CHESS

Rico Miguel V. Anore

Ricah Ella C. Rebutada

Table of Contents
Definition1
Instructions1
Rules.1
Gameplay..2
History.....2
Titles..3

Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on

a chessboard, a checkered game board with 64 squares arranged
in an eight-by-eight grid. Chess is played by millions of people
worldwide, both amateurs and professionals.

How is chess played?

Each player begins the game with 16 pieces: one king, one queen,
two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. Each of the
six piece types moves differently. The most powerful piece is the
queen and the least powerful piece is the pawn. The objective is
to 'checkmate' the opponent's king by placing it under an
inescapable threat of capture. To this end, a player's pieces are
used to attack and capture the opponent's pieces, while
supporting their own. In addition to checkmate, the game can be
won by voluntary resignation by the opponent, which typically
occurs when too much material is lost, or if checkmate appears
unavoidable. A game may also result in a draw in several ways.
Chess Rules
Chess is played on a chessboard, a square board divided into 64
squares (eight-by-eight) of alternating color, which is similar to
that used in draughts (checkers) (FIDE 2008). No matter what the
actual colors of the board, the lighter-colored squares are called
"light" or "white", and the darker-colored squares are called "dark"
or "black". Sixteen "white" and sixteen "black" pieces are placed
on the board at the beginning of the game. The board is placed so
that a white square is in each player's near-right corner.
Horizontal rows are called ranks and vertical rows are called files.
Each player controls sixteen pieces:
At the beginning of the game, the pieces are arranged as shown
in the diagram: for each side one king, one queen, two rooks,

twobishops, two knights, and eight pawns. The pieces are placed,
one on a square, as follows:

The rooks are placed on the outside corners, right and left
edge.

The knights are placed immediately inside of the rooks.

The bishops are placed immediately inside of the knights.

The queen is placed on the central square of the same color

of that of the player: white queen on the white square and
black queen on the black square.

The king takes the vacant spot next to the queen.

The pawns are placed one square in front of all of the other
pieces.

Gameplay
The player controlling the white pieces is named "White"; the
player controlling the black pieces is named "Black". White moves
first, then players alternate moves. Making a move is required; it
is not legal to skip a move, even when having to move
is detrimental. Play continues until a king is checkmated, a
player resigns, or a draw is declared, as explained below. In
addition, if the game is being played under a time control players
who exceed their time limit lose the game.
The official chess rules do not include a procedure for determining
who plays White. Instead, this decision is left open to tournamentspecific rules (e.g. a Swiss system tournament or Round-robin
tournament) or, in the case of non-competitive play, mutual
agreement, in which case some kind of random choice is often
employed. A common method is for one player to conceal a piece
(usually a pawn) of each color in either hand; the other player
chooses a hand to open and reveal their color. Play then
commences with white.

History of Chess
Chess is believed to have originated in India, some time before
the 7th century, being derived from the Indian game
of chaturanga. The pieces took on their current powers in Spain in
the late 15th century; the rules were finally standardized in the
19th century. The first generally recognized World Chess
Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, claimed his title in 1886. Since 1948,
the World Championship has been controlled by FIDE, the game's
international governing body; the current World Champion is the
Norwegian Magnus Carlsen. Online chess has opened amateur
and professional competition to a wide and varied group of
players. There are also many chess variants, with different rules,
different pieces, and different boards.

Chess Titles
FIDE awards titles to skilled players, the highest of which
is grandmaster. Many national chess organizations also have a
title system. However, these are not recognized by FIDE. The term
"master" may refer to a formal title or may be used more loosely
for any skilled player.

Chess is a recognized sport of the International Olympic

Committee; some national sporting bodies such as the
Spanish Consejo Superior de Deportes also recognize chess as a
sport. Chess was included in the 2006 and 2010 Asian Games.

Just like any game, chess strongly opposes cheating. Penalties are
given to those caught cheating in chess, though this very rarely
happens given the fact that both players concentrate on the
board alone.
All in all, chess has been around for so long and has been enjoyed
by the old and young, and amateurs and professionals all over the
world.