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ika Terapan
Siklus Tenaga Uap: Siklus
Carnot, Siklus Rankine
Fakultas
Fakultas Teknik
Program
Studi
Teknik Mesin
Tatap
Muka
04
Kode MK
Disusun Oleh
13031
Abstract
Kompetensi
( T 1T 2 ) (s 2s 3 ) T 1T 2
work done
=
=
Heat supplied
T 1 (s 2s3 )
T1
(12.1)
(12.2)
h1=W T +h2
(iii)
or
W T =h1h2
(iv)
(12.4)
(12.3)
(12.4)
W net W T W P ( h 1h2 ) (h f hf )
=
=
Q1
Q1
(h1hf )
4
(12.5)
h f hf =v 3 ( p 1 p2 ) x 10
4
J/kg
The feed pump term (hf4 hf3) being a small quantity in comparison
with turbine work, WT, is usually neglected, especially when the boiler
pressures are low.
Then,
Renkine=
h1 h2
h1h f
(12.5a)
given power output. However, Rankine cycle calls for higher rates of heat
transfer in boiler and condenser.
(ii)
Since in Rankine cycle only part of the heat is supplied isothermally at
constant higher temperature T1, therefore, its efficiency is lowerthan that
of Carnot cycle. The efficiency of the Rankine cycle will approach that of
the Carnot cycle more nearly if the superheat temperature rise is
reduced.
(iii)
The advantage of using pump to feed liquid to the boiler instead to
compressing a wet vapour is obvious that the work for compression is
very large compared to the pump.
Fig. 12.4 shows the plots between efficiency and specific steam
consumption against boiler pressure for Carnot and ideal Rankine
cycles.
Example 12.1. The following data refer to a simple steam power plant:
N
o
1
Location
Pressure
Quality/temp. Velocity
Inlet to turbine
380C
6 MPa (= 60
bar)
10 kPa (= 0.1
bar)
9 kPa (= 0.09
bar)
7 MPa (=70
bar)
6.5 MPa
(=65 bar)
0.9
200 m/s
Saturated
liquid
-
400C
3
4
5
Calculate:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
3177.23043.0
x 30=3123.5 kJ /k
400350
(By interpolation)
Forum/Quiz:
Reference:
1. R. K. Rajput, ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS (3th edition),
LAXMI PUBLICATIONS (P) LTD (2007), p. 543 777.
Forum/Quiz:
1. Dalam siklus tenaga uap, pasokan uap pada 15 bar, kering dan
jenuh. Tekanan kondensor adalah 0,4 bar. Hitunglah efisiensi
siklus Carnot dan Rankine. Kerja pompa diabaikan.
2. In a steam turbine steam at 20 bar, 360C is expanded to 0.08
bar. It then enters a condenser, where it is condensed to
saturated liquid water. The pump feeds back the water into the
boiler. Assume ideal processes, find per kg of steam the net
work and the cycle efficiency.
3. Siklus Rankine sederhana bekerja antara tekanan 28 bar dan
0,06 bar, kondisi awal uap kering jenuh. Hitung efisiensi siklus,
rasio kerja dan konsumsi uap spesifik.
4. Dalam siklus Rankine, uap yang masuk ke turbin dalam keadaan
jenuh mempunyai tekanan 35 bar dan tekanan gas buang adalah
0,2 bar. Tentukan: (i) Kerja pompa, (ii) Kerja turbin, (iii) Efisiensi
Rankine, (iv) Aliran kalor kondensor, (v) Tingkat kekeringan pada
akhir ekspansi. Asumsikan bahwa laju alir sebesar 9,5 kg/s.