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Velocity
Displacement : x x 2 x 1
x
x1
t
t1
t2
Average velocity : v
x / t
x dx
t 2 t 1 , t 0 and
v
t
dt
derrivative of x relative to y
Average Accelerati on : a
v v2 v1
t t 2 t1
dv
Instantane ous Accelerati on : a
dt
-ive
position x
steep -ive
acceleration a
time
velocity v
Quiz
A rubber ball is dropped and bounces twice from the floor
before it is caught. (Take x to be upwards, and x=0 at the
floor.)
At the highest point of the first bounce, v and a are:
a) both nonzero
V= 0
but a is always acting on objects
10
Quiz
A particle (in one dimension) is initially moving.
A few seconds later it has stopped (not moving).
During that time interval:
a) The particles average acceleration is positive
b) The particles average acceleration is negative
ctive
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a constant
v(t ) at v0
x(t )
2
v0t x0
a
t
2
derravitive if you up
integral if you go down
v 2 v0 2a( x x0 )
QUESTION ???
v v0 x x0= d
v
2
t
12
a g 9.80 m / s 2 [downwards]
This was demonstrated by Galileo around 1600 A.D.
g is called the acceleration due to gravity or the
gravitational field of the Earth.
13
But:
g varies slightly with location and height, about
0.03 m/s2 over the surface of the Earth, and up to
higher speed = more air
a few kilometers above
displacment
if air resistance is significant, we dont really have
so fast air friction so large acelleration ceses and you reach terminal V
free fall.
14
Quiz
A block is dropped from rest. It takes a time t1 to
fall the first third of the distance. How long does it
take to fall the entire distance?
a) 3t1
A
because it accelerates thus b and c are false
b) 3t1
c) 9t1
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Quiz
You throw a set of keys up to a window 4.9m above
you. If the keys just make it to your friend on a balcony
1.0s later, what was their initial velocity ?
B
a) 40 m/s
b) 9.8 m/s
c) 4.5 m/s
v v0 x x0= d
v
2
t
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