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Art Deco spire of the Chrysler Building in New York City; designed by William Van Alen; built 192830
1 Etymology
ORIGINS
2 Origins
Some historians trace Decos roots to the Universal Exposition of 1900.[8] After this show a group of artists established an informal collective known as La Socit des
artistes dcorateurs (Society of Decorative Artists) to promote French crafts. Among them were Hector Guimard,
Eugne Grasset, Raoul Lachenal, Paul Bellot, Maurice
Dufrne and Emile Decoeur. These artists are said to
have inuenced the principles of Art Deco.[9]
The Art Deco era is often anecdotally dated from 1925
when the Exposition Internationale des Arts Dcoratifs et Industriels Modernes was organized to showcase
new ideas in applied arts,[3][10][11][12] although the style
had been in full force in France for several years before that date. Deco was heavily inuenced by premodern art from around the world and observable at
the Muse du Louvre, Muse de l'Homme and the
Muse national des Arts d'Afrique et d'Ocanie. During the 1920s, aordable travel permitted in situ exposure to other cultures. There was also popular interest
3
in archeology due to excavations at Pompeii, Troy, the come ubiquitous within the context of Art Deco.[24]
tomb of Tutankhamun, etc. Artists and designers integrated motifs from ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece,
Rome, Asia, Mesoamerica and Oceania with Machine 3 Architecture
Age elements.[13][14][15][16][17][18]
Deco was also inuenced by Cubism, Constructivism,
Functionalism, Modernism, and Futurism.[15][19]
4.1
6 INFLUENCE
5 Attributes
Deco emphasizes geometric forms: spheres, polygons,
rectangles, trapezoids, zigzags, chevrons, and sunburst
motifs. Elements are often arranged in symmetrical patterns. Modern materials, such as aluminum, stainless
steel, Bakelite, chrome, and plastics, are frequently used.
Stained glass, inlays, and lacquer are also common. Colors tend to be vivid and high contrast.[13][14][15][38][39][40]
6 Inuence
5
such as automobiles, furniture, cookware, china, textiles, 8
jewelry, clocks, and electronic items such as radios, telephones, and jukeboxes. It also inuenced architecture,
8.1
interior design, industrial design, fashion, graphic arts,
and cinema.
Surviving examples
Africa
Streamline Moderne
8 SURVIVING EXAMPLES
ners, notably Albert Aalbers's DENIS bank (1936)
in Braga Street and the renovated Savoy Homann
Hotel (1939). Others were Thomas Karsten, Henri
Maclaine Pont, J Gerber and C.P.W. Schoemaker.
The Sociteit Concordia (now Merdeka Building)
is a historic building in Bandung designed by Van
Galen Last and C.P. Wol Schoemaker. In Jakarta,
surviving Art Deco buildings include the Nederlandsche Handel Maatschappij building (1929), now
the Museum Bank Mandiri, by J. de Bruyn, A. P.
Smiths, and C. Van de Linde; the Jakarta Kota Station (1929) designed by Frans Johan Louwrens Ghijsels, and the Metropole Cinema in Menteng.
In Japan, the 1933 residence of Prince Asaka in
Tokyo is an Art Deco house turned museum.
Examples of Art Deco architecture in Malaysia include the Central Market, the Coliseum Theatre,
the Odeon Cinema and the Lee Rubber Building in
Kuala Lumpur, and the Standard Chartered Building, India House, and the OCBC Bank Building in
George Town, Penang.
Building (Hong Kong) 1952) with high prole buildings demolished to make way for the modern skylines (HSBC Building 1935, demolished 1978).
Residential buildings in Hong Kong Island and
Kowloon used basic Art Deco theme at a much
smaller scale. The Star Ferry Pier, Central and Tsim
Sha Tsui Ferry Pier (both built 1957 and former demolished 2006) were both Streamline Moderne with
some Art Deco elements.
In Indonesia, the largest stock of Dutch East Indiesera buildings is found in the large cities of Java.
Bandung has one of the largest remaining collections
of 1920s Art Deco buildings in the world,[49] including those by several Dutch architects and plan-
8.4
Cuba
7
Art deco buildings are also numerous in
Montevideo, Uruguay, including the Palacio
Salvo, which was South Americas tallest building
when it was built in the late 1920s.
8.4 Cuba
Some of the nest examples of Art Deco art and architecture are found in Cuba, especially in Havana.
The Bacardi Building is noted for its particular Art
Deco style.[53] The style is expressed by the architecture of residences, businesses, hotels, and many
pieces of decorative art, furniture, and utensils in
public buildings, as well as in private homes.[2]
8.5 Europe
8.5.1 France
Folies Bergre (1929)
Facade of the Thtre des Champs-lyses (1910
13)
MK-2 Gambetta cinema, Paris (1920)
Art deco oce for a French Ambassador from the
1925 Exposition of Decorative Arts, designed by
Pierre Charlau
La Samaritaine Department store facade (192628)
The Palais de Tokyo art museum (1937)
8
One of the largest Art Deco buildings in Western Europe is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart in Koekelberg,
Brussels. In 1925, architect Albert van Huel won the
Grand Prize for Architecture with his scale model of the
basilica at the Exposition Internationale des Arts Dcoratifs et Industriels Modernes in Paris.[54]
8 SURVIVING EXAMPLES
a pioneering design in Art Deco and Streamline Moderne,
that displays how the Deco style spread and evolved in
Europe.[55]
8.5.4 Greece
8.5.6 Norway
An example of Art Deco in Norway is found in the
Student Society in Trondheim (built 192729). Its interior is based on an abandoned circus, so that the exterior
exhibits a characteristic round shape.
8.5.7 Romania
As a result of the inter-war period of rapid development, cities in Romania have numerous Art Deco buildings, including government buildings, hotels, and private
houses. The best representative in this regard is the capital, Bucharest, which, despite the widespread destruction of its architecture during Communist times, still
has many Art Deco examples, both on its main boulevards and in the lesser known parts of the city.[57][58][59]
The 1921 Mossehaus in Berlin by Erich Mendelsohn was Constanta has the second number of Art Deco build-
8.5
Europe
ings after Bucharest.[60] Ploieti also has many Art Deco 8.5.10 United Kingdom
houses.[61]
8.5.8
Russia
Art Deco made a huge impact to an early Soviet architecture. For instance best known Seven Sisters in Moscow
were inspired by the US skyscrapers Chrysler Building
and Empire State Building. There are also some stations
in Moscow Metro in Art Deco style.
The Art Deco Museum in Moscow represents one of the
largest collections of art deco end art nouveau objects in
Russia. The collection includes more than 800 sculptures
in bronze and ivory of the 1920s and 30s, more than 500
items of furniture, as well as a signicant number of objects of decorative and applied arts and graphics.
8.5.9
Spain
The London Underground is famous for many examples of Art Deco architecture,[64] and there are a
number of buildings in the style situated along the
Golden Mile in Brentford. Also in West London is
the Hoover Building, which was originally built for
The Hoover Company and was converted into a superstore in the early 1990s.
The former Arsenal Stadium has the famous East
Stand facade. It remains at the Arsenal football
club's old home at Highbury, London Borough of Islington, which was vacated in the summer of 2006.
Opened in October 1936, the structure now has
Grade II listed status and has been converted into
apartments. William Bennie, the organizer of the
project, famously used the Art Deco style in the nal
design which was considered one of the most opulent and impressive stands of world football.
Du Cane Court, in Balham, south-west London, is a
good example of the Art Deco style. It was thought
to be possibly the largest block of privately owned
apartments under one roof in Britain at the time it
was built, and the rst to employ pre-stressed concrete. It has a grand reception area and is surrounded
by Japanese-style gardens; and it has had many famous residents, especially from the performing arts.
Elsewhere in south-west London, is Battersea Power
Station, which has appeared in lms and artwork
including the cover of Pink Floyds 1977 album
10
8 SURVIVING EXAMPLES
Animals. Partially built in the 1930s, the building
retains its powerful Art Deco facade. In the middle
of Lambeth is the Sunlight Laundry, one of the few
surviving Art Deco buildings which is still owned by
the commissioning rm and still used for its original
purpose.
East General Hospital (1929), Toronto Coach Terminal (1931), Metro Theatre (Toronto) (1938),
Canada Permanent Trust Building (1930), Hart
House Theatre (1919), Bloor Collegiate Institute
(1920), Arcadian Court (1929), Balfour Building
(1930)
8.6
8.6.1
North America
Canada
8.6
North America
11
Detail of the uppermost oors of the Louisiana State Capitol, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 193032. Architects: Weiss,
Dreyfrouth and Sierth
Bullocks Wilshire, Los Angeles, John and Donald Parkinson,
1929
Cochise County Courthouse doors, Bisbee, Arizona, 1931. Architect: Roy W. Place
12
8 SURVIVING EXAMPLES
building is a good example of the Great Depression's eect on Art Deco construction. Original
plans were for a twin tower to go next to it on its west
side. However, it was never built due to nancial
constraints. As a result, the 476-foot (145 m) tower
has a bare west side with no windows. Other examples of Deco in Kansas City include the 909 Walnut,
the Jackson County Courthouse, Kansas City City
Hall, and the Municipal Auditorium.
The recently opened Smith Center in Downtown
Las Vegas incorporates many design elements from
Hoover Dam and, therefore, is a contemporary example of the use of Art Deco style.
Los Angeles Art Deco architecture is particularly
found along Wilshire Boulevard, a main thoroughfare that experienced a period of intense construction activity during the 1920s. Notable examples include the Bullocks Wilshire building and the
Pellissier Building and Wiltern Theatre, built in
1929 and 1931 respectively. Both buildings experienced recent restoration.[69][70]
One of the four Guardians of Trac pylons on the Hope Memorial Bridge, Cleveland, Ohio, 1932. Architect: Frank Walker,
sculptor: Henry Hering
8.7
Oceania
13
In St Kilda, Victoria, the Palais and the Astor theatres are considered some of the nest surviving Art
Deco buildings in Australia, while many rural towns
such as Wagga Wagga, Innisfail, Albury and Grith
also have signicant amounts of Art Deco buildings
and homes.
Syracuse, New York is home to the Niagara Mohawk Building, completed in 1932 and listed as a
National Historic Landmark. Niagara Mohawk was
considered at the time to be the nations most powerful electricity supplier; thus, the building emphasized a vast futuristic look with an electric style embedded into it.
Much of the Art Deco heritage of Tulsa, Oklahoma
remains from that citys oil boom days.[74]
Cleveland's Hope Memorial Bridge is noted for its
four Berea sandstone pylons sculpted with colossal gures of Guardians of Trac by Henry Hering.[75] The bridge is listed in the National Register
of Historic Places.
8.7
Oceania
8.7.1
Australia
Sydneys ANZAC War Memorial and miniskyscrapers, such as the Grace Building (Sydney)
and the AWA Tower in Sydney, which consists of a
radio transmission tower atop a 15-story building.
Sydney has a large number of surviving Art Deco
houses, particularly in its inner suburbs.
8.7.2 New Zealand
Central Hotel, one of the many heritage buildings of Napier registered by the New Zealand Historic Places Trust[76]
14
10
SEE ALSO
Gallery
Wisdom, with Light and Sound, 30 Rockefeller Center, NYC: Lee Lawrie, 1933
Womens Smoking Room at the Paramount Theatre,
Oakland. Timothy L. Pueger, architect, 1931
U.S. postage stamp commemorating the 1939 New
York Worlds Fair, 1939
Henryk Kuna, Rytm (Rhythm), in Skaryszewski
Park, Warsaw, Poland, 1925
Disused Snowdon Theatre, Montreal, Canada.
Opened 1937, closed 1984. Daniel J. Crighton, architect
10 See also
U.S. Works Progress Administration poster, John See also: the categories Art Deco architecture, Art Deco
ships, Art Deco sculptures and memorials, Art Deco
Wagner, artist, ca. 1940
games, Art Deco architects, Art Deco artists, Art Deco
Beau Brownie camera, Walter Dorwin Teague designers and Art Deco sculptors.
1930 design for Eastman Kodak
Former Teatro Eden, now Aparthotel Vip Eden in
Lisbon, Portugal: Cassiano Branco and Carlo Florencio Dias, 1931
1937 Cord automobile model 812, designed in 1935
by Gordon M. Buehrig and sta
Delano Hotel, 1947 (Robert Swartburg) and National Hotel, 1940 (Roy F. France), Collins Ave.,
Miami Beach
15
International style
List of Art Deco architecture
Paris architecture of the Belle poque
Paris between the Wars (1919-1939)
Henri Sauvage
Socialist realism, the Soviet version of Art Deco architecture.
[18] How Art Deco came to be. University Times (University of Pittsburgh) 36 (4). 9 October 2003. Retrieved 7
November 2008.
[19] Jirousek, Charlotte (1995). Art, Design and Visual
Thinking. Archived from the original on 2 December
2008. Retrieved 7 November 2008.
[20] Eugne Grasset, ''Mthode de composition ornementale,
lments rectilignes', 1905, Librarie Centrale des BeauxArts, Paris (in French)" (in French). Gallica.bnf.fr. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
References
[21] Eugne Grasset, ''Mthode de composition ornementale'', 1905, Full Text (in French)". Archive.org. 10
March 2001. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
[22] Les Robes de Paul Poiret raconte par Paul Iribe, P. Poiret,
1908, Paris
11
[24] Andr Vera, Le Nouveau style, published in L'Art dcoratif, January 1912, pp. 2132
[7] Hillier, Bevis (1971). The World of Art Deco: An Exhibition Organized by The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, JuneSeptember 1971. E.P. Dutton. ISBN 978-0-525-47680-1.
[8] Socit des Artistes Dcorateurs: Denition from. Answers.com. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
[9] Duncan, Alastair (1988). Encyclopedia of Art Deco.
Headline Book Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7472-0083-3.
[10] Scarlett; Townley (1975). Arts Dcoratifs 1925: A Personal Recollection of the Paris Exhibition. New York: St.
Martins Press. ISBN 0-85670-257-9.
16
11
REFERENCES
Retrieved 3
[50] Mumbais latest endangered species: its Art Deco heritage. Urban architecture.in. 4 January 2009. Retrieved
15 August 2009.
[72] Brown, Joseph (2009). Miami Beach Art Deco. Miami Beach Magazine. Archived from the original on 31
January 2010. Retrieved 15 February 2010.
17
12
Bibliography
Bayer, Patricia (1999). Art Deco Architecture: Design, Decoration and Detail from the Twenties and
Thirties. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-50028149-9.
Benton, Charlotte; Benton, Tim; Wood, Ghislaine;
Baddeley, Oriana (2003). Art Deco: 19101939.
Bulnch. ISBN 978-0-8212-2834-0.
Breeze, Carla (2003). American Art Deco: Modernistic Architecture and Regionalism. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-01970-4.
Duncan, Alaistair (2009). Art Deco Complete: The
Denitive Guide to the Decorative Arts of the 1920s
and 1930s. Abrams. ISBN 978-0-8109-8046-4.
13 External links
Art Deco -Historic Places in Canada
Art Deco Brazilian Northeast
Art Deco Chicago
Art Deco Miami Beach Photos
Art Deco Montreal
Gallagher, Fiona (2002). Christies Art Deco. Pavilion Books. ISBN 978-1-86205-509-4.
Long, Christopher (2007). Paul T. Frankl and Modern American Design. Yale University Press. ISBN
0-300-12102-4.
Lucie-Smith, Edward (1996). Art Deco Painting.
Phaidon Press. ISBN 978-0-7148-3576-1.
Ray, Gordon N. (2005). Tansell, G. Thomas, ed.
The Art Deco Book in France. Bibliographical Society of The University of Virginia. ISBN 978-1883631-12-3.
Lehmann, Niels (2012). Rauhut, Christoph, ed.
Modernism London Style. Hirmer. ISBN 978-37774-8031-2.
Okroyan, Mkrtich (20082011). Art Deco Sculpture: From Root to Flourishing (vol.1,2). Russian
Art Institute. ISBN 978-5-905495-02-1.
Plum, Giles (2014). Paris architectures de la Belle
Epoque (in French). Parigramme. ISBN 978-284096-800-9.
Poisson, Michel (2009). 1000 Immeubles et monuments de Paris (in French). Parigramme. ISBN
978-2-84096-539-8.
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14.1
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