly
haal etmek to do something slowly;
zlem-saplam 2 adv slowly, cut out;
yra-dara adv slowly, unhurriedly,
unsteadily yra-dara remek to walk
slowly/unsteadily Yra-dara rp
baran adam igili bolsa gerek. The man
walking unsteadily supposedly was
drunk.
slowly slowly uwa-uwa (comp. of
uwa) not bad Iler nhili? uwauwa. How are works? Not bad. [In
response to "What's up?"]
small kii 1 adj small, little kii ja small
house; mada adj small, little, tiny
Onu zi pet adam bolsa-da, agalary
mada bolr. Even if he is big man
himself, his children are small. Meni
ejem mada a ir. My mother drinks
tiny tea.; ownuk 1 adj small ownuk pul
change, small change ownuk galalar
walled towns ownuk ahly mal sheep and
goats ownuk hojalyk small-scale farming;
ownuk-uak adj small ownuk-uak zat
satyn almak to buy all kinds of things
ownuk-uak i small work ownuk-uak
pul small change; ujypsyz 2 [ujy:psyz]
adj small ujypsyz i in dawalamak to
quarrel over nothing Ujypsyz zat in
adamy gwnne degme! Don't offend
someone over a small matter!
small bag bukja 1 cf: konwert. n small
bag, case (pencil case)
smallpox mama1 1 [ma:ma] n smallpox
mama keseli smalpox {medical}
smell ys 1 [y:s] cf: ys-kok. n smell,
fragrance akymly ys sweet scent Her
gl bir ysy bar. Each flower has its
own fragrance. ys aly scent ys almak to
sniff, smell Onu ys aly oat. He has a
good nose. {pleasant}; ys-kok [y:s-kok]
cf: ys. n smell Ondan ys-kok galmandyr.
Even smell of him was not there.;

ylgyrymak
ysgamak [y:sgamak] v to smell gl
ysgamak to smell a flower Men glleri
ysgamagy gowy grrin. I like to smell
flowers.
smelly ysly 2 [y:sly] adj smelly, stinking
erbet ysly bad smell Balygy porsy ysy
btin kenary tutupdyr. Strong reek of fish
was hanging all the way the coast.
{unpleasant}
smetana gamak2 1 n soured cream,
smetana agly gamak fat cream
smile ylgyrmak cf: ylgyrymak. v to
smile Ol ylgyryp jogap berdi. He
answered, smiling. {one person};
ylgyrymak cf: ylgyrmak. v to smile
Olar bir-birine seredip ylgyrydylar. They
smiled looking at each other. {two or
more people, together}; ylygyry n
smile Men onu ylgyrynda hi hili
asamalyk grmedim. I haven't seen any
falseness in his smile. Onu ylgyry ony
has-da owadan grkezr. Her smile
makes her more beautiful.
smirk yrarmak v to smirk, grin, smile
Ol maa seredip yrardy. He smirked
looking at me.
smoke ekmek1 7 [ekmek] v to smoke;
draw, absorb ilim ekmek zyanly. ig
ekmek to absorb, soak up moisture
comp. ah ekmek comp. ahmyr ekmek
comp. aak ekmek comp. ejir ekmek
comp. el ekmek comp. gam ekmek
comp. hasrat ekmek comp. hor ekmek
comp. jeza ekmek comp. kep ekmek
comp. kynylyk ekmek comp. nala
ekmek comp. zhmet ekmek ; tsse n
smoke; tsselemek v to smoke
smoke hole tnk 2 n smoke hole, hole
in the roof [top part of the roof of a
yurt, the part that opens to let smoke
out]
smoker ilimke n smoker; ilimli adam
n smoker, someone who smokes
smooth tekiz [teki:z] adj horizontal, even,
flat; smooth
smooth out azmak2 2 v to smooth out Ol
galstugyny ygrylan erlerini azyp
balady. He started to smooth out the
creases in his tie. comp. aagyy
azmak comp. kesini azmak comp.
ere azmak

280
smoothly ag aly (comp. of ag)
smoothly, without any problems at all
Onu szleri ag aly umak. His words
as smoothly soft/kind.
smuggler kontrabanday n smuggler nee
kontrabandaylary drug smugglers
snack a-rek [a:-rek] n meal,
snack a-rek imek to have
something to eat, have a snack, have a
bite to eat; garbanmak v to have a
quick bite (for lunch), have a snack,
grab something to eat az-owlak
garbanmak to have a snack
snack bar garbanalgahana
[garbanalgaha:na] n lunch counter,
snack bar {colloq}
snake ylan [yla:n] n snake ylany
gowy snake scales ylany zheri venom
snarl jabjynmak v to snarl (at), bark, yelp
Gjk jabjyndy. The puppy snarled.
jabjynyp jogap bermek to answer with a
snarl
sneeze asgyrmak v to sneeze
sniper mergen n sniper; sharp-shooter,
good shot, marksman mergen bolmak to
be a good shot
snore hor ekmek (comp. of ekmek1) v
to snore; horlamak 1 v to snore;
parryldamak v to snore; to make a loud
noise; to snort (about horses); parryldy
1 n snore; loud noise
snort parryldy 2 n snort, sniff
snow gar [ga:r] n snow gar agmak to
snow gar awusy pain of snow znden
gar agmak his face is snowing say.
Galan ie gar agar
snow-plough krek 2 n snow plough
krek bilen gar artmak to clear snow
away with a snow plough
so ahyry [a:hyry:] particle after all Bu
seni aga ahyryn! So this is your child!
Sen geldi ahyry! So you came after all!
comp. ahyryn ; bir 2 num so Irden tursak
ere bir giden gar agypdyr. In the
morning so much snow had fallen on
the hard ground. comp. bir agza
bakmak comp. bir almany iki blen aly
comp. bir ukura tkrmek comp. bir
demde comp. bir derejede comp. bir
gezek comp. bir gzde grmek/garamak
comp. bir gysym bolmak comp. bir

281

umamak
hasapdan comp. bir zi comp. bir ze
comp. bir wagtda comp. bir zat comp.
bir-biri(ni) comp. bir-birine comp. biri
comp. birimiz comp. kimdir biri comp.
ele bir ; dimek 2 adv so, well, that is
to say Pagta planymyzy doldyk dimek
bolar. So we fulfilled our cotton plan.
Dimek, sen maa ynanaok-da? So, you
don't believe me? Dimek, sen meni
bilen kluba gitjek dl-de?! So, you are not
going to the club with me?! Dimek, sen
indi gitjek-d? So, are you going now?;
esem 1 conjunction so, but, then; but
not, otherwise Ol esem gelmezmi? so
will not he come?; edip adv so, like
this, like that; ele 1 particle like this,
so ele dimek to say (something) in
this way ele kp so much, many
eylemi? Really? ele kp Ol ele gowy
saz alar. Ol gyz ele owadan.; elelik
n so comp. elelik bilen ; unlukda adv
so, like this, and so unlukda ikinji
mesel geris so, let's move onto the
second question; aly 4 [a:ly] post so
(that) dwilmez aly so that it won't
break diyen aly approximately,
roughly; eri interj now, so eri, nme
atjak? Now, what are you going to say?
so much eneme 2 adj so much, so many
eneme wagt so much time eneme kitap
so many books eneme dwletler number
of states; muna adj so much; so many
Muna grr nm gerek? What's the
point in talking like this? Muna puly biz
ndip sowarys? How shall we spend this
big amount money? comp. muna
bolanyna gr ; ona adv so much, so
many
so very ele bir (comp. of bir) so very
ele bir owadan grmge gz gerek. It's
so beautiful you have to see it
soak ezmek 1 v to soak, wet suwda ezmek
to soak in the water
soaked ezilmek 1 v to get wet/soaked
Men ezildim. I'm soaked. Men agyda
ezildim.
soap sabyn [sa:byn] n soap kir sabyny
laundry soap tualet sabyny toilet soap
sabyn zawody soap-works, soap factory
soar gamak1 1 [ga:mak] v to soar,
glide; fly Gayp gitdi. He flew away.
gayp bolmak to disappear, vanish

Asmanda gular gaarlar. the birds are

flying in the sky. apraklar gaarlar.
the leaves are falling.
sob sojamak [so:jamak] v to sob, weep
aloud
sociable alak adj sociable
social maddy 2 cf: sosial. adj social;
sosial cf: maddy. n social
social class synp 2 cf: klas. n social class
society jemgyet n society, organization,
community Zenanlar jemgyeti uly iler
bitirr. Women do important work for
society.
sock jorap [jora:p] n sock, slipper-sock,
stocking Aalym maa jorap rp
berdi. My wife knitted woollen socks for
me.
socket rozetka [ro'zetka] n socket
{electrical}
sofa diwan [di:'wa:n] n sofa, settee,
couch, divan, sofa-bed diwany stnde
oturmak to sit on the sofa [can be put
down in order to be used as a bed]
soft gowak 5 adj soft gowak er soft
ground; nzik 2 adj soft, tender nzik
beden tender skin nzik z soft face
comp. tene nzik ; umak 1 adj soft
umak krowat soft bed umak oturgy
armchair, easy chair umak er soft
ground umak kentlewk
soften umamak 1 cf: umatmak. v to
soften, become soft, grow pulpy;
become loose Hamyr gowy umapdyr.
Dough has softened very well.;
umatmak 1 cf: umamak. v to
soften, make soft; make loose ktmen
bilen umatmak to hoe
soil toprak 1 n soil, earth
soldier esger 1 n soldier harby gullukdaky
esger a soldier on national service;
urujy n soldier, warrior, fighter Onu
mden gowrak urujysy bardy. He had
more than a thousand soldiers.
sole daban 1 [da:ban] n sole (of the foot),
dial: heel, foot Dabany gyzmasa,
bedeni ylamaar. If your heel doesn't
get hot your body won't get warm.
dabanya kz basylan aly bolmak like
putting a burning coal on your foot/
heel depesinden dabanyna enli from
head to foot

ilemek
solid epe 1 adj solid, strong, dignified,
impressive epe adam strong/dignified
person
solidarity radalyk [ra:dalyk] n
solidarity, unanimity radalyk bildirmek
to express one's solidarity (with
somebody) Men demokratlara radalyk
bildirrin. I want to express my
solidarity with the democrats.
solitude alyzlyk [aly:zlyk] n
solitude, loneliness alyzlyk Hudaa
agy. Solitude is good for God.
solution ergin n solution suwuk ergin
weak solution goy ergin strong solution
(sem. domains: 1.2.3 - Solid, liquid,
gas.)
solve zmek 2 v to decide, solve
krosword zmek to do a crossword
puzzle; ilemek 3 cf: ilemek. v solve
meselni ilemek to solve the task
some birentek adj some, several birentek
mesele some examples birentek adam
some people Birentek adamlar burly
nahary gowy grrler. Some people like
dishes made with a lot of pepper(s).
Birentek owalarda keselhana k. In some
villages there isn't a hospital. Birentek
iler edilmn galdy. Some jobs remain
unfinished.; eneme 1 adj some, a few,
several, a certain number of eneme
yllary gemegi... several years having
passed...; galy3 adj some, other galy
adamlar some people, others galy
agzybolar gybat aradarlar some
talkative people spread gossip; kbir
adv some kbir adamlar some people
kbir agdalarda in some cases Kbir
urtlarda ilim ekmek gadagan. It is
forbidden to smoke in some countries.;
kbiri adj some of, several, few
adamlary kbiri some people Olary
kbiri maa dnenok Some of them
don't understand me
somehow birhili 2 [birhi:li] adj
somehow, somewhat, a bit Otagy ii
birhili garaky. The room is a bit dark
inside.
someone kim 2 Pronoun someone her kim
everyone, everybody hi kim nobody Hi
kim gelmedi. Nobody came. comp.
kimdir biri ; kimdir biri (comp. of bir,
kim) Pronoun someone, somebody,

282
anyone, anybody Gapyda kimdir birini
durandygyny grdm. I saw that
someone had come to the door. Ol erde
kimdir biri barmy? Would there be
somebody there?
something odur-budur n something; this
or that, some things Ol bazardan odurbudur zat getirdi. He has brought this
and that from the market. Men sen
inem odur-budur alyb-a bilerdim. I
could have bought something for you.
something like birhili 4 [birhi:li] adj
something like Birhili gwnme bolmasa
biri gygyran aly boldy.
something to happen bayna dmek
(comp. of ba) for something to happen
to the person
sometime de-soda adv sooner or
later, sometime or other de-soda
lenmeli bolarsy sooner or later you
will have to get married
sometimes aram-aram [a:ram-a:ram] adv
sometimes, at times; khalat [kha:lat]
cf: kwagt, kmahal. adv sometimes
Bizi obamyzda howa tgp durar,
khalat azda-da gar agar. In our
village the weather is changeable,
sometimes it snows even in Spring.;
kmahal cf: kwagt, khalat. adv
sometimes Kmahal men oa dnemok.
Sometimes I do not understand him.;
kte1 adj sometimes...sometimes;
now....now; first...then, first....and K ol
gelr, kte men gidrin. Sometimes he
comes, sometimes I go.; kte2 adv
sometimes, at times, from time to time,
now and again, now and then,
occasionally Kte ol bu ere gelr. He
occasionally comes here.; wagtalwagtal adj sometimes, at times, now
and then, now and again Wagtal-wagtal
agy agar. Sometimes it rains.
somsa somsa cf: gutap. n somsa [filled
bread cooked in (clay) oven, rather like
a pastie or samosa]
son kreken [k:reken] n son-in-law
Mhri gelnejni 5 sany krekeni bar
Aunt Mahri has 5 sons-in-law.; ogul 1 n
son Sen kimi ogly? Whose son are you?
song adym n song trkmen halk
adymlary Turkmen folk songs adym

283

bolsady ekmek
atmak sing a song; nagma n song rek
nagmasy a song from the heart
sooner later iru gi (comp. of ir) sooner
or later
sooner or later owal-ahyr [owal-a:hy:r]
adj sooner or later Owal-ahyr sen gitmeli
bolarsy. Sooner or later you'll have to
go.
soothe ynjaltmak [y:njaltmak] cf:
ynjalmak. v to calm, quiet, soothe
Bibini, Gandymy grri Artygy
birneme ynjaltdy. Bibi and Gandym's talk
with Artyk calmed him down
somewhat.
sore gk galdy (comp. of gk) adj sore,
tender bruise
sorrow gussa n sorrow, grieve, mourn,
sadness, melancholy; hesret n sorrow,
grief, woe z hesreti bilen to one's sorrow
hesret ekmek to grieve (for)
sorrowful hesretli adj sorrowful, sad,
grievous, mournful; naynjar 3
[na:ynja:r] adj sorrowful, moanful,
plaintive naynjar ses sad/plaintive
voice; moan naynjar adam moanful
man naynjar aga a pitiful child
naynjar zeren a poor complaint
naynjar grn pitiful/sorry sight
naynjar seretmek to look pitiful
sort kysym n sort, kind, type drli kysymly
different kinds (of) Trkmenistana daary
urtlardan drli kysymly traktorlar geldi.
Different types of tractors came into
Turkmenistan from foreign countries.
soul gwn 1 n heart, soul {emotions}
comp. gwne almak comp. gwne
gelmek comp. gwne ja bolmak comp.
gwn bitgin comp. gwn holamak
comp. gwn-isleg comp. gwn-kine
comp. gwnne dwmek ; jan 1 [ja:n]
n soul, spirit, heart comp. jan etmek
comp. jana-jan comp. janyy akmak ;
rek 2 n heart, soul yn rekden
smek to love from the bottom of one's
heart {emotions} comp. ak rek comp.
arslan rek comp. d rek comp.
rege dmek comp. rege dwmek
comp. rege jk bolmak comp. regi
aty kellesi aly comp. regi bire
baglamak comp. regi uka comp.
regini iirmek comp. regini
armak comp. regi agzya gelmek

comp. regi bulanmak comp. regi

gysmak comp. regi mkldemek
comp. regi erine gelmek comp.
rek awamak comp. rek bermek
comp. rek da baglamak
sound owaz 3 [owa:z] n sound dutary
owazy the sound of a dutar playing; ses
1 n sound ses bermek to vote;
alanmak 2 v to sound Bu mukam
gagyly alanar. This music sounds
sad.
soundness gowulyk 1 n (good) quality,
soundness nmi gowulygy the quality
of a product
soup orba [o:rba] n soup; al n soup,
broth, slops ite al bermek to give a dog
something to eat comp. al agysy
sour tury adj sour
source eme 2 adj source Kitap bilimi
emesi. Books are the beginning of
knowledge. Bu i rn ynandyryjy ylmy
emelere salgylanar. This work was
done with reference to trusted academic
sources. stnligi emesi irginsiz
zhmet.; gzbay n source, spring Onu
bilimi gzbay nirede? What is the
source of his knowledge?
source of problem belany krgi (
bela, krk) the source of the problem
soured milk aran n ayran - a drink made
from soured milk [Often yoghurt mixed
with salt and water and drunk as a
drink with kebabs or whatever.]
south gnorta n south; ileri n south
Trkmenler gapysyny ileri tarapdan
goarlar. Turkmens put their door of
his house in the south side.
souvenir adygr 2 [a:dygr] n souvenir
adygr bermek to give a souvenir
soviet ura [u:ra] n soviet, political
council
sow ekmek v to sow, plant ekin ekmek to
sow crops bugda ekmek to sow wheat
bolsady ekmek ; sepelemek 2 v to sow
(seed); sepmek 2 v to sow
sowing ekin-tikin seed sowing and so on;
eki n sowing ekie balamak to begin
sowing
space boluk n empty space Bu boluk
ere ysmanak oat ser. Spinach would
grow well on this empty land. A,

Nanyny aan aa eter, donuny aan toa

suwsyz garnymy bolugyndan aa tas
zimden gidipdim.; giilik 1 [gi:ilik]
n space ummasyz giilik unlimited space
howa giiligi air space (sem. domains:
1.1 - Sky.)
spade pil1 [pi:l] n spade pil sapy spade
handle pil bilen er depmek to dig over
the ground with a spade
Spanish ispan adj Spanish ispan dili
Spanish, the Spanish language Bizi
Uniwersitetimizde ispan dili faulteti
ayldy. Spanish language faculty was
opened in our Uniersity. (sem.
domains: 4.1.2 - Types of people.)
spare aamak 1 v to spare, let off Uruda
alary aaarlar. Spare the youths from
going to war. say. Nanyny aan aa
eter, donuny aan toa ; tialyk 1
cf: rezerw, ykalga, haryt, predmet,
sapak, dersi, alar, zapas, zat. adj
spare, extra; gagyrmak v to spare,
begrudge, withhold janyy gagyrman
ilemek to put one's heart into one's
work saglygyy gagyrmak to spare a
health; a 1 n spare part gerekly a
important spare part kmeki alara
tia alar spare parts; zapas 4
[za'pas] cf: rezerw, tialyk,
ykalga, haryt, predmet, sapak,
dersi, alar, zat. n spare, extra zapas
alar spare parts, spares
sparing gysganmak v to be sparing (of),
scant, stint, skimp (in), grudge, be
unwilling to do sth. szi gysganmak to
be sparing of one's words, be unwilling
to speak
spark ugun n spark yldyrym akanda
ugun agaja dp, aga anyp balady.
Merdany okaryk zyan demri togy
simine degip, ugun syrady. Merdan
threw up an iron and it made a spark by
touching the electrical cable.
sparrow gyrgy n sparrow-hawk (sem.
domains: 1.6 - Animal.); sere n
sparrow comp. Birje eme orja sere
orbasy
speak geplemek 1 v to speak, talk,
address geplemegi wrenmek to learn to
talk trkmene geplemek to speak in
turkmen ilise geplemek to speak in
english alt/haal/gaty/uwa geplemek
to speak fast/slow/high/low ygnakda

284
geplemek to address a meeting Entek
geplnokmy? Can't (s)he talk yet?;
grlemek 1 v to speak, talk dogry
grlemek to speak honestly wnp
grlemek to boast; szlemek v to speak
sz szlemek to say a few words
speak nonsense agzyny dienini
gulagy eitmezlik (comp. of agyz) to
speak nonsense
speak profitably agzyy hayr amak
(comp. of hayr) to speak profitably
spear naza n spear, lance Trkmenler
dumanlara gary naza ulanypdyrlar.
Turkmens used spears against their
enemies.
special rite adj special soky habarlary
rite goberlii a special release of the
latest news
specialise riteledirmek
[ri:teledirmek] v to specialise, make
specific Meni jigim riteledirilen
mekdepde okaar. My brother studies at
specialized school.
specialist hnrment n artisan,
craftsman; specialist
speech yky 2 cf: konsert. n speech,
statement, paper, presentation yky
etmek to give a speech, read a paper,
give a presentation; appear (on behalf
of)
speech impediment dili agyr (comp. of
dil2) adj speech impediment Hassany
nerw keselinden so dili agyr. After a
nervous breakdown the patient has a
speech impediment.
speed badyna 2 [ba:dyna] cf: batmak. n
speed, velocity Badyna apyp baran aty
saklamak kyn. The speed of a racing
horse is difficult to sustain. piigini
badyndan, abany piigini bady alt. A
wild cat is faster than a pet cat.; bat 1
[ba:t] n velocity, speed, acceleration
apyp baran aty badyny saklamak kyn.
When it is racing, a horse's speed is hard
to restrain. piigi badyndan, abany
piigi bady alt. A wild cat is faster than
a pet cat. Mayn bat alyp balady. The
car began to accelerate. ; tizlik [ti:zlik]
n speed; yndamlyk quickness, rapidity
Suw ukurlary arasyndan uly yndamlyk

285

ruhdan dmek
bilen askyp barardy. The water rushed
between the holes with great speed.
spend harlamak v to spend, expend, use
up, waste puly biderek harlamak to
waste one's money; sarp etmek (comp.
of sarp) to spend, expend, waste, use up
wagtyy biderek sarp etmek to waste
one's time; sowmak 1 v to spend
{money}; oklamak 3 [o:klamak] v to
spend, use up Ol bar puly bir gnde
oklaypdyr. He had spent all money in
one day. {money}
spend time geirmek 9 v to live, spend
time Ol mrni lde geirdi. He spent
his life in the desert/steppe. mri
lde geirmek to spend your life in the
desert durmua geirmek to carry out,
fulfil, bring into life wagtyy biderek
geirmek to waste time badan geirmek
comp. biri-birinden geirmek comp.
bokurdakdan geirmek comp. durmua
geirmek comp. geirn ilikler comp.
gzden geirmek comp. itden geirmek
spending sarp adv spending comp. sarp
bolmak comp. sarp etmek
sperm dl 1 n sperm, semen Emeli
agdada tohumlandyrmak in donordan
dl alarlar. In artificial insemination
they take sperm from a donor.
dowarlardan dl alynan wagt the time
for taking sperm from the herd
Sygyrymyzy u dlini alsak sora satjak.
After taking this sperm we will sell our
bull. {biology}
sphere medan 2 [meda:n] n sphere,
activity, profession edebiat medany the
field of literature swe medany the
area of business geirmekda ilemek to
work in the field comp. bir medan1
comp. bir medan2 comp. gr
medany comp. magnit medany comp.
swe medany
spherical togalak adj spherical, round; fat
spicy ajy 2 [a:jy] adj spicy, hot {food}
comp. ajy sz
spider gara m n spider; m [m:] n
spider Men mden gorkan. I am affraid
of spider. (sem. domains: 1.6 - Animal.)
spill dkmek 4 v to spill, secrete, shed Bu
bedre suw dkr. This bucket is
spilling. Watan in gan dkmek to shed

blood for motherland Ikinji jahan uruda

kp adam Watan in ganyny dkdi.
Many people shed blood for the
motherland in the Second World War.
Der dkp gazanany halal gazandyr.
Sweating and earning is pure profit. Or,
to earn by working hard is honest gain.
Gyzymy piijegi itende gza dkp
oturdy. When my daughter lost her cat,
she shed many tears. elek deilip, indi
suw dkr. The bucket was slit and
now it is spilling water. Ejeme iimi
dkp, bar syrymy adyp berdim. I
poured out my heart to my mother and
told her all my secrets. stne gyzgyn
a dkp aagyny biiripdir. He spilled
hot tea over himself and burnt his foot.
comp. abrayy dkmek
spilt dklmek 1 v to be spilt, be poured,
poured out, overflow Bu ere ag
dklipdir. The oil was poured into this
place. Ieri dklipdir. The contents had
been poured out.
spin egirmek v to spin (a web/silk etc.);
pyrlamak v to spin, turn tigri pyrlamak
to spin the wheel; samak1 [sa:mak] v
to spin sen ony sayp, kee etmeli
bolarsy you are going to have to spin it
and make it into a felt mat
spinach ysmanak n spinach Ysmanak kp
witaminleri saklaar. Spinach includes a
lot of vitamin in itself.
spindle ik [i:k] n spindle ler her
hojalykda ik bolupdyr. In early times
there was spindle in every family. comp.
burnundan ik aly gan getirmek
spine geri 1 n spine, backbone aty geri
spine of a horse comp. gerine mnmek
spiral hyrly2 adj spiral, curled, curving
hyrly screw
spirit ruh1 1 [ru:h] n soul, spirit; courage
milli ruh national spirit Mukaddes ruh
Holy Spirit halky ruhy the people's
spirit ruhuy gtermek to encourage
comp. ruhdan dmek
spiritual ruhy 1 [ru:hy] adj inner ruhy
dn inner world; ruhy 3 [ru:hy] adj
spiritual ruhy baglanyyk spiritual
connection ruhy tadan spiritually ruhy
tadan gli spiritually strong ruhy ejiz
adam spiritually weak person ruhy

z nerwii zaalama!
golalyk spiritual closeness ruhy isleg
spiritual desire
spit tkrmek v to spit
splash serpmek v to splash, sprinkle,
spray {water}
splash out gtmek 3 v splash_out
splint seiklemek v to splint dwlen ski
seiklemek to splint a broken bone
split blekletmek 1 [b:lekletmek] v to
split pul bleklet {money}
spoil zaalamak 1 [za:alamak] v to spoil
Yssy howa bizi saglygymyzy zaalady.
Hot weather spoiled our health. {food}
comp. z nerwii zaalama!
spoiled nzik 5 adj sensitive nzik gl
sensitive flower nzik aprak sensetive
leaf nzik dugy tender feelings Garry
adamy nzik gwnni gynandyrmak
hem, begendirmek hem asat. An old
person has a sensitive heart that is
easily pleased and easily offended.
comp. tene nzik ; zaa [za:a] adj
spoiled, bad, rotten zaa et tainted meat
zaa bolmak to go bad, to become
spoiled, to get out of use/order; (of
teeth) to decay, to rot
spoilt llik adj spoilt, mollycoddled llik
aga spoilt child; oldan ykan 1
(comp. of ol) spoilt oldan ykany
terbielemek hkmanydyr. It is essential
to teach a spoilt person.
sponsorship howandarlyk 1
[howanda:rlyk] n sponsorship,
patronage, protection, friendship
howandarlyk etmek to sponsor
spontaneously z-znden [:z:znden] adv spontaneously, for no
apparent reason z-znden ggermek to
grow spontaneously z-znden dnkli.
It goes without saying. Ol z-znden
gygyryp balady. He began shouting for
no apparent reason.
spoon eme n spoon a emesi tea
spoon; galam1 n spoon cf eme galam
bilen imek to eat with a spoon Nahary
galam bilen imeli. you must eat meal
with spoon {dial}; susmak v to spoon
sport sport adj sporting, sports
sportsman sporty [sporty] cf: trgen.
n sportsman, sportswoman, athlete
sportsmenler athletes

286
spot menek n spot; patch; blot; stain gara
menek black spot; tegmil n spot, stain,
blotch, blot; tegmilt n spot, stain,
blotch, blot
spotted menekli adj spotted, dappled
menekli sugun spotted deer
spouse assykda n spouse; marriage
partner Onu assykday owadan aal.
His spouse is a beautiful woman.
{colloq}
spout paglamak v to gush out, pour
paglap gitmek to gush out aradan gan
paglap gitdi blood gushed out from the
wound onu gzlerinden a paglady
tears gushed from her eyes
spray dknmek v to spray, sprinkle (on
oneself), splash on atyr dknmek to
spray oneself with perfume Ol kp atyr
dknr. She wears too much perfume.
Bilmezlikde stme a dkndim. I
inadvertently splashed myself with tea.
stne orba dkp, ol egin balaryny
hapalady. He dirtied his clothes by
splashing himself with soup.; prkmek
v to spray, sprinkle, spatter, splash suw
prkmek to splash water comp. ajyy
prkmek
spread dagatmak 1 [da:gatmak] v to
spread, scatter, disperse, distribute ekin
ekiljek ere dkni dagatmak to spread
fertilizer on cultivated ground;
delmek 1 v to be spread, be covered,
be paved gyzyl haly delen ieri home
with a red carpet Remont edilen otaga
entek dek delmndir. The renovated
room still has no carpet. Myhmanlara
atmak in dek deldi. The bedding
was laid for the guests. Ieri kne
dekleri arylyp tze dek delipdir.
Old rugs at home have been replaced
with new ones.; demek 1 v to spread,
lay out, pave dek demek to make the
bed Tze jaa tze dek dediler. The
new house was spread with new rugs.
atmak in degimi dedim. I
prepared my bed for sleep. Jay
diwaryny gyrmak in ilki pola gazet
dedik. We covered the floor with
newspapers before scraping the walls of
the room. ; rmek1 2 [:rmek] v to
spread (rash, spots) Gyzamyk ykan
agany anynda dutar alsa, gyzamygy

287

darykmak
rr. If you play the dutar next to a
child who has measles, the measles will
spread. comp. bir den rmek ;
salmak 6 cf: salynmak2. v to spread
dek salmak to make the bed comp.
abradan ayrmak comp. aldawa
salmak comp. bilmezlige salmak comp.
di salmak comp. duzaga salmak comp.
sala salmak comp. tertibe salmak comp.
yzyna it salmak comp. ola salmak ;
abalanmak cf: abalandyrmak.
v to spread, swing about/around, be in
full swing, develop ol gezekki arydan
so onu mehurlygy abalandy. After
that match, his fame spread widely.;
amak2 1 v to spread ganat amak to
spread one's wings; aramak 1 cf:
aratmak. v to spread ay dogan
Gn hlesi dn arady. The rays of
the rising sun spread throughout the
earth. Narpyzy ysy araar. Mint
spreads its aroma. dymly-dua aramak
to spread abroad; azmak2 1 v to
spread, lay saak azmak to lay the table
comp. aagyy azmak comp. kesini
azmak comp. ere azmak ; azylgy1
adj spread, laid azylgy saak table that
has been laid
spread out ara adj spread out,
diffused ara sen agalar gze
akymlydy. Spreadly grown trees were
pleasure for eyes. {grammar} comp.
ara neke szlem ; aylmak cf:
amak1. v to spread out, stretch out
aylyp atan dz medan wide,
stretched out valley {landscape, river}
spring bahar 1 cf: azdyrmak1,
azmak3. adj spring Bahar paslynda
baglar gller. In Spring the trees come
into bloom. Bahar baramy Spring
festival [early Spring]; eme 1 n
spring, stream, river source dag emesi
a mountain spring mineral emeler
mineral springs; nowbahar 1
[no:wbahar] adj spring nowbahar glleri;
az [a:z] n spring azda in spring az
ekii spring sowing az srmi spring
ploughing [later Spring cf. bahar];
azlyk [a:zlyk] adj spring azlyk
bugda spring wheat
sprinkle atmak 3 v to sprinkle; sepmek 1
v to sprinkle

sprout masa 1 n new growth, sprout

Bahar paslynda masalar wn atar.
Sprout is shining in Spring. {grains,
grasses}
spun egrilmek v to be spun (e.g. wool)
spy ialy [ia:ly] n spy Dostum ol oba ialy
bolup gitdi. My friend went to that
village as spy.; jansyz 3 [ja:nsyz] n a
spy Bizi urdumyzda jansyzlar kp
dirler. They say there are many spies
in our country.
sqeeze gysmak 1 v to sqeeze, compress,
press, clench diii gys to clench one's
teeth umrugyy gysmak to clench one's
fist elini gysmak to shake someone by
hand egnini gysmak to shrug one's
shoulders Ol jogap bermegi erine egnini
gysdy. He shrugged off the question.
comp. ii gysmak comp. rek gysmak
square drtburluk [d:rtburluk] n
square, quadrangle gni burly
drtburluk rectangular {mathematics};
inedrdl 1 [i:ned:rdl] cf: kwadrat.
n a square; inedrdl 2 [i:ned:rdl]
cf: kwadrat. adj square inedrdl otag a
square room; kwadrat [kwa'drat] cf:
inedrdl. n square kwadrat kk square
root kwadrat metr square metre kwadrat
deleme quadratic equation
{mathematics}
squash ezilmek 2 v to be squashed,
crushed, crumpled, mashed ezilen
pomidor squashed tomato
squat ommalmak v to squat (down), sit
on one's haunches Ol odu baynda
ommalyp oturdy. He squatted down at
the fireside. [Often refers to using a
squat toilet(!).]
squeeze dwmek 2 v to squeeze, close
squeezed gysylmak 1 cf: darykmak. v to
be squeezed, be pressed, be compressed,
be clenched
squint gytak [gy:tak] n squint, a sidelong
glance gz gytagyny alamak to have a
squint, look sideways
squirm urunmak 1 v to squirm, wriggle,
tremble, quiver; to writhe Nsag agyra
ydaman urunardy. The patient was
writhing in agony. aralanan keijek iki
ana urunardy. Biz balygy kenarda
urunyp atanyny grp, dera goberdik.

sanjamak
We saw the fish wriggling on the bank
and set him free in the river.
stab sanmak 1 cf: sanjamak. v to stab,
prick, pierce ie bilen sanmak to prick
with a needle; sanjamak cf: sanmak.
v to stab
stage etap [e'tap] n stage okuwy
balangy etapynda when you start
studying tze etap new stage
Turkmenistan zbadak s etapyna
ddi. Turkmenistan started an
independent new stage. aryy birinji
etapynda biz de bolduk. We were
further into the first stage of the
competition. tussaglary etapy stage of
prisoners Tussaglary her etapynda on
tussag gelr. In each stage ten prisoners
come.; sahna 1 n stage; show alanan
sahna revolving stage teatr sahnasy stage
sahnada gomak to put on the stage, to
produce, to put on a show
stain ganatmak 2 [ga:natmak] v to stain
with blood elii ganatmak to bleed your
hand; garalamak 2 v to stain, dirty, soil
knegii garalamak to stain one's shirt
{colloq}
stairs merdiwan [merdiwa:n] n stairs,
staircase merdiwan bilen mnmek to go
upstairs merdiwan bilen dmek to go
downstairs
stalk and leaf a1 [a:] n stalk and leaf
sogany ay a spring onion's stalk
{onions, potatoes, garlic, etc.}
stall larok n stall gk nm larogy
vegetable stall
stall holder satyjy n stall-holder, shop
assistant, salesperson, shop-keeper,
vendor
stallion bedew 2 n stallion [i.e. a male
horse]
stamp dag2 [da:g] n stamp, brand dag
basmak to brand rekde dag galmak to
be affected; len adv stamp ol hat len
edilipdi that letter had been stamped
comp. len etmek ; marka ['marka] n
stamp pota markasy postage stamp
markaly bolmak to have a stamp (on it);
mhr cf: peat2. n stamp, seal mhr
basmak to put a stamp (on), seal up
dokumente mhr basmak to stamp into
document; peat2 1 [pe'at] cf: mhr.

288
n stamp peat basmak to put a stamp
(on) {ink}; tagma 2 n stamp
stand dur 1 [du:r] [du:r] (comp. of
durmak) aux. v stand Ol garayp dur.
He's waiting. Gelip dur! Come again! Bir
garyp aglap duranda, anynda glji
bolma. When a poor person is crying,
don't stand next to them laughing.
{(following gerund) marks the
continuous mood}; durmak 2 cf:
turmak. v to be (located), to stand
Terezini bir taynda metjit, bir taynda
bolsa aranly okara duranmy. A mosque
was on one side of the scales, and on
the other side a bowl of soured milk.
comp. dur ; durmak 5 cf: turmak. v to
be in the position of, stand Ol baran
birden durdy. He stopped suddenly while
moving. Stolu stnde kitap durdy.
There was a book sitting on the table
hkimiet baynda durmak to be at the
head of the government bir partiada
durmak To be in one party Batly baran
mayn sakga durdy. The speeding car
suddenly stopped. Penjir nde otag
glleri durdy. There was a vase of
flowers in front of the window. Uly
magala baynda durmak in akylly
hem pahasly bolmaly. To be the head of
a large family one should be wise and
clever. Mekdep direktory kii dwleti
baynda jogapkr bolup durar. The
director of the school is responsible for
a small state. Duralgadaky oglan maa
seredip dur. The boy at the bus-stop is
looking at me. Ot henizem anyp dur.
The fire is still burning. Kakam mayny
otlap dur. My father is starting his car.
Aat gapy ayrsynda gizlenip durar.
Ayshat is hiding behind the door.
Hkimiet baynda durmak ilenler kp,
ne baaranlar az. There are many
people want to be head of government,
but not many people are up to it. {job}
comp. dur ; galmak2 1 [galmak] v to
stand, get up, sit up Ol erinden galdy.
He stood up. aak stne galmak to
recover ; turmak 1 cf: durmak. v to
stand up, rise auly erinden turdy. The
older man got up from his place. Turu!
Stand up! comp. gwnden turmak

289

apmak
stand up dikmek 1 v stick in, drive in,
sink in gazyk dikmek to stick in a tent
peg
standard standart [stan'dart] cf: grn,
forma, galyp, li. n standard; li 2
cf: grn, forma, galyp, standart. n
standard Onu grkezmesi bizi in li
dl. His instruction is not standard for
us. kne li old standard
standard of living durmu derejesi n
standard of living Kmr gazanlary
durmuyny swdagrleri durmu derejesi
bilen deedirmek mmkin dl. The
standard of living of coal miners and
merchants is impossible. Jeeldki
aaan adamlary durmu derejesi pes.
The standard of living of those who live
in forests is poor.
standardise kadaladyrmak
[ka:daladyrmak] v standardise,
normalise Bazarda harytlary bahasy
kadaladyrylar. The price of goods are
standardised in the market-place.
stand-in daan 3 n stand-in
standing dur 2 [du:r] [du:r] (comp. of
durmak) aux. v standing Ol aak
stnde dur. He is on his feet. Men dura
dura adadym! I'm tired of standing! {as
predicate}
star yldyz n star Zhre yldyzy Venus
kino yldyzy filmstar Asmanda kp
yldyzlar yldyradylar. A lot of stars
glowed in the sky.
stare agza garamak (comp. of agyz) to
stare Edara die balygy agzyna garaar.
The office staff only listen to the boss.
Ol serho bolup, agza gelenini otardy. He
got drunk and started saying the first
thing that came into his head.;
alartmak [a:lartmak] v to stare, look at
someone with evil intent gzi
alartmak to stare at someone;
ierilmek v to look intently, stare (at)
start ba 2 cf: boun, egmek. n
beginning, start onu bay the start of
the game grri bay the beginning of
the conversation saagy baynda sitting
at the table(cloth) comp. ba asmana
etmek comp. ba bermezlik comp. ba
ykarmak comp. ba egmek comp. ba
galdyrmak comp. ba gtermek comp.
ba wretmek comp. ba stne comp.

ba-badaklyk id. Baa barmaz! comp.

baa bela gelmek comp. badan sowmak
comp. badan-aak2 comp. bay amak
comp. bay atylmak comp. bayna
dmek comp. bayna gobermek comp.
bayna etmek comp. Baya dnein!
comp. baydan gum sowurmak comp.
bayy etegie salmak comp. bayy
assyga etirmek ; balamak v to start
Toa balamak in molladan shet
soramaga bararlar. In order to start the
wedding they go to the Mullah to ask if
it is a good (lucky) day.; balanmak v
to start, begin eper film agam sagat
sekizde balanar. The film starts at
8pm.; bay n beginning, start baynda
at, during, while stolu baynda at the
table Agam a baynda, gn
dowamynda bolup geen zatlary
grrini edris. In the evening over
tea, we tell what happened during the
day. Dawany bay, agyr szden balaar.
Disagreements begin with hard words.;
durmua putowka (comp. of
putowka) n a start in life; tisginmek
1 v to start, jump with surprise, give a
start; turmak 4 cf: durmak. v to start,
arise, get up el turdy. A wind has got
up. comp. gwnden turmak ;
apymak 3 cf: apmak. v to
undertake, start, take up, set about ie
yhlasly apymak to set about work
wholeheartedly
start speaking dillenmek v start
speaking, speak up Ol birden dillendi. He
spoke suddenly. Maa kmek gerekdigine
dillendim. I said I needed help. Men
utanyp hi dillenip bilmedim. I was shy
and could not start speaking. Hemmeler
bir bada dillendi. Everybody spoke at
once.
startle aljyratmak 2 v to startle Meni it
aljyratdy. The dog startled me.
state dwlet2 n state, government
Trkmenistan dwleti The state of
Turkmenistan. Dwlet serhetlerini biz
berk goramaly. We must protect the state
border. Halk agzybir bolsa dwlet berk
bolar. If the people are peaceful, the
state will be stable. Uly dwlet gurmak
in akylly batutan gerek. To build a big
nation, a wise leader is needed. dwlet
howpsuzlygy State security; halat1 2

wokzal
[ha:lat] n state, condition, situation,
case Ol nhili halatda? How is he?
statement arza n statement, declaration,
application arza bermek to hand in a
written application
station stansia cf: wokzal, menzil. n
station; wokzal [wok'zal] cf: menzil,
stansia. n station demir ol wokzaly
railway station deiz wokzaly port
arrival and departure building
statue hekel1 n statue, sculpture,
representation, likeness mermerden
edilen hekel marble statue
status agda 2 n status, standing
magala agday family status sosial
agda social status
stay oturmak 2 v to be, spend time;
sitting; to rest, have a meal; to stay,
settle trmede oturmak to be in prison
btin gn de oturmak to be at home all
day Otyrmy? How are you? [A greeting
used when coming into a room where
people are having a meal.] comp. otur
eri
stay behind galybermek [ga:lybermek] v
to stay behind barha yza galybermek stay
behind time by time
steady mizemez 1 [mi:zemez] adj steady,
unchangeable, firm, inviolable,
indissoluble mizemez dostluk stable
friendship
steal daamak 2 v to steal Men ilimli
gutulary daadym I stole packs of
cigarettes.; el gatmak (comp. of el) to
steal, to take away Kii zadyna el
gatma. Do not steal someone else's
things. Ogurlyga sen el gatmadyk bolsa,
seni adyy tutan bolmaz. If you did not
intend to steal, no one will ridicule
you.; ogurlamak 1 v to steal kimdir
birinden bir zat ogurlamak to steal
something from somebody aga
ogurlamak to kidnap Bu adam aaly iki
palasyny ogurlany in tussag edildi. This
man was arrested for having stolen the
women's two palas carpets.
steam bug [bu:g] n steam Gyda gaty
sowuk bolsa agzydan bug ykar. If it's
really cold in the winter steam comes
out of your mouth. Palow bienso
buguna gosa rn tagamly bolar. After

290
you've cooked pilaf if you leave it in its
steam it will be really tasty. Biz
hammamy bugly jayna girdik. We went
into the steam room at the baths.
steamer parohod [para'hod] cf: gmi. n
steamer olagylar parohody passenger
ship, liner parohod gatnawy steamer
service parohod bilen gitmek to go by
ship
steel polat n steel polat-beton aggregate
granolithic concrete polat guujy steel
founder polat erediji steel founder/maker
polat pyak steel knife poslmaan polat
stainless steel; polot 1 cf: demir. n steel
steep uut 1 adj steep, abrupt Bu gaa
uut bolanlygy sebpli die kde alpinistler
dyrmayp bilrler. As the cliff is very
steep only the best climbers can climb
it. Dagy etegindki ol uut bolanlygy
sebpli biz awtobusdan dp orp gitdik.
Owing to the steep road on the edge of
the mountain we had get off the bus
and walk.
stem baldak n stem, stalk, shoot Bglim
baldagyndaky tikeni elime mdi. My
hand was pricked by the thorns on the
rose stem. (sem. domains: 1.5 - Plant.)
step dim 1 n step, stride bir dim a step
dim tmek to take a step; gadam
gomak (comp. of gomak) to step,
take a step Tze asyra gadam gomak. To
take a step into the new century.;
gadam n step gadam urmak to march
Esgerler de gadam urarlar. Soldiers
march in line.
step- we adj step- we kaka stepfather
we eje stepmother we gyz
stepdaughter we ogul stepson we
aga stepchild
steppe shra [shra:] n steppe, prairie
steps basganak n stairs, steps, a ladder
Kii aga bir zini basganaga gbermeli
dl. Small children should not be
allowed up the stairs. Basganaga haly
azdym. I spread the carpet out on the
stairs.
stick p n splinter, small stick otly p
match gury p gk p p dwlen aly
etmek pe dnmek; hasa2 [hasa:] n staff,
stick; taak 1 n stick; elmemek 1 v to
stick, glue elli haty elinde saklap,

291

iii tutup galmak

bukjany ksi aly elmejek boldy.
Holding the letter in his hand as it blew
about, he tried to stick down the
envelope as he had previously.; okmak
1 v to stick (to, on) Onu balagyna hapa
okupdyr. The dirt stuck to his trousers/
His trousers are dirty. comp. It gargyy
gurda okmaz
stick to apymak 2 cf: apmak. v to
stick (to), be glued/pasted (to) Bukja
marka apydyrdylar. The stamp stuck to
the envelope.
still heniz 1 [heni:z] adv still, yet Heniz
ja kakylmandygyna garamazdan,
mugallym auditoria girdi. The teacher
entered the classroom, though the bell
still hadn't rung. Ol heniz gelenokmy?
Hasn't he come yet? heniza enli still
today; msm 2 adj still, quiet msm
gije still night msm oturmak to sit still
msm oba quite village msm bolmak
be silent Ol msm gezjek adam dl. he is
not that kind of man who sits still Duan
msm oturmaz. Dushan will not sit still;
welin 3 [weli:n] conjunction still Men 7
aapdyryn welin, "uny bir adam edi"
diip, Agabady 29-njy mekdebine
eltipdirler. Still, I was 7, so they sent me
to Ashgabat school no. 29, saying, 'Turn
him into a man.'
stimulant itergi n push, shove itergi
bermek to give a push itergi bermek to
stimulate, give impetus (to), start
something off itergi bolup hyzmat etmek
to be an incitement (to something),
stimulate (something)
stimulus
sting akmak1 1 v to sting, (snake) bite
Meni ary akdy. A wasp stung me.; ie
2 n sting aryny iesi sting of a bee
comp. ie bilen guy gazan aly comp.
ieden ykma comp. i stnde
oturan aly bolmak ; tmek 4 cf:
tmek. v to sting, to smart comp.
dnden tmek ; akmak1 4 v to sting,
burn Bu arak bogazyy akar. This
vodka burns your throat. comp. iini
akmak comp. janyy akmak comp.
mallary suwa akmak
stinginess husytlyk [husy:tlyk] n
stinginess, miserliness, niggardliness

husytlyk etmek to stint, grudge, skimp, to

be sparing (of)
stink yslanmak [y:slanmak] v to go off, to
go bad, decompose, rot yslanan et rotted
meat Balyk yslanyp balapdyr. The fish
has started to stink/smell.
stinking porsy adj stinking porsy ot fetid
herb
stir garjamak [ga:rjamak] cf: garmak. v
to stir; garydyrmak [ga:rydyrmak] v
to stir, have something mixed; silkmek
1 v to stir
stir up turuzmak 2 v to stir up igren
urular turuzandyr. Hatred stirs up
strife.
stirrup zei n stirrup ol zeiden
ykyldy he fell off the stirrup
stitch tikin stitch; sewing
stock zapas 1 [za'pas] cf: rezerw,
tialyk, ykalga, haryt, predmet,
sapak, dersi, alar, zat. n stock
zapasda bolmak to be in stock haryt
zapasy stock {goods}
stock raising maldarylyk
[ma:lda:rylyk] n stock-raising, animal
husbandry, cattle-breeding, cattleraising maldarylyk bilen megullanmak
to be busy with cattle-breeding
stocks gandal n stocks; shackles, fetters,
irons el gandaly handcuffs, manacles
gandal dakmak to handcuff, manacle
eline gandal dakmak to handcuff gandala
salmak to put in irons aagyna gandal
salmak to put in manacles
stomach agazan 1 [aga:zan] n stomach;
garyn n belly, stomach Meni garnymda
sanjy bar. I have pain in my stomach
garyn bolugy stomach Meni garnym
dok. I am full garyn salmak to become
fat garyn ekmek tight belly iine et
salnan garyn (animal) stomach filled
with meat say. Garny doka, bela ok
comp. garyn otarmak ; i 1 n abdomen,
stomach ii gemek to have diarrhoea
{anatomy} comp. day jjek ii mjek
id. ii gysgan comp. Iimde it uwlaar.
comp. iine-dayna gemek comp. ii
gysmak comp. iiden geplemek comp.
iiden okamak comp. iii tutup
galmak

gara hyzmatdan bklmek

stone da1 n stone, rock; nik n stone (of
fruit), seed
stoop bklmek v to bend (down), bow
(down), stoop Kiilikden bileni-biteni die
tikin bolanso onu bili bklipdir. Since
from his/her youth s/he has only been
able to produce thorns, his/her back is
bent. Bilini bkp, hasaly rer. comp.
gara hyzmatdan bklmek ; egilmek v
to bend, stoop
stop aak ekmek 1 (comp. of aak,
ekmek1) to stop, wait; bes etmek
(comp. of bes) to stop Gn aanda
iimizi bes etdik. When the sun went
down we stopped work.; durmak 1 cf:
turmak. v to stop Dur! Stop! comp. dur ;
duruzmak 1 v to stop, make someone
stop, pull up awtobusy duruzmak to stop
the bus stanogy duruzmak to stop the
lathe ii duruzmak to stop a work
Grkezip duran wideo magnitofony
pauzasyna basyp duruzdum. I stopped the
video tape recorder by pressing pause.
Merkeze gitmek in taksini duruzdym. I
hailed a taxi to go to the centre. Edip
oturan iimizi duruzyp, arakesme etdik.
We stopped work and took a break.
comp. hatara duruzmak ; delge 3 n
(bus) stop Delgede adam bolman
awtobus durman geip gitdi. There
weren't any people at the bus stop, so
the bus went past. Men indiki delgede
dp galaryn. I will get off at the next
stop.; dlemek v to stop, halt, camp
Kerwen uzyn gn rp, agamara
dledi./szlkden/ Ther caravan
travelled all day and stopped in the
evening.; dynmak 2 [dy:nmak] v to
stop, cease el dyndy. The wind
stopped. agy dynandan so asmanda
lemgoar grndi. The rainbow
appeared in the sky after the rain
stopped. Uzak gijesi bilen bolan el daa
gola dyndy. The wind stopped after
blowing all night. En agysy dynmady.
The mother stopped crying.; el zmek1
1 (comp. of el, zmek) to give
something a break, stop doing
something Tikinilikden baga ie
geenimden so elimi tikinden zdm. I
stopped to do sewing after I got another
job.; kesilmek 4 v to stop, end, finish,
terminate suw kesildi the water stopped

292
running comp. id kesilmek ;
kesmek2 4 v to stop suwy kes! stop the
water running! ol bize gelmesini kesdi he
stopped coming to see us kes sesii! shut
up!; saklamak 4 v to stop mayny
saklamak to stop the car; saklanmak 2 v
to stop, pull up duralgada saklanmak to
stop at the halt; togtamak v to be
stopped; togtatmak v to stop; olmak 4
v to stop, break off diplomatik
aragatnaygy olmak to break off
diplomatic relations comp. sa olmak
store basmak 4 v to store Gz alary
maldarlar ot basyp, gya taynlyk
grrler. In the autumn farmers store
grass and keep it for the winter. say.
Ody ze bas, tmese kesek comp.
zne basmak
storey gat 1 n storey, floor, level urnaly
gatyny amak to open the page of
magazine
stork leglek n stork
storm ga n storm Deizde gli ga
turdy. Big storm happened in the sea.
garly ga snow storm say. Garry onasa
ga turar ; harasat 1 [harasa:t] n
hurricane, storm, squall, gale {fig}
storming jehun [je:hun] adj storming,
raging jehun dera raging torrent
stormy jogunly 1 [jo:gunly] adj stormy,
violent, raging, wild, rough (e.g. the
sea) jogunly deiz wild sea
story hekaa [heka:a] n story hekaalar
ygyndysy collection of stories gyzykly
hekaa interesting story; kyssa 2 n
story, narration kyssa atmak to narrate,
to relate comp. durmuy kyssasy ;
powest n narrative tale, story powest
azmak to write a story {lit}
story teller ertekii n story-teller
stout saldamly 3 adj stout, corpulent,
impressive saldamly figura stout/
corpulent figure saldamly dim tmek to
take a wide step {fig}
stoutness ogynlyk 2 [ogy:nlyk] n
stoutness, plumpness Oa ogynlyk
gelir. Stoutness fits him. {humans}
stove pe n oven, stove elektrik pei
electric stove mayny pei heater demir
pe iron stove domna pei furnace

293

saglyk sygyr
straight dz2 1 adj straight, direct dz ol
a straight road; gni 1 adj straight,
direct Gni gidiber. Keep going straight
on. gs-gni (as) straight as a die
straighten dikeltmek 1 v to stand
something up, straighten something,
make erect ykylan zmleri dikeltmek to
stand vines up that have fallen over;
dogrulamak 1 v to straighten, make
straight simi dogrulamak to straighten
the wire; dzetmek 4 v to straighten,
set right Gyaran i ekilp dzetdim.
I straightened the bent nail with a
hammer. Gyyk azylan halyny
dzetdim. I straightened the crooked
carpet.; gnelmek v to straighten, stand
erect, draw oneself up; gneltmek v to
straighten, unbend bilii gneltmek to
straighten one's back taagy gneltmek to
unbend the stick
straightness gnlik 1 n straightness
yzygy gnligi the straightness of a
line; how straight a line is
strange birhili 5 [birhi:li] adj strange,
unusual Lukman zme birhili ylgyryp
seretdi. The doctor looked at my face
with a strange smile. Bu eper filmi
birhili dniksiz grdm. I watched this
film but strangely didn't understand it.;
del 1 adj strange, foreign del adam
stranger, outsider; tsin [tsi:n] adj
strange, astonishing, surprising comp.
tsin galmak
strangeness tsinlik strangeness
stranger gelmiek n stranger, outsider,
foreigner {colloq}; musapyr 2
[musa:pyr] adj stranger, outsider Ol bu
urtda musapyr bolup aaar. He lives
as stranger in this country.; at1 1 [a:t]
n stranger, outsider ahanada at adam
hem bardy. There were strangers in the
caf as well.
straw saman [sa:man] n straw, hay saman
kme hayloft, haystack, hayrick,
haycock comp. saman astyndan suw
gobermek
strawberry er tudana (comp. of tudana,
er) strawberry Bir gzel bazar gni er
tudana ygnamaga gitdik. On a beautiful
Sunday we went to collect strawberries.

streak yramak 1 v to streak, soil, dirty

ste yramak to make oneself dirty
elii yramak to soil one's hands
{colloq}
stream akar n stream, brook;
pasyrdamak 2 v to stream, fly, flutter
badaklar pasyrdaar banners stream/
flap pasyrdaan badaklar streaming
banners
street ke n street, road Atabaew kesi
Atabayev street Biz Nyazow kesinde
aaarys. We live on Nyyazov street.
strength g 1 n strength, power g
toplamak to gain strength Onu gji
etenok. He's not strong enough. (sem.
domains: 2.4.1 - Strong.); kuwwat 1
[kuwwa:t] n strength, energy
kuwwatdan galmak to lose one's strength
(sem. domains: 2.4.1 - Strong.)
{animate}; mydar 1 [myda:r] n
strength, force onu remge mydary
galmady he was unable to walk comp.
bar mydarym comp. mydar etmek ;
saglyk 1 n strength comp. saglyk sygyr ;
ysgyn n strength ysgyn dan gamak to
lose strength, to grow weak Alyk onu
bar ysgynyny alypdyr. Famine has taken
all his strength.
strength, power zorluk 2 [zo:rluk] n
strength, power Onu bizden zordugy
mlim boldy. It was clear that he was
stronger than us.
strengthen berkitmek 1 v to strengthen,
improve zara gatnaygy berkit to
strengthen the relations between us
Sowuk suw saglygy berkidr. Cold water
improves your health.; beterlemek 1 v
to get stronger, strengthen lde el
gitdigie beterlerdi. In the desert the
wind got stronger and stronger.;
glendirmek 2 v to make stronger,
strengthen; glenmek v to
strengthen, gain in strength, gain in
power; kuwwatlanmak
[kuwwa:tlanmak] v strengthen, to
become strong, to gain strength, to
become powerful Sen arawsyz bolsada, bir zatlar iip kuwwatlanmaly. You
should eat something and try to regain
your strength even if you're sick.;
mkmlemek v to strengthen,
consolidate, make firm/strong Olary

pugtalanmak
agasy bolanso, magala binady
mkmledi. Family foundation became
firm after their child was born. ; mw
almak (comp. of) to strengthen, become
stronger or heavier; to rage, storm, be
violent Harasat gitdigie mw alardy.
The storm was becoming stronger and
stronger. mw urmak to storm heavily
Deiz barha mw urar. Sea rages more
strongly.; mwjemek v to strengthen,
become stronger or heavier; to rage,
storm, be violent deiz mwjer the
storm is raging Tolkunlar mwjer. The
waves are raging.; pugtalandyrmak cf:
pugtalanmak. v to strengthen, make
strong parahatylygy pugtalandyrmak to
consolidate the peace
stress basym2 n stress, accent basymly
bogun stressed syllable Belli szleri
basymly we basymsyz bogyna blmek.
Well known words can be divided into
those with stress and those without
stress. {linguistics}
stretch germek 1 v to stretch comp.
kkenek germek
strict berk 1 adj strict Okuwysyny berk
tutan mugallym bardy. The teacher was
strict with the pupils.
strictness berklik 2 n strictness Tze
goulan olbaymyzy berkligi, meni
haran galdyrdy. I was surprised at the
strictness of our newly appointed
leader. ediln talaby berkligi the
strictness of the demand
strike aksia 2 ['aksia] n a strike Zawod
igrleri bir gnlk aksia geirdiler. The
factory workers went on strike for a
day.; urmak 4 v to strike, to hit Merdan
awda bir atanda iki rdegi urup aldy.
While hunting Merdan hit two ducks
with one shot. Sagady on ik urmagy
bilen Tze yly birinji gni balanar.
When the clock strikes 12 times New
Year begins. comp. agyz urmak comp.
azm urmak comp. hars urmak comp.
Huda ursun! comp. kk urmak comp.
zi oda urmak comp. rek urmak
comp. sowuk urmak tok urmak comp.
urup amak comp. ama urmak ;
urulmak 2 v to strike Gije on ikide
sagady dili on iki gezek urlanda,
Zoluka bar jadysy aylar. When the

294
clock strikes twelve at midnight,
Zolushka will loose all magic. comp. bir
okda iki rdek urulmak
string kiri n string (of musical
instrument) dutary kiri string of a
dutar kiri ekmek to string kiri
gowatmak to loosen the string bagy
dutary kirini gowatdy the musician
loosened the string of the dutar; p 2 n
string, cord haly p carpet thread (from
wool) {thin but strong} comp. Onu
pni stne odun goar aly dl.
comp. psz damak
stripe zolak 1 [zo:lak] n stripe zolak
yzykly in stripes
striped zol-zol2 [zo:l-zo:l] striped zol-zol
mata striped fabric/cloth; zolakly
[zo:lakly] adj striped, stripy, in stripes
ak-gk zolakly mata material in blue and
white stripes
strive for kowalamak 2 cf: kowalamak,
kowmak. v to strive (for, after), seek
pula kowalamak to strive for money
stroke sypalamak [sy:palamak] v to
stroke, feel, caress
strong ajy 3 [a:jy] adj strong, stewed ajy
a strong tea {tea} comp. ajy sz ;
berk 2 adj strong, durable, hard berk
matadan tikilen eik Clothing made from
strong material berk mata durable stuff,
hard-wearing fabric Sowukda analary
berk apmaly. During cold weather
windows have to be shut tight. berk
ynam strong faith; daaw adj strong,
strapping, hunky, burly daaw adam
strong man; erbet 2 adj strong, loud Ol
gorkudan erbet ses etdi. He was
frightened and made a loud noise.;
gurply 1 adj strong, powerful gurply
gollar strong hands; gli 1 adj strong,
good, talented Ol matematikadan gli
He is good at mathematics. gli at
strong horse; kuwwatly 1 [kuwwa:tly]
adj strong, powerful, mighty, vigorous
kuwwatly eller strong hands; rstem adj
strong, invincible; iti 7 adj strong,
pungent iti ys pungent smell comp. iti
zehinli comp. iti-iti ; zor 2 [zo:r] n
strong zor ylgamak to run quickly Yagy
dogrudan hem zor agardy. It used to
really pour down with rain.

295

okatdyrmak
strong-armed eli agyr (comp. of el) to
have a strong right arm Batyr plwany
eli agyr, garydayny bir uranda atyrar.
The right arm of the boxer Batyr is
strong - he floored his opponent with
one blow.
stronghold direg 2 [di:reg] n stronghold,
support Dogan dogana direg bolmaly.
Brothers should support each other.
Halklar arasyndaky dostluk
parahatylygy diregi. Friendship
between peoples is a stronghold of
peace. Hakyky dost kyn gnde direg
bolar. A true friend is a stronghold when
things get tough. Meni diregim ok. I
lack support.
strongly batly 1 [ba:tly] adv strongly,
intensely, powerfully Batly emal miweli
baglary gllerini gayrdy. The strong
wind brought down the blossom in the
orchard.
structure bina 2 [bina:] n structure
binany berkden tutmak to build a
building very well; desga [desga:] n
installation, construction, structure,
building; gurlu n structure, system,
composition, construction jemgetilikykdysady gurlu social and economic
structure maddany gurluy composition
of a substance jay gurluy construction
of a house turkmen dilini grammatik
gurluy the grammatical structure of the
Turkmen language {grammar}
struggle ary 1 [a:ry] n struggle
student okuwy 1 n student; talyp
[ta:ly:p] n student comp. talyp haky
studies okuw 1 n studies okuwy gutarmak
to complete one's studies okuw kitaby
textbook okuw yly academic year
okuwa girmek a) to start school b) to
start university okuw blmi office of the
head of studies okuw wagty school hours
{education}
studio atele 1 [atel'e] n studio surat
atelesi photo studio; ussahana 4
[ussaha:na] n (art) studio Tze
hekellerini grkezmek in eper
joralaryny z ussahanasyna agyrdy.
Cheper invited her friends to her art
studio to show them her new sculptures.
eperilik ussahanasyna tlim almak in
a talyplar gelip surat ekmegi

wrendiler. Students came to art studio;

sculpture's studio to learn something
and learned to draw a painting.
study bilim almak ( bilim) to study, gain
instruction; kabinet 1 n office, study,
consulting-room, surgery direktory
kabineti principal's office; okamak 2 cf:
okatmak, okatdyrmak. v to study; to
read; to study; to recite, say; to give
mekdepde okamak to attend school sesli
okamak to read aloud doga okamak to
say a prayer, pray leksia okamak to
lecture, give/deliver a lecture Her molla
z bilenini okar. Each mullah prays from
his own knowledge. alky okamak to
give thanks for uniwersitetde okamak to
study at the University Ol gazet okap
bilr. He can read a newspaper, (sem.
domains: 3.5.4.2 - Saying, proverb.);
ylym 2 n study
stuff dykmak 1 v to stuff, fill, cram
pullary jbie dykmak to stuff money
into a pocket. Kne gerekmejek
golarymyzy kme jaa dykdyk. We
stuffed our old things in the barn.
Gyzym bar ounjaklaryny uly korobka
dykypdyr. My daughter stuffed all the
toys into the big box. Bir tegelek nany iki
eplp goltugyna dykyp alyp gitdi. I
wrapped one round loaf and he left
stuffing it into under his arm.
Gapjygymy nir dykdy? Where have
you stuffed my wallet?
stuffy dymmak2 adj stuffy, close, humid
Howa dymar. the weather is humid.
stumble bdremek v to stumble (over),
get stuck (on) Awtobusa etijek bolup
ylgamda, daa bdrp dyzyma ykyldym.
When I was running for a bus, I
stumbled over a stone and fell to my
knees. Garakyda bir zada bdrp tas
ykylypdym. Basmanakda bdrp,
ykylmajak bolup germeden apydym.
Bu i meni bdretdi. Saz alanda, onu eli
bdrer.
stump te n stump {tree}
stunt man kaskader n stunt man
stupid agzybo 2 adj stupid; akmak2 adj
stupid, foolish; akyly kelte (comp. of
akyl) lacking intellect, not very smart;
bolgusyz adj stupid, useless, good-fornothing, pointless Bolgusyz adamy

ugruna
edn hereketi dnksiz. I stupid
person's actions can't be understood.
Bolgusyz grri bes et! Stop your
pointless talk! Bolgusyz arap kellmi
biderek grrler bilen agyrtma.;
kemakyl adj stupid, thick, lacking in
common-sense kemakyl aga stupid
child
stupidity akmaklyk n stupidity
stutter sakawlamak v to stutter, stammer
style ugur 2 cf: ugruna. post style
sungatda realistik ugur a realistic art style
abstraksionizm ugry abstract style ugruna
bolmak comp. ugruna ykmak comp.
ugur almak comp. ugur hayr bola!
comp. ugur tapmak
sub machine-gun awtomat 1 [awto'mat]
n sub machine-gun, automatic rifle
awtomatdan ot amak to open fire
subdue egdirmek v subdue comp. boun
egdirmek
subject ders1 n subject (for study etc.),
lesson, topic derslerine gowy etin
okuwy the pupil who studies well in his
subjects; ders2 n subject, topic; duar
etmek v to subject, inflict, confront; ee
4 n subject (of phrase or sentence)
Szlemi ba agzasy ee we habar. The
main parts of a sentence are the subject
and the predicate. {grammar} comp.
ee bolmak ; mowzuk cf: tema. n
subject, topic, theme, issue Biz
Prezidentimizi "Dwlet adam indir!"
mowzugyny goldaarys. We support
theme of our President "State for
human!".; sapak2 2 n subject ol hemme
sapaklardan blik aldy he got an
excellent for all subjects; tema cf:
mowzuk. n subject, topic, theme, issue
subjugate boun egdirmek (comp. of
egdirmek) to subjugate, subdue
submit boun egmek 1 (comp. of boun,
egmek) to submit Ulumsy adamlar asat
bonuny egmerler. Proud people do not
find it easy to submit.
subordinate tabyn [ta:by:n] adj
subordinate, under (the command of)
tabyn etmek to subjugate, subdue tabyn
bolmak to put oneself under
subordination tabynlyk n subordination,
the fact of being subordinate (to)

296
subscribe azylmak2 2 v to subscribe
gazete azylmak to subscribe to a
newspaper
subside pessalamak 2 [pessa:lamak] v
to calm down, subside, drop el
pessalaar the wind is dropping
substance jisim 1 n substance, matter
gaty jisim a solid umak jisim liquid;
madda2 n substance; matter partlajy
madda explosive zherleji madda
poison-gas imitlendiriji madda nutrient
substantiate esaslandyrmak 1
[esa:slandyrmak] v to substantiate, give
proof (of) z pikirii esaslandyrmak to
give reasons for one's thinking
substitute zapas 6 [za'pas] cf: rezerw,
tialyk, ykalga, haryt, predmet,
sapak, dersi, alar, zat. n substitute
zapas ouny substitute, reserve {sports}
subtract ayrmak 4 v to subtract; to
subtract, take away, take, minus Altydan
ikini ayrmak subtract two from six
ayrmak belgisi minus sign
{mathematics}
succeed jpne dmek (comp. of jp)
to be a success, be successful, work,
succeed Onu swdasy jpne ddi. His
shopping was successful.; etimek 2 v
to make, succeed bolup etimek to
become
success stnlik n success stnlik
gazanmak to have success stnlik bilen
successfully Men size stnlik arzuw
edrin. I wish you every success.
successful o adj successful, happy Ii o
bolsun! Good luck!; rowa [rowa:] adj
successful, lucky rowa bolmak to be
successful ii rowa bolsun! Good luck!,
I wish you every success!
successfully stnlikli adj successfully ii
stnlikli alyp barmak to carry out a task
successfully
such pylan [pyla:n] adj such pylan adam
such a person (indefinite) pylan wagtda
such-and-such a time, at that time;
zeilli adj such, such as, like, similar
(to) bu zeilli like this, such Ol bu zeilli
zady hi wagt grmndi. He had never
seen anything like this.
such as kimin [kimi:n] post such as, like
aga kimin such as a child Biz ndip

297

rege dmek
unu kimin hekaany dndirmelikk?
How can we make sense of such a story
as this?
suck sormak [so:rmak] v to suck
suddenly birden adv suddenly, all of a
sudden, unexpectedly It birden stme
topuldy. The dog suddenly pounced on
me. Ot birden gplp gitdi. Buzy stinde
hzir bolmasa, ol birden at ayp dwilip
bilr.; birdenk adv suddenly, all of a
sudden Birdenk seni dini bolmaz. All
of a sudden your religion will disappear.
Birdenk agy agsa, zontigi geregi
ykar. If it suddenly starts raining you'll
need an umbrella.; tiz [ti:z] adv
suddenly, quickly tiz kmek mayny
ambulance
suffer ydamak 1 n to suffer, endure
agyra ydamak to suffer pain; ejir
ekmek (comp. of ekmek1) to suffer;
gan uwutmak (comp. of gan,
uwutmak) to suffer; to torment, feel
unhappy; horlanmak 2 [ho:rlanmak] v
suffer, experience distress yssydan
horlanmak to suffer from the heat
desizlikden horlanmak suffer from
inequality; horlyk ekmek [ho:rlyk
ekmek] v to suffer; kynylyk ekmek
(comp. of ekmek1) v to suffer, have
difficulties Uru dwrnde kp adamlar
agyr kynylyk ekipdirler. During the war
a lot of people suffered.; sezewar
[sezewa:r] n suffer sezewar bolmak to
suffer, be subjected to, be exposed; to
face (with), meet (with) sezewar etmek
to doom, expose elie sezewar etmek to
defeat elie sezewar bolmak to be
defeated, sustain a defeat
suffering azar 3 [aza:r] n suffering azar
ekmek to suffer comp. Onu azaryna-da
dl. ; helkilik 2 n suffering, hardship
comp. ol helkiligi ; horluk 1
[ho:rluk] n suffering, distress, torment,
torture, pangs alyk horlugy pangs of
hunger horluk ekmek to suffer horluk
grmek to experience torment; jebir 2 n
suffering, affliction, pain, torment jebir
bermek to make somebody suffer jebir
ekmek to suffer agyrydan jebir ekmek to
be racked with pain jebir eken martyr
comp. jebir-jepa comp. jebir-stem ;
jebir-jepa 1 (comp. of jebir) n pain and

suffering Men alygymda hli jebirjepalary ekmeli boldum. I experienced

all sorts of pain and suffering in my
youth. jebir-jepaly durmu a life of
suffering; jepa 1 [jepa:] n suffering,
pain kp jepalary badan geirmek to
experience much/a lot of suffering jepa
ekmek to torture/torment, to make
suffer; yza 2 [yza:] n suffering yza
bermek to hurt, make suffer yzasyny
ekmek to suffer
suffering and oppression jebir-stem
(comp. of jebir) n Sufi? sopy [so:py] n Sufi?
sugar gant n sugar gant zawody sugarrefinery gant bilen a imek drink teaa
with sugar gant keseli diabetes gant
ugundyry sugar-beet; eker n sugar
sugared gantly adj sugared, sugary, sweet
gantly a sugared tea, tea with sugar,
sweet tea
suggestion hdr 2 n suggestion hdr
etmek to suggest; teklip [tekli:p] n
suggestion, offer teklip etmek to make a
suggestion, to offer
suit dmek2 8 cf: dnmek. v to be of
use, to suit, be becoming u knegi
reki saa ddi. The colour of this dress
suits you. comp. abradan dmek
comp. aa dmek comp. aagy dmek
comp. ara dmek comp. bay dmek
comp. ke dmek comp. ele dmek
comp. gorka dmek comp. haldan
dmek comp. howsala dmek comp.
jayna dmek comp. kne dmek
comp. kjesine dmek comp. ruhdan
dmek comp. salkyn dmek comp.
surata dmek comp. tapdan dmek
comp. stnden dmek1 comp. yka
dmek comp. ada dmek comp. ola
dmek comp. rege dmek ; dm1
n suit, suitability; gelimek1 1 v to suit,
fit Bu knek saa gelimer. This shirt
doesn't suit you. Bu rek seni ze
gelir. This color suits for your face.;
kostum [kos'tum] n suit, costume
Kerim owadan gara kostum we galstuk
geipdir we juda syratly bolupdyr. Kerim
wore a beautiful black suit and tie and
looked very smart.; aramak2 v to suit,
fit, do (for) Geen geimi oa arayp

anbukja
dur. Whatever he wears suits him very
well.
suitable amat [a:mat] adv suitable; em
adj suitable, appropriate emi gelende
atmak to tell at the right moment
emini tapmak to find a suitable moment
emine salmak; mynasyp 2 [myna:sy:p]
adj suitable, someone deserves mynasyp
baha a mark someone deserves Gzel
gyz, grmege igit, bular mynasyp birbirine jbt. A beautiful girl and a
handsome young man - they are really
are a suitable couple.; aramly 1 adj
suitable, appropriate, good (for), fit
(for)
suitcase emodan cf: anbukja. n
suitcase, case
sulphur kkrt 1 n sulphur, brimstone
kkrt kislotasy sulphuric acid (sem.
domains: 1.2.3 - Solid, liquid, gas.)
sultan soltan [solta:n] n sultan
sum jem 1 n sum, total jemini ykarmak to
sum up iki goulyjyny jemi the sum of
two parts
summarise jemlemek 2 cf: komplekt. v
to sum up, summarise, condense
netijeleri jemlemek to summarise the
conclusions; umumyladyrmak 1
[umu:myladyrmak] v to summarise
Geirilen tejribeleri netijelerini
umumyladyrmak in mugallym leksia
geirdi. To summarise the results of
experiments, the teacher gave a lecture.
Mugallym okuwa okap gutarylan tema
bouna romany umumyladyrmagyny
sorady. The teacher asked the student to
summarise the novel which he had read.
Geen temany umumyladyrmak in u
gnki sapakda mugallym ene-de ki
temadan sorag berdi. To summarise the
last subject, the teacher asked questions
from the last subject again.
summer tomus n summer
sun gn 1 n sun Gn dogdy The sun has
risen. Gn ady The sun has set. Gn
sistemasy solar system Gn tutulmasy
solar eclipse Gn hlesi sunshine,
sunlight; gne adj sun, sunny jay
gne tarapy the sunny side of a house
sunbeam yyk 2 n ray of light, sunbeam
Go, hemie Gn yygyny sayp dursun!
May Sun always sunshine!

298
Sunday bazar gni [ba:zar gn] n
Sunday, market day Bazar gni bazara
kp haryt ykarylar. On Sunday many
goods are taken to market.; ekenbe n
Sunday ekenbe gni kp adamlar
bazara gidrler. On Sunday most people
go to shopping. {literary}
sunflower seed igit 1 n sunflower seed
sunna snnet 2 n sunna [traditions
concerning the prophet Muhammad and
the Koran] {religious}
Sunni snnler n Sunni; si2 adj Sunni
{religious}
sunny gne adj sunny; gneli adj sunny
gneli gnler sunny days, days when the
sun shines gneli Trkmenistan sunny
Turkmenistan
superstition
superstitious yrymy adj superstitious
yrymy adam superstitious person
Trkmenler yrymy halk. Turkmen is
superstitous nation.
supper agamlyk n supper, evening meal,
dinner
supplementary gomaa adj
supplementary, additional, extra
gomaa sorag bermek ask an additional
question gomaa wagt extra time
supplies zapas 2 [za'pas] cf: rezerw,
tialyk, ykalga, haryt, predmet,
sapak, dersi, alar, zat. n supplies
zapas gomak to lay aside, put in store
{food}
supply gas gazladyrmak
[ga:zladyrmak] v to install gas (in),
supply with gas senagaty gazladyrmak
to supply the industry with gas
support arka 4 n support Onda arka ok.
He has no support/backing. (political,
financial, family) Ol arka durjak. He will
provide support. Ol kakasyny puluny
arkasyndan instituty tamamlady. He
completed his studies at university
thanks to the help of his father's bribes.
He bribed his way through university
with his father's help. arka tapmak to
find support, find a sponsor comp.
arkasyndan grrini etmek ;
arkadaan n support, patron,
protector; daan 1 n support, prop Ol
daan in aagyny daa diredi. daan

299

uwutmak
nokady fulcrum; daanyyk n support,
help zara daanyyk etmek to support
each other; delalat 1 [dela:lat] n
support, help, use delalat soramak to ask
for help delalat tapmak to find help/
support delalat etmek to help, support;
eklemek v to keep, maintain, support,
look after dependants magala eklemek
to support/keep a family eklp saklamak
to bring up; goldamak v to support,
help, give help moral tadan goldamak to
give moral support teklibi goldamak to
support the proposal; goldaw n support,
help goldaw bermek to support, help
supporter eerje n supporter, advocate
eerje szlem subordinate clause
{grammar}; tarapdar 1 [tarapda:r] n
partisan, supporter; aran [a:ra:n] n
supporter, adherent, advocate, ally,
companion ze aran edinmek to
become friends (with) amana aran
bolma. Don't be friends with bad people.
supportive arkaly 1 adj supportive arkaly
at honoured name (named in honour of
s.o.) Ol mtler in arkaly olbaydy.
He is indispensable to the poor. (instead
of 'indispensable to', maybe
'philanthropist for' or 'supporter of'?)
arkaly adam person who supports (a
person or project) say. Arkaly kpek
gurt alar
suppose aklamak v to suppose,
conjecture, surmise, assume
supposition en 1 n supposition, thought,
opinion; intention Onu eni dorgy
ykdy.
suppress atyrmak 5 [atyrmak] v to
suppress comp. atyr
sura sre sura [chapter in the Koran]
surname familia [fa'milia] n surname
surplus zyat [zya:t] adj surplus Men bu
sowgady altyndan zyat hasaplaaryn. I
consider this gift surplus than gold.
surprise ak n surprise, astonishment ak
bolmak to be astonished; ak-tak
surprise comp. ak-tak bolmak ;
haran [hara:n] n surprise,
astonishment, amazement haran
galmak to be astonished (at), be
surprised (at), be amazed (at) haran
galdyrmak (etmek) to astonish, surprise,
amaze

surprised aalmak v to be surprised, be

struck, be astonished
surprising ge adj surprising, remarkable,
wonderful, extraordinary ge waka a
surprising event ge zat strange thing;
strange! ge galdyrmak to surprise
(someone) comp. ge galmak comp. ge
grmek
surround gabamak 1 v to surround,
encircle, blockade, block dumany
gabamak to encircle the enemy;
guramak v to surround, encircle
surrounded gabalmak 1 [ga:balmak] v to
be surrounded, be encircled day
gabalmak to be encircled; guralmak v
to be/get surrounded
swaddling arlyk n swaddling clothes
swaddling_clothes gundag n swaddling
clothes [the cloth that babies are
wrapped in after birth]
swallow uwutmak cf: uwdunmak. v
to swallow derman uwutmak to swallow
pills uwudyp gobermek to swallow
comp. dilii uwutmak comp. gaharyy
uwutmak comp. gan uwutmak comp.
er uwutmak comp. er uwutmy!
swallow one's saliva uwdunmak cf:
uwutmak. v to swallow one's saliva Ol
regi bir dilp uwdundy. He swallowed
hardly his one bite of bread.
swallow your tongue dili uwutmak
(comp. of dil2) v to swallow your
tongue, keep silent Nme geplemn
dursu dilii uwutdymy? Why do you
keep silent, did you swallow your
tongue?
swamp batga n swamp, marsh, bog
Obamyzda agydan so batgasyndan
aa rr aly dl. After it rains in our
village you can't walk because it's like a
bog.
swear ant imek (comp. of imek) to
take one's oath, to swear an oath
swear by nan ursun (comp. of nan) I
swear by the book that... alan adan
bolsam, go, meni nan ursun! If I've lied
may I be run over by a double-decker
bus!
sweat der n sweat dere batmak to break
out in a sweat, perspire der dkmek to
work hard gara dere batmak to break out

tutan guuny tmek

in a sweat; derlemek v to sweat,
perspire Men a iip derledim. I was
perspiring through drinking tea.
Anany zi derlpdir. Aynas face was
damp with perspiration.
sweep sprmek v to clean, sweep, dust
ierini sprmek to clean the inside
sweet bal aly (comp. of bal1) sweet,
tasty Emeli bal bilen hakyky ary balyny
tapawdy er bilen gk aly. Artificial
honey and real bee honey are as
different as earth and heaven. Nahary
tagamy bal aly bolupdyr. The food was
as sweet as honey (i.e. tasty).; sji 1 n
a sweet; sweet Sji-pji okmykam?
Haven't you got any sweets?
swell imek 1 [i:mek] v to swell, be
swollen Onu aagy iipdir. His foot is
swollen.; gabarmak 2 [ga:barmak] v to
swell, be covered with swellings Ellerim
gabarypdyr. My hands have swollen up.
swelling i1 1 [i:] n swelling, bump,
pock-mark Onu znde dmewden
galan i bar. There is a pock-mark on
his face from when he had the 'flu.
swim zmek 2 v to swim derada
zmek to swim in the river zp
gemek to swim across
swimming pool howuz 2 n swimming
pool, reservoir, water tank
swindle aldaw [a:ldaw] n swindle, fraud;
tmek 2 v to swindle, to cheat, deceive
ol meni tdi he cheated me Satyjy meni
gowy tpdir. seller has cheated me very
well {fig} comp. tutan guuny tmek
swindler aldawy [a:ldawy] n swindler,
liar, con-man
swindling aldawylyk [a:ldawylyk] n
swindling, deceptive actions
swing hiildik n swing hiildik umak
to swing [for Gurban Baram (festival)young people swing away their sins on a
plank suspended from a large metal
frame]; sallanak 2 n swing sallanakda
umak to swing; umak 2 v to swing, to
rock Aglamaz aly Mhri gyz jigsini
sallanakda uurdy, olam uklady. To
comfort her younger sister Mahri swung
her in the cradle and she fell asleep.
Yralan oturguda Glat umagy
halaar. Gulshat loves swinging on a

300
swinging chair. Gulshat loves swinging
on a swinging chair. comp. gzden
umak comp. kellden umak ;
uurmak 3 v to swing someone, to push
someone on the swings, to rock
someone Mekan bizi Gurbanlykda
hiilikde uurdy. Mekan pushed us on
the swings during the Holidays of
Gurban. Glat, emady atyrmak in
sallanakda wredi. Gulshat put
Shemshat in the cradle to rock her to
sleep. Glat emady atyrmak in
sallanakda wredi. comp. baydan
huuny uurmak comp. sz uurmak ;
wremek v to swing, to rock sallanagy
wremek to swing a cradle
switch ybyk 1 [y:byk] n switch, rod tal
ybyk a switch made from tal
sword gyly n sword, scimitar
syllable bogun 2 n syllable comp. bogny
ysmazlyk comp. bogun agyrysy ;
bogunly adj syllable Ors dilinde iki
bogunly szleri wrenmek asat bolmady.
In Russian it wasn't easy to learn the
two syllable words.
syllabus programma 6 cf: maksatnama,
proekt. n syllabus, curriculum okuw
programmasy syllabus, curriculum
trkmen dilinden programma Turkmen
syllabus
symbol alamat 2 [ala:mat] n symbol Ak
kepderi - parahatylyk alamaty. A white
dove is a symbol of peace.; belgi 2 cf:
nomer, legli, san, sany. n symbol
kartany zndki belgiler symbols on
the map comp. dyngy belgileri
sympathetic dertde 2 adj sympathetic,
sharing each other's worries and
concerns; gamhor [gamho:r] adj
sympathetic, compassionate
sympathetic illness dertde 1 adj having
the same illness
sympathy gamhorlyk [gamho:rlyk] n
sympathy, concern gamhorlyk bildirmek
to express sympathy (concerning), have
sympathy (for)
synagogue ybadathana 4 [yba:datha:na]
n synagogue; temple {Jewish}
synthetic sintetik n synthetic
syrup toap [toa:p] n syrup, treacle

301

Nanyny aan aa eter, donuny aan toa

system nyzam 1 [nyza:m] n a system,
order, line, row nyzama durmak to stand
in a line Baglar nyzam bilen ekilipdir.
Trees sowed in rows [in an orchard].;
sistema [sis'tema] cf: ulgam. n system

systematic meilnamaly cf: planly. adj

systematic, planned Olar okuwlary
meilnamaly okadarlar. They teach
lessons by systematic.

Tt

table stol n table; tablisa n table

tablecloth saak 1 n tablecloth, breadstorage cloth Go sizi saagayzy
bereketi egsilmesin! May your table
always be full of food! [cloth used for
both keeping bread and eating off and
traditionally made from camel wool]
tact eda 1 [eda:] n tact eda bilen grlemek
to speak with tact
tail guruk 1 n tail comp. guruk
tutdurmazlyk
taint zaalamak 2 [za:alamak] v to taint
or to rape by forse Gije erbet oglanlar
p, bir gyzy zaalapdyrlar. At night
bad boys gathered and tainted/raped a
girl. {ritual cleansing} comp. z
nerwii zaalama!
Tajik tjik 2 adj Tajik men tjik I am a
Tajik tjik adam a Tajik man (sem.
domains: 4.1.2 - Types of people.)
Tajikistan Tjigistan [Tigista:n] n
Tajikistan (sem. domains: 9.7.2.1 Names of countries.)
take aladalanmak v to take care of, look
after, worry about; aldyrmak 3 v to
take Dmewe bar gjmi aldyrdym. The
'flu took out all my strength. comp.
aldyrany bar aly ; almak 1 cf: satyn
almak2. v to take, get, obtain, bring Bu
i kp wagt alar. This work takes a long
time. dyn almak to take a break, to
have a rest z stne almak. To take
responsibility. comp. Al gerek bolsa!
comp. ar almak comp. at almak comp.
basyp almak comp. dyrnagyy almak
comp. elie almak comp. gary almak
comp. gwne almak comp. talap
almak ; bermek 2 v to take ekzamen

bermek to take an exam okuwylara

zmge mesele bermek to give students a
problem to solve; esaslandyrmak 2
[esa:slandyrmak] v to take sungatda tze
ugry esaslandyrmak to take the industry
in a new direction; kitmek v to take
(someone somewhere); sogurmak v to
take out, pull out, extract Kempir ini
sogrupdyr. The old lady took the needle
out.; tabyrmak 2 v to take, pass
{exam}
take aim nyanalamak [nya:nalamak] v
to take aim (at) Ol ylany kellesinden
nyanalady. He took aim at the head of
snake.
take away ayrmak 2 v to take away
odun ayrmak to take away something
agany stden ayrmak to wean a child
take bite tamanmak 2 v to eat a small
amount, take a bite
take blood gan almak 1 (comp. of gan)
to take blood
take care aamak 2 v to take care
kwii aa to take care of one's shoes
Saglygy aamak gerek. One must guard
one's health. kwi aamak to take
care of one's shoes say. Nanyny aan
aa eter, donuny aan toa
take care of dolamak 3 v to take care of
Hzir hojalygyy dolamak alada boldy.
Now it is a worry to take care of the
family. Uly magalany dolamak in uly
girdeji gerek. To take care of a large
family you need a large budget.;
perwana bolmak (comp. of perwana)
a) to take care (of) b) put one's whole
soul (into)

ba ykarmak
take control elie almak (comp. of
almak) to take control, to take
something into one's own hands
Mugallym klasy tertibini z eline aldy.
The teacher took the class's discipline
into her own hands.
take off ykarmak1 2 v to put off, take off
knegii ykarmak to take one's shirt off
comp. ba ykarmak comp. netije
ykarmak comp. atdan ykarmak
comp. ze ykarmak ; ykarynmak v
to take off, put off
take offence kemsinmek v to feel small,
be lacking in confidence, feel unworthy,
find fault with oneself Men rusa
bilmendigim in ide kemsindim. I felt
small at work because of I don't know
Russian.
take offence at ynjamak1 v to take
offence (at), be offended (by), to feel
hurt (by) Hi haan ejeizi ynjytma!
Never offence your mother!
take out ykarmak1 1 v to get out, take
out sumkadan kitaplaryy ykarmak to
take one's books out of one's bag comp.
ba ykarmak comp. netije ykarmak
comp. atdan ykarmak comp. ze
ykarmak
take part ba gomak (comp. of gomak)
to take part in something, take to
someone
take pity rehimi inmek (comp. of
inmek) to take pity/compassion (on), to
feel sorry (for)
take revenge ar almak (comp. of almak)
to take revenge; haklamak 2 to take
revenge
taken alynmak 1 v to be taken u yl
erden gowy hasyl alyndy. This year a
good harvest was taken in from the
land. alynma sz a loan word (sem.
domains: 3.5.3.1 - Word, Ling Linguistics.) dyngata alynmak ;
arylmak 1 v to be taken away, be
separated Miwesini gterip bilmedik aha
arylypdyr. The branch sags due to the
weight of the fruit.; eltilmek v to be
taken (to) mayn bilen eltilmek to be
taken by car
tale rowaat 2 [rowa:at] n tale, fairytale
{often for children}

302
talented ussat 2 [ussa:t] cf: ekspert. adj
skilful, talented Batyr saza ukyply bolup,
ussat sazanda bolup etidi. Batyr was
talented in music, so he became a
skillful musician. Annaguly
Nurmmmedow ussat azyjylary birisi.
Annaguly Nurmamedov is one of the
most talented writers. Men tikinilik
iinde ussat bolsamam entek edilmeli we
wrenmeli zatlar juda kp. Annaguly
Nurmmmedow ussat azyjylary biri.
Annaguly Nurmamedov is one of the
most talented writers.
talentless gowak 3 adj talentless;
krzehin 1 [k:rzehi:n] adj talentless,
undistinguished, third-rate krzehin
aktor ham actor krzehin adymy
third-rate singer
talk diimek 1 v to talk, converse Arada
biz bu meselni diidik,ne ene-de
atladasym gelr. We discussed this
problem before, but I want to remind
you of it once again. ; gep n talk,
speech, word, conversation Men onu
gepine gitdim. I followed his advice. gep
bermek to lecture gep amak to begin to
speak gepii ggertmek to succeed in
getting one's own way gep gezdirmek to
gossip geplei organlary speech organs
comp. gep-grr ; geplemek 1 cf:
szlemek. v to talk (to one another),
chat, discuss, converse Biz geplemeli.
We need to talk. Muny geplemek gerek.
That needs discussing. Biz telefonda
gepledik. We spoke on the telephone.
Geplemn otury! Sit in silence!;
grlemek 1 v to talk, have a talk,
converse, have a conversation i barada
grlemek to have a talk about work/
business
talk about agzamak v to talk about
something, discuss
talk_rubbish samramak 2 v to talk
nonsense, talk rubbish
talkative ara adj talkative, garrulous
Men ara adamlary halamok. I don't
like garrulous people.
talks gep-grr 1 (comp. of gep,
grr) n talks, conversations Sen ol
barada grr eitdimi? Have you heard
anything about her?; gepleik 1 n talks,
negotiations diplomatik gepleikler

303

arasyna duz sepmek

diplomatic talks iki krhanany
arasyndaky gepleik talks between two
enterprizes
tall belent adj tall, high, lofty belent bayr
high hill belent ymarat tall building
Trkmenistany hazirki belent ymaratlary
meni ge galdyrdy. I was surprised at the
number of high buildings in
Turkmenistan. Toda ilki bilen sz
berilen, kakamy jygysy belent mertebeli
ary kakam boldy. The first person to
say something at the wedding was my
father's younger brother the highly
respected Uncle Chary. belent magsatlar
lofty aims; uzyn 2 [uzy:n] adj tall
Gunany oldayny boy uzynlygy in,
Guna onu die kiftine etr. As
Guncha's husband is tall, she only
reaches his shoulder. uzyn dag geelgeleri
high mountain passes Tokada uzyn
agalar bar. There are very tall trees in
forest. uzyn boly gyzlar tall girls Kedr
agalary boy gat jalary boundan
uzyn bolar. The height of cedar trees is
higher than that of three-storey
buildings. say. Boy uzyny akly kelte
comp. eli uzyn comp. uzyn-uzyn comp.
ay uzyn bolsun!
tall and straight syrdam [sy:rdam] adj
tall and straight
tamarisk ylgyn n tamarisk ylgyn halk
lukmanylygynda giden ulanylar. The
Tamarisk is used widely in traditional
medicine. (sem. domains: 1.5 - Plant.)
tan elemek v to tan deri elemek to tan
the skin
tangerine mandarin n mandarin(e),
tangerine; satsuma mandarin agajy
tangerine-tree Meni gyzyma mandarin
allergia berr. Mandarin gives allergy
to my daughter.
tank bak [ba:k] n tank benzin baky petrol
tank Mayny benzin bagyny dolduryp
gitdik. We went out to fill the car's
petrol tank.
tanning agent e1 n tanning agent, tannin
e gabygy to tan e kislotasy tannic acid
tap kran1 1 n tap suw krany tap
tape recorder magnitofon [magnito'fon]
n tape-recorder, tape-recording

machine, cassette player wideo

magnitofon video (cassette) recorder,
VCR
target nyana 1 [nya:na] n target
nyanadan urmak to shoot/hit at target
nyana almak to aim at a target
task umu 1 n task, assignment; errand,
commission, mission umu buurmak to
set a task umy erine etirmek to fulfil
a task umu oglany errand-boy birini
umu oglany bolmak to be somebody's
errand-boy; to be at somebody's beck
and call
taste datmak 1 [da:tmak] v to taste, try,
sample Dadyp gr! Taste and see!
arpyk datmak to be slapped yssynysowugy datmak to suffer from the heat
and cold.; duz 2 [du:z] n taste nahary
duzy the taste of food Duzuny dat! Have
a taste! Duzdan uly bolma./nakyl/ Do
not be big than meal.?????? Nahary
duzy uwan,ene biraz atmaly. The food
is tasteless, it needs more salt. duz
datmak to taste Men gelen myhmanlara
duz-rek berdim. I gave a meal to the
guests who came. Gapy agzynda
durmada ierik gir, duz dat. Do not stand
at the door, come in and taste. comp.
duz iimek comp. duz-tagam comp.
duzy gaan comp. szi duzy ok comp.
arasyna duz sepmek ; tagam 1 n taste
onu tagamy ok it doesn't taste of
anything
taste! mrhet etmek Have a taste! Ejem
geip baran igide rek mrhet etdi.
My mother offered a bread to a man
who passes in the street.
taste-giver tagamlyk n taste-giver, spice,
something added to a dish to make it
tasty
tasty lezzetli 1 adj tasty, tastful lezzetli
tagam tasty dish; sji 2 adj tasty,
delicious; irin adj tasty, delicious;
tagamly adj delicious, tasty
tax gmrk 2 n import tax; salgyt 1 n
tax, duty, customs, tribute salgyt tleji
tax-payer
tax inspector salgyty n tax inspector
taxi taksi [tak'si] n taxi taksi tutmak to
hail a taxi

okamak
tea a [a:] n tea gk a green tea a
ganatmak a demlemek ay demine
gomak
tea lover ahor [a:ho:r] n tea-lover
teach okatmak 2 cf: okamak,
okatdyrmak. v to teach Altyn asyrda
dilleri okatmagy usullary kp. There are
many language teaching methods in the
Golden Century.; wretmek 1
[:wretmek] v to teach, instruct hnr
wretmek to teach a trade comp. Bu
gnki sere dnki sere jik-jik
wreder. ; wretmek 3 [:wretmek] v
to give advice comp. Bu gnki sere
dnki sere jik-jik wreder.
teacher ian-molla [i:a:n-mo:lla] (comp.
of molla) Mullah, teacher of Islam;
mugallym cf: pedagog. n teacher
mugallym bolup ilemek to work as a
teacher; pedagog [peda'gog] cf:
mugallym. n teacher, pedagogue,
educational specialist; olbay 4
[o:lbay] cf: direktor. n teacher,
supervisor ylmy olbay academic
supervisor synp olbay class teacher
teachers' mugallymylyk adj teachers',
pedagogical mugallymylyk instututy
pedagogical institute mugallymylyk kri
profession of teacher
teaching wt cf: wt-ndew, ndew.
n teaching; wt-ndew cf: wt,
ndew. adv teaching and instruction;
taglymat [tagly:ma:t] n doctrine,
systematic teaching
tea-drinker ake [a:ke] n teadrinker
team komanda [ko'manda] cf: topar. n
team futbol komandasy football team
angynylar komandasy fire brigade
teapot nek n teapot; kettle
tear dwmek 3 v break, tear; gza
[gza:] n tear gza etmek to cry,
weep gza edip aglamak to cry bitterly,
weep; gyrmak1 3 v to tear pi gyrmak
to tear the rope; nem 3 n tear Onu
gznde nem grndi. Tears were seen in
her eyes.; zmek 1 v to tear off, break
pi zmek to break the rope simi zmek
to break the wire Bonymdaky
zynjyrymy gyzym ekip zdi. My
daughter tore off a gold chain from my

304
neck. Babamy dutaryny onap taryny
zdm. I broke the string of my
grandfather's dutar while playing on it.
aagyny zmek to break a leg gatnaygy
zmek to break off relations Ol zm
hoasyny zdi. garpyzy sapagyndan zmek
At topardan arany zdi. Ol derrew arany
zdi. comp. aagyy erden zmek
comp. el zmek1 comp. el zmek2 comp.
mrni zmek1 comp. mrni zmek2
comp. tamay zmek1 comp. tamay
zmek2 comp. erden rkni zmek ;
a3 [a:] n tear bir damja a tear drop
Ol gze a alady. Tears welled up in
his eyes.; yrtmak v to tear haty
yrtmak to tear up a letter eiklerii
yrtmak to tear one's clothes; yrtylmak
v to tear, be torn, become torn Onu
egnindki knek 10 yldan so ahyry
yrtyldy. A shirt which he had been
wearing for 10 years finally tore apart.
tear off olmak 3 v to tear off, break iligi
olmak to tear off a button pi olmak
to break a rope comp. sa olmak ;
olunmak 1 v to tear off, come off,
break off Ilik olundy. The button came
off.
tear to pieces paralamak [pa:ralamak] v
to tear to pieces Molla gylyny
baldyryny paralady we mandala balagyny
yrtdy. The Mullah hacked the calf leg
up with his sword and tore the trouser
fabric. comp. bagryy paralap atmak ;
paralamak v to shred, tear to pieces
Mjekler gony paralapdyr. The wolves
tore the sheep to pieces. matany
paralamak to shred a cloth comp. rek
paralamak
technical tehnika 2 ['tehnika] adj
technical
technique usul 1 [usu:l] n technique
Merjen tikini ussa anyna gatnap tikin
edip her hili usul wrendi. Merjen learnt
different kinds of sewing techniques
while visiting her instructor. Futbol
onama z usuly bar, olary bilmese
utuldygy hasaplamaly. Playing football
has its own techniques, if you don't
know them think that you lost.
Figuristleri ykyyna eminler hem
usulyna, hem ussatlyk bilen erine
etiriliine baha berrler. Jurors give

305

murty syh-syh bolmak

balls to both the technique and
performance of skaters.
technological tehniki adj technological
tehniki institut technological institute
technology tehnika 1 ['tehnika] n
technology
Teke Teke 2 (comp. of teke) adj Teke teke
halysy Teke carpet [name of one of the
Turkmen tribes] (sem. domains: 9.7.1.4
- Tribal names.)
Teke tribe Teke 1 (comp. of teke) n The
Teke tribe
telegram telegramma [tele'gramma] n
telegram
telegraph pole telefon agajy (comp. of
aga) telegraph pole
telephone telefon [tele'fon] n telephone,
phone telefon arkaly by phone jbi
telefony ; til n telephone, telegraph
telephone handset telefon trubkasy
(comp. of trubka) n telephone handset,
telephone, phone trubka almak to
answer the phone
television telewizor [tele'wizor] n
television (set), T.V.
tell fortunes ormak 1 v to tell fortunes,
to foretell
tell off sgmek [s:gmek] v to tell
someone off, abuse (verbally), scold
teller of tales agzy elli adam (comp. of
agyz) a teller of tall tales
temper syrat [sy:rat] n temper z syratya
seretmeli watch your temper
temperature temperatura [tempera'tura]
n temperature
temple buthana [but'ha:na] n temple;
church Buthana ikona suratlaryny grmek
in bardyk. We went to the church to
see the icon pictures. Kp alar to gni
nykalamaga buthana bararlar. Many
young people on their wedding day go
to the church to get married.
tempo depgin n tempo, rhythym
temporal wagtlayn 2 adv temporal
temporary wagtlayn 1 adv
temporary(ly), provisional wagtlayn i
temporary work wagtlayn ylalayk
interim agreement wagtlayn gelmek to

come for a while wagtlayn pul bermek

to lend money
ten on [o:n] num ten on adam ten people
on sekiz eighteen
tenant krendei n tenant, leaseholder,
renter, lessor Meni doganym obada
krendei bolup iler. My three
brothers work as tenants in the village.
tender nzik 1 adj tender, affectionate
nzik dugy tender feeling nzik gwn
tender soul Bu gyzy nzik beden grse,
onu balet bilen meglanarlagy belledi.
When you see that girl's feminine body,
one can instantly tell she studies ballet.
Myrat ene-atasyny nzik ogly hi kimi
dieni demok. Myrat is a spoiled boy
who does not listen to anyone. Gyrmazy
gl nziklygynden aa digsen
dowljykaly. The red flower is so
delicate that if you touch it the petals
will fall off. Meni joram rn nzik men hi wagt onu gaty garam soz
adanyny demek. My friend is very
gentle - I have never heard her speak a
harsh word. Men ejemi zi aman
nzik, ol owadan bolmasada meni in i
owadan eje. My mother has a very kind
face, she is not pretty but to me she is
the most beautiful mother. {emotions}
comp. tene nzik ; uka 3 [u:ka] adj
tender uka dodaklar tender lips comp.
uka rek
tendril murt 4 n tendril garpyzy murty
tendril of water-melon zmi murty
tendril of grapes {botanical} comp.
murty syh-syh bolmak
tenner onluk 1 [o:nluk] num a ten, a
number ten onluk manat a ten manat
note, tenner onluk awtobus a number ten
bus {as a unit}
tense dartgynly adj tense, strained, tight;
zaman 3 [zama:n] n tense ten zaman
past tense hzirki zaman present tense
geljek zaman future tense (sem. domains:
9 - Grammar.) {grammar}
tent adyr [a:dyr] n tent opan dag
eteginde adyr dikdi. The shepherd
erected a tent on the foothills of the
mountain.
tent peg gazyk n tent peg, stake, picket
gazyk kakmak to drive a tent peg in

aman ada gomak

tenth onunjy [o:nunjy] tenth onunjy klas
tenth form onunjy May the tenth of May
onunjy sahypa page ten onunjy nomer
number ten
tenth anniversary onyllyk [o:nyllyk] n
tenth anniversary, ten year...
Garasyzlygy onyllygy the tenth
anniversary of Independence
tenure eeilik n tenure, ownership
eeilik etmek to own, have dominion,
be master ahsy eeilik personal
ownership; eelik 1 n tenure,
ownership eelik etmek to own, have
dominion hojalyga eelik etmek to own
the household
term adalga n term, name
termite sary garynja (comp. of sary1) n
termite, white ant (sem. domains: 1.6 Animal.)
terrible aylgan adj terrible, frightful,
fearful, dreadful aylgan habar bad
news aylgan d bad dream aylgan
ses terrible voice; elhen adj terrible,
frightful, fearful, dreadful elhen
gygyrmak elhen gorkmak elhen sowuk
terrible frost elhen habar very bad
news; gorkuly 1 adj terrible, horrible,
dangerous, awful, dreadful gorkuly adam
frightful person gorkuly d bad dream
gorkuly hekaa terrifying story; gorkun
adj terrible, horrible, frightful, awful,
terrifying gorkun ol awful road
gorkun garakylyk terrifying darkness;
harap 2 [hara:p] adj bad, sad,
mournful, terrible i harap sorry state
Onu haly harap He is in a terrible
state.; um adj terrible; aman 1 adj
terrible, awful, dreadful aman adam an
awful person aman i dreadful work
aman habar bad news aman howa
terrible weather zi aman dumak to
feel awful, to be down Ol aman erbet
adam. He's a terribly bad man. aman
bolup, agylygy unudan - z yzzatyn
gidir, itden har bolar. If you forget the
good things when bad things happen you will lose respect for yourself, and
you will go from being a dog to a
donkey. Sthorlugy i amany bir
musulmany abrayny dkmekdir. Money
lending loses respect among the worst
Muslim. comp. aman ada gomak

306
comp. aman grmek comp. aman
wrenmek
terribly aman 2 adj very, really; terribly
aman oat very good Kellm aman
agyrar. My head really hurts. comp.
aman ada gomak comp. aman
grmek comp. aman wrenmek
territory urt 2 [u:rt] n territory, area,
site Bu urtlar bize ntany. These areas
are unknown to us. comp. urt skmek
comp. urt ykan
test synamak [sy:namak] v to test
someone or something, to try
testimony grkezme 4 n testimony,
evidence grkezme bermek to testify,
bear witness comp. grkezme alymasy
; gw n testimony gw gemek to
witness, testify (that something is true)
text tekst n text
textile dokma 2 n textile dokma senagaty
textile industry dokma gurallary textile
equipment Ahal welaatynda uly dokma
fabrigi ayldy. A big textile factory was
opened in Ahal province. dokma
dokamak weaving Dokma dokamak bizi
ata-babalarymayzdan gelr. Weaving
originated with our anscestors.
thank you Bile alkasyn! (comp. of
Tary) And you too! Thank you!; Tary
alkasyn! (comp. of alkamak) Thank
you very much!
thankful minnetdar [minnetda:r] adj
thankful, grateful minnetdar bolmak to
be thankful, be grateful Maa beren
kmegiiz in minnetdar. I am very
much grateful to you for helping
thanks alky n expression of gratitude,
thanks; sag bol(y)! 1 (comp. of sag1)
Thank you!; kr n thanks be, thanks
kr Hudaa. Thanks be to God.
that elk adv to that side Olar elk
gitdiler. They went that way. Sen elk
gitme, belk git. Do not go this side, go
to another side. comp. elk-belk ; o
Pronoun that, those O nme in? Why is
that?; ol1 Pronoun that, he ol ja that
house ol erde in that place ol tada
there
that is agny conjunction that is (to say),
to be exact Men ol erde anna gni ,
agny on binji martda bolaryn. I'll be

307

wersia
there on Friday, that is to say on the
15th of March.
that one ol cf: onda, ondan. Pronoun
that one ol oglan that boy ol wagt at
that time, then ol tada (over) there
ony that one onda when, at the time
when ondan from then, from this time
(on) ondan kp wagt gemnk some
time later ondan so after this/that
ondan so ol tze ja saldy. After that
he built a new house. onu in
therefore comp. ol demde
that way belk adj that way, in that
direction Sen belk ge. You go on the
other side. Mundan belk bele i etme.
After this don't do that kind of thing.
that's onu that's comp. onu in
that's enough wessalam [wessala:m]
interj that's enough!, that'll do!
wessalam, i tamam that's end of the
work Sen u ki oa eltip ber, wessalam.
Send this load to him, and that will do.
the garyp-gasar [gary:p-gasar] n the poor
oba garyp-gasarlary the village poor, the
poor peasants; gijilewk [gi:jilewk] n
the itch
the end ahyr1 [a:hyr] n the end kitaby
ahyry end of a book
the past gemi 1 n the past gemiden
galan a relic from the past gemii
atlamak to remember the old days
gemiden galan adygrlik the
monument left from the past
the United Nations Birleen urtlar
(comp. of B) the United Nations
theatre teatr n theatre Bu gn teatrda
nme gidr? What's on at the theatre
today?
then onda conjunction then Pulu ok
bolsa, onda sen brde gal. If you do not
have money, then stay here.; onso
conjunction then, after that, afterwards,
later on Onso ol nme didi? What did
she say after that?; onda cf: ol,
ondan. then, at that time onda-da
even so; weli1 2 conjunction then; welin
2 [weli:n] conjunction then
theory aklama 1 cf: wersia. n theory,
suggestion, assumption, supposition
there ana Pronoun there, here; aryk
[ary:k] adv there (motion away); hol

adv there, right there hol adam that man

hol gn that day
there it is ine 2 interj there it is
therefore onu in (comp. of onu)
therefore; oa gr (comp. of
grmek) therefore
they olar Pronoun they olary of them,
their olara to them Olar meni dostlarym.
They are my friends. {3rd person
plural}
thick gaba 1 [ga:ba] adj thick, splendid
gaba sa thick hair; galy1 1 adj thick,
fat galy kitap thick book galy geinmek
to dress warmly galy gar agdy. thick
snow fell; goy adj thick goy gamak
thick cream; ogyn 1 [ogy:n] adj
thick, sturdy ogyn aga sturdy tree
ogyn taak thick stick
thick soup bulamak n thick soup made
with added flour, pottage Ejemi mli
we kdili biirlen bulamagyny uly itm
bilen ierdim. I used to eat the thick soup
my mother used to make from beans
and squash with a great appetite. Pagta
igidini agyna biirlen bulamak bilen,
sary aga biirlen bulamagy tagamy er
bilen gk aly tapawutly.
thick tust tot-tozan (comp. of tozan)
thick dust
thickness ogynlyk 1 [ogy:nlyk] n
width, thickness Bu organy
ogynlygyna bir seretsene! Look at the
thickness of this blanket!
thief eli egri (comp. of egri) thief; ogry 1
n thief, robber jbi ogrusy pickpocket
Ogryny tutu! Stop thief!
thieving ogurlyk n thieving, theft,
burglary ogurlyk bilen megullanmak to
be a thief ak ogurlyk pilferage, petty
theft ogurlyk etmek to steal, commit a
theft ogurlyk zat(lar) stolen good(s)
thigh but 1 [bu:t] n thigh Soulan kzi
yzky buduny satyn aldyk. We bought the
rear thigh belonging to the slaughtered
ox. Mundan b yl tayp but skim
dwlip, aagyma gips godylar.
thimble omak1 1 [o:mak] n thimble
Men omak bilen kede ekdim. I made
embroider with thimble.
thin hor2 1 [ho:r] adj thin, lean, skinny,
slim, scrawny hor adam thin man hor

hor-zar
bolmak to be lean/thin hor mal scrawny
animal comp. hor-zar ; ine 1 [i:ne]
adj thin, delicate, fine ine sapak fine/
thin thread ine smli pagta fine-fibre
cotton ine iegeler small intestine; uka
1 [u:ka] adj thin uka mata thin
material comp. uka rek
thing zat 1 [za:t] cf: rezerw, tialyk,
ykalga, haryt, predmet, sapak,
dersi, alar, zapas. n thing, stuff odurbudur zatlar all kinds of things comp. bir
zat comp. hi zat
things wzar [wza:r] n things, utensils
sz-wzarsyz having no house and
utensils
think kne dmek (comp. of
dmek2) to think about something, be
in thought about an idea Tze ja alma
kne ddm. I am thinking of buying
a new flat.; olamak [o:lamak] v to
think, consider Men bele olamandyryn.
I never thought of it that way. u beik
magalada zni nhili derejede orun
tutandygyny olar. This great family
considers itself to hold a good position
in society. comp. olap tapmak ;
olanmak [o:lanmak] v to think,
consider uzak olanman without a
moment's thought Men olar geler diip
olandym. I thought that they would
come.; tmek v to think, suppose Men
bele bolar tmndim. I didn't think that
it would be like this. Kakam gelipdir
dn. It seems that Dad has left.;
pikirlenmek v to think, reflect,
meditate (on), think about, consider Bu
meselede pikirlenmek gerek. This question
must be considered. Pikirlenmge b
minut wagt berrin. I give you five
minutes for reflection.; toslamak to
think up, make up
thinker akyldar [akylda:r] n thinker, wise
person
thinness inelik [i:nelik] n thinness,
fineness, delicacy, slenderness, slimness
simi ineligi thinness of a wire bili
ineligi slenderness of a waist nagy
ineligi delicacy of a pattern; ukalyk
[u:kalyk] n thinness kagyzy ukalygy
thinness of a paper materialy ukalygy
fineness of a material

308
third nji third nji orun third place
Myrat gremekde nji orny eeledi.
Myrat got third place on wrestling.
nji gn/arenbe Wednesday
thirsty suwasamak v to be thirsty
thirtieth otuzynjy thirtieth otuzynjy mart
the thirtieth of March otuzynjy sahypa
page thirty otuzynjy nomer room number
thirty
thirty otuz num thirty otuz aly adam
thirty-year-old man
this bu [bu:] ( fr. var. mu) Pronoun this, it
bu adam this person bu gezek this time
bu yl this year bu gn-erte in the next
few days Ony alma, muny al! Don't buy
that one, buy this one! munda munda to
this one Munu aly agda gndogar
halklaryny edebiatynda juda serek du
gelr. In a similar way the people from
the east rarely read literature. Mua
seret! Look at this!; mu (fr. var. of bu)
dem this Mua seret. Look at this!; u
Pronoun this one uny u tada here
(location) u erde here u gn today u
wagtda now .m. (ua meze) etc. (et
cetera); and so forth
this'
this and that ony-muny this and that Ol
dyn alandan so, ony-muny edidirdi.
After she had a rest, she has done this
and that.
this side bri 3 post this side (of) potany
brisinde this side of the post office
comp. bri bakmak
this side and that ele-bele (comp. of
ele) this side and that ele dimek to
say something ambiguous mayny
elesini-belesini grdirmek to look at
car's different sides. Serheti pasporty
elesine-belesine seretdi. Border guard
looked at passport's outside and inside.
Ierde ele zatlar ayp atyrdy. There
were different things lying inside it. Sen
ele dime. Do not say it like that.
thistle akba [a:kba] n a thistle, a useless
plant with thorns
thorn tiken n thorn; andak n thorn,
prickle Deler andagy gowy grrler.
Camels like thorny prickles. (sem.
domains: 1.5 - Plant.)

309

i sapamaly
thorny tikenekli adj thorny; tikenli adj
thorny
thorough kptaraply adj thorough, allround, detailed Biz juda kptaraply
barlag geirris. We are making a
thorough investigation.
thoroughly jikme-jik [ji:kme-ji:k] adv
thoroughly, in detail, minutely jikme-jik
grr bermek to give a detailed account
those aky 2 adj those, the
aforementioned aky gelen adamlar
nir gitdiler? Where are they gone, the
men who just came? {plural}
though -da2 2 [-da:] cf: -d, -de1.
conjunction even though agyrsam-da
gelmedi. Though I invited her, she didn't
come. Sen alya-da! You're
mistaken!
thought hyal 1 [hya:l] n thought, idea;
k n thought (of, about), idea ke
gelmek to occur to, to come into the
mind of kne dmek to think about
something, be in thought about an idea
comp. k-pikir ; k-pikir (comp. of
k, pikir) n thought Men bar kpikirim ndip herden i tapmak. My
total preoccupation is to find a job in
the city.; o-pikir [o:-pikir] thought
gutarnykly o-pikir complete idea/
thought Ol o-pikire batdy. He has been
lost in thought.; pikir n thought, idea
pikir etmek to think z pikirii atmak to
express one's opinion oat pikirde
bolmak to have a high opinion (of) pikir
alyma exchange of opinions/views,
discussion pikirii tgetmek to change
one's mind erbet pikirde bolmak to have a
low opinion (of) Oat pikir. It is a good
idea. jemgyetilik pikiri public opinion
Kellme bir pikir geldi. It occurred to me.
meni pikirime in my opinion, to my
mind Bu zat meni pikirimde-de okdy. I
didn't even think about it. pikire batmak
to be in deep thought comp. derasyna
gark bolmak comp. k-pikir comp.
Pikir beri!
thought up toslanmak v to be thought up
thoughtful pikirli adj thoughtful, wise,
clever, reasonable iti pikirli witty erbet
pikirli having a bad intention comp. ii
pikirli adam

thought-out olanyykly [o:lanyykly]

adj thought-out, considered olanyykly
zgt considered decision olanyykly
emelemek to think over, consider Bu
mesel olanyykly emelemek gerek.
This task must be considered.
thousand m num thousand bir m one
thousand Dostumy maa bir m dollar
bergisi bar. My friend has one thousand
in debt.
thousand million milliard 1 [milli'ard]
num thousand million/billion Bu
mekdebi bahasy bir milliard amerikan
dollaryna durar. The cost of this school
is billion american dollars.
thousandth anniversary myllyk adj
thousandth anniversary Bizi
watanymyzy b myllyk taryhy bar.
Our state has five thousand history.
thread din2 n thread, string; nah cf:
pagta, gowaa. adj cotton thread nah
mata cotton cloth ki dwrde nah
mata gymmat bolupdyr. In old time
cotton cloth was expencive.; nurbat 2 n
thread {part of a screw}; sapajyk n
small piece of thread; sapak1 1 n thread
ie bilen sapak needle and thread i
sapak sapmak to thread a needle;
sapmak 1 v to thread i sapak sapmak
to thread a needle comp. i
sapamaly
threat habat n threat, menace habat
atmak to threaten, menace, frighten
birini habatyndan gorkmak to be afraid
of one's threat/menace Bu habatmy? Is
that a threat?; hemle n threat, menace
hemle urmak to threaten
threaten abanmak 3 [a:banmak] v to
threaten urda isizlik howpy abanar.
Unemployment threatens the country.;
azm urmak (comp. of urmak) to shout
at, to threaten Maa azm urup, meni
gwnme degjek bolma. Don't threaten
me and cause me to be offended. Maa
azm urup, karzyy bermese maynyy
aljak didiler. They threatened me by
telling me they'd take your car if you
don't repay your debt.
three num three bolup three
(together) burly triangular, threecornered aly three-year-old dilli
trilingual e blmek to divide into three

ah ekmek
Awylar keigi etini e bldler.
Hunters devided the meat of antilope
into three.; lk 1 num a three lk
san number three; lk 2 num a three
lk baha a three Meni dostum taryh
sapagyndan lk baha aldy. My friend
got a three in history. [out of five] {on
schoolwork}
thresh ekmek1 12 [ekmek] v to thresh,
mill {e.g. grain} comp. ah ekmek
comp. ahmyr ekmek comp. aak
ekmek comp. ejir ekmek comp. el
ekmek comp. gam ekmek comp.
hasrat ekmek comp. hor ekmek comp.
jeza ekmek comp. kep ekmek comp.
kynylyk ekmek comp. nala ekmek
comp. zhmet ekmek
thresher dweki n thresher
threshing dwek n threshing dwek wagty
harvest time dwek dwmek to thresh
dwek dwn gural threshing sledge
threshing floor harman 1 n threshing
floor harman dwmek to thresh pagta
harmany spin cotton
threshold bosaga n threshold
Trkmenlerde bosagada oturlsa
halananok. Turkmen don't like sitting on
the threshold [of the door]. Bosagadan
tlemnkm sji nahary isini aldym.
throat bogaz1 2 n throat Bogazym
agyranda bejermek in mamam ary bal
apardy. When I got a saw throat my
mother used to put honey on it. Sgli
hoke komandam aryda utanda
begenjime bogazyma sygdygyndan gygyryp
sesimi zaaladym.; bokurdak n throat
Agam erbet d grp, bokurdagym
gurap oanypdyrn. At night I saw a
nightmare and woke up with a dry
throat. Bokurdagym agyranda gyzgyn st
bilen bury garyp irin. When my
throat is sore I drink hot milk and
pepper.; damak 1 n throat, neck damak
almak/kesmek to cut (an animal's)
throat Damagym agyrar. I've got a sore
throat. damagyny almak/kesmek to slit
someone's (or an animal's) throat damak
dolmak to sob pagta bilen damagyna bir
zatlar almak to rub one's throat with an
ointment using cotton wool
throne tagt n throne

310
throttle bogmak 2 v to strangle, throttle
Agam glmiz z bonundaky pine
bogulyp galypdyr. In the evening our calf
got wound up in the cord tying him up,
and strangled himself. Nahar iip
otyrkam nana dginip bokyrdagym
bogylyp helk boldym. haltany agzyny
bogmak desse bog Birden galan gyzgyn
bokurdagymy bogdy. drli pikirleri
bogmak
throw atmak 2 v to throw egnie aglyk
atmak to wrap a shawl around one's
shoulders; oklamak2 v to throw, hurl
da oklamak to throw/hurl stones pkgi
oklamak to throw a ball; agdyrmak 2
cf: agmak. v to throw, bombard,
shower da agdyrmak to throw stones
sorag agdyrmak to bombard with
questions pul agdyrmak to squander
money; zymak 1 v to throw topy
zymak to throw a ball comp. telpegii
gge zymak
throw out ykarmak2 cf: ykarylmak.
throw_out
thrust mdrmek v to thrust/plunge/
drive/stick (something into) elie ie
mdrmek to stick a needle in your
hand krgni suwa mdrmek
thrust oneself urmak 7 v to thrust oneself
Ol zni sowuk suwa urdy. He thrust
himself into the water. Ol zni tokaa
urdy. He thrust himself into the forest.
Ol gaharyna zni nirk urjagyny bilmedi.
He was beside himself with anger.
comp. agyz urmak comp. azm urmak
comp. hars urmak comp. Huda ursun!
comp. kk urmak comp. zi oda
urmak comp. rek urmak comp. sowuk
urmak tok urmak comp. urup amak
comp. ama urmak
thump urmak 3 v to thump Gjk eesini
zne seredip, gurujagy bilen ere
urardy. The puppy was beating the
ground with his tail while looking at his
owner's face. comp. agyz urmak comp.
azm urmak comp. hars urmak comp.
Huda ursun! comp. kk urmak comp.
zi oda urmak comp. rek urmak
comp. sowuk urmak tok urmak comp.
urup amak comp. ama urmak
thunder gbrdemek v to thunder Gk
gbrder. It is thundering.; gbrdi n

311

atam dwri
thunder; gprdemek v to thunder,
roar Asman gprder. The sky is
thundering.; grrldili adj thunder,
thunderous, stormy, wild grrldili el
arpymalar wild applause, loud cheers
Thursday penenbe n Thursday penenbe
gni on Thursday {literary}
ticket bilet 1 [bi'let] n ticket aga bileti
children's ticket Bilet kassasynda nobata
birinji durdum. I was in first place in the
queue at the ticket office.
ticket collector barlagy 2 [ba:rlagy] n
ticket collector Teatra girmezden
barlagy biledii barlaar. Before you go
into the theatre the ticket collector
checks your ticket.
ticket office kassa 2 ['kassa] cf: gazna. n
booking-office, box office, ticket office
kassadan bilet satyn almak to buy a ticket
from a ticket office comp. amanat kassa
tickle gyjyklamak v to tickle
tidy arassa 3 adj tidy
tie bagjyk [ba:gjyk] n tie, strap agalar
bagynda agalara kwi bagjygyny
damagy wredrler. In a nursery
school they teach children how to tie
their shoe laces.; baglamak 1
[ba:glamak] v to tie apyksuwar aty
eerini berk baglap mnr. Jockeys tie
the horse's saddle on tight and then
mount. Srden gelen sygyrlary gijesine
gazyga baglaarlar. Cows that come in
from the herd are tied to a post at night.
Balykylar tutan balygyny tora salyp, p
bilen agzyny baglap, suwda saklaarlar.
Fish caught by fishermen are put in a
net in the water with the mouth tied up
with string. Gyzlar shra ykyp, owadan
gllerden emen bagladylar. Girls went
out into the steppe and tied up bouquets
of beautiful flowers. Gzbagy
tomaaylary gzni baglap, oun
grkezdi. The hypnotist tied up the
spectator's eyes and demonstrated a
trick. comp. bil bagla comp. regii
baglamak ; daynmak v to tie
(something with), bind (something
round) Ol bonuna aglyk dayndy. He
tied a scarf round his neck.; galstuk
['galstuk] n (neck)tie galstuk dakynmak
to wear a necktie; rk n tie, lead, leash,
tether rkni tgetmek to move the

tether rope comp. erden rki zmek

; rklemek v to tie, tether sygyry
rklemek to tether a cow
tied daylmak 1 v to be tied , be tied up,
be bound, be done Galstuk gowak
daypdar. The neck tie is tied loosely.
elleri arkasyna dalan esirler prisoners
with their hands tied behind their backs
tied up daylmak 3 v to be tied up, be
stuck, be occupied Men uzakly gn
balygy kabulhanasynda dayldym. I
was stuck in the boss's office all day.
tiger gapla 1 n tiger {striped}; pele n
tiger urkay pele tigress pele agasy
tiger cub pelei derisi tiger-skin; tigr1
tiger
tight dar 4 [da:r] adj tight, cramped Hzir
alar rn dar eik gerler. Young
people today wear very tight clothes.;
igili adj drunk, drunken Joramy ri
hemie igili bolanso, iden boatdylar.
They dismissed my friend's husband
from the work because of he is always
drunk. {colloq}
tighten burmak 1 v to turn right off, turn
tight, tighten, screw up nurbady burmak
to tighten a nut; bzmek v to tighten,
tie up Knegimi etegini bzmek-bzmek
edip tikdim. I sewed up the hem of my
dress tightly. Tikin maynym bzp tika
diip ussa grkezdim. Gyzyma agzy
bzln bukja tikdim.
till kassa 1 ['kassa] cf: gazna. n till, cash
register, cash desk, check-out, cashier,
cash box kassa tlemek to pay at the
cash desk jerime dwlet kassasynda
tlemeli the fine needs to be paid at a
state cash desk [(usually located in a
post office or state-run bank)] comp.
amanat kassa
time ag 1 [a:g] n time agam/ertir/
gnorta agy evening/morning/
afternoon igitlik agy during [one's]
youth; ak 3 n a certain time bimahal
ak an unexpected time comp. akdan
ykmak ; dwr 3 n time, period meni
alyk dwrm when I was young Meni
okuwy dwrim mugallymdan otdan
gorkan aly gorkardyk. Bu babam
dwrnde bolan zat. comp. atam dwri
; gabatlamak 1 v to time something to
coincide (with), arrange (something for)

gezekki
baramylyga gabatlamak to arrange
something for the holiday Men dagy
gabatlap ugradym. I started to walk next
to the mountain. ; gezek 1 cf: gezekki.
n time, occasion ber zady her gezek
adyp durmak to say each thing every
time on gezek ten times; mahal 2 n time
gnde mahalyna three times a day;
ma [ma:] n time, moment ma
tapmak to have time Ma tapsam
bararyn. If I have time I'll go.; sagat1 2
[sa:gat] n time sagat ne? what time is
it? sagat b It is five (o'clock); sapar2 n
time, occasion bu sapar this time birne
sapar several times Gzeli meni birinji
sapar grdm It's the first time I've seen
Gozel; wagt n time u wagtlar these days
bo wagt free time i wagty working
hours u wagt now, at the moment,
currently wagtynda on time, at the
appropriate time wagtynda gelmek to
come in time kabul edi wagty reception
hours, calling hours ajkyn wagtda in
the near future ki wagtda in the old
days hemme wagt all the time,
continually wagtyndan prematurely
wagt geirmek to spend time comp. bir
wagtda comp. hi wagt ol wagtda ol
wagtda comp. wagt bermek comp. wagt
tapmak ; wagtlyk adv time birne
wagtlyk for some time uzak wagtlyk for a
long time; er 8 n time, moment comp.
er almasy comp. er hoz comp. er
tudana comp. erine comp. erine
etirmek ; zaman 1 [zama:n] n age,
epoch, era; time, period gadym zamanda
in old/ancient times hzirki zaman
current; zaman 2 [zama:n] n time her
zaman each time Her zaman ony
grenimde oa nebsim agyrar. I feel
sorry for him, each time I see him.
time_period
timed gezekki cf: gezek. adj timed
times esse 1 adv times Ol menden iki esse
kp iledi. He did twice as much work as
me.; kerem n times z kerem a
hundred times Biz bagtly gnmiz in
Hudaa m kerem alky adarys. We
praise God a thousand times for our
happy days.; mertebe 3 n times kp
mertebe several times

312
timetable raspisanie [raspi'sanie] cf:
reje. n timetable, schedule sapaklary
raspisaniesi class time-table raspisanie
bouna according to the time-table/
schedule Otly raspisanie bouna barar.
The train is running to time.
tin ak demir (comp. of ak) tin
tinker galayy [gala:yy] n tinker,
tinsmith, blacksmith
tinned goods konserw n tinned/canned
goods balyk konserwasy tinned fish
tint wn n tint, play of colours; shine
wn atmak to be iridescent; to shine;
wgin n tint, hue, tinge, nuance,
shade; shine wgin atmak to be
iridescent; to shine
tiny uak 1 adj tiny, small Men agalar
bagynda ilmde uak agalar bilen ilp
baladym. When I worked in the
kindergarten I started to work with
small children. Meni uaklam agalar
bagyndan entek gelenoklar. My little
children did not come home from
kindergarten yet. Men kii agakam
doganlarym meni uak hasaplap
ounlaryna goanokdylar. When I was
little my brothers did not let me join in
with their games as they thought I was
too small. Men in uak zat satyn
almaly, sabyn, ampun, el sprln
solfetka bilen telefona sim. I have to buy
bits and bobs for home: soap, shampoo,
kitchen paper, and a sim card for the
phone. comp. uak-dek
tired argyn [a:rgyn] adj tired, worn out
argyn grnmek to look tired; bizar
[bi:za:r] adj be tired, be fed up Tizrk
howa ylamasa, sowukdan bizar boldum.
I hope the weather warms up soon, I'm
getting fed up with the cold. Hapisa
goymdan bizar boldym. Keselimden
aylanyma begenarin.; adaw 1
[a:daw] adj tired, weary adaw kep
tired appearance Pagta ygyp, adan gyz
a bayna oturdy. A tired girl after
picked a cotton sat to have a tea. kli
adaw eek haal rp barar. A tired
donkey with load is walking slowly.
Utan sportsmen adaw bolsa-da, rn
atdy. Won sportsman was happy
instead of he is tired.

313

iki elii burnua sokup gelmek

tiredness argynlyk [a:rgynlyk] n
tiredness, fatigue argynlyk dumak to
feel relaxed
tireless irginsiz [i:rginsiz] adj tireless,
indefatigable, unwearying irginsiz
ilemek to work tirelessly/untiringly
irginsiz grlemek to speak unceasingly;
adawsyz [a:dawsyz] adj tireless,
indefatigable, unwearying adawsyz
zhmet ekmek to work tirelessly/
indefatigably
to aa 1 [aa:] post to Ol bir aa gitdi.
He went somewhere.
to be bar bolmak (comp. of bar) to be, to
have Bu dnde bar bolmak a bar
bolmamak... To be or not to be (in this
world)... [bar bolmak -- original form of
the verb bar]
to be weak agsamak 2 v to be weak Ol
ilis dilinden agsaar. English is his
weakest subject (in school). comp. i
agsaar
to breed kpeltmek 2 cf: kpelmek. v to
breed tohum mallary kpeltmek to breed
pedigree cattle comp. gepii kpeltmek
to do what ntmek v to do what; How
should it be done? eri, onso ntdi? So
then, what did you do?
to eat and drink iip-imek (comp. of
imek) to eat and drink Biz iip-iip
bolanso, olumyzy dowam etdik. We
continiued our way after we ate and
drank.
to get friendly anymak [a:nymak] v
to get friendly with, get close to Ol
adamlar bilen alt anyar. He easily
gets friendly with people. {sexual
relations}
to go round the bend dw almak
(comp. of dw2) for someone to go
round the bend, act crazy Saa nme
dw aldy? Why are you acting so
crazy?
to make a bet jedellemek 2 v to make a
bet (on)
to shove iteklemek 1 cf: itelemek. v to
push, Biri-briizi iteklem! Do not push
each other!
to the utmost aryany [arya:ny] post
to the utmost (of one's ability)

to undo, unfasten, unbutton, unhook,

unclasp azdyrmak1 [a:zdyrmak] cf:
bahar, azmak3. v undo iligi azdyrmak
unbutton
to_go_wrong
tobacco nas n chewing tobacco nas atmak
to chew nas [smokeless tobacco often
including ash, tar, and rumoured to
have pigeon droppings]
toe barmak2 2 n toe Gelinbarmak zimi,
sji sortla birisi. Gelenbarmak grapes
are one kind of sweet grape. Palaw
biirede brnji stne gumaly suwu
legi iki barmak aly bolmaly. When you
cook pilau the amount of water you add
should be two fingers width above the
rice. {anatomy} comp. On barmagy
hnrli. ; burun 3 n toe, front end of
the shoe Gyzym ilki rp balanda
aagy burnynda redi. When my
daughter first started walking she
walked on her toes. Aagymy burnyna
bdrp, baam barmagymy agyrtdym.
comp. burnundan aryny grmezlik
comp. burnundan gelmek comp.
burnuy uzatmak comp. burny deilen
aly bolmak comp. burun deigi say.
Gahary gelse, burnuy dile comp. iki
elii burnua sokup gelmek
together bile adj together, with
(accompaniment), along with Oraz onu
bilen bile okapdyr. Oraz studied with
him. Zawoda ie girmge dostum bilen bile
bardym. I went with a friend to join the
factory.; bilelikde adv together, in
common, jointly, in conference bilelikde
ndriln nm common produce
Klasdalar bilen bilelikde eken ekilimiz
aryda birinji er aldy. The image I
drew with other class-mates gained first
place in the competition.; birlikde adv
together, jointly g birlikde strength
comes in pairs; tirkemek v to be
together, go together Ol ikisi bile
tirkemek gitdiler. The two of them
walked on together.
toil der samak (comp. of samak) v to
toil; jepa 2 [jepa:] n toil, burden,
compulsion; zhmet ekmek (comp. of
ekmek1, zhmet) to work hard, to toil;
to suffer Dahanlar oat hasyl almak in
gije-gndiz zhmet ekrler. Farmers

ertir

314
work hard day and night for to receive
good harvest.
toilet hajathana 1 [ha:jatha:na] n
lavatory, toilet, latrine {Brit}
token eton [e'ton] n token, counter
Disnee gidenimizde, biz on sany eton
satyn aldyk. When we go to the Disney
we bought ten token.
tomato pomidor [pomi'dor] n tomato
pomidor suwy tomato juice; tomat 1
[to'mat] n tomato
tomato paste tomat 3 [to'mat] n tomato
paste {Amer}
tomato pure tomat 2 [to'mat] n tomato
pure {Brit}
tomb mazar [maza:r] n tomb, grave Biz
kakamyzy mazaryny dayna demir
godurdyk. We made to put iron on
outside of our father's tomb. [Can be a
building erected to the memory of
someone, and containing their grave.
Pilgrims visit it to say their prayers.]
tomorrow erte cf: ertir. adv tomorrow
say. Bu gnki ii ert goma comp. ertebirign ; ertir 1 [erti:r] cf: erte. adv
tomorrow ertirki tomorrow's Men ertir
duyyga barjak. I will come to the
meeting tomorrow.
tomorrow and the day after tomorrow
erte-birign [erti-bi:rign] (comp. of
erte) adj tomorrow and the day after
tomorrow
tomorrow's erteki2 n tomorrow's, on the
morrow, tomorrow erteki gn nme
boljagy belli dl. It is not known what
will happen tomorrow.; ertirki 1
[erti:rki] adj tomorrow's, the next day's
ertirki gn tomorrow ertirki nesil
ton tonna ['tonna] n a metric ton (1000
kilograms)
tone labyz 1 n tone, timber, intonation
akymly labyz pleasant tone Onu labyzy
nhili? What is its tone like?
tongue dil2 1 n the tongue Jigim maa
dilini ykaryp gaharymy getirr. My
little brother makes me angry by
sticking out his tongue. sygry dilinden
taarlanan nahar the dish is prepared
from cow's tongue Gyzgyn ay owurtlap
dilimi biirdim. I scalded my tongue by
sipping hot tea. Meni dilime kiijik ara

ykdy. A small sore has appeared on my

tongue. comp. dil amak comp. dil
aratynlyklary comp. dil birikdirmek
comp. dil bitmek comp. dil olamak
comp. dil haty comp. dil wrenmek
comp. dil wrlmezlik comp. dil
tutulmak comp. dil ujundan comp. dil
armak comp. dil etirmek comp. dil
ygnamak comp. dilden-agyzdan gal
comp. dilden-dile comp. dile ba comp.
dile dgr comp. dile garyp comp. dileagza dmek comp. dili agyr comp. dili
barmazlyk comp. dili gysgalyk comp.
dili sji comp. dili uwutmak comp.
dilim alananok comp. diliden
sypdyrmak
too aa [a:a] adj too much aa kp
grlemek to laugh too much; akdanaa
[akdana:a] cf: endenaa. adj too
much, too, excessive; so akdanaa kp
ulanmak to over-use akdanaa kp
ilemek to work too much Men
akdanaa begendim. I was so excited!
too much bija2 2 [bi:ja:] adv too much,
excessive; excessively, very, over- Gn
dowamynda on b sagat ilemek bija
kn. To work fifteen hours a day is too
much. Biiren naharymy bija
duzlapdyryn. I put too much salt in my
cooking. Gunany ileiine Serdar bija
kndi. Serdar really wanted to imitate
Guncha's work.
tool gural [gura:l] n tool, instrument saz
gurallary musical instruments (sem.
domains: 4.2.3 - Music.); senet 2 n tool,
tools dokmayny senetleri tools of a
carpet-maker, carpet-maker's tools
tooth di [di:] n tooth, teeth alyn diler
front teeth aga di ykdy. The child's
tooth has fallen out. Diimde deik bolup
agyrysyna ydaman lukmana gitdim. I
went to the dentist because I could not
bear the pain caused by the cavity in
my tooth . bygyny dii the tooth of a
saw (for cutting wood) Uly agajy uly dili
bygy bilen kesdik. We cut down the big
tree with a large-toothed saw. daragy
dii the teeth of a comb Delleki her-hilli
daraklary bar, mada dili hem iri dili. A
barber has all kinds of combs, largetoothed and small-toothed. arhy dii
the teeth of a cog diii gyjamak grit
your teeth. diii gysmak to be silent Kp

315

Derdini gozgama.
geplemede diii gysyp otur. Dont talk so
much but keep quiet. dii tmez unable
to affect diii dkmek the losing of
teeth agalar ene-atasyny dienini
etmn dilerini dkdler. Because the
children did not obey their parents, they
made their parent's teeth fall out. diii
arhlamak to punish Kakamy saa
gahary gelip diini arhlap r. My father
is angry with you and is going to punish
you. diii bejertmek to have dental
treatment diii sogurtmak to extract a
tooth dii kirini amak to eat something
Uzakly gn diimi kirini amadym,oturyp
indi nahar iein. I did not eat anything
for whole day, so now let me sit and eat
something. di-dyrnak bolmak to try with
all ones power/strength di arasyndan
syzdyrmak to talk through gritted teeth.
Gepleesi gelmn iki szi zordan di
arasyndan syzdyrdy. He did not want to
talk and spoke only two words through
gritted teeth. Gaharym gelse-de, entek
diimi gyjap rin. I gritted my teeth
because I was angry. Bu ilere seni dii
tmez, gj etmer. You are not
strong enough to affect to these events.
u gnki iimi hem gowy etjek bolup, hem
gutarjak bolup, di-dyrnak boldum. I tried
with all my strength to do well and to
finish my days work. diden-dyrnaga
enli araglanmak to arm to the teeth
Garakylar diden-dyrnaklaryna enli
araglanan kerwene ozdular. Bandits
attacked the caravan which was armed
to the teeth.
toothed dili [di:li] adj toothed, having
teeth gyzyl dili adam a person with gold
teeth dili arh cog Nirede sen meni uzyn
saly, hnji dili sglim? Where are you
my lovely girl with the long hair and a
glass bead tooth? Mamamy garrap
dileri dklip indi protez dili. My
grandmother lost her teeth because of
her age and now she has dentures.
Hawanat bagynda uly dili krokodil
grdik. We saw a large-toothed crocodile
at the zoo.
toothpick disyngar [di:synga:r] n
toothpick Trkmenistanda disyngar
ndrilmer. Toothpick is not made in
Turkmenistan.

top depe 2 n top, summit, depe ski skull

depe say mek to be frightened
/terrified Depe saym p gitdi. I was
so frightened, my hair stood on end.
{anatomy}
torment azap 1 [aza:p] n torment, torture
Azapsyz ei ok. No pain, no gain.
azap ekmek to suffer comp. azap
ekdirmek ; ezet n torment, torture,
anguish ezet bermek to torment, harass
ezet ekmek to suffer; grgi n torment,
torture, pangs alyk grgsi torment of
hunger grgi grkezmek to make
someone suffer, to torture, torment
torn zk 1 n torn out, broken, cut gara
zgi a yurt's guy rope comp. bizi
ondan tamamyz zkdi
tortoise pybaga [pyba:ga] n tortoise
torture azap ekdirmek (comp. of azap)
to torture to make someone suffer; ejir
n torture, torment, pangs ejir ekmek to
suffer agyrydan ejir ekmek to be racked
with pain ; gynamak [gy:namak] v to
torture, torment, put on the rack
(idiom)
totally bs-btin [bs-bti:n] cf:
btinle. adv totally, completely, full
agany ogullyk alada bs-btin hemme
taraplayn z ste almaly. When your
child is caught thieving you need to
take full responsibility for it. Drt yl
grmedik herim bs-btin gowy tarapa
utgpdir.
touch ellemek v to touch Hapa eli bilen
agany elleme! Don't touch the child
with your dirty hands!; galtamak v to
touch, come into contact (with) Bizi
olar bilen galtaygymyz bar. We are in
contact with them.; alamak 2 v to
touch slightly Ok onu kellesini alap
gedi. The bullet touched his head
slightly.; anamak 1 [a:namak] v to
touch Maa anama! Don't touch me!
touch on gozgamak 2 [go:zgamak] v to
touch on, raise mesele gozgamak to touch
on a subject/question comp. Derdini
gozgama.
touchy ynjyk n touchy, susceptible (to
offence), sensitive, tender, affectionate
ynjyk smlik tender plant ynjyk bolmak
to be touchy ynjyk waka delicate

turizm
situation Ol rn ynjyk adam. She is very
touchy/sensitive person.
tour gidilik n group travel, package tour,
trip, outing e gidilik headway,
advance, progress; ri 3 [ri:] n
walking tour, hike Biz p daga rie
gitdik. We all went to the mountains
hiking.
tourism jahankedelik 1 cf: turizm. n
tourism; turizm [tu'rizm] cf:
jahankedelik. n tourism
tourist turist [tu'rist] cf: jahankede. n
tourist
towards baka [baka] post towards, in the
direction of Gyz lerine baka ylgady.
The girl ran in the direction of her
house.; bakan [bakan] post towards, in
the direction of Gyz lerine bakan
ylgady. The girl ran in the direction of
her house.
towel polotense [polo'tense] cf: desmal.
n towel polotense bilen sprmek wipe or
dry with a towel
toy jjek 1 n toy, plaything Ol agasyna
her drli jjekler satyn aldy. She bought
different kinds of toys for her child. Indi
tolarda jjek semek adat boldy. Now it
has become the custom to give out
favours at weddings. {colloq}; onawa
[onawa:] n toy onawa dkany
toyshop onawa tpe toy-rifle;
ounjak 1 n toy
trace galyndy 2 [ga:lyndy] n trace,
survival, vestige kapitalizmi galyndysy
traces of capitalism; jinnek n trace,
grain, speck, fragment, atom Onu
jinnek aly hem gnsi ok. There isn't an
atom of guilt in him.
track almak 5 v to track, trace, follow,
trail yz almak to track (somebody's
footprints) comp. arkasyny almak ; yz
1 [y:z] n track aak yzy footprint,
footstep barmak yzy finger-print yz
galdyrmak to leave tracks yz yzarlamak
to trace, track, follow the track (of)
yzyna dmek to follow comp. yzlyyzyna comp. yzya el almanka
gatmak ; yzarlamak 1 [y:zarlamak] v
to track, trace yrtyjyny yzarlamak to
follow the track of a beast {footprints,
tracks, information}

316
tracker yzy [y:zy] n tracker, pathfinder
yzy it tracker dog, bloodhound
tract ol 2 [o:l] n tract dem aly ollary
respiratory tract comp. howa oly
comp. ileri ola salmak comp. maa
eke ol galar comp. Onu ii ol
almady. comp. Onu oly gowy. comp.
oa hemme ol ayk comp. z olu
bilen gitmek comp. ol bermek comp.
ola salmak comp. oldan ykan comp.
olu(yz) ak bolsun! comp. oluy
urdurmak
tractor traktor ['traktor] n tractor
trade aluw-satuw n trade, commerce,
buying and selling; senet 1 n trade,
handicraft senet wrenmek to learn a
trade; swda [swda:] n trade,
commerce swda merkezi shopping
centre US (shopping) mall
trade union profsouz (professional
souz) n trade union profsouz ygnagy
trades union meeting {abbr}
trader swdagr [swda:gr] n trader,
merchant, tradesman, profiteer
tradesman pedake [peda:ke] n
second-hand dealer, tradesman,
huckster
tradition adat 1 [a:dat] n tradition,
custom Trkmenlerde ulyny sylamak
adaty bar. Respect to elder is an
important Turkmen tradition. comp.
adatdan daary ; dp-dessur [dpdessu:r] n tradition, custom; urp n
tradition Trkmen halkyny zden
gowrak urp-adaty bar. The Turkmen
nation has more than a hundred
traditions. comp. urp-adat
traditions urp-adat [urp-a:dat] (comp. of
urp) n traditions, customs Goyokara
trkmenlerde gadymdan geln urpadatdyr. Gongshyokara is an ancient
tradition with the Turkmen.
traffic gatnaw 1 n traffic ke gatnawy
street traffic demir ol gatnawy railway
traffic; hereket 2 n traffic bir taraplayn
hereket one-way traffic ke hereketini
dzgnleri traffic regulations
train ba wretmek (comp. of ba) to
train (an animal); berkitmek 3 v to
train wrenje alary ussalara berkitmek
for young trainees to be given to a

317

itden geirmek
craftsman for training; otly2 [o:tly] n
train otly bilen gitmek to go by train tiz
otly fast train; wrenidirmek cf:
wrenimek. v to train; to accustom
(to), get them used (to) tertip-dzgne
wrenidirmek to train somebody to be
orderly ir turmaga wrenidirmek to get
somebody used to getting up early;
seislemek 1 v to train, prepare aty
seislemek to train/prepare a horse for
the races; ugur n train; taarlamak 2
[taa:rlamak] v to train; terbielemek
v to train, teach, bring up well;
trgenledirmek v to train
trainer seis n trainer [person who
trains/prepares horses for the races]
{horses}
training terbie n training , upbringing,
education; discipline, correction terbie
bermek to train, bring up, teach; to
correct; tlim n training; instruction;
trgenleik v practice, training
traitor dnk [d:nk] n traitor, betrayer
watan dngi enemy of the state Sen
beren waday unutdy,sen dnk. You
forgot your promise, you traitor. Uruda
dnkleri atardylar. Traitors were shot
in the war.; hayn [ha:yn] n
hypocrite, traitor, betrayer
tramp sergezdan [sergezda:n] n
wanderer, tramp; ykmanda [y:kmanda]
n wanderer, tramp Kedki ykmandalar
pul sorap rdler. Wanderers in the
street were walking around asking for
money.
trample dabalamak [da:balamak] v to
trample (by a camel); depelemek v to
tread, crush with feet, run over,
trample; depgilemek 2 v to trample,
crush oty depgilemek to flatten the grass
eri depgilemek well trodden bedni
depgilemek to trample the hay palygy
depgilemek to trample the clay/mud
adam hukuklaryny depgilemek to trample
on/abuse human rights
tranquility ynjalyklylyk [y:njalyklylyk] n
tranquillity, calmness Ol ele bir uwa
adam. Sen hi haan onu ynjalyklylygyny
gayryp bilmersi. He is such a quiet
man. You will never be able to disturb
his calmness.

transfer geirmek 1 v to move something,

transfer something bir erden baga ere
geirmek to move/transfer from one
place to another suw geirmek to make
water flow (past) Maa geir! Pass it to
me! baga ie geirmek to transfer to
another post klasdam klasa geirmek to
move up into the next form badan
geirmek comp. biri-birinden geirmek
comp. bokurdakdan geirmek comp.
durmua geirmek comp. geirn
ilikler comp. gzden geirmek comp.
itden geirmek ; geirtmek 1 v to have
something transferred Men iimi baga
ere geirtdim. I have my work
transferred into another place.
transferred geirilmek 1 v to be
transferred/carried somewhere else
translate geirmek 6 v to translate
trkmen dilinden ilis diline geirmek to
translate from Turkmen into English
badan geirmek comp. biri-birinden
geirmek comp. bokurdakdan geirmek
comp. durmua geirmek comp.
geirn ilikler comp. gzden geirmek
comp. itden geirmek ; terjime etmek v
to translate, interpret
translation terjime n translation,
interpretation
translator terjimei n translator,
interpreter
transport ekdirmek 3 v to transport,
carry maynda kerpi ekdirmek to
transport bricks by lorry; daamak 3 v
to convey, transport, ship maynly
daamak to transport something by
truck; ulag n transport herden dada
aamso, ie gabat gelen ulagda gidrin.
As I live well outside the city, I travel to
work by any available transport.
trap duzak n snare, trap duzaga dmek to
be trapped, be entrapped duzaga
drmek to ensnare, entrap gu tutmak
in duzak gurmak To make a trap to
catch a bird. Ol ahyry duzaga ddi. He
was trapped at the end. duzaga salmak
to entrap duzak gurmak to make a trap;
gapan1 n trap gapana dmek to fall into
a trap gapan gurmak to lay a trap; gorp
n trap, pit gorpa ykylmak to fall into a
trap
trash can bedre 3 n trash can {Amer}

turist
traveller jahankede 1 cf: turist. n
traveller, tourist Magtymguly jahankede
adam bolupdyr. Magtymguly was a
traveller.; tegi n traveller; syahaty
[sya:haty] n traveller
travelling jahankedelik 2 cf: turizm. n
travelling, touring jahankedelik etmek to
travel
traverse skmek 2 [s:kmek] v traverse,
cross kp ol skdim I've crossed many
roads
tray tabak 2 [ta:bak] n tray
tread basmak 1 v to tread Aak basmak
in basganak gurnadyk. We made steps
to tread on. say. Ody ze bas, tmese
kesek comp. zne basmak
tread on basgylamak v to tread (on)
treason dnklik [d:nklik] n treason,
treachery, faithlessness, betrayal
dnklik etmek to betray, be false
Dostua dnklik etmek z namysyy
basgylamakdyr. To betray to your friend
means to humiliate yourself. Ol
watanyna dnklik etdi. He betrayed his
country. watana dnklik high treason
treasure genji-hazyna [genji-hazy:na] cf:
gen; hazyna. n treasure
treasurer gaznay 1 cf: kassay. n
treasurer; hazynay [hazy:nay] n
treasurer, bursar
treasury gazna cf: kassa. n treasury,
exchequer dwlet gaznasy state treasury;
hazyna [hazy:na] n treasury,
treasurehouse (lit. and fig.) hazyna
tapmak to find treasure hazynada
saklamak to keep in a treasury
treat dadyrmak 1 [da:dyrmak] v to treat
oldaya dadyrmak to treat one's friend
(to) Tze etien miwni ilki agalara
dadyrmaly. Fresh fruit should firstly be
given to the children, as a treat.;
daramak v to treat, behave towards
someone owuz daramak to treat
someone severely Ol z igrlerine
rehimsizlik bilen daraar. He treats his
workers cruelly.
treated garalmak1 v to be treated, be
regarded sowuk-sala garalmak to be
treated carelessly u gnki mejlisde b
mesel garaldy. Five problems was

318
discussed in this council. Bu ie
garalypdy. This work was treated before.
treats nz-nygmat [na:z-nygmat] n all
kinds of tasty treats Onu saagy nznygmatdan doly. His table is full of all
kinds of tasty treats.
treaty ylalayk 3 [yla:layk] n treaty
Olary ylalaygy zat satmak barada.
Their treaty consists of selling goods.
{political}
tree aga 1 n tree miweli we miwesiz aga
fruit and non-fruit trees comp. agajetli
comp. telefon agajy ; bag1 4 [ba:g] n
tree baga ykmak to climb a tree az
pasylyny baynda, baglara dkn
berilr. At the start of the spring
season, the trees are manured. comp.
agalar bagy ; daragt n tree nesil daragty
family tree {literary}
tremble galpyldamak v to tremble;
sandyramak v to tremble, shiver,
shake, quiver btin endamy bilen
sandyramak to tremble all over;
tirpildemek to tremble
trembling sandyrawuk adj trembling,
shivering, tremulous sandyrawuk ses
tremulous voice
trend akym 3 n trend
trial sud n court case, trial
triangle burluk n triangle gni burly
burluk a right-angled triangle iti
burly burluk an acute-angled triangle
Bu gn biz geometria sapagynda iti
burly burluk barada wrendik. Today
in Geometry we learned about acuteangled triangles. {mathematics}
tribe tapa [ta:pa] n tribe, people group
Teke tapa iinde kp tire bar the Teke
tribe has many clans within it; tire
[ti:re] n clan, tribe Teke tapa iinde kp
tire bar the Teke tribe has many clans
within it; tire-tapa n tribe
tribesman tirede fellow tribesman,
fellow tribesperson, person from the
same tribe
trim jhek n edging, trim (on clothing),
border, hem Donu owadan jhegi bar.
The robe has beatiful trim.
trip gezelen 1 n trip, tour, walk gezelenje
gitmek to go for a ride, travel, go for a
trip, go for a walk; to go as a tourist

319

hakyy gidermek
gezelenje ykmak to go outside just for
the sake of it gezelen etmek to travel, go
on a trip, have a walk
trolleybus trollebus [trol'lebus] n
trolleybus
trouble azap 2 [aza:p] n trouble, pains
Men ondan kp azap grdm. I have seen
more suffering than s/he has. comp.
azap ekdirmek ; azar 2 [aza:r] n
trouble azara gomak to give someone a
lot of trouble azara galmak don't trouble
yourself comp. Onu azaryna-da dl. ;
sanjy 2 n trouble, anxiety sanjy bolup
durmak to give trouble, make anxious/
uneasy {fig}
trouble maker bozgak n trouble-maker,
rabble-rouser Bizi kmizde bozgak
oglan aaar. A boy who makes trouble
lives on our street. Onap orkk bozgak
goymyz gelip barymyzy sgidirip gody.
troubled aladaly 1 adj troubled, anxious,
worried aladaly adam restless person
aladaly i stressful work
troublemaker dawayl [da:wa:yl] cf:
dawake. n troublemaker dawayl adam
rowdy/quarrelsome person; iigara 2 n
troublemaker, mischief maker,
malefactor
trough nowa 1 n drinking trough
Guyny anynda mallar in nowa bar.
Next to the well there is a drinking
trough for the animals.
trousers jalbar 1 n trousers Daym maa
jalbar satyn aldy. My uncle bought me
some trousers. {Brit}
trowel pile 1 [pi:le] n trowel, small
spade
true yn adj true yn delil yn z a true
word yn dost true friend yn rekden
with all one's heart yna berimsiz yna
azdyrmak; hak 2 adj true, right, correct
Bu hak. It is true. Siziki hak You are
right. hak sz right word comp. hakhesip comp. hak-hukuk comp. hakhukukly comp. hakyny alyp bermek
comp. hakyy gidermek ; rast [ra:st] adj
true rast atmak to tell the truth; to be
true seni adanlary rast what you
said is true
truly dogrudan - rightly, really, in fact, in
truth, truly Ol dogrudan hem syrkaw. He

really is ill. Dogrudan-da seni aky

adanlary ynmy? Is it really true what
you just said? Dogrudanam, sen u wagt
Agabatdan gelip durymy? Have you
really just come from Ashgabat? ; walla
interj truly!; really and truly! Walla, men
saa nme dijegimi bilmedim. Really, I
did not know what to tell you. Walla,
muny men saa ndip dndirein?
Really, I do not know how to explain it
to you.
trumpet surna [surna:] n trumpet
trunk sandaak n trunk or chest with
feet; sandyk n trunk, box, chest [used
to transport the bride's belongings to
her new home when she gets married,
and often used in place of a wardrobe]
trust ygtybar bolmak [ygtyba:r] cf:
ynam, ynan. trust, belief Men bu
adama ygtybar bolup biljek dl. I can not
trust to this man.; ynan cf: ynam,
ygtybar bolmak. n trust, faith, belief
ynan haty power of attorney; ynanmak
2 cf: ynandyrmak. v to trust sze
ynanmak to take on trust Oa ynanma.
Don't trust him/her. Ol z aalyna
ynananok. He doesn't trust his wife.
trust one another ynanymak to trust
one another Olar biri-birine syryny
ynanyarlar. They trust their secret
each other.
trustworthy ynamdar [ynamda:r] cf:
ygtybarly, ynamly. adj loyal,
trustworthy, reliable Meni dostum
ynamdar adam. My friend is
trustworthy.
truth hak 1 n truth, veracity hak atmak
to tell the truth comp. hak-hesip comp.
hak-hukuk comp. hak-hukukly comp.
hakyny alyp bermek comp. hakyy
gidermek ; hakykat 1 [haky:kat] n
truth, veracity obektiw hakykat
objective truth hakykata etmek to
arrive at the truth hakykaty atmek to
tell the truth Onu gelmejegi hakykat
boldy. It was true that he will not come.
truthful dogruyl 2 adj sincere, real,
truthful; truthfully dogruyl bean etmek
to expound something truthfully aat
dogruyl grkezmelerini bean etse kp
soraglar zljek. If a witness shares his
testimony truthfully many problems will

Ody ze bas, tmese kesek

be solved. agalary dogruyl bolar aly
ilki z dogruyl bolmaly. For your
children to be truthful first you need to
be truthful yourself.; hakykaty
[haky:katy] adj truthful, upright,
straightforward hakykaty adam upright
man
truthfulness ynlyk 1 n truthfulness,
veracity
try basmak 5 v to try say. Ody ze bas,
tmese kesek comp. zne basmak ;
bolmak 6 v to try, to be about to
ldrjek bolmak to try to kill comp.
Boldy! comp. Boljak! comp. bolmajysy
bolmak comp. Bolar! comp. Indi boldy!
; dyrjamak v to try, attempt zi
aklajak bolup dyrjamak to try to justify
oneself Kiijik piijek uly agaja dyrmajak
bolup dyrjaardy. The kitten was trying
to climb the big tree. Grede kakasyny
ejek bolup ogly dyrjaardy. The son
was tryng to beat his father at wrestling.
Eden iii gowy etjek bolup dyrjamaly.
You must try to do your work well. ;
dyzamak 1 v to try, attempt Uly day
erinden srjek bolup dyzadym. I tried
to move a big rock. Brigadamyz de
goan meilnamany wagtyndan erine
etirjek bolup dyzady. Our brigade tried
to complete a plan early. agajyk
emedeklejek bolup e tarap dyzaar. The
baby tries to crawl and moves forward.;
synanymak [sy:nanymak] v to try,
attempt, undertake
Tuesday sienbe n Tuesday {literary}
tug silkmek 3 v to tug (by) birini
einden silkmek to pull someone by the
sleeve
tulip igildem n tulip; lle1 n wild tulip
(plant) lle gl wild tulip (flower) alelwan lle bright red tulip
tumour i1 2 [i:] n tumour, lump
tune dzmek 2 cf: dzlk1. v to tune
(musical instrument) dutary dzmek to
tune a dutar Sklgi duran gitarany
dzp bagy saz alyp balady. After he
tuned the guitar, the singer began to
sing a song. ; sazlamak 1 [sa:zlamak] v
to tune dutary sazlamak to tune a dutar
tunnel tonnel n tunnel

320
turban selle n turban kelle selle oramak
to wind a turban round one's head
Turk trk 1 n A Turk
Turkestan trkstan Turkestan (sem.
domains: 9.7.2.2 - Names of regions.)
Turkey Trkie n Turkey
turkic trki n turkic trki dil Turkic
language
Turkish trk 2 adj Turkish trk dili
Turkish (language); trke n in Turkish,
Turkish
Turkmen trkmen 2 adj Turkmen
trkmen dili Turkmen, the Turkmen
language (sem. domains: 4.1.2 - Types
of people.); trkmene n Turkmen Ol
arassa Trkmene gepledi. He spoke
Turkmen with a good accent.
Turkmen traditions trkmenilik n
Turkmen traditions Trkmenilikde
myhmany duz-rek bilen gary almaly it
is a Turkmen tradition to meet people
with bread and salt
Turkmenistan Trkmenistan
[Trkmenista:n] n Turkmenistan (sem.
domains: 9.7.2.1 - Names of countries.)
turn agdarmak 1 [a:gdarmak] v to turn
Gutap biirenide iki tarapyna agdyrmaly.
When you cook gutap, you must turn
them over.; alanmak 3 v to turn
Mayn atrykdan alandy. The car is
turning the corner.; wrmek 1 v to
turn something inside out jbii
wrmek to turn one's pocket inside
out; dolamak 2 v turn, turn around,
turn back mallary yzyna dolamak to turn
the herd around Gn amaka opan
srini yza dolady. Before sunset the
shepherd turned the flock around. olda
tupan turup,kerweni yza doladyk. Turn to
right at the first crossroads at the main
road. mayny epe dolamak to turn the
car left Gidip baran adamy yza dolamak
in uly sebp gerek. There needs to be a
good reason to turn back the person
who is leaving.; dnmek 1 [d:nmek] v
to turn, turn over, change Ol z
pikirinden dndi. He/she has changed
his/her mind. comp. dne dnmek ;
gatarmak 2 v to turn srini gatarmak
to turn the flock jogap gatarmak to
answer back el gatarmak to hit back;
gezek 2 cf: gezekki. n turn Hzir seni

321

rege dmek
gezegi. It is your turn now. Seni
gezegi hem geler. Your turn will also
come.; nobat 1 [no:bat] n turn nobatya
gara! Wait for your turn! Meni
nobatym. It is my turn. z nobatynda in
one's turn nobat bouna in turn, in
order comp. birinji nobatda ; wrm 1
n turn(ing), bend, curve birinji
wrmden saga git go to the right from
the first turning derany wrminde at
the bend of a river olu wrminde at
the turning of a road; wrmek 1 v to
turn; to change yzyna wrmek to turn
back zi wrmek to avert one's face,
turn aside; to turn away (from), to
break (with), to forsake baga tarapa
wrmek to change direction comp.
pikir wrmek comp. zi wrmek ;
pyrlanmak v to rotate, revolve, turn
er z okuny dayndan pyrlanar. The
Earth turns on its axis.; sowulmak 1 v
to turn sowul bela! sowul bela! turn away
misfortune!; azmak3 3 [a:zmak] cf:
azdyrmak1, bahar. v to turn Ondan
so grr baga tarapa azdy. Then the
conversation turned to another topic.
turn around dndermek 1 [d:ndermek]
v to turn around beleki tarapyna
dndermek to turn from one side to the
other agany arkanlygyna dndermek to
turn the baby round atan syrkawy
adamaz aly beleki tarapyna
dnderdiler. They turned the patient
over onto his other side to help him
sleep. Nme sebp bilen menden z
dnderrsi? Why do you turn your
back on me? z dndermek to reject;
dnmek 2 [d:nmek] v to turn around,
turn back, return, come back yzya
dnmek to return, come back Mayn
k bayna eteninden so ene yzyna
dndi. The car turned around when it
came to the top of the street. {death}
comp. dne dnmek
turn bitter ajamak [a:jamak] v to turn
bitter, go off, turn sour, ferment Hamyr
kp durup ajapdyr. The dough stood so
long it went sour. Yssyda galan miwe
ajapdyr. In the heat, the remaining fruit
spoiled.
turn cold sowamak v to get cold, turn
cold Howa sowady. The weather has
turned cold.

turn cool salkynlamak 1 v to turn cool

agydan so howa salkynlady the
weather has turned cool after the rain
turn into dndermek 2 [d:ndermek] v
to turn into, convert, transform suwy
buza dndermek to turn water into ice
Gli aaz bir gijede derany buza
dnderdi. The severe cold turned the
river into ice overnight. Gzbagy
elindki ak kagyzy ak kepder dnderdi.
The magician turned white paper into a
white dove.
turn off beklemek 2 v to turn off oly
beklemek to shut the road Ol gaz
turbasyny bekledi. He turned off the gas
supply. comp. agyz beklemek ;
rmek 1 cf: mek. v to turn off,
switch off gazy rmek to turn off the
gas yrany rmek to turn off the light;
sndrmek v to turn off, put out (fire),
switch off
turn on amak 4 v to turn on Radiony
asana, gyzykly gepleik gidip dur. Turn
on the radio, there is interesting speech
is going on. comp. agyz amak comp.
ara amak comp. gwn amak comp.
grr amak ; iletmek 2 [i:letmek] v
to turn something on, to put into
operation, start up motory iletmek to
start up an engine; akmak1 5 v to
switch on, turn on Men adym eitmek
in radiony akdym. I switched on radio
for listening to music. comp. iini
akmak comp. janyy akmak comp.
mallary suwa akmak
turn out dmek2 9 cf: dnmek. v to
wind up in, to be in, to turn out Keseki
erlere dse, z Watanyy ksersi.
If you wind up in foreign parts, you
miss your own country. comp. abradan
dmek comp. aa dmek comp. aagy
dmek comp. ara dmek comp. bay
dmek comp. ke dmek comp. ele
dmek comp. gorka dmek comp.
haldan dmek comp. howsala dmek
comp. jayna dmek comp. kne
dmek comp. kjesine dmek comp.
ruhdan dmek comp. salkyn dmek
comp. surata dmek comp. tapdan
dmek comp. stnden dmek1 comp.
yka dmek comp. ada dmek comp.
ola dmek comp. rege dmek ;

Bir bar eken, bir ok eken . . .

eken v modal it turns out that, seems
that, apparently comp. Bir bar eken, bir
ok eken . . .
turn round alanmak 4 v to turn round
Mayn yzyna alandy. The car made a Uturn. Ol akylyna alandy. He has come
back to his senses.
turn to zlenmek 2 v to turn to, appeal
to Ol kmek sorap kime zlenjegini
bilmedi. She didn't know who to turn to
for help.
turn up sekmek v to turn up, come,
appear somewhere gadyp bu ere
aagyy sekme! don't come here any
more!
turn upside-down ddermek v to turn
something over, turn something upsidedown, overturn something ksni
dderip gomak to turn a cup upsidedown
turn while agartmak 3 [a:gartmak] cf:
aklamak. v to turn white Agyr durmu
onu sa-sakgalyny agartdy. A difficult
life has turned his hair and beard white.
turn yellow saralmak [sa:ralmak] v to
turn golden or yellow gawunlar
saralypdyr the melons have ripened
(turned yellow) saralyp grnmek to
look ripe (yellow) comp. saralyp solmak
turnover dolanyyk 4 n turnover,
operation (of trade) swda dolanyygy
business turnover Halky alyjylyk ukyby
pes bolsa swda dolanyygy pes bolar. If
the purchasing power of people is low,
business turnover will be low too.
Swda dolanyyga on million manat pul
gberdik. We invested ten million
manat to stimulate trade. pul dolanyygy
cash flow
tutor halypa 1 [haly:pa] n tutor, master,
teacher, guru
twentieth igriminji twentieth igriminji
yllar the twentieth igriminji yllary
balarynda in the early twenties
igriminji sahypa page twenty
twenty igrimi num twenty igrimi aly
oglan a young man of twenty
twig aha n stem, twig, branch
twilight alagaraky [a:lagaraky] adj
twilight, dusk, dawn; am [a:m] adv

322
twilight; evening meal, supper l
wagylaryna am edip bermek to give to
wild animals as food
twins ekiz n twins
twist burmak 2 v to twist, twirl, wind
round elini arkasyna burmak to twist
one's arms behind his back Stoly
aagyny burmasa, biraz wagtdan
ykylar. Tama nurbady burup ondan
owadan ekili asdym. Joramy oun bilen
burup alan eri ggerip dur.
Hojalygymyzda saklaan gazymyzy
gaharyny getirse nki bilen burup alar.;
eplem n bend, twist, fold, pleat;
towlamak v to twist, turn; tighten
comp. boun towlamak ; towlanmak v
to twist, turn, revolve
twisted egri 2 cf: el. adj twisted,
perverted Sen egri pikire eerme. Don't
follow twisted thinking. comp. aagyny
egri basmak comp. egri oturyp, dogry
grlemek/szlemek comp. eli egri
twister tupan 2 [tupa:n] n twister {Amer
colloq}; twele 2 n twister {Amer
colloq}
twitter saramak v to twitter, sing
(birdsong)
two iki num two Habary eidip,
begenjimizden aa iki bolup bilmedik.
When we heard this news, we jumped
with joy.; jp 1 cf: jbt. pair, team (of
draft animals) {colloq} comp. jpne
dmek
two metre measuring stick atanak 2 n
two metre measuring stick comp. atanak
ekmek
two sided ikitaraplayn two-sided,
biliteral Trkmen-ilis ikitaraplayn
gepleik geirildi. Turkmen-English
biliteral conersation was held.
two year old goat erke n two-year-old
goat; castrated (male) goat
type grn 1 cf: forma, galyp,
standart, li. n kind, sort, type,
version, variant, variation; hil 2 [hi:l] n
kind, sort, type, character Ol bir hili
adam. He's that kind of person. (i.e.
strange, odd) her hili adamlar all sorts
(of people)
typing peat1 1 [pe'at] cf: ap. n typing
peat etmek to type

323

gagysyz gara suwda semrr

tyre ina ['ina] n tyre

Uu

udder elin n udder Sygry elni stden

dolup durdy. Cow's udder was full of
milk.
ugly betnyan [betnya:n] adj ugly Maa
betnyan gyz bolsa-da, regi ak. Even if
Maya is an ugly girl, her heart is pure.;
geliksiz 1 adj ugly, unattractive, plain,
ill-proportioned geliksiz igit
unattractive boy/guy
ulama
umbrella saawan [sa:awa:n] n
umbrella
umm
Umyt umyt 2 [umy:t] n Umyt Umyt rn
zehinli okuwy. Umyt is a very talented
student. [a man's name] comp.
umydyy zmek comp. umyt baglamak
comp. umyt etmek comp. umytdan
gamak
UN Birleen urtlar (comp. of B) the
United Nations; B n UN comp. Birleen
urtlar
unanimously biragyzdan adv
unanimously
unanswered jogapsyz 1 [joga:psyz] adj
unanswered jogapsyz mesele an unsolved
problem {mathematics}
unash una [u:na] n noodles
Sowuklamada burly una imek maslahat
berilr. When you catch a cold it is
recommended that you eat noodles with
hot chilli. [a thick soup containing pasta
(US noodles), black-eyed peas, and
(usually) chilli]
unauthorised ygtyarsyz 1 [ygtya:rsyz]
adj unauthorised, without permission
Onu ol gezekki eilmegi ony ygtyarsyz
adama wrdi. That time's fail turned
him into an unauthorised person.

unbelievable event akyla sygmajak

waka (comp. of akyl) unbelievable
event
unchangeable tgewsiz adj
unchangeable, not changeable;
immutable, invariable Bu ybadathana
b asyrlap tgewsiz saklanypdyr. They
kept this temple five centuries without
changing it.
uncle aga 3 [a:ga] n sir Sen oa 'Myrat
aga' dimeli, ol senden uly. You need to
call him 'Myrat aga' because he is older
than you. [used as a term of respect for
an older man]; day [da:y] n uncle
{maternal}
uncomfortable bija1 1 [bi:ja:] adj
uncomfortable assygym bija gaty
bolany in bonumy agyrdar. My back
hurt a lot from an uncomfortably hard
cushion.; oasyz 1 adj uncomfortable
oasyz kreslo uncomfortable armchair;
tagayksyz adj uncomfortable;
ynjalyksyz 2 [y:njalyksyz] adj
uncomfortable ynjalyksyz oturgy
uncomfortable chair
uncomfortably amatsyz 2 [a:matsyz] adv
uncomfortably, inconveniently; bija1 5
[bi:ja:] adv uncomfortably, awkwardly
Zalda maa erbet orun ddi, menem bija
oturup, bonumy gyra aplamaly boldum.
I ended up in a poor place in the sitting
room, and sitting awkwardly, I had to
bend my neck to one side.
unconcerned gagysyz adj light-hearted,
unconcerned, happy-go-lucky, free
gagysyz adam unconcerned/carefree
person gagysyz aamak to live
unworried gagysyz pul har etmek to
spend money unconcerned gagysyz
adam unworried man gagysyz grlemek
to speak freely say. gagysyz gara
suwda semrr

aakky (aakdaky)
unconscious behu [behu:] adj
unconscious Me ekip behu bolan
adam aklyny itirr. Those who take
hashish lose consciousness.
unconvincing gowak 4 adj
unconvincing; quiet, wary
uncultivated boz adj virgin, uncultivated
Boz erlerini agdarmak kyn. It's hard to
plough uncultivated ground. Bizi
anymyzda bo atan boz medan bar.
Near us there is an uncultivated virgin
field. boz at
undaunted gaduwsyz adj undaunted,
fearless, intrepid, staunch gaduwsyz
greiji staunch fighter
under ast post under stolu astynda under
the table; aak 3 [aa:k] post
underneath, down Aak tarapdan el
wsr. There's a draft underneath.
aak seretmek to look down comp.
aakky (aakdaky) comp. aak aagynda
under cooked ig 1 [i:g] adj undercooked, rare ig nahar undercooked food
ig sygyr eti rare beef
underdeveloped yzagalak
underdeveloped Meni garyndalarymda
yzagalak pikir bar. My relatives have
underdeveloped thoughts. Olar
durmudan yzagalak, henizem Internedi
nmedigini bilmerler. They are
underdeveloped in the life, they don't
know still waht is Internet.
underneath aak 1 [aa:k] post below,
under Jay aagy umrulyp balapdyr.
The house foundation is starting to
deteriorate. comp. aakky (aakdaky)
comp. aak aagynda
undersized gyrymsy adj undersized,
shortish, short gyrymsy smlik shrub
gyrymsy agalar bushes
understand alamak [a:lamak] v to
understand ; fathom, guess, make out;
ayrmak [a:yrmak] v to understand,
guess, make out; barmak1 3 v to
succeed in understanding comp. Bar,
iie git! say. agyrylmadyk erie
barma, agyrlan eriden galma ; ba
ykarmak 1 (comp. of ba, ykarmak1)
to understand, make out; dmek2 7 cf:
dnmek. v to understand, get Sen

324
meni adan zatlaryma drmi? Do
you understand what I am saying?
comp. abradan dmek comp. aa
dmek comp. aagy dmek comp.
ara dmek comp. bay dmek comp.
ke dmek comp. ele dmek comp.
gorka dmek comp. haldan dmek
comp. howsala dmek comp. jayna
dmek comp. kne dmek comp.
kjesine dmek comp. ruhdan dmek
comp. salkyn dmek comp. surata
dmek comp. tapdan dmek comp.
stnden dmek1 comp. yka dmek
comp. ada dmek comp. ola dmek
comp. rege dmek ; dnmek cf:
dmek2. v to understand, comprehend,
grasp, know Daary urtlarda aap
grmese dplerine dnmek kyn. It is
difficult to comprehend the traditions of
foreign countries if you do not live
there. Sen meni szlerime ndogry
dnme. Do not misunderstand me.
undoubtedly gmansyz [gma:nsyz] adv
undoubtedly, doubtless, beyond all
question, Sen, gmansyz, mamla. There
is no doubt that you are right.
uneasy bikarar [bi:kara:r] adj uneasy,
restless, impatient; uneasily, restlessly,
impatiently Iden gij galyp gelsem ejem
bikarar bolup garaar. If I get home late
from work my mother waits restlessly.
Meni jigim bikarar, ol bir zada kp
garayp bilenok. My younger sister is
impatient, she finds it hard to wait.
uneducated ylymsyz adj uneducated, not
educated Biz ylymsyzlara ylym
wretmelidiris. We must teach
uneducated people.
unemployed isiz [i:siz] adj
unemployed, jobless isiz bolmak to be
unemployed, be out of work
unemployment isizlik n unemployment
Daary urtlarda gn-gnden isizlik
artar. Unemployment is increasing in
foreign countries day by day.
unevenly cooked ala 2 [a:la] adj to be
unevenly cooked Palaw ala gataly
biipdir. The pilau was unevenly cooked.
{rice} comp. ala tutmak
unexpected dudansyz [duda:nsyz] adj
unexpected, abrupt, sudden
dudansyzlyk bilen unexpectedly,

325

Birlik Hudaa agy

abruptly dudansyz urgy an unexpected
blow dudansyz duuyk an unexpected
meeting Dudansyz berlen sowala jogap
tapyp bilmedim. I could not come up
with an answer to the surprise
question. Habar gelip dudansyz gitmeli
boldum. I had to leave after I got a
surprise message. Faistler Sowet halkyna
dudansyz ozdular. Fascists carried out
a surprise attack on the Soviet people.
unexpectedly ttnlik adv accidentally,
unexpectedly
unfaithful biwepa [bi:wepa:] adj
unfaithful, disloyal, faithless Dostum
sglisini biwepalygyny bilip, onu bilen
arasyny ady. When my friend found out
that his girlfriend had been unfaithful
he broke off relations with her. say. It
wepaly, hele biwepa
unfamiliar nbelet [n:belet] adj
unfamiliar Bu adymy meni in
nbelet. This singer is unfamiliar to me.;
ntany adj unfamiliar, unknown
ntany adam stranger Biz
ntanydyk. Previously we did not know
each other. ntany ke unknown street
ntany her unknown city Men
Agabatda azadym, sebbi uly aher
maa ntany. I got lost in Ashgabat
because it is a large city unfamiliar to
me. Ejem maa ntanys adamdan sji
alma diip maslahat berrdy. My mother
told me not to take candy from
strangers
unfinished ig 3 [i:g] adj not ready,
unfinished ig eser a work that hasn't
been completed ig mal an animal that
isn't ready
unfitness aramazlyk 2 n unfitness,
uselessness, ineligibility ie aramazlyk
unfitness to the work Bahalarymy
aramazlygy sebpli Uniwersitete okuwa
girip bilmedim. As I had bad marks I
couldn't enter the University.
unhappy bagtsyz adj unhappy,
unfortunate Uruda ogalan esgerleri
ene-atalary bagtsyz. The parents of
soldiers who come back deceased from
the war are unhappy. Mayp we etimler
ndki agalar rn bagtsyz. Cripples
and orphans who live at home are very
unfortunate. bagtsyz bolmak to be

unhappy 1948-nji yldaky er titremesi

Trkmenistan in i bagtsyz yl boldy.
The earthquake which occurred in 1948
made it the most unfortunate year for
Turkmenistan. bagtsyz etmek to make
unhappy; bagtygara adj unhappy,
unlucky; nrazy [nra:zy] adj unhappy,
displeased, dissatisfied, not satisfied
Men senden nrazy. I am not happy with
you.
unharmed aman 2 [ama:n] adv
unharmed, safe, healthy aman aamak
to live in peace and safety
uninformed bihabar [bi:habar] adj
uninformed, ill-informed, unaware (of)
dnden bihabar bolmak to be unaware
of what is going on around the world
bihabar galmak not be informed Tze
kanun ykanyndan men bihabar. I'm not
aware of the new law.
uninteresting kepsiz 2 adj uninteresting
kepsiz oun an uninteresting game
union bileleik n union, association
eperilik bileleigi ayldy. An artists
union has started up.; birleik n union,
society, association, alliance
unite agyz birikdirmek (comp. of agyz)
to make an alliance, to unite Ekologia
barada Parlamentdki partialara agyz
birikdirmek baartmady. Parliament was
not able to unite the parties over
ecological issues.; bilelemek v to
unite, join, combine Ja guranymyzda
doganlarymyz bilen bileleip iledik. When
I built a house with my brothers we
worked together. Hemmmiz bileleip
mayny batgadan ykardyk. We all
combined forces and pushed the car out
of the bog.; birledirmek v unite two
parties, join two parties together,
combine; jebislemek v to unite, bring
together, join two things tightly
together , to fix something firmly Halk
gn-gnden berk jebisler. People dr
closer together day by day.
unity agzybirlik 2 [agzybi:rlik] n unity,
unanimity, concord; birlik 1 n unity
sport guramalaryny birligi pikir birligi
say. Birlik Hudaa agy
universal hlumumy [hlumu:my] adj
universal, general hlumumy salaw
hukugy universal suffrage

eesi nbelli szlem

universe lem-jahan [:lem-jahan]
(comp. of lem) n universe
university uniwersitet [uniwersi'tet] n
university Meni klasdaym uniwersitetde
okaar. My classmate studies at the
University.
unjust adalatsyz [ada:latsyz] adj unjust,
unfair
unkind mhirsiz adj unkind, reserved,
unfriendly mhirsiz garay unfriendly
look
unknown nbelli adj not well-known,
unknown, unheard of; uncertain nbelli
ada unknown island nbelli ahyr
unfamiliar poet Onu haan geljegi
nbelli. No one knows when he will
come. comp. eesi nbelli szlem
unleavened bread petir [peti:r] n
unleavened bread ne hamyr, ne petir
neither fish, nor fowl (sem. domains:
3.5.4.2 - Saying, proverb.) comp. petir
bezelen aly bolmak
unlimited ksiz adj unlimited,
unrestricted, unbounded, limitless,
infinite aga bolan ksiz sgi. The
limitless love of a child.; legsiz 1 adj
unlimited, limitless, without limit,
unrestricted bir zady legsiz ulanmak to
use something without limit; tkeniksiz
n unlimited
unload drmek 2 v to unload,
discharge, get off k drmek to
unload Traktory telekasyndan gawungarpyz drdik. We unloaded melons
and water-melons from the trailer of the
tractor. comp. ele dmek
unlucky betbagt adj unlucky, bad Meni
durmuymda i betbagt gn, ejemi
ogalan gni. The worst day in my life
was the day my mother died.; owsuz
adj unlucky
unmarried bo 3 n unmarried bo gyz
unmarried woman; virgin comp. mr
boy comp. yl boy ; rsiz (comp. of
r) adj not married, unmarried [without
a husband] {f}
unnecessary artykma 1 n unnecessary,
extra; free artykma orun free place
comp. artykma grr ; gereksiz cf:
gerekmejek. adj unnecessary,
unwanted gereksiz zatlar unnecessary

326
things gereksiz depder; nhak 2 adj
without any reason, unnecessary Inim,
sen nhak azara galarsy! Little brother,
you are putting yourself out for no
reason! comp. nhak gan dkmek comp.
nhak grr
unpleasant agyr 5 adj unpleasant ygly
tamda agyr ys bolar. Damp walls have
an unpleasant smell.; nho cf: nsag.
adv unpleasant; ill Ol zni u gn nho
duar. Today he feels ill himself.;
akymsyz 1 adj unpleasant, bad
akymsyz habar bad news akymsyz
grrler unpleasant rumours akymsyz
grrler bilen meni kellmi agyrtma.
Don't bother me with unpleasant
rumours.; oku adj unpleasant,
annoying oku sz atmak to say
unpleasant words comp. oku grmek
unpleasantness aramazlyk 3 n
unpleasantness howany aramazlygy
unpleasantness of the weather
unprofitable zyanly 3 [zya:nly] adj
unprofitable zyanly swda trading at a
loss
unravel zmek 1 v to unravel, undo,
untie dwni zmek to untie a knot
kw bagyny zmek to untie the lace
of one's boots
unrealised goal arman 1 [arma:n] n
unrealised goal, unfulfilled dream
Uniwersiteti gutarsam, mende arman ok.
If I finish university, I'll have no further
unfulfilled dreams. comp. arman
ekmek
unreliability ymykly1 1 n unreliability,
untrustworthiness
unripe ig 2 [i:g] adj unripe ig garpyz
unripe water melon ig nm unripe
vegetable
unsalted duzy gaan (comp. of duz) adj
unsalted Duzy gaan grr atmada,t
zeliklerden habar ber. Do not tell us
boring things, but give us real news.
unskilled hnrsiz adj without a
profession, unskilled
unsociable garasmez adj unsociable
garasmez adam unsociable person
unstable durnuksyz adj unstable,
unsteady
unstick goparmak 1 v to unstick, take off

327

Amerikany Birleen tatlary

until enli post by, before, to, until sagat
sekiz enli by six o'clock Agabada enli
to Ashgabat, as far as Ashgabat; t
particle until ertirden t agama enli
from morning right up to evening t
men gelnm gara wait for me until
the moment I come back [used for
emphasis, is redundant in all examples
below]
unusual aratyn 1 [araty:n] adj
particular, special, unusual aratyn
salanmak to stand out; tgeik 2 adj
unusual, special, particular, peculiar
tgeik tagam special taste tgeik
oglan unusual boy tgeik nme habar
bar? what is the news?
unwanted idegsiz 2 [i:degsiz] adj
unwanted
unwillingly kl-klne adv unwillingly,
without one's heart being in it,
reluctantly kl-klne dmek to end up
doing something unwillingly oforlyk
krini ele almagy kl-klne dr. He
reluctantly took up driving as a
profession.
up okaryk 1 [okary:k] adv up, upwards
alt okaryk galmak to go up quickly
basganak bilen okaryk ykmak to go
upstairs Gn bulutdan okaryk galyp
balady. The sun began to rise in the
sky.
up to en 3 n to, up to, until Turmaga en
boldy.
upas
upbringing edep 1 n upbringing,
breeding, background agalara edep
wretmek to teach children upbringing
upload klemek 2 v to upload
programma klemek to upload a
program comp. gn klemek comp.
stne klemek
upper stki adj upper stki gat upper floor
stki geim overcoat, outer clothing;
okardaky 1 [okarda:ky] adj upper
okardaky emodanda meni zatlarym
bar. My things are in the upper
suitcase.; okarky 1 adj upper okarky
eta upper floor okarky eker upper
drawer atmosferany okarky gatlagy
upper layers of the atmosphere

upside baaak [baaa:k] adj upsidedown Meni agam elini stnde baaak
durup bilr. My older brother/relative
can do hand-stands.
upstairs okary 3 adj upstairs; above, up;
the top; high, advanced, upper; high,
greater than usual; east okary ykmak
to go upstairs Tozan okary galdy. Dust
began to rise. okarda oturmak to sit in
the place of honour okary hili high
quality okar tarapa gitmek to go
toward the east {person's position,
education}
urgent gyssag adj urgent, pressing gyssag
i pressing business, urgent matter;
gyssagly adj urgent, pressing gyssagly
telegramma express telegram gyssagly hat
express letter gyssagly ugramak to depart
quickly, set off quickly/hurriedly; zerur
3 [zeru:r] adj urgent, pressing Men u
wagt iden zerur jaa garaan. I am
waiting for an urgent call from work.
urinate simek v to urinate, pass water
urine peew n urine peew etmek to
urinate, discharge urine peew analizi
urinalysis {dial}
USA AB n USA Meni oglum AB-ny
ilihanasyna ie girdi. My son get work in
the embassy of USA. {abbr} comp.
Amerikany Birleen tatlary ;
Amerikany Birleen tatlary (comp.
of AB) the United States of America
use pedalanmak [peda:lanmak] v to
use, benefit (from), profit (from/by),
make use (of) hli serideleri
pedalanmak to use every possible
means tebigy balyklary pedalanmak to
use natural wealth elektrik
energiasyndan pedalanmak to use
electric energy; ulanmak v to use Maral
meni beren eginbalarymy ulanar.
Maral wears the clothes I gave her. Tze
alan komputerimizi ulanmak in tze
hnrment ie kabul etdik. In order to use
our newly bought computer, we hired a
specialist. Mugallymdan ulanmak in
tze kitap aldym. Tze alan
komputerimizi ulanmak in tze
hnrmen ie kabul etdik. In order to use
our newly bought computer, we hired a
new specialist.; aratmak 2 v to use, to
make use (of) Bankany zyma, tomus,

sanjamak

328

[pedaly] zada aradaryn. Don't throw

the jar away, this summer I can make
good use of it (for canning).
use up symylamak v to use up, run
through
useful aramly 2 adj useful aramly igiler
useful drinks
usefulness derek1 2 n usefulness, use,
function
useless biderek 1 [bi:derek] adj useless,
in vain, of no use biderek wagtyy
itirmek to waste one's time biderek ere
about/over nothing, to no purpose Sen
biderek ere gaharlanarsy. You get
angry about/over nothing.; pedasyz
[peda:syz] adj useless, unvaining, vain;
unprofitable, non-lucrative pedasyz
bolmak to be useless pedasyz i
unprofitable business/affair; ujypsyz 1
[ujy:psyz] adj useless, tiny Meni
ujypsyz alygym die imitimize etr.
My small salary is enough only for our
food. Biz muzeda mikroskopy aagynda
ujypsyzja kebelek grdk. We looked at a
tiny butterfly through a microscope at
the museum. u gn kitap okap, ierde
ujypsyz i edildi. {inanimate}
ussahanasyna

USSR SSSR n USSR - Union of Soviet

Socialist Republics {abbr}
usual adaty [a:daty] adj usual, ordinary
adaty waka the way things are, the usual
thing; hemieki [hemi:eki] adj usual,
customary, ordinary, regular hemieki
tertipde in the usual order
usually adata [a:data] adv usually,
ordinarily, as a rule; kplen adv
usually, in most cases kplen halatlarda
in most cases Kplen halatlarda onuky
dogry bolup ykar. In most cases he
turns out to be right.; umuman 3
[umu:man] conjunction usually Maraly
e n geljegini bilemok, umuman
geln wagty sagat edilerde. I don't
know when Maral will come home, she
usually comes at 7 o'clock.
utensil esbap 4 [esba:p] n utensils
esbaplary home utensils aty esbaby
untensil of horse
utensils go-gola n belongings, utensils
Uzbek zbek 2 [:zbek] adj Uzbek Men
zbek I am an Uzbek. zbek gyzy Uzbek
girl (sem. domains: 4.1.2 - Types of
people.)
Uzbekistan zbegistan [:zbegista:n] n
Uzbekistan (sem. domains: 4.6.7.1 Country.)

Vv

vacation kanikul n vacation, holiday gy

kanikuly winter holiday Kanikulda
agalar oba gezelenje gidrler. Children
go for a trip to the village in the
holidays. [between terms, for students,
etc.]
vaccinate sanmak 3 cf: sanjamak. v to
vaccinate (against), inoculate (with)
{medical}
vaccine sangy n vaccine profilaktiki
sangylar prophylactic/preventive
vaccines {medical}
validate resmiledirmek
[resmi:ledirmek] v to validate, register

officially dokumentleri resmiledirmek to

validate the documents [by having them
stamped, perhaps.]
validity g 3 n validity, valid 2004-nji
yla enli gji bar valid until 2004
valley dere n valley, canyon, wadi
[Perhaps without water flowing at the
bottom, except during sudden rainfall.];
dz1 n valley; dzlk1 cf: dzmek. n
valley, lowland
value gymmat 2 adj cost, price, value,
worth gomaa gymmat surplus value
harydy gymmaty value of the article

329

aklama
vanish garasy itmek (say. of gara,
itmek) to vanish, disappear; perverse,
evil-intentioned
variegated ala 1 [a:la] adj variegated ala
gjk puppy of more than one colour,
usually black and white ala knek a
multi-coloured dress comp. ala tutmak
various ary-ary adj various, different
ol habara her kim ary-ary baha berdi.
Everyone thought different thoughts
about this news.; drli adj various,
different, various sorts drli rekli
matalar different colours of materials
To saagyna her drli naharlar we
salatlar gouldy. There were different
kinds of dishes and salads at the
wedding feast. Zhmet sapagynda agalar
rekli kagyzdan drli zatlar asapdyrlar.
In the craft lesson children made
different things from coloured paper.
lemgoar drli rekler bilen wsr. A
rainbow shines with different colors. Ol
drli hnrleri wrendi. He learned
various professions. drli garay
various opinions ygnakda drli
meseleler we drli pikirler ze ykdy.
There were different problems and
various ideas. Drli dilleri wrenmek
pedaly hem gerekli. To learn different
languages is both useful and necessary.
drli-drli various kinds (of) drli-hili
various kinds (of) Dnde drli hili
adamlar bar, agy bar hem aman bar.
There are different kinds of people in
the world, both good and bad.
vase gldan [glda:n] n vase
vegetation ot-p cf: myhmanhana. n
vegetation, verdure Medanda ot-p
ok. There is no vegetation on the field,
the field is bare.
vehicles awtoulag cf: awtomayn. n
vehicles
veil perde 4 n veil ze perde rtmek to
cover one's face with a veil, veil one's
face
veil onself aynmak 1 v to veil oneself,
put on a veil, cover oneself up, be veiled
Gelinler aynmaly. Brides have to be
veiled.
vein damar n vein, nerve, tendon, sinew
gan damary blood vessel, vein nerw
damarlary nerves ayl aprakdaky

damarlar veins in a plant id. ese

damary gatamak
velvet mahmal 1 n velvet, plush Ba
adamlar mahmaldan dek tikrler. Rich
people make blanket from velvet.
venom zher 2 n venom ylany zheri
snake's venom {animate} comp. zher
aly
veranda ewan [ewa:n] n veranda,
porch
verge ugur 5 cf: ugruna. n side, verge
olu ugry the roadside, verge olu
ugrunda on the verge of the road Ol size
hasy ugurdan garynda? From which
side is he related to you? Ol bizi day
ugrumyzdan bolmaly. He must be from
our uncle's side. ugruna bolmak comp.
ugruna ykmak comp. ugur almak
comp. ugur hayr bola! comp. ugur
tapmak
verse aat [a:at] n verse; a passage of
scripture Gurhany aatlary verses from
the Qur'an; bent2 n verse, stanza,
strophe Kabir ahyrlary gogularyny
bentleri kyn hem agyr okalar. Some
poet's verses are very hard to read. {lit}
version aklama 2 cf: wersia. n version;
wersia ['wersia] cf: aklama. n
version Bu kitaby birne wersiasy bar.
This book has several versions.
vertebra ourga n vertebra; backbone,
spine ourga ski vertebral/spinal
column ourgany azylmagy fracture of
the spinal column {anatomy}
very biak [bi:ak] very, too; bija2 1
[bi:ja:] adj extremely, very Haly
muzeinde bija owadan trkmen halylary
bar. There are some very beautiful
carpets in the carpet museum. Berekella
sen bija gowy yky etdi. Well done
you spoke very well. Men bu ouny bija
haladym. I liked this play very much. Ol
bija gaty gitdi. He got angry and said
too much.; dise 1 adv very, very
much Dise jadylajy, gz gamadyryjy
gzellik. It is a very fair and dazzling
beauty.; dym adv very, quite (precedes
adjectives beginning with d or g) dym
gyzyl very red dym garaky very dark Ir
sher bilen twerk daymyz dym-dyrslyk.
In the morning there was absolute
silence around us. Otagy ii dym-

gaty gitmek
dyrslykdy,adam bara meznokdy. The
empty room was absolutely silent.
Baym alanyp gozlerimi i dymgaraky boldy. I was dizzy and all I saw
was darkness.; gap1 [gap] adv very gapgara the blackest gap-garaky too dark ;
gaty adv very gaty gowy very good gaty
sz a harsh word gaty oat very good
gaty gyzgyn very hot birini gwnne gaty
degmek to offend someone rudely gaty
uklamak to sleep well comp. gaty gitmek
comp. gaty grmek1 ; gm-gk [gmg:k] (comp. of gk) adj very green,
blue, fresh etc.; has 1 [ha:s] adv too,
over-much, very, quite, extremely has
bien gawun over-ripe melon has gowy
best has owadan very beautiful; juda
[juda:] adv very, highly, too, very much,
extremely juda kp okamak to read too
much Onu juda owadan gzleri bar. He
has very beautiful eyes. comp. juda
bolmasa ; onakly adv very + (neg.)
onakly kp dl not very much Onu
haly bu gn onakly gowy dl. He is no
better today.; rn 1 adv very rn
gyzykly kitap very interesting book rn
sowuk very cold; ymgyr 2 adj very
ymgyr gowy adam very good man ymgyr
sji very sweet Meni ymgyr gowy
dostum bar. I have got very good friend.
very long uzyn-uzyn 2 (comp. of uzyn)
adv very long Uzyn-uzyn dimlp, biz top
onajak erimizi lp, onymyza
baladyk. With long steps we measured
the place where we would play the ball,
and started our game. Tagtabazary
daglarynda baga oba eltn uzyn-uzyn
dagy iinden gen odalary bar. In
Tagtabazar mountains there are longlong roads that take to another villages
through the mountain. Begen uzyn-uzyn
geplp, berlen iini etmegi unutdy.
Begench was talking so much he forgot
to do his homework. Hawanat
bagyndaky olbars uzyn-uzyn gygyryp,
agalary gorkuzdy. The lion in the zoo
roared so long it scared the children.
very much endenaa [endena:a] cf:
akdanaa. *** very much Ol endenaa
owadandy. She was stunningly beautiful.
endenaa kp okamak to read too much
very tall uzyn-uzyn 1 (comp. of uzyn)
adj very tall Kt depdi tansyny uzyn-

330
uzyn boly oglan-gyzlar edrdiler. The
dance of Kushtdepdi was performed by
tall boys and girls.
very white ap-ak (comp. of ak) whiter
than white
veteran weteran [weter'ran] n veteran
zhmet weterany veteran of labour uru
weterany veteran of war
via st 3 post via, across, through stnden
across, through, via Biz heri stnden
geris. We are going via the city. To
sewpkrleri stnden zer sepildi. Tekj
stnden kitap gady. Uar haly stne
mnp Alladin dagy stnden uardy.
*stnde comp. aak stnde comp.
aak stne galmak comp. ba stne
comp. sti aylmak1 comp. sti aylmak2
comp. sti bilen comp. stnden arz
etmek comp. stnden dmek1 comp.
stnden dmek2 comp. stnden
sowuk suw gulan aly bolmak1 comp.
stnden sowuk suw gulan aly
bolmak2 comp. stne comp. stne
almak comp. stne imek comp.
stni amak comp. stni basyrmak
comp. stni apmak comp. stni
etirmek
vicinity da-twerek n round, around,
about, environment, vicinity,
surrounding area sheri da-tweregi
around the city da-twereginden alanyp
durmak to encircle something; to beat
about the bush
victim gurban 2 [gurba:n] n victim
gurban bolmak to fall victim, die; pida 2
[pida:] n victim pida bolmak to fall prey
(to), fall victim (to)
victor eiji n conqueror, victor, winner,
champion eijilere medallar gowuryldy.
Winners/champions were given medals.
victorious stn adj victorious,
triumphant stn ykmak to win a
victory (over) keselden stn ykmak to
come over a disease Sen bsdeiden
stn ykdy. you won your conqueror
stn ykan (eiji) winner stn
ykanlar barak aldylar. winners get
prizes
victory ei 1 n victory Dbe wrlen
ei. A victory became a tradition.

331

gwrmi gi
video wideo n video wideo kasseta video
cassette
view peza n view, scenery, landscape
owadan peza beautiful landscape
viewer tomaay n viewer, spectator
vigilance hgrlik [h:grlik] n
vigilance, watchfulness, caution
vile gahat 2 adj foul, infamous, vile gahat
i infamous/vile action, act of infamy;
haram 3 [hara:m] cf: halal-haram. adj
mean, base, ignoble, vile comp. haramhalal
vile act gahatlyk 2 n a vile act, mean
thing Bu gahatlykdyr. That is a mean
thing to do.; pyssy-pyjurlyk n vile act
vile person it 2 n vile person, villain
comp. gnne it aglamak comp. Iimi it
yrtar. comp. it alan sanaja dndermek
comp. it durmuy comp. it masgarasy
etmek comp. it aly adamak comp. ite
it lmi
village oba 1 [o:ba] n village obada a) in
the country, b) in the village oba
durmuy village life
vine-dresser zmi n vine-dresser Meni
daym kde zmi. My uncle is
professional vine-dresser.
vinegar sirke 2 n vinegar
vine-growing zmilik 1 n vinegrowing zmilik hojalygy vine-growing
farm
vineyard zmilik 2 n vineyard bu
medan giden zmilik This whole field
is a vineyard.
violence zorluk 1 [zo:rluk] n violence,
force zorluk etmek to force, violate,
make, compel; zulum 2 n violence,
brutality, torture zulum edip ldrmek to
torture someone to death comp. z
janya zulum etmek
violin gyjak n three-stringed Turkmen
violin (sem. domains: 4.2.3 - Music.)
violinist gyjaky n a musician who plays
gyjak, a violinist
viper alahwren [a:lahwren] n viper,
adder
virgin ground tarp n virgin (territory);
fallow (ground)
virginity gyzlyk 2 [gy:zlyk] n virginity

visa wiza ['wiza] cf: ejaza. n visa wiza

uzaltmak to extend a visa Balyk arzany
zne wiza gody. Boss gave a visa to
his require. Balyk dokumente wiza
gody. Boss gave a visa to his document.
daary urda girmge wiza almak to
receive a visa for entering another
country
visible grnkli 1 cf: grmege. adj
visible, conspicuous grnkli erde
gomak to put someone in a conspicuous
place
vision ahwalat 2 [ahwa:lat] n vision
ahwalat grmek to have a vision
visit grme-gr n visit, call (U.S.)
grme-gre barmak to pay someone a
visit/call grme-gre gelmek to come to
see someone; myhman bolmak (comp.
of myhman) to visit, be a guest (at, of)
Men olarda myhman boldum. I was a
guest at their house. gurultay hormatly
myhmany bolmak to be honorable guest
of conference ; myhmanylyk 1
[my:hma:nylyk] n visit myhmanylyga
gitmek to (pay a) visit (to); sapar1 n
visit, travel sapar etmek to visit, travel
comp. i sapary
vital derways [derwa:ys] adj vital,
essential, key, important, necessary
derways mesele key issue, question of
vital importance; durmuy adj vital
durmuy mesele vital question
vizier wezir [wezi:r] n vizier, high official
patyany weziri king's vizier [high
official in some muslim countries]
comp. wezir-wekil
vocabulary zapas 3 [za'pas] cf: rezerw,
tialyk, ykalga, haryt, predmet,
sapak, dersi, alar, zat. n vocabulary
sz zapas vocabulary Meni sz zapasym
juda az. My vocabulary is so poor.
voice dereje 4 cf: kategoria. n voice
ilik derejeleri a verb's voice sypatlary
deedirme derejesi the voice of
adjectives of comparison {grammar};
owaz 1 [owa:z] n voice akymly owaz
pleasant voice; ses 2 n voice
volume gwrm n volume, capacity, size
comp. gwrmi gi ; tom n volume
Eseri drt tomy bar. There are four
volumes in his work.

durmua putowka

332

voluminous mberli 1 adj voluminous,

bulky uly mberli in a large volume
voluntarily pewagtyna adj voluntarily,
of one's own accord, of one's own free
will pewagtyna gelmek to come of one's
own accord
voluntary meletin 1 [meleti:n] n
volunteer; voluntary meletin goun
volunteer army meletin sport jemgyeti
volunteer sport society
volunteer meletini [meleti:ni] n
volunteer meletiniler topary the group
of volunteers
vomit gatarmak 4 v to vomit, be sick
ienii gatarmak to vomit

voter salawy n voter

voucher putowka n voucher, pass,
authorization sanatori in putowka
voucher used to gain entrance to a
sanatorium 24 gnlk putowka a 24-day
pass srjiler in ol putowkasy
schedule of duties [to travel, for
travelling] comp. durmua putowka
vow kasam n oath, vow, promise, pledge
kasam etmek to swear an oath, vow
kasam kabul etmek to swear allegiance
(to accept the oath) olar ilkinji gezek
kasam kabul etdiler they swore
allegiance for the first time [often
during a bayram]

Ww

wadding pamyk [pa:myk] n cotton wool,

wadding comp. pamyk aly
wag wi n wag, joker, jester; joker wi
adam joker person
wagon furgon [fur'gon] cf: araba. n
wagon, van
Waharman waharman [waharma:n] n
waharman melon ysly waharman the
sweet waharman [a type of melon
similar to a honey-dew melon, only
large, green, with faint yellow stripes]
wail naly 2 [na:ly] v to wail, to lament
Hudadan perzent dilp naly ekdiler.
They prayed and asked God for a child
and lamented.; perat 1 [pera:t] n
(loud) cry, wail perat etmek to cry out,
cry from the heart
wailing dady-perat [da:dy-pera:t] cf:
dat; perat. n tears of grief, loud and
bitter cries
waist bil 1 [bi:l] n waist ine billi gyz
narrow-waisted girl comp. bil baglamak
comp. bil bkmek comp. bil azmak
comp. bili gelmek/aylmak say. Dil
bilen orak orsa, bil agyrmaz

waistcoat esiz n waistcoat, tunic; bodywarmer Ol esiz knek geipdir. She

has worn tunic dress.
wait beklemek 1 v to wait Men sn
gyzymy kp bekledim. I waited ages for
my girlfriend comp. agyz beklemek ;
garamak 1 v to wait for, hope for, look
forward to, expect garamak zal waiting
room Ondan rehimdarlyga garama. Don't
expect him to be kind. oldaya
garamak to wait to your friend. Saa
kp garadym. I waited you for a long
time.
waiver ikirjilenmek cf: ikirjilemek. v
to waiver; to be in two minds Ol
ikirjilenr. He's in two minds.
wake oarmak 1 v to wake someone up
Men ony irden oardym. I woke him up
in the morning.; pata 2 [pa:ta:] n wake,
funeral banquet pata gitmek to go to a
wake [respect paid on the 3rd, 7th, 40th
day after the death and after a year]
{religious}
wake up oandyrmak cf: oanmak. v to
wake someone up, awaken agany gaty
aglaan sesi meni arygije oandyrdy. The
high voice of crying child made me
wake up in the middle night.; oanmak

333

konwert
1 cf: oandyrmak. v to wake up, awake
da atanda oanmak to wake up at
dawn; ukudan oanmak (comp. of
uky) v to wake up Meni kii ogluma her
gn irden ukudan oanmak kyn dr. It
is difficult for my little son to wake up
early morninig every day.
waken turuzmak 1 v to wake someone
(up), waken
walk gezmek 1 v to walk gezip barmak to
walk (somewhere), go on foot gezip
rmek a) to go for a walk b) be well
comp. bo gezmek comp. Dek gezen,
dok gezer ; selelemek 1 v to go out
into the fresh air; to walk in the fresh
air ayk howada selelemek to walk in
the fresh air; seil n walk, walking seil
etmek to walk, take a walk seil bag
park; remek 1 cf: retmek. v to
walk, go, move rp barmak to be
walking along Nahardan so remek
pedaly. It is useful to walk after the
meal. Otly rp balady. The train has
started to move. comp. Assa rn
uzaga gider. ; rei n gait, walk, step
gaz rei goose step
walk round alanmak 5 v to walk about,
wander round, go round Adamlar uwauwadan parkda alanarlar. People
wandered round the park.
walking stick taak 2 n walking stick
wall diwar [di:wa:r] n wall Howlyny da
tweregine diwar galdyrdyk. We built a
wall around the yard. diwara atmak
talk to the wall. Saa bir zat adany
diwara adany aly,dienimi edeok.
You don't listen to me, it's like talking to
a brick wall.
wallet gapjyk n wallet, purse gay gapjyk
leather purse; horjun 2 n wallet, purse
walnut hoz [ho:z] n nut, walnut (tree and
fruit) hoz agajy walnut tree hozu gabygy
walnut shell
wander entemek v to wander, ramble,
roam, stroll kelerde entp rmek to
stroll about the streets isiz entemek to
idle about Sen sowukda entp rme. Do
not walk in the cold. Ol eil eklenji
yzynda kn entedi. He ran so much after
easy income.
wanted idegli 2 [i:degli] adj wanted,
sought by someone

war harasat 2 [harasa:t] n war, troubles,

chaos; uru 1 n war, battle, fight ikinji
jahan uruy World War II uru uru
yllary the grim years of war Ikinji jahan
ury mlere adamlary betbagt etdi.
World War II brought unhappiness to
many people. Il iinde r-aal arasynda
uru bolsa hasa guraana arasa sogap
diilr. In this country it is considered
to be a good thing for a husband and
wife to make peace after a quarrel
before a piece of gauze dries. Uru
medanynda jesetlerden aa aak basara
er okdy. On the battlefield there was
no place to put your feet because of the
dead bodies. adro uryny howpuny biz
Hirosima we Nagasakiden onu nhili
betbagtylykdygyny bilmeli we unutmaly
dl. From the Nagasaki and Hiroshima
nuclear warfare we have to learn how
devastating it is and we must never
forget it. Owganystan urdunda eneme
yllap raatlyk ury gidip dur. In
Afghanistan civil war has continued for
years.
ward palata 2 n ward keselhana palatasy
ward, hospital ward {hospital}
wardrobe bukja 3 cf: konwert. n
wardrobe of clothes Tze gelini getiren
bukjasyny, hemmeler grp haran
galdylar. When everyone saw the
wardrobe of the new bride, everyone
was surprised. Gyzlar durmua ykmaka
dokalan joraplar, okalar, bejerlen
geimlerden bukjalaruna goarlar.
Bazarda her-hili de nden dokalan
bukjalar satylar. zme aarlary salyp
gterer aly bukja tikdim. Bir hepde bri
zerur kagyzly bukja garaan. Potalon
adyan habarly bukja getirdi.
warily gorka adv warily, gingerly; with
caution, cautiously, gorka girmek to
enter warily
warlike sweje adj warlike, fighting,
battle
warm omak v to warm; dogay warm
dogay salam warm greetings; gyzmak 1
v to warm up er gyzypdyr. The soil
warmed up. Tamdyra gyzanda ap.
Strike while the iron is hot. (sem.
domains: 3.5.4.2 - Saying, proverb.);
gyzymak 1 v to get warm (gradually),

uwunmak
warm oneself Ellerim birneme gyzydy.
My hands got a bit warmer. gyzymak
in ilemek to work to warm o.s. up;
mayl2 1 adj warm, mild mayl howa
warm weather bu gn howa mayl It is
warm today; ylatmak v to warm, heat
suwy ylatmak to heat the water; yly 1
adj warm yly eikler warm clothes Bu
er yly. It is warm here. {inanimate}
warmly hezzet-hormat adv warmly, with
warmth hezzet-hormat bilen garylamak
to welcome someone warmly and serve
them well
warmth ylylyk 1 n warmth howany
ylylygy warmth of the air; ylylyk 2 n
warmth, cordiality Ol bizi ikimizem yly
gary aldy. He greeted us both warmly.
warn dudurmak 2 v to warn Nme
boljagyny oa dudurdylar. They warned
him what would happen. arawsyzlygym
sebpli barmajagymy ja edip dudurdum.
I phoned warning that I would be
absent because of illness. Bu ii gowulyk
bilen gutarmajakdygyny saa
duduraryn. I warn you that this work
will not finish well. Maa bu habary
wagtynda dudurupsy. Your warning
arrived in time.
warner twella 2 n one who warns, one
who advises twella etmek to warn;
advise
warning dudury n warning dudury
signaly warning signal dudury yralary
warning lights kin we dudury
severe reprimand and warning azuw
sti bilen dudury bermek to give a
written warning Bir gezeklike saa die
dudury berrin. I warn you for the
first and last time. Kanuny bozanlara
dudury haty berildi. A warning letter
was given to people who broke the law.
Dudury berlenden so gatalanlara
jerime salynar. Those who receive a
second reminder after being warned
will be penalised.
warrant haklamak 1 v to justify, warrant,
deserve, vindicate ene sdni haklamak
to deserve your mother's confidence
wash uwmak 1 cf: uwunmak. v to
wash elii uwmak to wash hands gap
uwmak to wash dishes geim uwmak to
wash clothes kir uwan mayn washing

334
machine; uwunmak cf: uwmak. v to
wash (oneself) irden uwunmak to wash
(oneself) in the morning
wasp ary 2 n wasp
waste kdrmek 2 cf: kmek. v to
waste, not to use; itirmek 2 v to waste,
spend wagtyy itirmek to waste time on
comp. abrayy itirmek comp.
gzden itirmek comp. gjni
itirmek comp. huuy itirmek comp.
zi itirmek comp. itir, ok et!
comp. itirip tapan aly
watch bakmak 1 v to watch, look (at),
stare (at), gaze (at) Mayny iinde we
gapdalynda yzya bakmak in rite
ana goylupdyr. A special mirror is put
inside and on the sides of a car in order
to look behind. a-juwanlar biri-birine
mhirli bakyp otyrdylar. The young
people sat looking at each other
lovingly. agalary kn wagty ere
bakyp durlar. When you tell children off
they look at the floor.; garamak2 4 v to
depend on, be dependent on Ol die
balygy agzyna garaar. he lookes only
boss's mouth comp. bir ele garamak ;
grmek 2 v to watch, look comp. oa
gr ; seretmek 1 v to watch, look
watchful hgr 1 [h:gr] adj watchful,
vigilant, alert, cautious hgr bolmak to
be vigilant hgr bolmak to be careful
watchmaker sagaty [sa:gaty] n
watchmaker sagaty bolup ilemek to
work as a watchmaker
watchman garawul 1 n night watchman,
guard, look-out ekinleri garawuly guard
of plants toka garawuly guard of forest
comp. hormat garawuly ; gzegi n
watchman; saky 2 n farmer who
watches the field toka sakysy forest
warden
water sepelemek 1 v to water; suw 1 n
water suw aky sistemasy running water
on tap comp. suw wdrmy comp.
suw aly geplemek ; suwarmak v to
water; akmak3 v to water, to give to
drink mallary suwa akmak to water the
animals Suw bol bolanso, men ekinleri
gezek suwa akdym. Because of water is
abundant I watered wheat for 3 times.

335

ktek bur
water heater kolonka 4 [ka'lonka] cf:
stn. n water heater gaz kolonkasy
instantaneous gas water heater
water melon garpyz n water-melon ala
garpyz a skewbald water-melon ak
garpyz white water-melon da garpyz
stone water-melon comp. aakly garpyz
waterfall arlawuk n waterfall; rush,
babble (e.g. of a stream)
watershed saka n watershed
wave bulalamak v to wave, whisk,
swing, wag Dadan gren jorama elimi
bulaladym. I waved at my female friend
who I saw in the distance. Bizi itimiz
nahar beren wagtymyz imizde
gurugyny bulalaar. Demir olda
nsazlyk grse, gelan otla elie gyzyl
mata alyp bulalamaly.; galgatmak 2
[ga:lgatmak] v to wave elii galgatmak
to wave one's hand; salgamak
[sa:lgamak] v to wave, wag elii
salgamak to wave one's hand (to);
tolkun n wave comp. tolkun atmak
wax
way relge 2 n way, direction
adalatlylyk relgeleri just directions oba
hojalygy barada tze relgeler bellemek
to set up new ways on agriculture
Magtymgulyny e sren ruhy relgesi
trkmen halky in u gnem juda
gymmatly bolmagynda galar.
Magtmguly's spiritual ideas is very
valuable in these days for turkmen
people. {fig}
way out ala [ala:] n way out, solution;
re 2 n way out re agtarmak to look
for the way out re tapmak to find the
way out re grmek to see a way out;
ykalga 2 cf: rezerw, tialyk, haryt,
predmet, sapak, dersi, alar, zapas,
zat. n way out kyn agdadan ykalga
tapmak to find a way out in difficult
circumstances
waylay garawullamak 2 v to waylay
kimdir birini garawullamak to guard
somebody
we biz [biz] Pronoun we biziki ours bizi
our, of us
weak asgyn adj weak; ejiz [eji:z] adj
weak, sick, feeble, powerless, helpless
ejiz adam weak person ejiz bolmak to be

weak Bu topar belekiden ejiz. This group

is weaker than other group. Men
matematikadan ejiz. I am weak at
maths.; gowak 1 adj weak, feeble,
loose, slack Ol matematikadan gowak He
is weak in mathematics. Bu mugallym
okuwyny gowak tutar. That teacher is
easy going with the pupils.; kuwwatsyz
1 [kuwwa:tsyz] adj weak, powerless ol
heniz kuwwatsyz he is still weak;
kuwwatsyz 3 [kuwwa:tsyz] adj lacking
power, of low capacity {physics};
mejalsyz [meja:lsyz] adj lacking
strength, weak, feeble mejalsyz adam
feeble person; li 3 adj irresolute, weak
character comp. li soragyny soramak
; sansyz 2 [sa:nsyz] adj weak,
powerless, having no authority sansyz
adam weak person {fig}; ysgynsyz adj
weak, strengthless, feeble Hassa
ysgynsyz halda yyllap atyrdy. The
patient was moaning strengthless.
weaken asgynlamak v to grow weak,
weaken; ejizlemek [eji:zlemek] v to
lose one's strength, grow weak, weaken
Ol ejizledi. He grew weak.; gowamak v
to weaken, grow weak, to slacken el
kem-kemden gowaar. The wind is
gradually slackening.
weakness gowaklyk n weakness,
feebleness, debility gowaklyk dmak to
have a weakness (for) gowaklyk etmek
to display one's weakness
weak-sighted ktek 3 adj weak-sighted,
having weak sight ktek gzli adam a
weak-sighted person {mathematics}
comp. ktek bur
wealth dwlet1 1 n wealth, property,
assets Ol size dwlet arzuw edr. He
wishes you well. agy niet, arym
dwlet./nakyl/ The good intention
makes half of the wealth. (Proverb);
gurp 2 n wealth gurpdan dmek to lose
one's wealth; mal-mlk [ma:l-mlk] n
(material) wealth, riches, capital,
animals and property Kbir adamlar
mal-mlk ygnajak bolup, nee swdasyny
etdiler. Some people sold opium in order
to gather wealth.
wealthy eli uzyn (comp. of uzyn)
wealthy Wepa indi nebit we gaz
miligi balygy bolup kisinden eli

adamak
uzyn bolup isln zadyny alyp bilr. Now
Wepa is the head of oil and gas
manufacture and he became wealthy,
buying all what he wanted.
weapon arag 1 n weapon, arms sowuk
arag cold steel arag ussasy gunsmith,
armourer adro aragy nuclear weapons
araga apymak to take up arms aragy
talamak to lay down arms
wear dakynmak v to wear, to have on; to
put on nek dakynmak to put on one's
glasses sagat dakynmak to wear a wristwatch; gemek v to wear, put on, dress
wear out bizar-pete etmek (comp. of
bizar-pete) to wear (someone,
something) out, get fed up with
Goymy gaty dilean rok adymyny
sesinden bizar-pete boldym. I'm fed up
with my neighbour listening to rock
music at loud volumes. Gijelerine itimiz
rip bizar-pete edar.; dtmek v to
wear out, wear a long time; adatmak
[a:datmak] cf: adamak. v to wear out
gzlerii adatmak to wear out one's
eyes Ol meni z soraglary bilen adatdy.
He wore me out with his questions.
{person or object}
weariness adawlyk [a:dawlyk] n
weariness, tiredness adawlyk dumak to
feel tiredness (coming on) Onu znde
adawlyk duulardy. Weariness was felt
in his face.
weather howa 2 [howa:] n weather ayk
howa fine weather howa maglumaty
weather forecast Bu gun howa gowy. It is
fine today. comp. howa oly
weave dokamak v to weave, knit haly
dokamak to weave a carpet Halyy
gyzlar haly dokaarlar. The weaving girls
weave a carpet. Eken orar, dokan geer.
He who who sows will reap, he who
knits will wear [clothing].
weaver dokmay n weaver, textile
worker Bizi fabrigimizde hem dokmay,
hem tikini gyzlar bar. There are weavers
and sewers in our factory. dokmay
zenan weaver woman, female textile
worker Dokmay gelin-gyzlar halylaryny
snnlp dokaarlar. Weaver women
make beautiful carpets.
wedding feast to n wedding-feast,
wedding (banquet), wedding

336
(reception), celebration durmu to
wedding reception, wedding banquet
Wednesday arenbe [a:renbe] n
Wednesday {literary}
weed haal n weed haal ot weed, weeds
haalotlary otamak to weed
weeding otag2 n weeding gowaa otagy
cotton weeding otag ileri pulling weeds
otag otamak to weed
week hepde n week bir hepde mundan a
week ago
weekly hepdelik adj weekly, week, a
week's duration hepdelik gazet weekly
newspaper
weep eremek v to weep, sob, cry leri
umrulanlar ererdiler. They weep
whose houses were destroyed.
weeping agy 1 [a:gy] n weeping agany
agy sesi eidilr. The child's weeping
can be heard. comp. rek agysy
weigh ekiji etmek v to weigh; ekmek2
[ekmek] v to weigh 100 gram kem
ekmek to under weigh by 100 grams
artyk ekmek; gelmek 2 cf: gelimek2. v
to weigh in at, come to u gawun edi
kilo geldi. This melon came to 7 kilos
comp. aglasy gelmek comp. alyp
gelmek1 comp. du gelmek comp. emele
gelmek2 comp. gayp gelmek comp.
gahary gelmek comp. geljege umyt
comp. gwne gelmek comp. gz ne
gelmek comp. glesi gelmek comp.
layk gelmek comp. ze gelmek
comp. ylgap gelmek comp. atasy
gelmek
weigher gapany n someone who weighs
things
weighing-machine gapan2 n weighingmachine gapanda ekmek to weigh on a
weighing machine {large (for weighing
cars, etc.)}
weight agram 1 n weight Pili agramy
tonnadan kp. An elephant's weight is
more than three tonnes. Bu ounda bar
agram derweze ddi. The burden of
this game falls on the goalie.; ekmek1
3 [ekmek] v to weigh gapanda ekmek
to weigh on (the) scales Oduny ieri
ekmeli. comp. ah ekmek comp. ahmyr
ekmek comp. aak ekmek comp. ejir

337

Nme-de bolsa
ekmek comp. el ekmek comp. gam
ekmek comp. hasrat ekmek comp. hor
ekmek comp. jeza ekmek comp. kep
ekmek comp. kynylyk ekmek comp.
nala ekmek comp. zhmet ekmek
well edepli adj well-bred, "cultured",
ethical; guy n well {water source};
hany2 interj now, now then, come, well
then, so, well hany, eriden tur! Come
on now, stand up!; jhennem 2 - who
cares, well (word expressing
indifference) jhennem, nme bolsa
bolsun! Well, so be it! comp. janyny
jhenneme ibermek ; lepbe adj Yes sir!
At your command, sir! Igrler: "lepbe"
diip durdular. The workers stood
waiting a command; li-soly adv
well, properly bir ii li-soly etmek to
do a job properly; to do something
properly; saz1 1 [sa:z] adv well, in good
repair, in good working order motor saz
iler the engine works well
well bred terbieli adj well-bred
well done berekella [berekella:] n Well
done! Berekella, biiren tamdyr regi
tagamy bal aly bolupdyr. Well done, the
tandoori bread's flavour was as honey.;
tweleme n well done [Connected with
belief in the evil eye.]; aa! (comp. of
aamak) Well done! aa! Biz tze
jaa gris! Well done! We are moving
to a new house!
well founded esasly [esa:sly] adj wellfounded, valid, substantiated esasly
netije well-founded conclusion
well proportioned gelikli 3 adj wellproportioned gelikli bir tam otyrdy a
well-proportioned house
well provided for pjn adj well
provided for, well-supplied, well-to-do
pjn aaan adam well-supplied
person comp. pjn etmek
west gnbatar n west
West aak 5 [aa:k] post West comp.
aakky (aakdaky) comp. aak aagynda
wet akytmak v to wet, make wet, pour
water onto something; l 1 [:l] adj wet
l bolmak to become wet l etmek to
wet; suwly adj wet

what ne 2 *** what, such Ne gzel howa!

What fine weather! Ne gzel igitler al
ganyny bu topraga akdyrdylar. What
handsome young men shed their blood
on this land? Ba-ba u tozany ne bela.
Oh, the house is dusty - what a
disaster!; n Pronoun what Bu n
agda? What kind of a situation is
that?; nme 1 Pronoun what nme
boldy? What's happened? nme gulluk?
What can I do for you? nme etmeli?
what to do? Maa baga nme gerek?
What else do I need? comp. nme in
comp. Nme-de bolsa
what is what agy-aman n what is
what, good and bad agyny-amany
grmek to see what is what
what kind of nhili 2 Pronoun what kind
of?; what kind, how Ol nhili kitap?
What kind of book is it? Gr, dnde
nhili gowy mugallymlar bar. See what
wonderful teachers there are in the
world. Inim, agday nhili? Young
brother, how are you? Sen nhili adam?!
What kind of person are you?! Gr,
dnde nhili gowy mugallymlar bar.
Look what great teachers are there in
the world.
whatever nme 2 Pronoun whatever
Nme bolsa, ol bolsun! Whatever will be
will be. comp. nme in comp. Nmede bolsa
wheat bugda n wheat Ak bugdadan
biirilen tamdyr nana geljek zat ok. You
won't get anything if you bake white
wheat. Bugda biende hemmeleri oruma
iberrler. When the wheat is ripe they
sent everyone out to harvest it.
wheel rul 1 n (steering) wheel; wheel,
helm welosipedi ruly handlebars of a
bicycle gmini ruly rudder/helm of a
ship mayny ruly steering wheel
gmini ruly ship's helm; tigir 1 n wheel;
tigr2 wheel
when haan adv when, whenever Sen
haan geljek? When will you come? hi
haan never
where hany1 adv where; nire [ni:re]
Pronoun where Sen nir gitjek? Where
are you going? Sen nireden geldi?
Where have you come from? Bu er

murty syh-syh bolmak

nire? What place is it? nirede where
(locative) Sen nirede? Where are you?
whereas bolsa conjunction whereas; if;
conditional present tense of 'to be'
which hasy Pronoun which, what,
whatever hasy erden? Where from?
whimper ysamak v to whimper, whine,
squeal, screech It ysaar. The dog is
whimpering.
whip drre n whip, stick, something used
to whip someone; gamy n whip
gamyny sapy whip-handle gamy
astyna almak lash, whip, knot gamy
imek to be beaten with whip gamy
bilen urmak to whip, knot gamysyndan
gan damar blood is dripping from his
whip (Proverb) agy ata bir gamy,
aman ata m gamy. To a good horse,
one whip, to a bad horse, a thousand
whips. ; gamylamak v to whip, lash
aty gamylamak to whip a horse
whirlpool girdap 1 [girda:p] n whirlpool
derany girdaby whirlpool of river
whirlwind twele 1 n whirlwind,
tornado
whisker murt 2 n whisker {animals}
comp. murty syh-syh bolmak
whisper akmak1 3 v whisper, rumour
awu akmak to quietly spread a
rumour; pyyrdamak v to whisper
pyyrdap geplemek tp speak in whispers;
pyyrdy n whisper, whispering
whistle sykylyk 1 [sy:kylyk] n whistle
sykylyk atmak to whistle
white ak 1 [a:k] adj white Men ak idim. I
drank something white (milk, vodka...)
ak goun pork ak ekin cotton comp. ak
altyn comp. ak demir comp. ak gogy
comp. ak gwnli comp. ak pata comp.
ap-ak
white embroidery akgama [a:kgama]
n white embroidery
White Huns ak gunlar White Huns
white spot sakar adj with a white spot/
patch on the forehead malay sakar at
a horse with a white spot on the
forehead
whiten agarmak 1 [a:garmak] v to turn
white, to lighten Gzde gowaalar
agarar. In the autumn cotton is white

338
(for harvest). Onu gorkudan zi
agardy. He is white with fear. Nsagy
reki agardy. An ill person is pale. Men
elli aanymda, saym agardy. When I
was fifty, my hair turned grey. Iglis
dilini gowy wrenmek in saym agardy.
Learning English well turned my hair
grey.; agartmak 1 [a:gartmak] cf:
aklamak. v whiten; to_bleach Aal
adamsyny knegini hlor bilen agartdy.
The woman bleached her husband's
shirt.; aklamak 1 [a:klamak] cf:
agartmak. v to whiten, paint white,
bleach Biz hek bilen haaty akladyk. We
white-washed the wall.
who kim 1 Pronoun Who? Whom?
Kimiki? Whose? kimler who (pl.) Bu
kim? Who is it? comp. kimdir biri
whole abat 1 [a:ba:t] adj in good
condition, in good working order Sen
dwk mayny abat etmeli. You need to
repair the broken-down car. Kne, ne
abat aakgap. Old, but in working
condition shoes.; abat 2 [a:ba:t] adj
whole, in one piece abat magala
healthy, whole family (with kids, not
divorced); bary [ba:ry] adj the whole,
all of Balykyny tutan balygyny bary
sany. The bird-catcher caught three
birds in all. comp. bary bilen bazar
elemek ; bitin [biti:n] cf: bitewi. adj
whole, entire Baydan sadaka adylan
regi bitinligine bermeli. The entire
bread you have promised as a gift needs
to be given. Tolarda saagy stne
bitin apady bilen pime goular. Elimden
gaan kse bitin galdy.; btin [bti:n]
adj all of, whole Tikip oturan knegimi
etidirjek bolup btin gnimi sarp etdim. I
spent the whole day trying to get my
dress sewn in time. Gerek bolan
kasetamy btin bazara alanyp
yksamam, tapmadym.; duruna adj
whole, as a whole, entirely, completely,
totally duruna uwutmak to swallow
something whole duruna altyn the
whole gold duruna satyn almak to buy
outright duruna uwutmak to swallow
whole Bu kitaby duruna okap ykdym. I
have read this book completely. Ol
duruna l bolupdyr. He was completely
soaked.; tutu n whole, all of; uzyn 3
[uzy:n] adj whole Gadyr gijesinde uzyn

339

pes gwnli
gije da atana, doga okap dileg etdik.
During the evening called 'Gadyr' we all
prayed the whole night until the sun
rose. {time} say. Boy uzyny akly kelte
comp. eli uzyn comp. uzyn-uzyn comp.
ay uzyn bolsun!
wholehearted yhlasly 1 [yhla:sly] adj
wholehearted, enthusiastic
wholeness abadanlyk [abada:nlyk] adv
prosperity, peace, wholeness Tze ylda
size magalayzda abadanlyk dileris.
We wish you peace in your family in the
New year.; abatlyk 2 [a:ba:tlyk] n
wholeness Abatlyk bolsa, rahatlyk bolar.
Where everything is in order, there is
peace.
wholesalers baza 2 [ba:za] n wholesalers
Swda bazasyndan dkanlara haryt
palanar. Shops buy their goods from
wholesalers.
whose side? kimlik whose side? Sen
kimlik? Whose side/part do you take?
Who do you side with?
why nme in (comp. of nme) a)
Why? b) What for? Ol nme in
gelmedi? Why didn't he come?
wick pelte n wick yra peltesi lamp's wick
wicked er n wicked, wickedness, evil
wickedness betpllik n wickedness, evil
Betpllik edn adamdan gowy zada
garama. Don't expect anything from a
wicked person.
wide gi 1 [gi:] adj broad, wide,
spacious, open gi er an open piece of
land comp. eri giinde
widen balamak [ba:lamak] v to
widen, increase, enrich Kitaphanada
okaan kitaplarym bilimimi
balamagyna kmek berr. In a library
the books I read help to enrich my
education.; gieltmek 1 [gi:eltmek] v
to widen kanaly gieltmek to widen a
canal
widower dul2 1 n widower dul aal
widow
wife aal 2 [aa:l] n wife hojalyky
aal housewife Adamy i akyn olday
-- aaly. A man's best friend is his wife.;
hatyn 2 [ha:ty:n] n wife; kewany
[kewa:ny] n wife Meni kewanym de

oturanok. My wife does not sit at home.

{colloq}
wife of son gelin 3 n son's wife, wife of
younger brother comp. gelin-gyz comp.
gelneje
wild tez n wild, savage; abany [a:bany]
adj wild abany hawanlar wild animals
abany piik wild cat abany smlik
wild plant abany kirpi gorananda,
tikenleri bilen atar. When wild
hedgehog defends himself, it attacks
with its thorns. abany olde rn
gorkuly, otada her hili zherli ylanlar
kn. Wild desert is very dangerous,
there are many different poison snakes.
{animate}
wildness
wilful zdienli [:zdienli] adj wilful
zdienli aga wilful child
will meil n will olary meline garaman
against their will Olary meli baga.
Their will is different. comp. z meli ;
ra2 2 [ra:] n will z rayna of one's
own free will, of one's own accord;
weset 1 n will, testament; legacy;
wesetnama [wesetna:ma] n will,
testament (in written form) Ol kiijik
wesetnama goup gidipdir. He left small
exhortion.
willing gwnli adv willing Gitmge kim
gwnli? Who wants to go? gwnli
bolmak to agree, want comp. ak gwnli
comp. pes gwnli ; hwesje 1 adj
willing, enthusiastic, passionate, keen Ol
bu ii hwesje eder. He will be keen to
do this work.
willingly gwnje adv willingly, with
desire
willy nilly biala [bi:ala:] adv willy-nilly
; like it or not, against one's will Ol
biala boun boldy. He submitted
whether he wanted to or not.
willy-nilly islemek 2 adv willy-nilly,
against one's will islemek etmek to do
something against one's will
win dw srmek (comp. of dw1) v to
do well, win Joram bilen bir el kt
onamda dwm srdi. I did well when I
played chess with my friend. Soky
dwrde Wepa dwi srr. In the last
days Wepa does well.; syndyrmak

*stnde
[sy:ndyrmak] v to win, have victory
over, destroy, break off, demolish;
utmak v to win Mekdebimiz sport
aryynda utanda uly baramylyk
geirdi. When our school won the
competition it held a big party.
Doganym bilen futbol empionaty hakynda
jedelleemde men utdym. When my
brother and I argued about football, I
won the argument.; st 4 post to win,
beat Men atjak bolup durdum welin, sen
stnden bardy. I was just going to talk
about it, but you beat me to it. *stnde
comp. aak stnde comp. aak stne
galmak comp. ba stne comp. sti
aylmak1 comp. sti aylmak2 comp. sti
bilen comp. stnden arz etmek comp.
stnden dmek1 comp. stnden
dmek2 comp. stnden sowuk suw
gulan aly bolmak1 comp. stnden
sowuk suw gulan aly bolmak2 comp.
stne comp. stne almak comp.
stne imek comp. stni amak
comp. stni basyrmak comp. stni
apmak comp. stni etirmek ;
emek 1 v to win Bizi toparymyz
aryda edi. Our team won in the
competition.; ykmak 4 v to win, beat
(e.g., fight) grede ykmak to beat at
wrestling comp. gwnni ykmak comp.
ni ykmak comp. ykan-umran
wind oramak v to wind, wrap (up),
muffle (up) Ol bonuna arf orady. He
wrapped the scarf around the neck.; el
n wind el turmak for a wind to get up,
to get windy {weather}
wind instrument tdk n wind
instrument
winding sargy 1 cf: sarag. n winding,
coil sim sargysy coil, wire coil
window pige n window; penjire n
window penjirni amak to open the
window penjirni apmak to close the
window
wine me n wine, strong (alcoholic) drink
me imek to drink wine; erap [era:p]
n wine
wineskin tulum n wineskin, water-skin
comp. tulum aly imek
wing ganat 1 [ga:nat] n wing ganatly
jandarlar animals who have wings say.

340
Aty bary ganaty bar say. Gu
ganatyndan kire islemer ; ganat 2
[ga:nat] n wing, side; wing tamy ep
ganaty left side of the home galany bir
ganaty one wing of the castle samoloty
ganaty wings of a plane ganat baglamak
to have wings, to fly for happiness ganat
germek take care ganat kakmak to make
wings tremble say. Aty bary ganaty bar
say. Gu ganatyndan kire islemer
wink gyrpmak v to wink
winnow sowurmak 1 v to winnow
{grain}
winter gzlk adj winter gzlk ekinler
winter crops gzlk bugda winter
wheat; gy n winter gyky gawun winter
melon gya ydamly keeps well in winter
gyda in winter gyyna during winter [a
melon that can be kept well into the
winter]; gylamak v to winter, pass/
spend the winter, hibernate
wire sim1 [si:m] n wire
wisdom akyllylyk n wisdom; hikmet n
wisdom {arch}; phim-pahas cf:
phimphim-pahas pahas. n
wisdom phim-pahas wrenmek to learn
sense, grow wise
wisdom tooth akyl dii (comp. of akyl)
wisdom tooth
wise akyllanmak 1 v to be wise, become
wise, be clever aga sdgie akyllanar.
As children grow up they become
wiser.; akylly adj wise, clever, rational,
reasonable, sensible, well-behaved say.
Akylly wrenjek bolar, akylsyz wretjek
bolar ; dana 1 [da:na] n wise; parasat
[parasa:t] n wisdom; wise, intelligent,
judicious, sensible, prudent parasat
adam wise man; parasatly [parasa:tly]
adj wise, intelligent, judicious, sensible,
prudent parasatly bolmak to be wise/
prudent
wise man weli2 2 [weli:] n wise man weli
adam Onu babasy weli adam bolupdyr.
His grandfather was wise man. say. zni
bilen weli
wise.person mnejim n wise.person
wish arzuw n wish, dream, aspiration;
desire arzuw etmek wish, dream Men size
bagtly durmu arzuw edrin. I wish you
a blessed life.; arzuwlamak v to wish;

341

aatlyk etmek
gwn-isleg 1 (comp. of gwn, isleg)
n wish, desire, aspiration (for), yearning
(for); gwn-isleg 2 (comp. of gwn,
isleg) n wish, desire, aspiration (for),
yearning (for); gwnjelik n wish,
desire, inclination (to, for) gwnjelik
bilen willingly, readily, gladly; howes 1
n wish, desire, inclination howes etmek
to wish, desire, want howes bilen with
pleasure; id 2 n wish, desire, interest,
thirst i etmeklige bolan id desire to
work; ksemek 1 v to wish, want,
desire suw ksemek to need a drink, to
be thirsty; myrat [myra:t] n wish,
desire, dream; effort, aim, object
myradya etmek to achieve/gain/attain
one's object/end Uniwersiteti tamamlap,
myradyma etdim. After graduating
University I gained my dream.; ra2 3
[ra:] n wish, desire raydan gatmak
to give up one's desire Atlar z rayna
apyp bararlar. Horses race in their
own way. z raya remek to live your
own life z raya hereket etmek to act
in accordance with your intentions Ol
agalary rayny ykmak eslemedi. He
didn't want to disappoint the child.
tomaaylary rayna garap adym
atmak To look at the spectators and
sing Ony raydan gatarmak kyn. It is
hard to change her mind. Sen bu
raydan gat. Stop thinking like that
witchcraft jady [ja:dy] n chanting,
witchcraft, sorcery jadylamak to
conjure, practise witchcraft/sorcery,
bewitch, enchant Ol bir bakyda meni
jadylady. She bewitched me with one
look.
with bilen 1 post with, by nahary eme
bilen imek to eat food with a spoon otly
bilen gitmek to go by train; aa 2
[aa:] post with, because of atlykdan
aa with joy Murady sesi gahardan
aa sandyrap gitdi. Murad's voice shook
with anger.
with accent algyrt adj with an accent
algyrt dilli adam a person who speaks
with an accent
with all one's heart akrekli
[a:krekli] adv do something with all
one's heart

with ash klli2 adj containing ash, with

ash ol klli gaby daaryk ykardy he took
a plate of ashes outside
with difficulty ala 2 adv with difficulty
ala remek to walk with difficulty;
zordan 1 [zo:rdan] adv with difficulty
zordan remek to walk/move with
difficulty
with money pully 2 adj with money,
having money pully adam rich man pully
gapjyk a wallet/purse with money
with no victims itgisiz 2 adj without
losses, with no victims Hudaa kr,
awaria itgisiz boldy. Thanks God, there
wasn't any loss in the accident.
with rights hak-hukukly [hak-huku:kly]
[hak-huku:kly] (comp. of hak,
hukukly) adj with rights
without kem 3 cf: kem-kemden. adv less
than, minus (often of time) On minudy
kem iki. It is ten minutes to two. comp.
kem-kem
without cell gzsz 2 adj without a cell
without doubt ek-bhesiz adv without
doubt; eksiz adj without a doubt;
bhesiz n without doubt, surely
without equal tasyz [ta:syz] adj
without equal
without loss itgisiz 1 adj without loss
hasyly itgisiz ygnamak to harvest
without loss; zyansyz 2 [zya:nsyz]
adj not entailing loss, without losses
hasyly zyansyz ygnamak to gather the
harvest without losses
without permission birugsat [bi:rugsat]
n without permission
without shame aypsyz 1 adj without
any shame (on him/her) aga aypsyz
ynsan. A child is without pretense.
without_provision
witness aat [a:a:t] n witness, eyewitness aat bolmak to witness, testify;
aatlyk [a:a:tlyk] n witness comp.
aatlyk etmek
wolf mjek 1 [m:jek] n wolf al mjek
grey wolf urkay mjek female wolf
woman aal 1 [aa:l] n woman, female
aal dogan sister owadan aal beautiful
woman; hatyn 1 [ha:ty:n] n woman;
hele n wife, woman {colloq}; naar 1

agajetli
[na:a:r] n woman naar magala
women; zenan [zena:n] n woman, lady
8-nji mart halkara zenanlar gni! The 8th
of March is the international women's
day!
womb atgy n womb aga atgyda dokuz
alap sr. Baby grows in womb for
nine months. {anatomy}
wonder mugjyza n wonder Die keramatly
adamlar mugjyza grkezip bilr. Only
sacred people can show wonder.
wonderful ajap adj wonderful; ajayp
[aja:yp] adj wonderful, beautiful, fine,
glorious
wood aga 2 n wood, board, beam,
timber aga esasy gurluyk materialy
wood is a basic building material aga
gap wooden dishes comp. agajetli comp.
telefon agajy ; tagta 1 n wood, timber;
toka n wood, forest
wood-cutter
wool pr n goat's wool; n wool az
i wool sheared at springtime leri
boap, haly dokaarlar. They make a
carpet from dyed wool. comp.
sakgal bolmak
word sz n word sz bermek to promise
comp. orta sz
word of mouth dilden-dile (comp. of
dil2) by word of mouth To akylygy
dilden-dile arady The wedding party
invitation circulated by word of mouth.
wording redaksia 3 [re'daksia] n
wording romany ilkinji redaksiasy
first/original wording of a novel
Ataewi redaksiasy bilen apa
taarlandy. It was prepared for
publication by Atayev.
work bejermek 2 v to work, cultivate er
bejermek to work the land, to till the
soil; alymak 3 v to work, labour;
endeavour Erkinlik in alymak. To
work for freedom. Gije-gndz alyyp,
ahyr maksada etgin. If you work night
and day, in the end you'll reach your
goal.; eser 1 n work, play edebi eser
literary work; i 1 cf: alada. n work,
labour, task ii homework i haky
salary, wage Mende bir i bar. I've got
something that needs to be done. ylmy i
scientific research work i alymak to

342
have a working relationship with
somebody Meni iim kp. I have a lot of
work to do eden i what has been done,
what someone has done comp. Bu gnki
iii ert goma! say. Galan ie gar
agar comp. i-alada ; i-alada 1 [i:alada] [i:-alada] (comp. of alada, i)
work and things i kp. There is a lot of
work to be done.; ilemek 1 cf:
ilemek. v to work fabrikde ilemek to
work at a factory ilp ykarmak to
produce, manufacture, work out Mayn
ilanok. The car's broken down.; kr 2
cf: kesbi-kr, kesp. n work kr etmek to
do something bu gnler nme kr
edrsi? what are you doing these
days? Bu gnler nme kr edrsi? What
are you doing these days?; pie [pi:e] n
work, profession, occupation, business,
trade pie edinmek to be involved (in),
be occupied (with), trade (in) awylygy
pie edinmek to trade in hunting, be
occupied with hunting pie etmek to
work, be involved (in), be engaged (in)
sen nme pie edrsi? what are you
engaged in?, what is your business?
{colloq}; ysmak v to work, act, move
Onu sag eli ysmaar. He has lost the use
of his right arm. comp. bognu ysmak ;
remek 3 cf: retmek. v to work Bu
sagat dogry rer. This watch works
correctly. This watch sticks to the
correct time. Aryny awusy rn alt
rer. The poison of a bee works
quickly. comp. Assa rn uzaga gider. ;
zhmet 1 n work zhmet ekmek to
work hard zhmet haky wages, pay
zhmet depderesi work-book, work
record zhmet gni working day comp.
ekse zhmet, agar rhnet. comp.
zhmet ekmek
work of jeweller zergrlik n work or
profession of a jeweller zergrlik etmek
to work as a jeweller ki dwre
garanda zergrlik hzir kn bir mehur
kr dl. The profession of jeveller is not
as famous nowadays as it was before.
work of shepherd opanylyk n the
work of shepherd opanylyk etmek to
work as a shepherd
work together ilemek [i:lemek] cf:
ilemek. v to work together Gaharja

343

jmle-jahan
adamlar bilen ilemek kyn. It is difficult
to work with agressie people.
worker dahan 2 [daha:n] cf: kolhozy.
worker on a collective farm; gulluky 2
n employee, worker; ii [i:i] n
worker ii aal worker ii gji labour
force, manpower; igr [i:gr] n
worker, employee, official ylmy igr
research worker metbugat igri
contributor
worker in publishing neiraty
[neira:ty] n someone working in
publishing Meni daym neiraty bolup
iler. My uncle works as publisher.
working bejergi n working, cultivation
workmate olda 3 n fellow worker,
workmate Meni oldaym maa birne
gowy maslahatlar berdi. My workmate
gave me some good advices.
workplace krhana [krha:na] n firm,
workplace, workshop, factory (for light
industry), enterprise senagat krhanasy
industrial works tze krhana new
enterprise Bizi krhanamyz smenada
iler. Our workplace has three shifts.
world dn 1 n world, creation dn
inmek to be born dn indermek to give
birth to Bu dn haan dredik? When
was the world created? Tebigaty we
dnni adam zat tgetmge haky ok.
Man does not have the right to change
the natural world. dn belli adam
well-known man of the world Mosart z
ajayp sazlary bilen dn belli bolan
adam. Mozart is world renowned for his
beautiful music. dnni empiony the
world champion dnden tmek to die
dnden bihabar ignorant Sen dnden
bihabar u tzelikleri entek eitmedik
bolsa! You will remain ignorant if you
do not hear this news. dnden habarly
to know everything Telewizordan
tzelikleri dilese dnden habarly
edr. If you listen to the news on
television you will know everything.
dnden el zmek to die Alty a
arawsuzlydan so atam dnden el
zdi. My grandfather died after a six
month illness. dn daralmak to be
narrow minded????? dni tzelemek
to die Gidir dn, gedir dn./nakyl/
The world is wide, the world is strange.

hawanat dnsi fauna smlik dnsi

flora Gowy adam dnden tse-de, ady
tmer. If a good person dies, his name
lives on. er bizi dnmiz. The Earth
is our environment. dnni drli
knjeginde four corners of the Earth
Jahankedeler dnni gezip,dn kp
gzelliklerini grrler. People travel all
over the world to see the beautiful
sights. comp. o dn, bu dun ;
dn 2 n world, realm Dn dursun,
sen dur Trkmenistanym! Long live the
World, long live Turkmenistan! comp. o
dn, bu dun ; lem 1 n world,
universe lem giiligi outer space leme
inmek to be born lem giiligi world
space comp. lem-jahan comp. lemi
giemek ; jahan n world, universe jahan
ury world war jahana inmek to be born,
enter the world jahan agtylar dawn
comp. jmle-jahan ; jmle-jahan
(comp. of jahan, jmle) n world, the
universe Bu tze adym tutu jmlejahana a saldy. This new song was
sounded throughout the whole world.;
alany2 n world bu alanyda in this
world alany agtylanda at dawn, at
daybreak
world-view dngaray n outlook,
world-view Kp okaan adamlary
dnagaray gier. The world-view of
widely read people is broadening.
akynyy sse, bagylamagy baarsa,
ejize kmek etse, dngaray
tger. If you love your neighbour, if
you can forgive, if you help the weak,
your world-view changes.
worldwide btindn [bti:ndpn] adj
worldwide, international, global,
universal, whole world; internationally
Filormonia konserdine btindna belli
sazlary birnesi alyndy. Various
internationally-renowned musicians
played at the Philarmonia's concert.
Trkmenistan garasyz hem bitarap bolany
bri, zini btindna tanatdy. Since
Turkmenistan has become independent
and neutral it has become known by the
whole world.
worm guruk n worm pek gurugy
silkworm guruk tohumy seed of worm
guruk tutmak to breed silkworms

gysylmak
worried njli adj worried, anxious,
troubled njli adam worried person;
ynjalyksyz 1 [y:njalyksyz] adj worried,
anxious Ol ynjalyksyz grndi. He looked
worried.
worry alada etmek v to worry, have
cares, be anxious, be troubled;
darykmak [da:rykmak] cf: gysylmak. v
to worry, be/get upset, be/become
agitated, to be anxious, to be worried
Bu zatlar meni rn darykdyrar. I'm
terribly worried about it all.; gysylmak
3 cf: darykmak. v to worry, lose
courage Gysylma, hemme zat oat bolar.
Don't worry, everything will be all
right.; janyy akmak 2 (comp. of jan,
akmak1) v to concern oneself with,
worry about; tolgundyrmak to worry;
ynjalyksyzlanmak [y:njalyksyzlanmak]
v to worry (about), to be anxious/
worried (about) agalar hakynda
ynjalyksyzlanmak To worry about the
children; ynjalyksyzlyk 1
[y:njalyksyzlyk] n worry, anxiety
ynjalyksyzlyk tapmak to become worried
worse kem 2 cf: kem-kemden. adv worse
Bu ondan kemmi? Is it worse than that
one? comp. kem-kem
worsen beterlemek 2 v to worsen, get
worse Onu saglygy beterledi. His health
got worse. Gyy sowugy beterler.
Winter is getting colder.; bulamak 5 v
to worsen, get worse, go bad Ge
grmeli jigim daardan hapa bulaman
gelipdir. You've got to be surprised - my
younger sister came in from outside
without having got dirty. Gayran
alygym tozana bulayp atyr. agy
agan gni tayp palyga buladym. Howa
ma ayny ortalaryna bulayp ugrady.
Sher bilen gn ykyp duran asman
lnlere bulutlar garalyp howa bulayp
ugrady. Howalar bulamaka kartokalary
ekmeli. Soky dwr altalygyndan aa
ileri bulayp ugrady. Onu dosty erbet
ilere bayny sokyp bulady.;
amanlamak 2 cf: amanlamak. v to
become worse (gradually), worsen,
deteriorate Syrkawy agday gngnden amanlaardy. The health of a
patient was becoming worse day by
day.; aramazlamak v to worsen,
become worse, deteriorate, take a turn

344
for the worse Syrkawy agday
aramazlady. The health of a patient
has become worse. nmi hili
aramazlady. The quaility of
production has deteriorated. Olary
gatnayklary aramazlady. Their
relations have become worse.
worship sede etmek v to bow down,
prostrate oneself, worship {religious};
ybadat 1 [yba:dat] n worship ybadat
etmek to worship
worst agram 2 n worst, bulk olu
agramy yzda galdy. The worst of the
journey is behind us.
worthless aramaz adj worthless; unwell
aramaz adam worthless man aramaz
howa unpleasant/awful weather Onu
ileri aramaz. What he does isn't
helpful.
worthy mynasyp 1 [myna:sy:p] adj
worthy, deserving mynasyp bolmak to
deserve mynasyp baha bermek to
appreciate something at its true value
igit zne mynasyp gyz salapdyr. A boy
chose deserving girl for himself. Olar
atlanmaga mynasyp. They deserve to be
remembered. Ol hormata mynasyp alym.
He is an honourable scientist.
wound dwn 3 n wound, boil, cyst;
ara n wound, injury; insult howply ara
serious wound ok arasy bullet wound
arany simlemegi wound inflammation
ara salmak to wound, injure kne
arany gozgamak to re-open an old
wound comp. arasyna duz sepmek ;
aralamak v to wound, injure
aagyndan aralamak to wound in the
leg comp. regini aralamak
wounded araly adj wounded, injured
eil araly slightly wounded comp.
regi araly
wrap olamak v to wrap up (in) kitaby
gazete olamak to wrap up a book in
newspaper agany odeala olamak to
wrap a child up in the blanket dilie
olamak; olamak v to wrap around; to
become entangled; damak 1 v to wrap
something around, to bind, to lace
bagjygy ujuny damak to lace up
galstugy damak to tie a necktie; sarag 2
cf: sargy. n wrap

345

ndogry hereket etmek

wrestle gremek 2 v to wrestle;
tutlumak v to wrestle
wrestler plwan [plwa:n] n wrestler
gli plwan strong wrestler
wrestling match gre n wrestling match,
fight
wrinkle dwn 2 n wrinkle, line, knot
Onu malaynda dwn bar. He has
wrinkled brows. Endamyndaky dwni
operasia arkaly ayrdylar. The wound
in his body was taken by operation. ;
gasyn 1 n wrinkle, crease maladaky
gasynlar wrinkles on one's forehead;
ygyrt 1 n wrinkle, crease maladaky
ygyrtlar wrinkles on the forehead
wrist bilek n wrist Elimi bilegine owadan
alaja dakdym. I tied a beautiful charm at
my wrist.; goar n wrist
write yramak 2 v to write, graffitti
hatjagaz yramak to write a letter aga
kitaby zni yrapdyr. The front of
the book has been graffittied.; azmak1
v to write grip azmak to copy (from)
tzeden azmak to rewrite azyp almak
to write down azyp bermek to write
down for someone uly azmak to write
with large handwriting kii azmak to
write with small handwriting dnkli
azmak to write clearly dnksiz
azmak to write illegibly gogy azmak
to write poetry

writer azyjy [a:zyjy] cf: awtor. n

writer, author azyjy aal female writer,
authoress
writing azma n writing gogy azma
writing in a poetic style; azuw 1 cf:
rift. n writing azuw esbaplary writing
materials azuw hnri art of writing;
azyly n writing Men bu azylya
dnemok. I can't make this writing
out.
written azylgy2 adj written azylgy hat
written letter azylgy bolmak to be
written
wrong bimamla [bi:mamla] adj wrong,
incorrect zni bimamladygyny
bonuna alanok. He doesn't admit he's in
the wrong. Bimamladygyny bilip zni
aak salyp dur. Because of his fault his
face has fallen.; galat adj wrong,
incorrect, false Seni adanlary galat.
What you say is not true. galat habar
incorrect information galat atmak tell a
lie, tell lies; telek adj wrong, mistaken
wrongly ndogry 2 adv incorrectly,
wrongly Men meselni ndogry
zpdirin. I answered the problem
incorrectly. Sen pagtany ndogry ledi.
You have incorrectly weighed the
cotton. comp. ndogry hereket etmek

Xx

X-ray rentgen [rent'gen] n X-ray

photography rentgen hlesi X-rays

rentgen suraty an X-ray rentgen apparaty

X-ray machine

Yy

yakhna

klas

346
yard haat 1 [ha:at] n yard haaty
iinde in the yard
yarn plk n yarn, thread plk egirmek
to spin cotton into threads Haly drli
plklerden edilr. Carpet is made of
different kinds of yarn. [carpets are
made from woollen yarn]
yawn pal1 [pa:l] n yawn, (fit of) yawning;
pallamak [pa:llamak] v to yawn
year synp 1 cf: klas. n year, form, grade
Ol ikinji klasda. S/he is in the second
year. {school}; yl n year geljek yl next
year ten yl last year yl yldan from
one year to the next ylyylyna from
one year to the next yl kesmek to
sentence Sud oa yl kesdi. The judge
gave him his sentence. ylba-yl every
year comp. yla dnmek
yearling tokly n yearling
years old a2 2 [a:] adj year(s) old;
young Ol drt aynda. She's four years
old. a igit young man Ol menden a
She is younger than me. {people, with
specific number} comp. a-ele
yell, onomatopozic gyk [gy:k] n yell,
scream of birds, cry gyky-gykuw cock-adoodle-doo [the sound a cock makes]
comp. gygy ajamak comp. gygyny
prkmek
yellow sary1 [sa:ry] adj yellow sary rek
yellow colour comp. sary garynja comp.
sary getirme comp. saryy ganamak
comp. umurtgany sarysy
yes bar 3 [ba:r] adj yes Suw barmy? Bar. Is
the water on? Yes. Bar bol(u)! comp.
bar bolmak comp. bary-ogy ; hawa
interj yes Sen ertir gelermi? -hawa Will
you come tomorrow? -Yes, I will.
yesterday dn adv yesterday Ol dn
geldi. He came yesterday. comp. dnin
yet entek adv yet, for the moment
yield eilmek v to yield, provide
yoghurt gatyk n yoghurt, soured cream;
curds tury gatyk sour yoghurt; ogurt n
yoghurt, yogurt Trk ogurty Turkish
(style) yoghurt
yolk umurtgany sarysy (comp. of
sary1) yolk of egg Hamyra umurtgany
sarysyny goup, mikser bilen garmaly. At

first add to a flour a yolk of an egg, then

mix it with a mixer.
Yomut omut Yomut (tribe) omutlar
taha tikmge kde bolarlar. Yomut
people are excellent on sewing tahyas.
[one of the main Turkmen tribes]
you sen Pronoun you (singular) seni of
you, your (singular) saa to you; siz
Pronoun you (pl.) sizi of you, your size
to you
young kii 2 adj young, younger meni
kii aal doganym my younger sister;
krpe 1 adj young, small, youngest
krpe ogul younger son
young and old uly-kii (comp. of uly) adj
both young and old A. S. Pukiny azan
gogylaryny, ertekilerini uly-kii okaar. A
S Pushkin's poems and fairy tales are
read by both young and old. A. S.
Pukini azan gogylaryny, ertekilerini
uly-kii okaar. Pushkin's poems and
fairy tales are read by both young and
old.
young camel kek 1 [k:ek] n young
camel, camel calf D bir aaana
kek diilr, ondan so ol ulalyp iner
bolar. Up to one year old a camel is
termed a calf, after that it is considered
an adult.
young ladies gelin-gyz 1 [gelin-gy:z]
(comp. of gelin, gyz) n young ladies
and girls obany gyzlary young women
and girls of the village; gelin-gyz 2
[gelin-gy:z] (comp. of gelin, gyz) n
young ladies and girls obany gelinleri
young women and girls of the village
tou bezegi gelinler the beauty of
wedding party are young ladies
young man ini 3 [ini:] cf: jigi. n young
man (term of address); jahyl 1 [ja:hy:l]
n young man, youth, without
knowledge or experience jahyl ykmak
to reach manhood, or, to become a
young man Meni oglum jahyl ykyp,
lendiribermeli. My son reached
manhood and is of a marriageable age.
young married woman gelin 1 n young
married woman owadan gelin beautiful
bride gelin edinmek to have a bride
comp. gelin-gyz comp. gelneje
young woman ua 3 n young woman
Uam, kyn grmede maa kmek edd?

347

rsiz
Sister, you wouldn't mind helping me
would you? {(as respectful term of
address for female younger than
oneself)}
younger male ini 2 [ini:] cf: jigi. n
younger male relatives (via father)
younger person jigi 3 [jigi:] cf: ini. n
younger person, form of address to your
juniors [only Ahal-Teke men use jigi to
refer to younger men.] {dial}
younger sibling jigi 1 [jigi:] cf: ini. n
younger sibling gyz jigi younger sister
[only Ahal-Teke men use jigi to refer to
younger brothers. Other clans use it
only to refer to younger sisters.]
younger sister ua 1 n little sister,
younger sister Uajygym, sag-aman
otyrsymy? My little sister, how are you
doing? Gzi ullakan gyz seni uamy? Is
that girl with huge eyes your sister?
{dial}

youth gyzlyk 1 [gy:zlyk] n youth (re. girl)

gyzlyk dwri childhood (re. girl);
jahyllyk 1 [ja:hy:llyk] n youth, time
when one is young jahyllyk yllarynda in
one's youth Onu jahyllyk yllary rn
agyr gedi. He had many difficulties in
his youth.; juwan [juwa:n] n youth,
young, young person juwan igit young
man Iki a juwany durmu toy boldy.
Two young people got married.; aele [a:-ele] (comp. of a2) n
youth, young people Toda a-eleler
tans etdiler. Young people danced at the
party.; alyk [a:lyk] n youth,
youthfulness Meni alyk yllarym
atlama bolup galdy. The days of my
youth remained as memory.; igdeke
n youth, lad, boy, chap Bir igdeke aga
apyp dur eken. One lad was sawing a
tree. {colloq}; igit n youth, lad, guy
lenjek igit bridegroom, fianc batyr
igit brave lad go igit brave chap igit
ykmak to reach maturity

Zz

zeal garat [gara:t] n zeal, energy comp.

garat et-d! ; yhlas [yhla:s] n zeal,
diligence, enthusiasm, dedication yhlas
etmek to make an effort yhlas bilen
ilemek to work with diligence Onu
yhlasy erine ddi. His dedication gave
its fruits.
zealous r 2 n zealous ol onu ri he is her
husband r erinde durmak to stay on
man's place r bol! be brave r igit
brave boy r ykmak to become elder
r-aal husband and wife re ykmak to
marry (for girls) rlere bravery comp.

rli comp. rsiz ; garatly [gara:tly]

adj zealous, strong willed, energetic
zero nol 1 num nought, zero Bizi
toparymyz olary bir nol edip utdy. Our
group winned them one zero. Onu
kellesi nol, hi zat bilmer. His head is
empty, does not know anything.
zone zolak 3 [zo:lak] n zone, region, land
gorag zolagy border zone aralyk zolak no
man's land; zona ['zona] n zone, area,
belt smlikler zonasy plant area arak
zonasy frontier/boundary zone