CLASS:

REGISTER NO.:

NAME:

CRESCENT GIRLS SCHOOL

SECONDARY FOUR
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2015

CHEMISTRY

5073/2

20th August 2015

1 hour 45 minutes

Paper 2
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your name, index number and class on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
All final answers for calculations are to be rounded off to 3 significant figures.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, and glue or correction fluid.
Section A (50 Marks)
Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.

Section B (30 Marks)

Answer all THREE questions from this section. The last question is in the form of EITHER/OR and
only ONE of the alternatives should be attempted.
Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 17.
The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.

For Examiners Use

Section A
B6
B7
B8
EITHER/OR
Total
This paper consists of 17 printed pages, including the cover page.

Page 1 of 17

80

Section A
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.
The total mark for this section is 50.
A1

The following information is given for the oxides of some elements in Period 3.
The elements are labelled as W, X, Y and Z.
Element

Formula
of oxide

Melting
point/C

Boiling
point/C

Behaviour of
oxide with water

Reaction of
oxide with
hydrochloric
acid
No reaction

WO2

-72

-10

Dissolves in water
to form a solution
that turns blue
litmus paper red

XO

2852

3600

Insoluble in water

Reacts with acid

Y 2O

1132

1950

Reacts with acid

Z 2O 3

2072

2977

Dissolves in water
to form a solution
that turns red
litmus paper blue
Insoluble in water

Reacts with acid

Use the information from the table to answer the following questions.
(a)

Which element has the highest tendency to gain electrons? Explain your answer.

[2]

(b)

(i)

[2]

Draw a dot and cross diagram to show the bonding in Y2O.

Show the valence electrons only.

Page 2 of 17

A1

(b)

(ii)

Predict the electrical conductivity of Y2O in the solid state. Explain your
answer.

(c)

Arrange the elements W, X, Y, Z in order of increasing proton numbers.

[2]

[2]

[Total: 8 marks]
A2

(a)

During a chemistry experiment, a student added 1.00 g of calcium metal to

25.0 cm3 of 1.50 mol/dm3 of nitric acid. The gas evolved from the reaction was
collected and measured over fixed intervals until the reaction is completed.
Calculate the total volume of gas expected to be collected at the end of the
reaction.

Page 3 of 17

[3]

A2

(b)

(c)

At the end of the experiment, a graph of volume of gas collected against time was
plotted and shown below.

Suggest a reason for the difference between the actual volume of gas obtained and
the theoretical volume calculated in (a).

[1]

The student intends to repeat the experiment using sulfuric acid. Other than mass,
suggest one other important factor regarding the metal reagent that needs to be
kept constant in order to ensure that a fair second experiment was conducted.

[2]

Explain your answer.

(d)

Given that the volume and concentration of acid and mass of calcium metal used
for the second experiment is kept the same as the first experiment, sketch the
expected graph on the same axes and label the graph as (d).

[2]

(e)

Explain the shape of your graph in (d).

[3]

[Total: 11 marks]

Page 4 of 17

A3

The Ostwald Process is a chemical process for manufacturing nitric acid, HNO3. It is
done via two stages.
The chemical equation below illustrates the redox reaction that occurs in Stage One.
Stage One: 4NH3 (g) + 5O2 (g) 4NO (g) + 6H2O (g)

H = 905.2 kJ

(a)

Draw an energy profile diagram for the reaction above, indicating the enthalpy
change and activation energy clearly.

[3]

(b)

In terms of oxidation states, explain why the reaction in Stage One is a redox
reaction.

[2]

Stage Two consists of two steps.

Step 1: 2 NO (g) + O2 (g) 2 NO2 (g)
In Step 2, NO2 produced in Step 1 is absorbed by water readily to form dilute nitric acid
as well as nitrogen monoxide, which is recycled to be used in Step 1.
(c)

(i)

Write a balanced chemical equation to show the reaction in Step 2.

[1]

(ii)

Name a physical process that can be carried out to increase the

concentration of the dilute nitric acid that is obtained at the end of Stage 2.

[1]

Page 5 of 17

A3

(c)

(iii)

Explain why it is important that the product in Step 1 of Stage Two does not
escape into the atmosphere.

[2]

Total: [9 marks]
A4

The diagram below shows an experimental set-up of two electrochemical cells.

Both electrodes X and Y are made of graphite.

(a)

Identify the positive terminals of both electrochemical cells and write the
equations to illustrate the reactions happening at the electrodes. Include state
symbols.
Positive Terminal

[3]

Half-equation

Cell One
Cell Two

(b)

(i)

What is the expected ratio of the volume of the gases obtained at electrodes
X and Y?
Explain your answer with appropriate equation(s). Include state symbols.

Page 6 of 17

[2]

A4

(b)

(ii)

Suggest a possible reason why the ratio of the volume of the gases may not
be the same as what was expected in (b)(i).

[1]

(c)

What is the colour observed in the electrolyte of Cell Two when the circuit has
been switched on for a period of time?

[2]

Explain your answer.

[Total: 8 marks]
A5

(a)

(i)

An organic compound J contains 40.0% of carbon, 53.3% of oxygen and

6.7% of hydrogen.

[3]

Calculate the empirical formula of the compound.

(ii)

The relative molecular mass of the compound is 90.

What is the molecular formula of the compound J?

Page 7 of 17

[2]

A5

(b)

The diagram below shows some information related to compound J.

(i)

Reaction I is known as a hydration reaction. State the conditions required

for the reaction to take place.

[1]

(ii)

Identify Gas R and the functional group present in compound J that allows
Reaction II to occur.

[2]

(iii)

Compound J has an isomer.

[2]

Using the information in (a) and the diagram above, deduce and draw the full
structural formulae of compound J and its isomer.

Compound J

Page 8 of 17

Isomer of
Compound J

A5

(c)

(i)

One of the isomers

polymerisation.

of

compound

can

undergo

condensation

[1]

(ii)

Draw the structure of the polymer formed when compound J undergoes

condensation polymerisation. Show at least two repeating units.

[1]

(i)

What type of polymerisation can compound G undergo?

[1]

(ii)

Draw the structure of the polymer of compound G. Show at least two

repeating units.

[1]

Define the term condensation polymerisation.

(d)

[Total:14 marks]

Page 9 of 17

Section B (30 Marks)

Answer all three questions in this section.
The last question is in the form of an either/or and only one of the alternatives should be attempted.
B6

Read the information below about titanium and answer the questions.
Titanium is a metal that is higher than carbon in the reactivity series. However, it is not
extracted by electrolysis. It is extracted from rutile, which contains 50% titanium(IV)
oxide. Although titanium is the 10th most common occurring element in the Earths crust,
it is a very expensive metal.
The flowchart below shows the extraction of titanium.

Step 1:

Titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) is reacted with chlorine and

coke at 1000 C to produce titanium(IV) chloride (TiCl4)
and carbon monoxide. Titanium(IV) chloride is cooled
and collected.

Step 2:

Titanium(IV) chloride from Step 1 is reacted with

magnesium at a temperature of 1100C in a sealed
reactor for 3 days to obtain titanium. The sealed reactor
contains an atmosphere of argon.

Step 3:

The reactor is allowed to cool.

The reactor is opened and the titanium is separated
from the other product, magnesium chloride.

(a)

(a)

Titanium(IV) chloride that is produced in Step 1 exists as a colourless liquid at room

temperature and pressure and boils at 136oC.
(i)

Based on the information given, deduce the structure and bonding present in
titanium(IV) chloride. Explain your answer.

[2]

(ii)

What is unusual about the bonding present in titanium(IV) chloride? Briefly

explain your answer.

[1]

Page 10 of 17

B6

(a)

(iii)

Hence, suggest a possible reason why electrolysis of titanium(IV) chloride is

not used as a method to extract titanium.

[2]

(b)

(i)

Write a balanced chemical equation to show the reaction that took place in
Step 1 to convert titanium(IV) oxide to titanium(IV) chloride.

[1]

(ii)

State an health effect of the product(s) produced in this reaction.

[1]

(i)

Write a balanced chemical equation to show the reaction that took place in
Step 2.

[1]

(ii)

Name the type of reaction that has occurred.

[1]

(iii)

Suggest a reason why an argon atmosphere is necessary in this process.

[1]

(iv)

Based on the information given above, deduce why titanium is expensive

despite its abundance in the Earths crust.

[2]

(c)

[Total: 12 marks]

Page 11 of 17

B7

(a)

You are given two 1.0 mol/dm3 of strong acids A and B, which have different
basicity. One is monobasic while the other is dibasic.
(i)

Give an example of a monobasic acid and dibasic acid.

[1]

Monobasic acid
Dibasic acid

(b)

(ii)

Using your answer in (a)(i) as example, state and explain the difference in
electrical conductivity, if any, between monobasic and dibasic acids.

[2]

(iii)

Using your answer in (a)(i) as example, briefly describe and explain an

experiment to distinguish two given samples of a monobasic and dibasic acid
using a solution of 1.0 mol/dm3 of aqueous NaOH.

[3]

Aqueous solutions of chlorine and iodine are added separately to two test tubes
each containing a solution of iron(II) ions. Aqueous sodium hydroxide is then added
to each test tube. The results are given in the table below.

Aqueous iron(II) ions

After addition of 3 drops
of aqueous NaOH
(i)

Addition of aqueous Cl2

Addition of I2

Green solution turns

yellow
Reddish brown
precipitate is formed

Green solution remains

green
Dirty green precipitate is
formed

Name the reddish brown precipitate formed.

Page 12 of 17

[1]

B7

(b)

(ii)

State what is observed when excess aqueous NaOH is added to the brown
precipitate.

[1]

(iii)

Based on the table of results above, compare the oxidising powers of chlorine
and iodine.

[2]

Include appropriate ionic equation(s), with state symbols, in your explanation.

[Total: 10 marks]
EITHER
B8
Crude oil is a raw material which is processed in an oil refinery. Two of the processes
involved in the refinery process are fractional distillation and cracking.
The table below shows the percentage by mass of different fractions in crude oil and the
demand for each fraction expressed as a percentage.

Fraction
Petroleum gases
Petrol
Kerosene
Diesel oil
Naptha &
bitumen

Number of carbon
atoms per molecule

Percentage in
crude oil (%)

14
59
10 14
14 20

4
11
12
18

Percentage needed by
the oil refinery to
supply demand (%)
11
22
20
15

Over 20

23

(a)

State the physical property that is used to separate crude oil by fractional
distillation.

[1]

(b)

(i)

[1]

Define the term cracking.

Page 13 of 17

EITHER
B8
(b)

(c)

(ii)

Using the information from the table, explain how cracking helps an oil
refinery match the supply of petrol with the demand of petrol.

[2]

The hydrocarbon C15H32 can be cracked to form 2 moles of ethene, 2 moles of

propene and one other hydrocarbon.

[1]

Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.

(d)

Ethene can be reacted with hydrogen to give a saturated compound M.

(i)

Draw the structural formula of saturated compound M formed.

[1]

(ii)

Describe a chemical test that can be used to distinguish between ethene and
compound M.

[2]

[Total: 8 marks]

Page 14 of 17

OR
B8

(a)

The table shows some information about a homologous series of carbon

compounds called alkynes

Name

Condensed formula

Molecular
formula

Ethyne
Propyne
Butyne
Pentyne

HC CH
HC C CH3
HC CH2CH3
HC C CH2CH2CH3

C 2H 2
C 3H 4
C 4H 6
C 5H 8

Enthalpy change
of combustion
(kJ/ mol)
- 1390
- 1466
- 1952
- 2438

(a)

Using the information given, deduce the general formula of alkynes

[1]

(b)

How will the boiling points of alkynes vary down the homologous series?
Explain your answer.

[2]

(c)

What general trend can be observed in the enthalpy changes of combustion of

alkynes? Explain your answer.

[2]

Page 15 of 17

OR
B8

(d)

Researchers have been investigating the use of propyne for replacing hydrogen as
a liquid fuel for space craft intended for low Earth orbit. Its major advantage is that,
unlike hydrogen, propyne can be used as a liquid fuel without the need for storage
at extremely low temperatures.
(i)

Given that the enthalpy change of combustion of hydrogen is 118 kJ/g,

which fuel, hydrogen or propyne, gives a greater energy output per gram of
fuel used? Show your workings clearly.

[2]

(ii)

Suggest a reason why it is necessary for the space craft to store and use a
fuel in its liquid state instead of its gaseous form.

[1]

[Total: 8 marks]

End of Paper

Page 16 of 17

Page 17 of 17