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Write your answer on extra sheet of paper, if necessary
Homework 5 of Matb 210 Due 2-6/10/2012.
13.7 (Read theorem 1, examples 1 and 3 in 13.7) Find dw
dt both by using the chain
rule, and by expressing w explicitly as a function of t before differentiating:
3. w = sin(xyz);

13.7 Find

r
r
r
x , y , z

10. r = uvs u2 v 2 w2 ,

u = y + z, v = x + z, w = x + y

x = t, y = t2 , z = t3

11. r = sin(p/q),
4. w = log(x + y + z);

p=

xy 2 z 3 , q = x + 2y + 3z

x = cos2 t, y = sin2 t, z = t2

13.7 (Read theorem 2, example 4 in 13.7) Find

6. w = xy sin z;

w
s

and

w
t

x = 2s + t, y = s t, z = st

:
13.7 Find
equation:

z
x

and

z
y

as functions of x, y and z, assuming z = z(x, y) satisfies the given

19. x2/3 + y 2/3 + z 2/3 = 1

Plugging z = z(x, y) into the equation, we have x2/3 + y 2/3 + (z(x, y))2/3 = 1,
and differentiate this identity with respect to x and y respectively, we have
) 2
1
( 2/3
2
z
0=
=
x + y 2/3 + (z(x, y))2/3 = x1/3 + (z(x, y))1/3 , so
x
x
3
3
x
7. w =

x2 + y 2 + z 2 ;

x = 3et sin s, y = 3et cos s, z = 4et

z
=
x
20. x3 + y 3 + z 3 = xyz

8. w = xy + yz + zx;

x = s2 t2 , y = s2 + t2 , z = s2 t2

23.

x2
y2
z2
+
+
=1
a2
b2
c2

1. Find the maximum and minimum values of f (x, y) = xy x y at the points on

and within the triangle with vertices A(0, 0), B(0, 1), C(3, 0).
).
Solution. Interior critical point(s): 0 = f (x, y) = (y 1,

On CA : f (x, 0) = x for 0 x 3.

On AB : f (0, y) = y for 0 y 1.

On BC : g(t) = f (3t, 1 t) =

2(2y), i.e. y = z = 0, and hence 1 = x2 + 02 + 02 = x2 . then we have (x, y, z) =

(1, 0, 0).
If x = 0, then it follows from that z = 2y, and y = 2z, so we have
y = 2z = 2(2y) = 42 y. So we have x = z = y = 0 or = 21 . As
x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1, so we have the only choice = 12 .
If = 12 , i.e. y = z so 1 = 02 + y 2 + (y)2 = 2y 2 , i.e. (x, y, z) = (0, 12 , 12 ).
If = 12 , i.e. y = z so 1 = 02 + y 2 + (y)2 = 2y 2 , i.e. (x, y, z) = (0, 12 , 12 ).

The max f (x, y, z) = f (

min f (x, y, z) = f (
for 0 t 1.

2. Determine the minimum value of 4x2 + y 2 subject to the constraint xy = 1.

Solution: Let f (x, y) = 4x2 + y 2 be the objective function, and g(x, y) = xy be
the constraint with the level curve given C : g(x, y) = 1. As C is a circle, and
hence it is closed and bounded in R2 , then the continuous function f attains its
minimum on C at some point in C. One knows that f (x, y) = g(x, y) at those
extremum points. (One should know that it is only a necessary condition, but not
sufficient one.) Hence we have three equations (
, 2y) = (y, x), and xy = 1.
From the last equation, one knows that x = 0 and y = 0, so
= y, and then
=
/y. (Compare with the example in lecture note)

The minimum value is f (

,
) = f(
,
)=
.
Remark. Here there is no maximum value for f, since the constraint xy = 1
allows x or y to become arbitrarily large, and hence f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 can be made
arbitrarily large.
3. Find the maximum and minimum values of f (x, y, z) = x2 yz at the points of
the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1.
Solution. Use Lagrange Multiplier Method, let g(x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 . Consider
the equations: f = g and g(x, y, z) = 1, i.e.
(2x, z, y) = (2x, 2y, 2z), and x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1.
Hence 2x(1 ) = 0, i.e. =
or x =
.
If = 1, then it follows from that z = 2y, and y = 2z, so we have y =

)=
)=

, and
.

4. Find the local maxima. minima, and saddle points of f (x, y) = 12 x2 + 3y 3 + 9y 2

3xy + 9y 9x.
Solution. f (x, y) = (x 3y 9, 9y 2 + 18y + 9 3x). We want to locate the
critical points of f. Eliminating x in f (x, y) = (0, 0) gives 9y 2 + 9y 18 = 0, with
solutions y = 2 and y = 1. The corresponding values of x are x = 3 and x = 12,
so the critical points of f are (3, 2) and (12, 1). The discriminant is D(x, y) =
2
fxx fyy fxy
= (1)(18y + 18) (3)2 = 18y + 9. Since D(3, 2) = 36 + 9 < 0,
we know that (3, 2) is a saddle point of f. Since D(12, 1) = 18 + 9 > 0 and
fxx (12, 1) = 1 > 0. we know that (12, 1) is a local minimum of f.
5. Locate and classify the critical points (local max, local min, saddle points, and
other points at which the tangent plane is horizontal) of the functions
(i) f (x, y) = x3 6xy + y 3 .
(0, 0) = f = (
), and hence x2 = 2y, and y 2 = 2x. And x4 = 4y 2 =
3
4(2x) = 8x, i.e. 0 = x(x 22 ) = x(x 2)(x2 + 2x + 4) = x(x 2)( (x + 1)2 + 3). It
follows that x =
or
. If x = 2, then y = x2 /2 = 2. If x = 0, then y = 0.
The critical points of f are (0, 0) and (2, 2). It remains to classify these critical
points.