4 - Kerskes Seasonal TES PDF

Institute for Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering
Research and Testing Centre for Thermal Solar Systems (TZS)
Forschungs- und Testzentrum fr Solaranlagen
Seasonal Thermal Storage

State of the Art and Future Aspects
www.itw.uni-stuttgart.de
H. Kerskes
Institute for Thermodynamic and
Thermal Engineering (ITW)
Universitt Stuttgart
Pfaffenwaldring 6
70550 Stuttgart
Internet: www.itw.uni-stuttgart.de
RHC Workshop on Thermal Energy Storage - February 10, 2011 - Brussels
in cooperation with

Outline
Small scale seasonal thermal energy storage

for single and multifamily houses
Large scale seasonal thermal energy storage

solar assisted districted heating systems

Relevance of seasonal thermal energy storage

state of the art
new developments
future aspects
in cooperation with

Small solar thermal combisystems

Typical size of solar
combisystems
10 -20 m collector area

750- 1500 l tank volume

solar fraction 15 30%
2006
2008
2000
> 20
50 %
market share (Germany)
in cooperation with

Market development of solar thermal systems
in Germany (source BSW)

in cooperation with

Waste of Heat
12.900.000 m collector area installed in Germany
9.7 GW peak power installed
approx 30 % = 2.9 GW on solar thermal combi systems
typical stagnation time of combisystems 200 h/a
2.9 GW * 200 h/a * 0.3 = 175 GWh/a = 175 000 000 kWh/a of heat
not used, enough for 100.000 people
Reason: low heat demand in summer, no long term storage capacity
Solution: seasonal heat storage

in cooperation with

Small scale seasonal thermal storage

Solarhouse 50+ : the next standard
high solar fraction > 50%
large collector areas
30 m to 60 m
large hot water storage tanks

6.000 to 10.000 litres
Quelle: Sonnenhausinstitut e.V.
in cooperation with

State of the Art

large steel tanks
new buildings: insertion during construction phase
building stock: on site welding of steel tank
17,5 m3 Speicher; Quelle: http://www.jenni.ch/

in cooperation with
7

New developments
Large hot water storage tanks
cylindrical polymeric tanks
on site fabrication, laminating
volumes: 10 - 40 m
Tank Fa. Haase; Quelle: http://www.ichbin2.de/waermespeicher.html
in cooperation with
8

New developments
Large hot water storage tanks
steel frame with polymeric panels
pressure less tank
in situ construction and sealing
cubical shaped tank
space efficient
well fitted to localities
in cooperation with
9

Future hot water stores

modular concepts / ideal for building stock
very flexible in design
easy to install
well insulated (VIP)
perfect temperature stratification

pre fabricated containers
polymeric tank materials
cost efficient by industrial
manufacturing of modules
in cooperation with
10

Heat Storage Technologies

storage
thermal
sensible
heat
thermo chemical
latent
heat
liquid
solid
water
rock
aquifer
heat of
reaction
solid-liquid
melting
liquid-vapour
evaporation
Thermo-chemical heat stores

- first developments in adsorption processes
- first approaches with chemical reactions
in cooperation with


Solarhouse 50+
Targets for solar systems:
significant decrease in
storage size, collector size
and system costs
next improvements
Quelle: Sonnenhausinstitut e.V.
in cooperation with


Solarhouse 50++
and system costs

Adsorption Heat Stores
half of collector area
half of storage volume
in cooperation with


Solarhouse 50 super+
and system costs

Chemical Heat Stores
half of collector area
1/5 of storage volume
in cooperation with

Advantage of thermo-chemical heat storage

high energy density
almost loss free heat storage
storage energy density
Water *
factor
60 kWh/m
Latent
50 -120 kWh/m
12
Adsorption
120 - 180 kWh/m
23
Reaction
200 - 600 kWh/m
4 10
* with T = 50 K
disadvantages: high power output difficult

high regeneration temperature (120 180C)
in cooperation with

Potential study - simulation results
Energy savings
comparison of
hot water storage
and TCM storage
(storage density 250 kWh/m)
in cooperation with

Conclusion Small Scale Storage

Large hot water stores are well introduced to the market
Further improvements of hot water stores
-reduction of heat losses / innovative insulation materials
-optimized charging and discharging unit / stratification devices
-cost reduction / polymeric tank materials, industrial manufacturing
-integration into building / modular concepts
Thermo-chemical heat storage is basic research

Requirements for accelerated development
- research on storage material
- research on system design
- demonstration projects
in cooperation with

Large scale seasonal thermal storage

flat plateFlachkollektoren
collectors
central heating
Heizzentrale
plant
Gas
BrennwertKessel
Wrmeberheat transfer
gabestation
substation
Wrmenetz
solar
Saisonaler
seasonal
thermal Solarnetz
network
Wrmespeicher
energy store
heat distribution
network
Central Solar Heating Plant with Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage (CSHPSTES)
in cooperation with

Renewable heat production

Regenerative Wrmeerzeugung
Scenario
sustainability
Germany
- Szenario
NACHHALTIGKEIT,
Deutschland 1.500
1.373
1.250
Geothermie
1.151
Endenergie, [ PJ/a ]
REG-Strom
fr Wrme
Kollektoren
Nahwrme
Kollektoren
Einzelanlagen
Biomasse
Nahwrme
Biomasse
Einzelheizung
1.000
844
750
563
500
307
250
172
0
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
Quelle: DLR, ITT
in cooperation with

Concepts of Large Scale Seasonal Thermal Energy Stores

Storage capacity:
Q
V
hot water tank thermal energy store (HW TES)
60-80 KWh/m
Erdsonden-Wrmespeicher
borehole thermal energy store (BTES)
15-30 KWh/m
= c(max-min)
pit thermal energy store (PTES)
~55 KWh/m
aquifer-thermal energy store (ATES)
30-40 KWh/m
in cooperation with

Types of seasonal thermal energy stores features (1)
tank thermal energy store (HW)
+
+
+
+
(-)
-
high thermal capacity (water) 70 kWh/m

high dis-/charging power
freedom of design (geometry)
thermal stratification
limited size (< 100 000 m)
high construction costs
pit thermal energy store (PTES)

+ reasonable construction costs
+ medium (gravel-water) to high (water)
thermal capacity 40 50 kWh/m
+ nearly unlimited store dimensions
(-) sophisticated cover (water)
- limited freedom of design (slope angle)
in cooperation with

Types
of seasonal thermal energy stores features (2)
Erdsonden-Wrmespeicher
borehole thermal energy store (BTES)
+
+
-
low construction costs

easily extendable
low thermal capacity 15 30 kWh/m
low (dis-)charging power, buffer required,
heat pump recommended
limited choice of locations
no thermal insulation at side and bottom
aquifer-thermal energy store (ATES)

+ very low construction costs
(+) medium thermal capacity 30 40 kWh/m
(-) operation (low/medium (dis-) charging power,
heat pump recommended)
- very limited choice of locations
- no thermal insulation
in cooperation with

Future large scale seasonal thermal energy store
Future characteristics
very cheap / < 50 /m
sealing by polymeric foil
free flowing evacuated insulation
material
Source: ITW
in cooperation with
Source: ITW


Future characteristics
pit hot water store
filled with water and/or thermochemical storage materials
commercial products
self supporting cover

modular system
size steps of 5000 m
up to any size
in cooperation with

Retro fitted houses

Solar renovation of
apartment building
18 flats
350 m solar roof
Solar combisystem
Crailsheim, Germany Quelle: ITW

in cooperation with

2. Erweiterung
3. extension
2. extension
1. Erweiterung
+ 360 Sonden
Retro fitted houses

with easily extendable
borehole TES in any size
1.extension
Forschungsspeicher
in cooperation with

Future Borehole thermal energy stores
in cooperation with

Costs of seasonal thermal energy stores
investition costs per m water equivalent

[/m]
/m]
500
Ilmenau
realized
study
hot water (HW)
gravel-water (KW)
BTES
Rottweil
450
Crailsheim
400
350
Steinfurt
Kettmannhausen
300
Hannover
250
Hamburg
200
Eggenstein
150
Bielefeld
Berlin-
Mnchen
100
Chemnitz
Friedrichshafen
Neckarsulm
50
Potsdam
Rostock
0
100
1.000
(Crailsheim)
10.000
100.000
storage volume in m water equivalent [m]

in cooperation with
source: Solites

Conclusion Large scale

Large seasonal heat stores are feasible and work,
very high solar fractions are achievable
solar heat costs depend on - size of the system
- system technology
- boundary conditions
- solar fraction
Further improvement of STES technology

- reduction of construction costs
- improvement of energy efficiency
reduction of heat losses
- increased storage density
Requirements: accelerated market development
Goal: Market capability of STES until 2020
in cooperation with

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Institute for Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering

Research and Testing Centre for Thermal Solar Systems (TZS)

Forschungs- und Testzentrum fr Solaranlagen

Seasonal Thermal Storage

RHC Workshop on Thermal Energy Storage - February 10, 2011 - Brussels

Institute for Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering

Forschungs- und Testzentrum fr Solaranlagen

Small scale seasonal thermal energy storage

for single and multifamily houses

Large scale seasonal thermal energy storage

solar assisted districted heating systems

Relevance of seasonal thermal energy storage

RHC Workshop on Thermal Energy Storage - February 10, 2011 - Brussels

Institute for Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering

Forschungs- und Testzentrum fr Solaranlagen

Small solar thermal combisystems

10 -20 m collector area

750- 1500 l tank volume

Institute for Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering

Forschungs- und Testzentrum fr Solaranlagen

Market development of solar thermal systems

in Germany (source BSW)

Institute for Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering

Forschungs- und Testzentrum fr Solaranlagen

not used, enough for 100.000 people

Reason: low heat demand in summer, no long term storage capacity

Solution: seasonal heat storage

Institute for Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering

Forschungs- und Testzentrum fr Solaranlagen

Small scale seasonal thermal storage

large hot water storage tanks

Quelle: Sonnenhausinstitut e.V.

RHC Workshop on Thermal Energy Storage - February 10, 2011 - Brussels

Institute for Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering

Forschungs- und Testzentrum fr Solaranlagen

State of the Art

17,5 m3 Speicher; Quelle: http://www.jenni.ch/

Institute for Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering

Forschungs- und Testzentrum fr Solaranlagen

Institute for Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering

Forschungs- und Testzentrum fr Solaranlagen

well fitted to localities

RHC Workshop on Thermal Energy Storage - February 10, 2011 - Brussels

Institute for Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering

Forschungs- und Testzentrum fr Solaranlagen

Future hot water stores

perfect temperature stratification

Institute for Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering

Forschungs- und Testzentrum fr Solaranlagen

Heat Storage Technologies

Thermo-chemical heat stores

RHC Workshop on Thermal Energy Storage - February 10, 2011 - Brussels

Institute for Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering

Forschungs- und Testzentrum fr Solaranlagen

Small scale seasonal thermal storage

and system costs

RHC Workshop on Thermal Energy Storage - February 10, 2011 - Brussels

Institute for Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering

Forschungs- und Testzentrum fr Solaranlagen

Small scale seasonal thermal storage

and system costs

RHC Workshop on Thermal Energy Storage - February 10, 2011 - Brussels

Institute for Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering