Hardik Singhi

Titration Lab
Report
GRADE 10 CHEMISTRY

To find out if there is a direct correlation

between the acidity of the beverage and its
energy.

AIM
To find out if there is a clear correlation between the acidity and the energy (kcal)
of the chosen beverages.
BACKGROUND RESEARCH
WHAT IS TITRATION?
Titration is a method used to find the concentration of an unknown solution by
using a solution of known concentration. The known solution is known as the
titrant and the unknown solution is known as the analyte. If we are able to find
out the volume of the titrant added to the analyte, we can use that to find the
concentration of the analyte.
(http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/lab/techniques/titration/what.html)

CONTENTS OF BEVERAGES
COCA COLA (COCOCOLA.JP)

SPRITE(COCOCOLA.JP)

GINGER ALE (COCOCOLA.JP)

CC LEMON (COCOCOLA.JP)

ORANGINA (COCOCOLA.JP)

WHAT ACIDS ARE IN THESE DRINKS?

(COCOCOLA.JP)

Beverage

Acids in it

Coca Cola

Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)

Sprite

Citric Acid (C6H8O7), Malic Acid

(C4H6O5)

Orangina

Citric Acid (C6H8O7)

CC Lemon

Citric Acid (C6H8O7)

Ginger Ale

Citric Acid (C6H8O7)

HOW DOES SWEETNESS AND ACIDITY IN SODAS AFFECT THE

HUMAN BODY?
The sugar and acids in these drinks can cause erosion. Enamel is what hardens
your teeth, however, it weaken from time to time. Therefore, there are some
calcium and phosphate particles in our saliva, which maintain their strength.
However, soda contains certain acids, which can draw the minerals from the
enamel. When this happens, the teeth weaken and are more likely to decay.
(flatulencecures.com)
This can also happen to our bones and is known as osteoporosis. A study of
25,000 people suggests that people who drink more Coke, instead of other
carbonated soft drinks are most likely to get osteoporosis. (sfgate.com)

The acids and sugars in these beverages can also cause digestive problems and
make people more likely to get health issues. Our mouth lining, esophagus and
throat are very sensitive to the acids found in these drinks and so is our stomach.
If sodas are drank on a regular basis, the acids in them decrease the secretion of
hydrochloric acid in our stomach. This can, overall, affect the digestion process
in our stomach. However, this also means that pathogens that are usually stopped
by the hydrochloric acid in our stomach are now free to move to our intestines
and cause health issues. (sfgate.com)
HYPOTHESIS
I think that there will be no correlation between the acidity of the drink and its
sweetness. After doing research, I found out that the acidity in the drinks is not
affected by the amount of sugar in it. It is affected by how much acid is inserted,
its concentration and the type of acid. For example, hydrochloric acid wont be
used in drinks, as it is really powerful. (sfgate.com)
VARIABLES

Independant Variable

Dependant Variable

Beverages (C.C Lemon, Coca

The acidity of the beverage

Controlled Variables

The volume of NaOH

Cola, Sprite, Ginger Ale,

poured into the burette

Orangina)

(50mL)
The volume of the soft

drink poured into the

conical flask (25mL)

The number of drops
added to the beverage (2

drops)
The concentration of
NaOH (0.1M)

MATERIALS/ EQUIPMENT

Apparatus

Chemical

Burette (50mL)
Conical Flask (100mL)
Beaker (100mL)
Measuring Cylinder (25mL)
Burette Stand and Clamp
Funnel

C.C Lemon (100mL)

Coca Cola (100mL)
Ginger Ale (100mL)
Orangina (100mL)
Sprite (100mL)
Sodium Hydroxide (0.1M, 1000mL)
Phenolphthalein

METHOD
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

Set up the burette as shown in the diagram below.

Pour 100mL of NaOH into a beaker.
Pour 50mL of NaOH from the beaker in the burette.
Measure 25mL of Sprite, using a measuring cylinder.
Pour 25mL of Sprite into the conical flask.
Add 2 drops of Phenolphthalein in to flask and put it under the burette.
Using the burette, add small volumes of NaOH into the conical flask. After
each addition, swirl the flask gently. Keep on adding small volume of NaOH
till the drink turns dark pink (light purple).
Measure the burette at the point where the beverage turns dark pink
Refill the burette with 50mL of NaOH.
Do three more trials with 25mL of sprite.
Repeat steps 1-10 for Coca-Cola, Orangina, CC Lemon and Ginger Ale.

12. RESULTS
RAW DATA
Table 1. Showing the Results Acquired through the Experiment
Beverage

Trial 1 (mL)

Trial 2 (mL)

Trial 3 (mL)

Trial 4 (mL)

Sprite

21.6

17.3

15.3

15.5

Orangina

18.7

20.2

18.6

19.2

CC Lemon

18.4

18.5

17.9

16.6

Ginger Ale

17.9

19.8

17.8

18.2

Coca Cola

17.5

15.2

17.9

15.6

Table 2. Showing the Energy of the Different Beverages

Beverage

Energy (kcal)

Sprite

41

Orangina

43

CC Lemon

44

Ginger Ale

35

Coca Cola

45

PROCESSED DATA
Table 3. Showing the Averages of the All the Trials Conducted for each Beverage
Beverage

Trial 1 (mL)

Trial 2 (mL)

Trial 3 (mL)

Trial 4 (mL)

Average (mL)

Sprite

21.6 (not
counted in
average since it
is really
different to
others)

17.3

15.3

15.5

16.0

Orangina

18.7

20.2

18.6

19.2

19.2

CC Lemon

18.4

18.5

17.9

16.6

17.9

Ginger Ale

17.9

19.8

17.8

18.2

18.4

Coca Cola

17.5

15.2

17.9

15.6

16.6

sCalculations:
Sprite: (17.3+15.3+15.5)/3 = 16.0 (3 s.f.) (21.6, from Trial 1, is disregarded as it is really
different from the other trials.)
Orangina: (18.7+20.2+18.6+19.2)/4 = 19.2 (3 s.f.)
CC Lemon: (18.4+18.5+17.9+16.6)/4 =17.9 (3 s.f.)
Ginger Ale: (17.9+19.8+17.8+18.2)/4 = 18.4 (3 s.f.)
Coca Cola: (17.5+15.2+17.9+15.6)/4 = 16.6 (3 s.f.)
Table 4. Showing the Acidity of the Different Beverages

Beverage

Acidity

Sprite

0.064

Orangina

0.077

CC Lemon

0.072

Ginger Ale

0.074

Coca Cola

0.066

Calculations:
Example (for Sprite)
Ar of NaOH = 40g
1M of NaOH = 40g
Therefore, 0.1M of NaOH = 4g in 1000ml (dm3)

of water

4/1000 = 0.004
Average of all the trials of Sprite = 16.0mL
16.0 x 0.004 = 0.064
Therefore, 0.064g of NaOH is in the drink.

Table 5. Comparing the Acidity and the Energy of the Different Drinks

Beverage

Acidity

Energy (kcal)

Sprite

0.064

41

Orangina

0.077

43

CC Lemon

0.072

44

Ginger Ale

0.074

35

Coca Cola

0.066

45

GRAPHS
Graph 1. Graph Showing the Acidity (g of NaOH) of the Chosen Beverages

Graph 2. Graph Showing the Energy (kcal) of the

Chosen Beverages

CONCLUSION
From the data I collected with my group, I am able to conclude that there is no direct
relation between the acidity of the beverage and its energy. This is also what I had
predicted in my hypothesis. If we compare Graph 1 and Graph 2, we can deduce that
there is no connection, pattern or trend between the acidity and the energy. For example,
Coca Cola has low acidity, however it has the highest energy. But, Orangina has high
acidity and energy. Therefore, there is no trend that can be seen here.
I think that my results make sense. All of these drinks have different quantities of acids,
different types of acids and different types of sugars added to them. This is why there is
no simple, visible trend. However, if we did a experiment on drinks that use the same
type of acid and sugar, I think that we would have gotten a trend. But, in this case, since
we have many different types of drinks, I think that it is natural that we dont see a
pattern. So, I think my experiment, itself, was successful, however, my aim wasnt
constructed correctly. I should have measured drinks with the same types of acids and
etc.

EVALUATION

Limitation

Its Effects on the Experiment

Improvements

Over titration: After

This had a big effect on our

Although the impact of this wasnt

researching about titration, I

experiment, because we recorded

so big, we can compare the color

found out that I had over-

wrong measurements. However,

of the solution labeled Good

titrated the beverage.

this isnt such a big problem since

Endpoint and compare our results

(usdavis.edu)

the experiment we conducted

with it. Once we get the color

doesn't measure how different the

shown in the picture, we can stop

A good titration endpoint

acidity levels were. It tries to see

titrating.

should like this:

if the energy and the acidity of the

drink have visible trends.
Therefore, since we over-titrated
all the drinks, the results should
be useful to my experiment.

However, the titration endpoint

of my experiment looked like
this:

Since, colors of the titration

To improve this experiment, we

endpoints were different, we dont

can do 2 things. Either, we can

In this experiment, we had

really know if the titration process

use drinks with same color or we

several drinks with different

was done, or if we had over

can use different types of

colors. These colors included

titrated it. Therefore, this makes it

indicators that will help us

golden, yellow, transparent,

really hard compare all these

determine if the drinks are

black and orange. However, it

beverages, since they are not

properly titrated.

was really hard to determine the

equally titrated. This results in

titration endpoint for each,

experiment not being fair.

Color of the drink:

since they were all different

colors.
Using a measuring cylinder:

The effect of using a measuring

cylinder isnt that big. However, in

In this experiment, we used a

an experiment, it is better to keep

measuring cylinder instead of

as many things in control so the

pipette.

experiments are fair. Therefore,

To fix this, we can use a pipette for

better accuracy.

this made the results inaccurate to

a certain extent

Extensions:

10

Do the same experiment with drinks that use the same type of acid
Do the same experiment with drinks that use the same type of sugars
Measure the sugar level instead of the energy

DISCUSSION
ASSUMING THE RATIO OF THE ACID AND THE BASE IS 1M TO 1M
While doing this experiment and processing data, a lot of assumptions were made. The
first thing I assumed was that the ration between NaOH and the acid in the drink is 1M to
1M. However, this was not the case. The concentration of the acid and the NaOH was
different, but we had to assume that they 1M to 1M, in order to do the calculations. This
made the processed data inaccurate. If we had found a way to calculate the results,
without assuming that the ration was 1M to 1M, I think that it would have been possible
to find a trend in the data.

NOT KNOWING HOW SWEETNESS IS MEASURED

My initial experiment was to see if the sweetness of the drink was affected by the acidity
of the drink. However, this was not possible to find out since I didnt have the
knowledge to do so and that all drinks have different types of sugars. Some sugars need
to be used in a low quantity to provide a high sweetness and some sugars need to be used
in a high quantity. So, I didnt know how to compare the sweetness and therefore I was
unable to do so.

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REFERENCES

Is Soda Acidic? - How Cola Affects Digestion. (2011, March 11).

Retrieved January 21, 2015, from
http://flatulencecures.com/is-soda-acidic
Reasons Why Soda Rots Your Teeth. (n.d.). Retrieved January 21,
2015, from http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/reasons-sodarots-teeth-2949.html
Titration Fundamentals. (n.d.). Retrieved January 21, 2015, from
http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Analytical_Chemistry/Quantitati
ve_Analysis/Titration/Titration_Fundamentals
What is in Coca Cola? (n.d.). Retrieved January 21, 2015, from
http://www.cocacolahellenic.com/~/media/Files/C/CCHBC/documents/125Y
ear_A6Leaflet_v6.pdf
. (n.d.). Retrieved January 21, 2015, from
http://www.cocacola.co.jp/brands/all-products/

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