SELECTION OF PROJECT

Basically a Green surrounding is one which uses less water, optimizes energy efficiency,
conserves natural resources, generates less waste and provides healthier spaces for occupants, as
compared to a conventional surrounding. Green surrounding can also be defined as a surrounding
which maintains its room temperature at minimal cost.
Green surrounding is still a future concept in India but we still not have understood its
importance. This green concept needs to expand in the whole country very quickly if we want
our future generation to enjoy the comforts that we are enjoying. Although green surrounding is
not an ultimate solution to the environmental problems but we can still save 20 to 40 % energy of
per day usage. Constructing or retrofitting a surrounding for making it green refers to adoption of
new techniques that help to maintain inside temperature at a minimum cost for example by
proper surrounding orientation. Although green surrounding needs proper guidance for its
construction and construction cost is also higher than conventional surrounding but its running
cost is very low. In India this concept is gaining momentum and already few surroundings have
adopted this green technique and have started seeing its results. Government needs to realize the
importance of this energy efficient plan. The government should pass a law by which this
concept can be made mandatory and should draft a common code for it by which a common
person can also avail the benefits. Almost 95% population of India is unaware of this excellent
concept so we need to create awareness in the mass by any means because we dont have any
other option to save the environment from degradation. Green surrounding is a concept idea
incorporating a wide spectrum of solutions and best-practices. Though green surrounding is
interpreted in many different ways, common opinions that they should be designed and operated
to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural
environment by:
Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources
Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity
Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation

SOME BASIC GREEN SURROUNDING TECHNIQUES

Some of basic techniques by which surroundings can be made to achieve this green target are as
follows:
Solar active design makes use of some mechanical device such as solar panels that collect and
absorb solar radiations and then transform this energy into some other form of energy. Solar
active design is very much expensive in initial cost but it compensate in long run. There are
many factors which influence the use of active solar design such as climatic condition, site
layout, and financial feasibility etc. active solar design is still a new concept and is very
expensive and till now it is out of reach of common man. Determine the financial feasibility of
an active solar system. Consider the life cycle costs of both solar and mechanical systems for upfront costs, operation costs, and maintenance.
Determine an appropriate location for solar collectors on or near the surrounding. Locate solar
collectors to maximize exposure to sun (dependent upon latitude and seasonal usage). Avoid
shading from vegetation or adjacent structures. Select locations that reduce chances of
vandalism. Be conscious of and mediate potential low angle glare from solar panels.
Design collectors to withstand all weather conditions. Specify glass that can withstand severe
precipitation (i.e. storms) and supporting structures that can withstand extreme wind events.
Design and locate collectors to maintain a clean surface and facilitate cleaning. Design structures
that can hold maintenance staff.
Minimize heat losses from the system. Locate collectors near storage systems. Insulate
distribution lines. Avoid over-designing to ensure the longevity of an active solar system.
Minimize controls and maintenance. Maximize accessibility to collectors, distribution lines, and
storage systems.
Solar active design is a better option than solar passive design but needs more monetary
feedings.
Some common solar active devices are -:
o Solar water heaters
o Solar enabled street lamps
o Solar powered dehumidifiers

o Solar power plant

THE IMPORTANCE OF GREENING SURROUNDINGS

Greening or reforesting is not only useful for improving the quality of health and beauty.
Reforestation is also able to reduce the risk of fire.
The fire that burns itself is because no media that can withstand the heat of the earth. For
example, the fire in the warehouse came from the pile of goods. Piles of goods in the warehouse
over time remove the heat. Because there is nothing to absorb the heat, the fire had come.
The trees, is the media that absorbs heat released earth. Thus, there are piles of goods in the
warehouse fire is not sparked.
Realizing the importance of greening the environment, in developed country campaign for
citizens to do reforestation, at least in the front yard of each. Its mean that one person, one tree.
But, in one house, at least one tree.
In addition, it also gives regular tree to the citizens. The government should give various kinds of
trees that is given to the public every few months.
Greening program is not only supported the authorities concerned. Party shopping center have to
do the same thing. Through the Go Green program, they should distribute seeds and planting
trees in the neighborhood mall. Shared tree types vary, ranging from the seeds of leafy plants, to
plants.
In addition to planting trees, it is also conducted emission tests on a regular basis. They also can
appeal to the visitors into green shopper using the shopping bag that is environmentally friendly
and can be used in multiple times.

OBJECTIVES

The main aim of established green society of India to be a healthy world

Environment Protection

Plantation to Maximum tree to protection the environment in entire India as well as entire
world. The target of the society is to plant trees equal to world Population.

To make a pollution free earth

To creates environmental awareness, among the people

To aware encrage and educate the people for plantation the trees and about protection the
environment.

Distribution the trees free of cost and public place, like school, college, cinemas rail and
bus station, market etc.

To arrange and organize environmental educational program time to time

To educate and encrage the people about environment protection through road shows,
literature poster banner, advertisement , publication, nukkad, nattak (Drama)

To organize events like seminar conference exhibitions related to environment

To Publish and print, environment related books magazine news bulletin and other
publication.

To organize academic program related to environment like certificate course, diploma

course full time or part time.

To organize establish and open libraries reading room for the use of society/members

To organize health fair for the general public.

To Organize treatment camp for suffering animals

To control the animal population by sterilization of street animal

To Make the shelter, food arrangement , veterinary help for street animal

To approach the concerned authorities for taking health to protect the environment.

To approach state Govt. Central Govt. united nation for the healthy environment.

To provide lecture by the expert team of prayavaranwid, socialist, Journalists, political

leader, professional any public face. To the general public.

To help and assist poor and needy residents and their families during emergencies such as
flood, war, earth quack and rains.

Suggestion to the government that environmental education should be compulsory at

school and college level.

To organize program for school, college with the purpose of plantation the trees.

To do such other things / act /activities which are necessary and which may be incidental
or conductive to the attainment of any of the object of the society.

To developing clean eco-tourism

To establish greeneries where ever possible.

Research and development of eco-friendly systems

Studies of various environmental issues. It takes various monitoring studies on air water,
soil, food and their impact on human health.

Activities mainly address to protection of environment

Tree Farming and tree plantation

METHODOLOGIES OF GREEN SURROUNDINGS

It is not difficult to see that green spaces are valuable in highly urbanised settings. There are
numerous benefits in being able to access green spaces including recreational opportunities,
aesthetic enjoyment, environmental and agricultural functions, as well as value from preserving
open spaces for future generations (Brander and Koetse, 2011).
However, as green spaces typically have public good characteristics, they tend to be
underprovided in the absence of policy intervention (Kotchen and Powers, 2006; Smith et al,
2002), due to an inability to calculate exactly how much we value these types of assets.
Economists have developed a number of techniques to evaluate the value of environmental
assets, but the values produced by each technique can vary noticeably. The most commonly used

techniques employed by economists in the literature are hedonic pricing models (HPM),
contingent valuation studies (CVM) and travel cost analyses (TCM).
A hedonic pricing model(HPM) estimates the impact of economic value that parks and
environmental variables to market prices. This is most commonly seen in housing prices, where
it is assumed the price of houses reflect the characteristics of that house, including its access to
particular environmental assets.
Unlike other valuation methods such as the travel cost method and the contingent valuation
method, hedonic pricing does not rely on survey data, and instead uses property data, which is
typically more robust.
Examples

Although there have been many studies using HPMs, the studies display wide variation in their
characteristics with respect to model specification, sample size, study area and time period.
Brander and Koetse (2011) collected more than 52 hedonic pricing studies on open space, and
performed a meta-analysis on the results of 12 of those studies. They found that house prices
demonstrated an average increase in house price of 0.1% when they are 10 m closer to open
space. However, they found this relationship is non-linear; increases in house prices are stronger
the closer the house is to the green space. These findings reveal that the further a house is located
from open space, the smaller the price effect of moving closer to the open space. This implies
that HPMs largely capture personal consumption values, and that aspects such as preservation for
future generations are not as significant a factor.
Other papers have looked at more specific questions using hedonic pricing models, such as the
value of tree cover (McPherson et al, 2011), the value of bodies of water (Kerstens et al, 2004)
and the value of farmland (Johnston et al, 2001), all of which have found positive relationships
between sale price and greater accessibility to the environmental asset.
Method

As with all regressions, the first step is to collect data. In the case of a hedonic pricing model,
this would be the selling price and location of residential properties in the area, as well as the
details of the qualities of each house that would affect the selling price, including a number of
property and neighbourhood characteristics. Included in this would be the accessibility and
proximity to an environmental asset.
This data is then regressed against the house price, and the relationship between housing price
and the key environmental attributes is defined.

Potential issues

Hedonic pricing will only capture benefits from environmental assets insofar as they
affect housing prices.

The results depend heavily on the model specification.

Hedonic pricing is generally more suited to general questions as opposed to a more

specific valuation. The value of parks on housing prices in general would be easier for the
model to identify as opposed to the value of a particular park, as there would be less
pertinent data.

OBSERVATIONS
Green spaces are a great benefit to our environment. They filter pollutants and dust from the air,
they provide shade and lower temperatures in urban areas, and they even reduce erosion of soil
into our waterways. These are just a few of the environmental benefits that green spaces provide.
Urban advantages. More green space within a citys boundaries can improve the urban
environment. Among the green space advantages listed in EcoPlanIT Madison: Green Space
Goal (UW-Madison Department of Urban and Regional Planning) are: helping regulate air
quality and climatereducing energy consumption by countering the warming effects of paved
surfaces.recharging groundwater supplies and protecting lakes and streams from polluted
runoff.1
Water quality protection. Proper landscaping reduces nitrate leaching from the soil into the
water supply and reduces surface water runoff, keeping phosphorus and other pollutants out of
our waterways and preventing septic system overload.2
Reduced heat buildup. Trees in a parking lot can reduce on-site heat buildup, decrease runoff
and enhance night time cool downs. Tests in a mall parking lot in Huntsville, Ala. showed a 31
degree difference between shaded and unshaded areas.
Reduced soil erosion. A dense cover of plants and mulch holds soil in place, keeping sediment
out of lakes, streams, storm drains and roads; and reducing flooding, mudslides and dust storms.4
Improved air quality. Trees, shrubs and turf remove smoke, dust and other pollutants from the
air. One tree can remove 26 pounds of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere annually, equaling
11,000 miles of car emissions. One study showed that one acre of trees has the ability to remove
13 tons of particles and gases annually.5 2,500 square feet of turf absorbs carbon dioxide from
the atmosphere and releases enough oxygen for a family of four to breathe.6
Lower attic temperatures. Trees shading homes can reduce attic temperatures as much as 40
degrees. According to the EPA, urban forests reduce urban air temperatures significantly by
shading heat sinks such as buildings and concrete and returning humidity to the air through
evaporative cooling.7
Natural resource conservation. By using trees to modify temperatures, the amount of fossil
fuels used for cooling and heating is reduced. Properly placed deciduous trees reduce house
temperatures in the summer, allowing air conditioning units to run 2 to 4 percent more
efficiently. The trees also allow the sun to warm the house in the winter.8

Green roofs cool urban hot spots. Led by cities such as Chicago and Toronto, as well as a
number of universities, evidence is mounting that green roofs (i.e. roofs totally or partially
covered with vegetation) can play an important role in saving energy, reducing the urban heat
island effect and adding more green space to a built environment.9

Analysis
The intensification of environmental impacts stemming from local and global climate change
represents one of the main challenges faced in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century. It
is known that the Earths climate is dynamic and undergoes constant change, due to natural
causes which alter the atmospheric composition. However, human beings, through their
activities, intensify this process in an accelerated manner, accentuating global temperatures,
primarily through the concentration of gases in the atmosphere that cause the greenhouse effect.
The consequences of global warming in big cities tend to increase with expanding urbanization
because, as pointed out by Miller (1976), cities modify the climate, mainly through changes in
surfaces, rugosity and atmospheric composition, resulting in higher air temperatures,
modification of ventilation, decreased humidity and increased precipitation. Due to lack of
adequate environmental planning in cities, there is greater potential for extreme climate
situations, such as floods and heat waves.
The use of vegetation in cities, in order to mitigate climate conditions, constitutes an important
strategy to prevent the concentration of energy and promote energy efficiency in buildings.
According to Gartland (2010), vegetation reduces the formation of urban heat islands, mainly
through two factors: shading and evapotranspiration. The shading of urban surfaces helps reduce
surface temperature and, consequently, radiant temperature as well. Evapotranspiration, in turn,
uses part of the solar energy connected with evaporation. Shading, in particular, is an important
strategy for reducing temperature. The ideal solution is when this is provided by vegetation.
However, combinations such as shading grassy surfaces through built structures also result in
temperature reduction (SHASHUA-BAR ET AL., 2009). In this regard, several studies have
been conducted in recent years to explore, quantify and/or recommend more efficient ways to incorporate green areas into urban environments (BARTHOLOMEI, 2003;
ABREU, 2008). However, as pointed out by Chang et al (2007), there is little scientific
information available regarding the most appropriate ways to harness the climatic benefits
provided by these green areas.
The climatic influence of a forest upon its immediate surroundings was studied by Fontes and
Debin (2002) in the city of Bauru/Brazil, using hourly mobile measurements from 7 am to 6 pm,
at two points within the green area and another seven in its surrounding area. The authors noted
that early in the morning there were no major differences between the green area and its surround
ings. However, from 9 am on, differences occurred, reaching 2C between the inner points of the
green area and its immediate surroundings, and up to 4C in relation to the farthest points. It was
also found that heat differences in the surfaces resulted in substantial climatic variations, with
locations shaded by trees and exposed to local winds presenting lower temperatures. The
treatment and analysis of the data were performed in three stages: a) description of the local
physical characteristics of each data collection point; b) comparing the behavior of the hourly
temperature and relative air humidity averages between the points in the urban settings, inside
the Forest and at Castro Pinto Airport; and c) assessing the behavior of the daily temperature and
humidity ranges, simultaneously at all the collection points.
It was initially observed that the daily air temperature and humidity curves were similar in
behavior during both data collections periods, with the same minimum and maximum
temperature times occurring at 5 am and 1 pm, respectively, while the behavior of the relative air
humidity curve was inversely proportional to that of temperature, as expected.

CONCLUSION
Until recently environmental issue has been largely ignored in conventional economic analysis
and decision-making, whose main objective has generally focused on profit maximization. the
environmental system is a key development factor and that it has a finite capacity to provide for
human needs; in economic terms, it is a scarce resource. Though scarcity of environmental
resources and services may be very high in certain regions of the world, the economic value
generally placed on them is often underestimated and close to zero. In many cases this has led to
an unsustainable path of economic growth.
It is also stressed that evidence does not provide a clear response to the question of whether
economic growth and environment protection and conservation are conflicting or complementary
goals. Rather it shows that trade-offs and complementarities depend on various other factors such
as: the scale and the structure of the economic and the social systems, technology, efficiency with
which natural resources are used.
Economic, environmental and social dimensions of sustainable development
In addition it is pointed out that economic and environmental issues are two important but not
absolute conditions for ensuring a sustainable development. A third dimension, the social
dimension, has also to be accounted for because humans are integral parts of ecosystems.
Humans and ecosphere are partners in ensuring a good quality of life. It follows that protecting
natural resources, their composition, structure, and functions, is protecting humans and life on
earth.
Finally, it is argued that as not all of these objectives can be maximized, it is important that tradeoffs among them are analysed and made clear and that any decision-making focusing on one or
two of these dimensions may not lead to sustainable development.
In the last decades substantial improvements have been achieved in the general knowledge of
environment-economy interactions from both the scientific/technical and economic viewpoint,
including how future generations can be accounted for in decision-making. Considerable work
has also been undertaken to analyse the interactions between some social aspects and natural
resources depletion, though more investigation is still required in this area. Further investigation
is also needed to understand and measure the interactions occurring simultaneously between the
three dimensions.
As a result of this work, decision-making in development planning activity has also undergone
substantial changes in terms of both the general approach to decision-making and the analytical
techniques and tools.