Index

2A Architecture & Art Journal (Dubai)

329
Abadan 16, 17, 213238, 383
1000 Homes project by Anglo-Iranian
Oil Company (1960s) 233235
Abadan Municipality 232
Art Deco houses (1930s) 223, 232
Bawarda district 229
Cultural Heritage Office 232
Jazeereh Shademani (Fun Island) 224
Naft Cinema 232
Rex Cinema 232
Sikh Temple 225
Abbasid Caliphate 217
Abdullah, Mohammed Ali 123
Abu Dhabi 6, 7, 9, 10, 16, 27, 48, 77,
129153, 174, 271, 313, 332, 356,
383, 392, 394, 395397
Al Bahar Towers, Abu Dhabi 395397
Al Raha Beach 141
Al Reem Island 141
Al Suwwah Island 141
Capital District 141
Emirates Palace Hotel 146
Grand Mosque 139
Masdar City 141, 147, 336, 356, 394
Masdar Institute of Science and
Technology (MIST) 394
master-plan by Executive Council
(1988) 136
master-plan by Halcrow for Abu Dhabi
(1962) 132

Performing Arts Centre, Zaha Hadid 48

Plan Abu Dhabi 2030 141
Qasr al Hosn 131, 132
Saadiyat Island 10, 48, 141, 392
Sorouh project 94
Yas Island 141
Abu Dhabi Emirate 129153, 394
Department of Economic
Development 142
Environment Agency 160
ESTIDAMA 336
Executive Council 136
Khalifa Committee 136
Ministry of Economics 142
Town Planning Department 136
Urban Planning Council 143
Abu Dhabi Marine Areas Ltd 132
Adam, Robert 386
Aden Protectorate 24
Adjaye, David 389
Adnanais tribe 38
AECOM (which took over EDAW) 123,
297, 353, 360, 364
Aedas 395397
Al Bahar Towers, Abu Dhabi 395397
Africa 3, 5, 9, 13, 311
Aga Khan Award 393, 397
Aga Khan Trust 87, 393, 397
Ahmadian, Reza 284
Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud 247, 296
Ahmedi, Hamid 258
Ahvaz 246

406 Architecture and Globalisation in the Persian Gulf Region

Aladdin as fictional character 37, 40

Al Ain 134
Al-Ahmadi, Husam 122
Al-Ali, Ahmed 394
Alavi, Mohammad 297, 298, 299, 300
al-awlama 1
Albini, Franco 46
Aldar Properties (Abu Dhabi) 337
Al-Doleh, Sani 267
Alexander the Greats Greek Empire 38
Al-Fahim, Mohammed 132
Al Ghurair Group, Dubai 176
Ali, Imam 217
Al Jaidah, Ibrahim 114
Al-Jazeera satellite television news
channel 113
Al-Khalifa dynasty 83
Allies and Morrison 123, 353, 360, 365,
374, 375, 393
Al-Maktoum dynasty 174, 176
Al Maktoum, Sheikh Mohammad bin
Rashid 176
Al Malahni, Issa 126
Al-Mansur, City of Peace by al-Mansur 47
Al-Mutawa, Saleh 42
Ghani Palace Hotel, Kuwait City 42
Al Nahyan, Sheikh Zahed bin Sultan 132
Al Nakheel Properties, Dubai 94
Al-Qaeda 8
Al-Qasimi, Sheikh Sultan I Ibn Saqr 198
Al-Qasimi, Sheikh Sultan bin Mohammed
206
Al Sabah family, Kuwaiti rulers 4850
Al-Said, Fahad 62
Al-Sanafi, Naval 148
Alsayyad, Nezar 79
Al Thani dynasty 106107
Al Thani, Sheikh Abdulla bin Jassim
106
Al Thani, Sheikh Ahmad bin Ali 106
Al Thani, Sheikh Ali Bin Abdullah Al
Thani, Emir of Qatar 106
Al Thani, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa,
Emir of Qatar 107

Al Thani, Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad

107108
Al-Wakil, Abdel Wahid 87
America (see United States of America)
American architects in the Persian Gulf
region 23, 3132
American hotel chains 29
Hilton Hotels 29
Holiday Inn 29
Intercontinental Hotels 29
American Institute of Architects 390391
American-type suburban houses and
consumer lifestyle 105, 164165,
215216, 227230
Amman 307
Amwaj Islands 97
Ando, Tadao 48, 352
Anglo-American architectural and town
planning influences 31, 229230
Anglo-Persian Oil Company 23, 106, 214,
219, 230, 233
Annales school 9
Arab Engineering Bureau 393
Al-Sharq Village and Spa, again in Doha
393
Barzan Tower, Doha 393
Arab millionaires, resentment in Britain
towards 33
Arab Spring 3, 49, 92, 265
Arabi, Ibn 343
Arabian American Oil Company
(ARAMCO, now Saudi Aramco) 31,
5758, 62
Arabian Design Associates, Doha 23
Arabian Gulf 2
The Arabian Nights: Tales from a Thousand
and One Nights 37, 40
Arabian Peninsula 6, 7, 13, 15, 23, 38
Arabian Sea 3, 4
Arabic culture and language 5, 7, 34, 269,
359
Arabo-Persian Gulf 2
Aramco Home Ownership Program
(1950s) 62

index

The Architect 33
The Architects Journal 41, 42
Architectural Association, London 25
Architectural Design 24, 394
Architectural Forum 47
Architectural Record 27, 31, 32
Ardalan, Nader 13
Ardalan Associates LLC 336341
Desert Retreat, UAE 337
The Intelligent Tower, Doha, Qatar
338341
Arge-e-Jadid 221
Arizona, USA 53
Ar-Rashid, Harun 47
Arup Engineers 123, 338, 353, 360, 364
Arvand River (Shatt Al-Arab in Arabic)
213, 330
Asia 3, 38, 86, 163
Atkins 120
Austin-Smith, Michael 34
Australia 8, 9, 114, 115
Austria 387
Awali 85
Babylon 38, 47
Bada, Yassine 148
badgir (see wind-catcher)
Baghdad 24, 352
Bahrain 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 16, 27, 57, 77100,
174, 336, 364
Independence from British occupation
(1971) 86
Ministry of Oil disbanded (2005) 77
Banak 16, 265270, 276282, 383
Bandar Abbas 16, 246, 265, 311324, 383
Bustaneh Kish Park 319
Dowlat and Mellat Park 318319
Galladari bathhouse 320
Hindu temple (disused) 323
Iran naval headquarters 311
Lavan Park 319
Municipality 317
Shaheed Rajaee freeway 312
Bandar-e-Deylam 231

407

Bangladesh 86
baraha (urban courtyard) 366, 369, 379
barasti (palm-mat dwellings) 82, 131
Barber, Peter 397
Villa Anbar, Dammam 397
Barragan, Luis 397
Basra 17, 24, 40, 289, 330
Battuta 189, 311
Bedouin tribes 7, 910, 40, 83, 106, 129,
198
Beirut 364
Berman, Marshall 383
Bhabha, Homi 81, 187
Bin Laden, Osama 8
biodiversity at risk in Persian Gulf
330334, 349350, 384
Bombay 289
Borden, Iain 238
Bluewater mall, Kent, Britain 176, 182
bonyads (charity foundations in Iran) 221
Braudel, Fernand 9
Brazil 383
BREEAM sustainability standards (UK)
336
Brebbia, Carlos A. 89
Britain 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 2324, 4041,
8283, 105106, 131, 168, 197200,
214, 218220, 223224, 247, 350,
364, 389, 395
Attlee government 24
British Commonwealth 24
British Mandate 23
political policy in Persian Gulf region
2324, 218220, 223224, 247
protectorate in Bahrain 8283
Royal Navy 23
Thatcher government 220
British architects in the Persian Gulf
region 2136
British New Town programme 41
Brunelleschi, Filippo 370371
Pazzi Chapel, Florence 370371
Bucheery, Ahmad (Gulf House
Engineering) 91

408 Architecture and Globalisation in the Persian Gulf Region

Building 23
Burton, Sir Richard 3940
Bushehr 6, 16, 237238, 243260, 265,
383
foreign investment in local industries
248249
Iran Nuclear Energy College 251
Iranology Institute 258
Islamic Azad University 251
Municipalitys current master-plan
(2008) 246
Omaret-e-Malek 257
Persian Gulf University 251
regeneration of Old Quarter 254257
Saadat High School 249
Shaikh Hossain Chahkutahi Tomb 257
University of Medical Sciences 251
Bushiri, Moin altujar 249
Byatt, A.S. (Dame Antonia Susan Duffy)
53
Byzantine domed architecture 39
Byzantine Empire 39

Christianity 39, 83, 249, 342, 348

CIA World Factbook 8
cikma (bay windows) 252
Cold War era 223224, 230, 388
Colin Buchanan and Partners master-plan
for Kuwait City 4142
Columbus, Indiana, USA 308
Coop Himmelblau 349
Copernicus, Nicolaus 390
Cornell University 120
corniche 105, 287
Costain 27
Crawley, West Sussex, Britain 41
Crinson, Mark 387
Critical Regionalism 11, 352
Cruz, Teddy 399
cultural identity in Persian Gulf region
16
cultural traditions in Persian Gulf region
27
Cummins Engine Company 308
Cyprus 29

Cairo
Mosque of Ahmad Ibn Tulun, Cairo 122
Tahrir Square 92
Cairo Scientific Journal 11
California, USA 94, 221, 287
Campbell, Joseph 337
Canada 114
Candilis Metra International Consultants
64
Cannes 287, 308
Cantacuzino, Sherban 31
Car-based urbanism from the USA 5253,
181, 361364
Caribbean 29
Carnegie Mellon University 120
Castells, Manuel 391
Celik, Zeynep 79
Chadirji, Rifat 351352
Chahestania 317
Chandigarh 388
China 3, 182, 185, 189, 227, 275, 385, 387

Daher, Rami 89
Dammam (Dammam Metropolitan area)
9, 10, 5773, 383, 397
Al-Dawaser neighbourhood 57, 62
King Saud Street 63
Villa Anbar 396, 397
Dashti 266
Davidson, Christopher 192
Davis, Mike 12, 174, 182
Day of Ashura (Imam Hussain Festival) 92
Deconstructivism 349
De Golyer, Everette 223
Deleuze, Gilles 391
Dell, Edmund (British Secretary of State
for Trade) 31
Der Spiegel 385
Dharhan 24, 31, 5758
Dhiyab bin Isa, Sheikh 130
dhow 4, 374
Disney comparisons 12, 117, 342
diwaniya (gathering) 53

index

Doha 6, 7, 9, 16, 23, 25, 32, 77, 105127,

174, 287, 336, 353, 359381, 383, 393
Al Kahraba Street 364, 370
Al Koot Fort 364, 366, 374
Al Rayyan Road 370, 374, 376, 377
Aspire Tower, 15th Asian Games 117
Barahat al Nouq 389
Barzan Tower 117, 393
Burial Ground 366, 374, 375, 379
Company House 378
Corniche Road 105, 361, 362, 369, 374,
375, 379
Diwan Amiri (Royal Palace) 109, 359,
369, 374, 375, 376, 378
Diwan Amiri Quarter (Diwan Annex,
Amiri Guards Headquarters and
National Archive of Qatar) 374381
Doha International Airport 105, 110,
115
Doha master-plan by Llewelyn-Davies
(1972) 110
Education City 117, 120
Education Convention Centre 120
Government House 108
Grand Mosque 109
Grand Hamad Street 110
Lusail 125126
Majsid al Sheikh 374
Msheireb quarter 123, 328, 336, 353,
359381, 393
Museum of Islamic Art, Doha 122, 362
Nakheel Square 370
National Bank 113
National Eid Ground 364, 369, 374, 370
National Museum 113
National Theatre 113
The Pearl 125
Qatar Centre for the Presentation of
Islam 122
Qatar Pilot Plant (part of Sahara Forest
Project), Doha 395
Radwani House 378, 379
Sheraton Hotel by William Pereira 110,
115

409

Sikka Mohammed 378

Souk Waqif 123, 359, 365, 366, 369,
370, 371, 374, 375
Villagio Shopping Mall 117
West Bay 105, 100, 361, 362, 367
William Pereiras master-plan (1970s)
110, 361
Dooher, Jerry 223, 224
Dovey, Kim 175
Doxiadis, Constantinos, and his Ekistics
design approach 24, 64
DP Architects PTE 182
Kuwait City 229
Manama 229
Drees and Sommer 304305
Dubai 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 25, 32, 52,
53, 70, 77, 9295, 137139, 155170,
173193, 198, 204, 229, 271, 296, 313,
314, 356, 383, 391, 392393, 394, 399
Bastakiyah Quarter 186, 187
Bur Dubai 181
Bur Juman Centre 176
Burj Khalifa Tower 52, 115, 181, 391
Deira 181, 392393
Dubai Creek 186
Dubai Mall 181184
Dubai Strategic Plan 2015 168
Ibn Battuta Mall 189
Madinat Jumeirah hotel resort and
mall 166, 186189
Mall of the Emirates 185189
Palm Jumeirah islands 10, 53, 94, 155,
166
Port Jebel Ali 174, 313
Port Rashid 174
Sheikh Zayed Road 176

Waterfront City project 155, 392393

The World 10, 96, 166
Dubai Emirate 155170
Dubai Municipality 161
Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA)
161
Naturalisation and Residency
Department 164

410 Architecture and Globalisation in the Persian Gulf Region

Dubai Emirate (continued)

Real Estate Regulatory Agency 164
Statistics Center 155, 159
Dubai International Properties
Salam Beach Resort and Spa in Bahrain
95
Dubai Shopping Festival 175176
Dubaification/Dubaization 9297
Dumper, Michael 13
Durand, Jean-Nicholas-Louis 350
Durkheim, mile 162
Durrat Al Bahrain (Bahrains Pearl) 83,
9597
Eames, Charles and Ray 391
Eco, Umberto 91
ecological issues in Persian Gulf region 11,
140141, 160162, 185186, 235238,
276, 284, 313, 317, 329336, 349350
EDAW (see AECOM)
Edensor, Tim 39
Edgerton, David 388
Egypt 9, 11, 92, 110, 122, 189, 350351
Eid Fetr 279
Eid Ghorban 279
Eisenman, Peter 349
eivans (deep balconies) 282
Elamite era 243
El-Masri, Souheil (Gulf House
Engineering) 393394
Elsheshtawy, Yasser 13, 9495, 132,
134135
Emerson, Ralph 343
Emiratis 6, 141142, 184185, 337
Empty Quarter, Saudi Arabia 40
Engel, Ulf 157
environmental conditions in Persian Gulf
region 27, 32, 126, 217, 230232,
267268, 281282, 312, 347357,
359
environmental controls in traditional
dwellings 231235, 281, 347348,
349351, 352353, 370372
Erdmann, Gero 157

Esmaeil, Farid 394

Euphrates River 5, 213, 330
Europe 3, 5, 38, 123, 163, 215, 223, 227,
259, 313, 342, 350, 385
Facebook Democracy 9
Failaka Island, near Kuwait 38
Far East 3, 5, 29, 348
fareej (cluster of private houses in a
neighbourhood) 367
Farmanfarmanian, Manucher and Roxane
223
farming traditions 7, 268, 270, 276277,
296, 334
Farrokhzad, Forugh 215
Fars province 247, 266
Farsi (Persian) language 269
Fathy, Hassan 350351, 352
Ferrari 353
Financial Times 159
First World War 106
fishing traditions 7, 270, 291, 294, 296
Flaubert, Gustav 40
Floridas Gold Coast, USA 94
Ford, Brian 355
Max Fordham LLC in London 395
Torrent Research Laboratories 355
Foreign Agricultural Service 317
Forty, Adrian 1
Foster, Norman (Foster and Partners) 143,
356, 384385, 392, 401
Astana peace pyramid 385
Hong Kong Shanghai Bank, Hong Kong
384385
Fox, John 137
Frampton, Kenneth 40, 352, 399
France 23, 216
Fraser, Murray 52, 229, 230
free economic zones in Persian Gulf
region 155170, 220221, 270,
287309, 312
Gaia Theory 344
Garden City movement 229230

index

Garden of Eden/concept of Earthly

Paradise 47, 287, 305, 306, 308, 309
Gardiner, Stephen 41
Gehry, Frank 48, 384385, 401
Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao 384385
Georgetown University 120
German housing estates or siedlungs
(1920s) 229
Germany 24, 31, 41, 247
Nazi Germany 24
ghalyun (water pipes) 272, 319
Ghana 4, 389
Gharleghi, Mehran 394
Glasgow 301
globalisation 2, 16, 17, 7778, 8788,
105, 113122, 137141, 257260,
265, 284, 332333, 348349,
383401
globalisation from below 389
Iran 383
Golzari, Nasser 1, 17
Google 2, 17
Greece 301
Grollo Tower project in Melbourne,
Australia 115
Grube, Ernst 39
Gruen, Victor 175
Guatemala 399
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) 7, 92,
330, 332, 334, 335, 340, 342
Water Cooperation Committee 335
Gulf House Engineering 91, 393394
Al Zamil office tower in Manama
393394
Amwaj Island housing, Muharraq
393394
Novotel Al Dana Resort in Manama
393394
Gulf News 163
Gulf of Basra 2
Gulf of Oman 3, 4, 311
Gulf Organization for Industrial
Consulting (GOIC) 338, 340
Gulf States 25, 34, 37, 39

411

Gulf Sustainable Urbanism Research

Programme (see Harvard University
Graduate School of Design)
Gulf Wars between Iraq and the United
States of America and allies 17, 332
Habermas, Jurgen 388389
Hadid, Zaha 48, 385
Performing Arts Centre, Abu Dhabi 48
SOHO Galaxy offices, Beijing 385
Hagia Sophia, Istanbul 39
Hajar Mountains 337
Hajji pilgrims 217
Halcrow & Company, Sir William 132, 200,
205
master-plan for Abu Dhabi (1962) 132
master-plan for Sharjah 200, 205
Hall, Stuart 389
Hamdi, Nabeel 399
Hardt, Michael 386
Harvard Kennedy School Middle East
Initiative Grant 329
Harvard University Graduate School of
Design 13, 329
Gulf Sustainable Urbanism Research
Programme 13, 329, 336
Harvey, David 7, 175
hayat (in-between spaces in houses) 252
Heiss, Mary Ann Heiss 224
Hensel, Michael 394
Herb, Michael 159, 161
Herzog and de Meuron 389
Tate Modern, London 389
Higgins, Ney and Partners 33
Hilliard, David (Mercury Architects) 298
Hilton, Conrad 29
HOK Architects 120
Hong Kong 10
Hopkins, Michael 176
Hormozgan province 311, 313
Hospital of Santo Antonio, Porto 388
Hoyt, Charles 32
Hbsch, Heinrich 163
Hughes and Polkinghorne, Norwich 23

412 Architecture and Globalisation in the Persian Gulf Region

Hussein, Saddam 17, 41, 216

Hvidt, Martin 157
hybridity in architecture and urbanism
7781, 98100, 192193, 389
Illinois, USA 53
India 3, 5, 9, 23, 82, 110, 114, 127, 166,
189, 200, 311, 323, 355, 387
Indian Ocean 3, 4, 311
International Monetary Fund 8, 313
International Union of Architects 29
Iran 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 2324, 41, 42,
81, 127, 168, 189, 200, 213238, 243
260, 265284, 287309, 311324,
336, 372, 383
burning down of Rex Cinema in
Abadan on Black Friday (1978) 216
Building and Housing Ministry 254
Housing and Urban Development
Organization 318
Iranian Fuel Conservation Organization
(IFCO) 237
Iranian Islamic Revolution (1979) 6,
216, 259, 265, 296, 297, 300
Islamic Republican government 218,
259, 265
Ministry of Power and Energy 237
National Iranian Oil Refining and
Distribution Company (NIORDC)
218
National Iranian Petrochemical
Company (NIPC) 218
nationalisation of Iranian oil industry
(1951) 218
oil-workers strike (1978) 216
US-backed coup dtat in Iran (1953)
223224
US-led economic sanctions against Iran
227, 246247, 336
Iran Daily 317
Iran/Iraq War (19801988) 216, 220, 247,
332
Iranian Islamic identity 243, 244, 248,
251, 254, 257259, 260

Iranian traditional architecture and

gardens 217, 251254, 272274,
293294, 305, 306307, 320
Iraq 34, 5, 1617, 2324, 41, 42, 214,
336, 389
Iraq Invasion of Kuwait (19901991)
17, 332
Iraqi Revolution (1958) 24
Ireland 389
Isfahan 238
Islam, Anwarul Islam 148
Islamic architectural traditions 39, 122
123, 144146, 165166, 176180
Islamic Gulf 2
Islamic religion (Shia/Sunni) 6, 31, 38,
39, 78, 82, 122, 139, 217, 249, 269,
296, 348
Isosaki, Arata 120
Education Convention Centre, Doha 120
Israel 6, 238
Italian Renaissance 52, 370371
Jackson, Peter 206
Jacobs, Jane 173
jahani shodan 1
Jaidah, Ibrahim (Arab Engineering
Bureau) 13, 393
Jakarta 29
Jamal, Kamil 41
James Bond-style fantasy 298
Japan 31, 113, 114, 132
Japanese timber architecture 39
Jeddah 65
Jencks, Charles 48
Jews in Persian Gulf region 83, 269
John R. Harris Architects 2527
Building Research Laboratories, Kuwait
25
Doha State Hospital, Qatar 25
National Iranian Oil Company, Tehran
27
offices in Kuwait and Tehran 27
plan for Abu Dhabi 27
plan for Dubai 27

index

Johnson, Phillip 349

Jones, Owen 40
Jones, Steve 388
Judaism 39, 342
Jung, Carl 344
Kafka, Franz 220
Kahn, Louis 252, 344, 390391
Kandinsky, Wassily 343
Kangan 16, 265284, 383
Assalouyeh corridor 269
fish market 272, 275
Kangan Site 270
Mahaleh Arabha (Arab area) 270
Mahaleh Koozehgari (Pottery Area)
270
Municipalitys current master-plan 284
Pardis Trade Centre 275
Pars-e-Jonoubi gas field 269
Sarooj-E-Kangan cement factory 270
Vahdat Street 272, 274, 275
kapar (lightweight roof structures) 273,
276, 281, 282
Karimi, Majid 289
Karun River 214
Kassel film festival 308
Katodrytis, George (StudioNova
Architects) 13, 81, 187, 399
Kattab, Omar, University of Kuwait 4245
Kazakhstan 385
Khobar 57, 61, 62, 63, 64, 67, 69, 70
Khorramshahr 16, 17, 213217, 230238,
311, 383
Khuzestan 213, 235, 236, 237
Kimball, Solon T. 6061
King, Anthony 386
Kish Free Zone Organization 290, 297,
299, 306, 308
Kish Island 9, 10, 16, 275, 287309, 312,
372, 383
Ab Ambar historic well 293
Baghou 294, 305
casino 289, 291, 297, 298
Coastal Village of the Persian Gulf 301

413

Damoon 301302
Dariush Grand Hotel 298
destruction of Mashe (1970s) 296, 299,
302, 304, 306, 308
Dolphin Park 301
Ferdousi Street 289, 291, 297, 305, 307
Harireh 291, 296, 299, 301, 308
inner-ring road 303, 305
Iran Street 297
Kariz water system 291292, 293, 304
Keshti Younanie (Greek ship) 301
master-plan for island (2004) 304, 305
master-plan for island (1998) 303
Mir Mohana 296
New Ideas and Projects for Investment
in Kish 2009 296
New Safein 296, 299, 300
Sadaf Tower 303304
Safein 294296
Sezham 291
Shahs former palace 291, 298, 300,
304
Shahs master-plan for island (1973)
297, 298, 299, 302
Taban Hotel 297
The Flower of the East 298, 302, 303,
304, 308
Twin Towers project 297, 300, 301
Klapeida historic sailing boat regatta 308
KlingStubbins 337, 338
Koolhaas, Rem (Office of Metropolitan
Architecture) 12, 15, 120, 175, 182,
185, 385, 392393, 401
Chinese Central TV Headquarters,
Beijing 385
Kostof, Spiro 45
Krier, Leon and Robert 350351
Kuhne, Eric 52, 176, 180, 182
Kultermann, Udo 46
Kuwait 3, 7, 8, 11, 16, 17, 25, 3753, 214,
243, 296, 336
Kuwait Foundation for Advancement
of Science 329
Kuwaiti government 4142, 4850

414 Architecture and Globalisation in the Persian Gulf Region

Kuwait City 6, 7, 16, 3753, 383

5th Circular Road 51
Al Soor Street 45
Arabian Gulf Road 45
Central Mall 51
Foreign Ministry 50
Grand Mosque 50
Jabriya district 51
National Assembly Building, Kuwait
City (19781982) 4850
Seif Palace 46, 50
Silk City 52
Stock Exchange 50
Tareq Rajab Museum 51
Water Towers (1979) 4546
Kuwait City master-plans (1977, 1983,
1993, 2003) 42
Kuwait Engineering Group 42
Kuwaitis 8, 37, 41, 46, 4950
Lagos 12
Laing 27
landfill artificial islands in Persian Gulf
region 10
Las Vegas 174, 342
Lawrence, T. E. 40
Lawrence of Arabia (1962) 40
Lebanon 23, 114, 364
Le Corbusier 31, 352, 388, 397, 399
LEED sustainability standards (US) 336
Lefaivre, Liane 11, 386, 387
Lefebvre, Henry 387
Legorreta, Ricardo 120
Libya 9
Lichtenstein 8
Liwa 130
liwan (deep shaded colonnade or
balcony) 370, 372, 375
Llewelyn-Davies Weeks Forestier-Walker
& Bor 110
London 33, 123, 159, 389
architectural melting pot 389
Richmond Riverside 349
Tate Modern 389

Los Angeles 52, 110, 342

Louis Berger Group 126
Qatar master-plan (1994 plan) 126
Louisiana 223
Lovelock, James 344
Lulu Islands 97
Luxembourg 8, 350
Ma, Huan 311
Ma, Yo-Yo and Silk Road Ensemble 308
McGhee, George 223, 224
McHarg, Ian 333
McLaughlin, Niall 389
McNeill, Donald 386
Mahgoub, Yasser 42, 5152
majlis or mihman khaneh (communal
meeting/entertaining building used
by neighbours) 294, 368, 369
Makiyah, Mohamed 87
Makhlouf, Abdul Rahman, Director of
Town Planning Department, Abu
Dhabi Emirate (19681976) 134
Makower, Tim 393
Malaysia 355
malqaf (breathing wall, see also windcatcher) 370, 371
Manama 7, 16, 77100, 383, 393394
Bab-al-Bahrain (Bahrain Gate) 8182
Bahrain Bay development 83, 95
Bahrain Financial Harbour 83, 94
Bahrain World Trade Center 95
Hamad Town (1982) 86
Isa Town (1963) 86
Little India 91
Manama Souk 91
National Bank of Bahrain 95
Pearl Square 92
Mangera Yvars 397
Qatar Faculty of Islamic Studies,
Education City, Doha 397
Mansfield, Peter 41
maritime trading patterns in Persian Gulf
region 7, 77, 158, 266, 270, 289, 290,
291, 302, 311, 334

index

Marsh Arabs in southern Iraq 17

Martin, Leslie 46
marzam (expressed rain spout) 372
mashrabiya (oriel window screens) 352,
368, 371
Masjed-e-Soleyman 218
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
394
Massey, Doreen 391
Max Lock and Partners 24
Mecca 39, 65, 217
Medina 65, 217
Mediterranean Sea 9, 38
Mercury Architects 297
Mesopotamia 38, 47
Mexico 399
Middle East 3, 6, 13, 15, 25, 29, 38, 52, 63,
77, 92, 106, 174, 197, 247, 351, 353,
364, 395
Middle East Construction 31
Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig 390
migrant workers in Persian Gulf region
9, 46, 52, 69, 86, 168, 184185, 198,
218220, 271, 314, 317, 323324,
332333
Minoprio and Spencely with F.W.
Macfarlane 24, 41
Mirage Mile 186
Mitchell, Kevin 13
modernist architecture in Persian Gulf
region 107, 110, 115120, 130,
136139, 143144, 297, 298299,
303304, 338341, 348349,
350351, 353357, 361364, 383
modernity/modernisation 27, 6465,
383392
Monaco 8
Mongol attacks in 13th century 39
Morocco 95
Mortada, Hisham 86
Mosadegh, Mohammad 223
Mosul 24
Mount Geno 312
Mount Pooladi 312

415

Mozah bint Nasser, Sheikha 113, 120,

353, 359, 360, 364
Msheireb Properties 123, 328, 336, 359,
361, 381
Muhammad, Prophet 39, 217
Muharraq 81, 8283, 393394
Munif, Abdul Rahman 7
Musandam Peninsula 3, 311, 314
Muscat 287, 307
Naderi, Amir 216
Naficy, Hamid 215
Nasoori Castle, Siraf (now Bandar-eTaheri) 267
Nasser, Gamal Abdel 350
Negri, Antonio 386
neo-patrimonialism 157
Netherlands 10, 221
Neumann, Hans (Perkins & Will
International) 32
Neutra, Richard 387
New South China Mall, Dongguan, China
182
New York
AT&T Building 349
Greenwich Village 173
World Trade Center, terrorist attack on 8
Newton, Isaac 390
Nigeria 114
North Africa 3, 13, 395
Northwest University 120
Norway 8, 395
Nouvel, Jean 48, 117, 143, 392
Nowruz (Persian New Year) 276, 279, 312,
314
nuclear power station in Bushehr 6,
237238, 247
Oak Park, Chicago, USA 37
Oborn, Peter (formerly of Aedas)
395397
oil and gas reserves/drilling 7, 41,
8586, 106, 113, 132, 197, 218220,
330332, 364

416 Architecture and Globalisation in the Persian Gulf Region

Oil Crisis of 19731974 and recession in

western countries 7, 31, 47, 86, 107,
227, 388
Oman 3, 17, 27, 81, 94, 165, 307, 311,
314, 330, 335, 336
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OPEC) 7, 113
Oriental Consultants, Japan 126127
Qatar National Master Plan (2010)
126127
orientalism 37, 3940
orsi (colourful windows) 254
Ottoman Empire 6, 10, 23, 39, 106, 247
Pahlavi dynasty 214215, 216, 218, 227,
259, 291, 297, 298, 299, 300, 302,
304
Pakistan 86, 127, 168
Palestinian labourers in the Persian Gulf
region 34
Pantheon, Rome 371
Passive Downdraft Evaporative Cooling
(PDEC) 355
Pax America 6, 41
Pax Britannica 6
Payeh Mountains 312
pearl diving industry 7, 77, 291, 296, 304
Pei, I.M. 122, 362
Museum of Islamic Art, Doha 122, 362
Pelli, Cesar 120
The Peninsula 126
Pepsi Cola factory, Tehran 215
Pereira, William 110, 115, 361
Perkins & Will International 32
Persian culture and traditions 5, 6, 7, 39,
217, 270, 305
Persian empires 39, 105
Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Research
Centre 317
Philippines 86, 114
Pineda, Francisco D. 89
Portugal 105, 109110
posht (corner buttresses) 294
post-oil economic scenarios 7, 8889

Qahtani tribe 38
Qatar 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 13, 16, 23, 81, 94, 95,
105127, 271, 336, 353, 359381
15th Asian Games in Qatar (2006) 113
Al Khor 377
Al Wakrah 371, 372
Green Building Council 126, 336
Independence from Britain (1971) 106
Jebel al Jessassiyah 377
Protection treaty with Britain (1916) 106
Qatar Foundation 120, 329, 359
Qatar Permanent Constitution (2003)
113
Qatari Diar 115, 125
Urban Planning and Development
Authority 113, 126
World Cup tournament in Qatar (2022)
113, 336
Qatari cultural identity 8, 113, 114126,
339, 361, 362363, 367, 393
Qatar Pilot Plant (part of Sahara Forest
Project), Doha 395
Qatif 57, 64, 72
Qawassim tribe 198
Qeshm Island 312, 383
Radcliffe Camera, Oxford 388
Rafsanjani, Hashemi 220
Raglan Squire and Partners 24, 29
Ramadan 46, 184, 279
Rapaport, Amos 78
Ras Al-Khaimah 198, 314
Rashedi, Ahmad 279
Rath, Jan 89
red tide/green tide algae pollution in
Persian Gulf 317, 332
Regional Organization for the Protection
of the Marine Environment (ROPME)
11, 330, 332, 333, 336
Ricoeur, Paul 351
Riyadh 64, 94, 336
Atomic Energy City 336
master-plan by Constantinos Doxiadis
(19681973) 64

index

Roman Empire 3839, 348, 371

Romania 4
Ronchamp 352
Rowe, Jill (John R. Harris Architects) 25
Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA)
conference on Gulf States (1977) 23
conference on Persian Gulf region
(2009) 1, 2, 10, 15
RIBA Journal 33
Russia 4, 24, 114, 168, 215, 247, 387
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(USSR) 24, 215
Rybczynski, Witold 67
Saarinen, Eliel 390
Safavid dynasty 6, 311
Samarra, Iraq 122
San Diego 399
Sassanid dynasty 217, 243
Sassen, Saskia 389
Saudi Arabia 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 16, 24, 41, 52,
5773, 82, 92, 109, 168, 225, 336, 397
Green Building Council 336
Mile High Tower project, near Jeddah
52
Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs
(MOMRA) 64
oil discovered in Dharhan (1938) 24,
31, 5758
Real Estate Development Fund (REDF)
64
Saudi Arabian government 29, 31,
6162, 64
Saudi domestic life 5863, 6465, 67
Scarpa, Carlo 352
Scott Brownrigg and Turner 32
Abu Dhabi Trade Centre 32
offices in Doha and Dubai 32
Second World War 7, 2324, 41, 85, 106,
214
Shah of Iran 24, 214215, 216, 218, 227,
259, 297, 298, 299, 302
Shahandeh, Behzad 287
Shaheed Rajaee 313

417

shahrak (gated housing) 230

Shakhbout, Sheikh 132
shanasheel (projecting bay window) 370,
372
Shanghai 159
Sharjah 16, 27, 197209, 313, 383, 399
Al-Arsa market 198
Al-Falaj 200
Al-Khan Lagoon 203
Al-Khour Creek 204
Al-Layyeh 200
Al-Mamzar Lagoon 203
Al-Mujarrah 200
Al-Qasbaa Canal 204
Al-Sharq 200
Al-Sour (city wall) 198
Al-Uruba Road 200
Al-Zahraa Square 201
American University of Sharjah 13,
399
Corniche Road 205
Khalid Lagoon 204
Maysaloon 200
Port Khalid 205
Sharjah Airport 200
Sharjah master-plan by Sir William
Halcrow & Partners (1968) 200, 205
Sharjah conservation pressures in historic
district 201203
Sharjah Emirate 197209
independence from Britain (1972) 200
Protection treaty signed with British
Empire 198
Shatt Al-Arab (see Arvand River)
Shell Oil 106
Shenzhen 12
Shiber, George 165
Shiraz 238, 271
Shiva, Vandana 349
shopping malls in Dubai 163164,
173193
sikka (narrow lane) 117, 366, 369, 372,
378, 379
Silk Route 38, 289

418 Architecture and Globalisation in the Persian Gulf Region

Singapore 175, 182

Sirjan 312
Sizdah-Bedar 279
Skidmore Owings and Merrill (SOM) 52
Smithson, Alison and Peter
Kuwait Government Buildings project
4647
solid sea concept applied to Persian
Gulf 9
Sorkin, Michael 12, 99
South-East Asia 9, 174, 313
Soviet Union (see Russia)
Spain 39, 189, 343
Seville Expo (1992) 355
Stanley, Bruce 13
Stiglitz, Joseph 386
Strait of Hormuz 4, 6, 311
Suez Canal 106, 313
Suez War (1956) 106
Sullivan, Louis 40
Sustainable City Conference, Rio de
Janeiro (2000) 99
sustainable design in Persian Gulf region
16, 9899, 126, 217, 231238, 284,
329345, 347357, 359381
Switzerland 8, 163, 389
Syria 23, 356
Syston Rolling Shutters 33
Taj Mahal 388
Tanzania 389
Tash Bad (Fire Wind) 268
Tasoua-Ashoura 279
Taylor Woodrow 27
Tehran 27, 215, 247, 271, 297
Terry, Quinlan 349
Texas 7, 223
Texas A&M University 120
Thailand 86
Thesiger, Wilfred 40
Tigris River 5, 213, 330
Tijuana 399
Till, Jeremy 284
Tnnies, Ferdinand 162

tourism in the Persian Gulf region

8990, 174, 187189, 287309, 312,
313314, 320, 323
Tower of Babel 52
Trans-Asian Railway (a.k.a. Iron Silk Road)
313
Trench, Richard 131
Trevor Dannatt and Partners 2931
Riyadh Conference Centre 29
Trucial States 131, 132133
maritime truce drawn up with British
Empire 131
withdrawal by Britain (1968) 132133
Tschumi, Bernard 187
Tuchman, Maurice 343
Tudeh Party (Communist Party in Iran)
223
Tunisia 9, 29, 92, 189
Turkey 95, 105, 227
Tzonis, Alexander 11, 386, 387
UAE Ecological Footprint Initiative (in
conjunction with the Living Planet
Report 2010) 160
UNESCO 203
United Arab Emirates (UAE) 3, 6, 7, 8, 10,
16, 37, 48, 92, 129153, 155170,
197209, 271, 312, 314, 329, 336, 337
Central Bank 142
formation of United Arab Emirates
(1971) 133
Ministry of Culture, Youth and
Community Development 163
Ministry of Environment & Water 160
United Kingdom (see Britain)
United Nations (UN) 2, 11, 284, 330, 336,
387
United States of America 6, 8, 27, 3132,
52, 61, 114, 181, 185, 215, 216,
223224, 227, 230, 238, 246247,
343, 356, 385, 387388, 399
economic sanctions against Iran 227,
246247
ending of US hegemony 387388

index

Lend Lease agreements (1945) 24

political policy in Persian Gulf region
3132, 223224, 227
US Air Force in Qatar 4
US Navy in Bahrain 4
urban planning in Persian Gulf region 16,
4142, 6163, 6771, 8688, 123
126, 134137, 205208, 299300,
307308, 359381, 394
Utzon, Jorn 4850
National Assembly Building, Kuwait
City (19781982) 4850
Vale, Lawrence 49
Venice 125
Virginia Commonwealth University 120
wadi (old waterway) 123
wahdad-i-wujud (unity of existence) 343
The Wall Street Journal 159
Watts, Bill 395
Wharton, Annabel 29
White Young and Partners, Qatar/London
23
Whitman, Walt 343
Wilson, James M. 229, 233
wind-catcher (badgir or malqaf) 82, 253,
293, 319, 347348, 371
danshals (projecting timber beams)
371, 372
World Bank 8, 318

419

World Cup tournament in Qatar (2022)

113, 336
World Trade Organization 113
World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) 160
Wright, Frank Lloyd 37, 40, 47, 5153,
345
Broadacre City 40
Cultural Quarter project, Baghdad
(19571959) 47
Johnson Wax Administration Building
51
Mile High Tower project (1956) 5153
Opera House project, Baghdad
(19571959) 47
Textile-block houses 40
X-Architects 394
Ain Al-Fayda National Housing
Proposal for Al Ain 394
Xeritown master-plan for a 60-hectare
sustainable desert city 394
Yalda Night 279
Yarwood, John R. 85
Yazd 238
Yeang, Ken 355
Yemeni town houses 42
Zagros Mountains 266
Zionism 41
Zoroastrianism 249, 258