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Self-efficacy
12. Mrs. Linley is a middle school math teacher. She provides constant,
consistent feedback on her students' math assignments. She wants her students
to have faith in their abilities to produce positive outcomes. Mrs. Linley is trying to
develop her students' self-:
efficacy.
13. _____ is the component of personality that encompasses our positive and
negative self-evaluations.
Self- esteem
14. _____ approaches to personality are theories that suggest that important
components of personality are inherited.
Biological and evolutionary
15. The inborn behavioral style and characteristic way of responding that
emerges early in life is known as:
temperament.
16. According to the text, studies of the potential genetic basis of personality
have identified a gene that may contribute to differences between people in the
trait of:
thrill-seeking.
17. The text suggests that the neurotransmitter most closely related to individual
differences in thrill- or sensation-seeking is:
dopamine.
18. _____ approaches to personality emphasize people's inherent goodness and
their tendency to move toward higher levels of functioning.
Humanistic
19. Humanistic psychologists suggests that people are consciously motivated to
reach their maximum potential, each in a unique way; that is, people have a
fundamental drive toward self-:
actualization.
20. Humanistic approaches in psychology have been most influential in:
therapeutic settings.
21. Which of the following approaches to personality is LEAST likely to
emphasize the stability of personality?
Learning
22. Which term indicates the ability of a test to measure what it is actually
designed to measure?
Validity
23. Dr. Cavanaugh examines the relationship between the trait of hardiness and
senior citizens' compliance with medication regimes; however, the hardiness
measure he uses was based on college students. Based on this information,
which of the following is the most apparent weakness of Dr. Cavanaugh's study?
The norming of the resilience measure
24. Because of federal legislation, race norming on tests such as the General
Aptitude Test Battery:
was discontinued in the early 1990s.
25. One of the best examples of a self-report measure, and one of the most
frequently used personality tests, is the:
MMPI-2.
26. Dr. Portillo's research team uses many methods to assess the trait of
extraversion. Dr. Portillo is interpreting participants' responses to TAT pictures.
Her postdoctoral research fellow is recording the number and length of
conversations participants initiate in a laboratory situation. Finally, Dr. Portillo's
graduate student is examining her own extraversion scores on a test of the Big
Five dimensions. Which research team member is CORRECTLY paired with the
type of personality assessment he or she is using?
Graduate student - self-report measure
27. A series of symmetrical stimuli is to picture what _____ is to _____.
Rorschach; TAT
28. Behavioral assessment relies most heavily on:
observing people in their own settings.
29. Which of the following is NOT one of the text's recommended strategies for
being an informed consumer of psychological test data?
Keep appraised of data on test popularity.
30. Belinda is in counseling and feels that she is on the brink of bursting through
her psychological cocoon and becoming a butterfly. Belinda's therapist agrees
with Belinda and feels strongly that Belinda has the innate ability to cope with
stress and to control her life. Belinda's therapist is most likely a
humanist.
31. Brittney is a counselor who believes that her clients have the innate ability to
make good choices. She accepts each individual as they are and as a person in
the process of change. It is important to her that her clients learn to evaluate
themselves and not depend on the opinion of others. Brittney is practicing
humanistic counseling.
32. Maslow would argue that Gus went back to school at age 40 because
he chose to fully develop his potential.
33. Which of the following is NOT an element of Carl Rogers' theory?
Defense mechanisms
34. Octavia enjoys being around others and is well known for her social graces.
She is warm and engaging with everyone she meets regardless of whether the
setting is the classroom, her workplace, a restaurant, or her own home. Because
Octavia has a fairly stable way of relating to other people, we can say that her
behavior is probably
a manifestation of a personality trait.
35. Which of the following accurately describes how factor analysis is used to
identify personality traits?
Factor analysis identifies which traits go together in terms of how they are rated.
36. Which is not one of the Big Five factors of personality discussed in your text?
Empathy
37. According to the five-factor model of personality, a person who is reserved
and quiet is low on
extraversion.
38. A person who is intellectual, imaginative, and has a broad range of interests
would mostly likely score high on a measure of
Openness
39. ________ theories stress the interaction of thought with social environments.
Social cognitive
40. DeShawn graduated from college with honors and approaches most aspects
of life with the expectation that he will be successful. He expects a great deal of
himself and sets his goals high. After his interview for a job in the most
prestigious company in his state, he was convinced that he would get the job.
You could say that he
has high self-efficacy.
41. Walter Mischel's view of situationism infers that
personality varies considerably from one context to another.
42. What is the most important aspect of situationism?