Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Hajime Q. Nakaegawa, Maria Elijah A. Natanawan, Jarvin E. Nipales, Jodine P. Novilla, Jonel G. Nuevo
Group 6 2A, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas
Abstract
Organic compounds can be classified into hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives, based on the replacement
of hydrogen by another element or by a group of different elements called a functional group. To be specific, they are
classified as different classes of hydrocarbon derivatives. The primary objective of this experiment was to differentiate
organic compounds in terms of three things: certain physical properties, behavior towards ignition, and infrared spectra of
their functional groups. Four tests were done to investigate seven different organic compounds in the experiment:
observing their physical properties, solubility test, reaction with litmus paper, and ignition test. The comparison of each of
the seven compounds used was discussed in the Results and Discussion. As a result, various properties were determined
in the experiment which plays a vital role in the compound: polarity, acidity/basicity, and the flammability of the compound.
Introduction
An organic compound is any member of
a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid
chemical compounds whose molecules contain
the element Carbon. Since Carbon atoms bond
easily, its basis will be dependent on its carbon
chain that differs in length, shape and
functional group. All hydrocarbons are
insoluble in water because of their relatively
non-polar. They can be solid, liquid, or gases in
nature. They can be found in petroleum,
natural gas, coal, and also in plants. Most burn
readily and dissolve more readily in alcohol,
than in water. They are being used as fuels and
solvents to manufacture chemicals, plastics,
drugs, and other products.
Organic compounds could be classified
into two major classes: saturated and
unsaturated
hydrocarbons.
Saturated
Hydrocarbons, also called alkanes, are the
simplest class of organic compounds since
they are entirely made up of single bonds and
completely saturated with Hydrogen. Ethers,
alcohols and organic halides are examples of
these. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those
that are not completely saturated with carbon,
they vary in number of Hydrogen and order of
pi bonds. Each one will differ in reactivity.
The main objective of this experiment
was to differentiate organic compounds in
terms of certain physical properties and
behavior towards ignition.
Organic compounds follow three
interdependent rules of solubility: small organic
molecules are more soluble in water than large
Odor
Gasoline-like
odor
Results
Most of the hydrocarbons are colorless.
Before going to the analysis of the compounds,
it is important to take note of the structural
formula of the organic samples. This will
already give us a clue and hint to the results of
the analysis. Table 1.0 contains figures that will
represent the seven organic samples used.
Table 1.0. Condensed Structural Formula of
the Organic Samples Used
Organic Sample
Structural Formula
Cyclohexane
DCM
Ethanol
Phenol
Benzoic Acid
Physical
Liquid
state at
room temp.
Appearance Clear
Color
Colorless
Ethanol
Sample
compound
Liquid
Liquid
Solvents used:
Clear
Clear
Colorless
Colorless
Perfumelike-odor
Sample
compound
odorless
Cyclohexane DCM
Ethanol
H2O
Immiscible
Immiscible
Miscible
S
m
5% NaOH
solution
Immiscible
Immiscible
Miscible
5% HCl
solution
Immiscible
Immiscible
Miscible
Reaction
with litmus
paper
Sample
compound
Ignition
Test
NA
NA
No color
change
Color of
Flame
Orange
Presence of
Soot
Presence of
soot observed
flammable
NA
Blue
(Non-luminous)
(Luminous)
NA
Presence of
soot
observed
Phenol was a clear liquid with a reddishorange color. Phenols are significantly more
acidic than alcohols. It is slightly miscible to