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DATA PAGE
Linear regression derivation
Y = a1 + a2X

Y X X XY

N X X
2

a1

a2

N XY X Y
N X 2 X

Mean diameter of a particulate system based on length

x
d
d length
where x mass fraction
x
d2
Mean diameter of a particulate system based on surface area
1
d surface
where x mass fraction
x
d
Comminution

Von Rittingers law of crushing

Kicks law of crushing
L
E K K f c ln 1
L2
Bonds law of crushing
10W i 10W i
W

P
F
Particle Technology

General expression for free settling ratio

dA B f

dB A f

1
1

L2 L1

E fRKR

Where

Stokes law 50 m

Intermediate 50 m 5000 m
Newtons law 5000m

n = 0.5
0.5 < n < 1
n=1

Hydrocyclone
Partition curve model 1 (standard model)

d
1
exp

d 50

%
100
d
exp

d exp 2

50

Partition curve model 2

% 100 1 exp(d / d 50 0.115 )3

d 50

d 75 d 25
2d 50

13.7( Do Di ) 0.68
0.53
Q ( s l ) 0 .5

Where

d 50

Imperfection relationship

D0
DI
Q
s
l
d50

=
=
=
=
=
=

Cut point relationship 1

is the overflow diameter (cm)
is the inlet diameter (cm)
is the total flow rate (m3h-1)
RD of the solids
RD of the liquid
the cut point (m)

Dc3
4.5 1.2

L ( s l )

Where

DC

L
D50

Cut point relationship 2

is the diameter of the cyclone changer (cm)

is the viscosity of the liquid (Pa.s, mNs/m 2)
is the feed flow rate (l/min)
is the cut point in (m)

Leaching

dM kA(C s C )

dt
X
The dynamic leach equation (assuming that the stagnant layer is
mechanism controlling)
WhereM
t
A
X
Cs
C
k

is the mass of diffusing component (mass)

is time
is the interfacial area through which mass transfer occurs
is the thickness of the laminar layer
is the concentration on the surface of the leach particle (mass.vol -3)
is the concentration in the bulk solution surrounding the leach particle (mass.vol 3
)
is the mass transfer coefficient (area.time-1)

An algebraic equation giving the change of concentration in a batch leach vessel

kA

C C s 1 exp
VX

WhereV

is the volume of the liquid in the batch leach vessel (m 3)

Filtration
dV
P . A

dt
( RC RM ) Darcys law

Where P
A

V
t
Rc
Rm

is the pressure drop across filter bed (Pa)

is the area of the filter bed (m2)
is the dynamic viscosity of the filtrated liquid (Pa.s)
is the volume of fitrate passed at time (m 3)
is time (s)
is the filter cake resistance to the flow of filtrate, it is a variable, (m -1)
medium resistance to the flow of the filtrate, it is a constant, (m -1)

Dynamic and algebraic equations associated with filtration

Rm .
r.C.
2
V

V t
2. s .P. A 2
P. A

Functions used to solve quadratic systems

b b 2 4ac
x
2a

Thickness

where 0 ax 2 bx c

C V
s A

Filter cake thickness can be determined from the following

equation
Where

C
V
A
s

is mass of solid associated with unit volume of filtrate (kg.m -3)

is the volume of filtrate developed to date (m 3)
is the area through which filtration occurs (m 2)
is the density of the of the solid (kg.m -3)

Sedimentation
An algebraic equation derived for the calculation of thickener cross sectional area
A

Q (Y U )C s
uc

Q
uc

Cu

Where
Q is volumetric feed rate to thickener (m3.s-1)
A is horizontal cross-section of thickener required (m 2)
C is fractional volumetric concentration
uc is sedimentation velocity at concentration C (m.s -1)
Cu is fractional volumetric concentration in the under flow

General information
Avagardos number
6.023 1023 atoms per mole
Charge per electron
1.602 10-19 coulombs per electron
Volume of a sphere
4/3 x pi x radius3
External surface area of a sphere
4 x pi x radius2