2

Fluid

The

study

fluid

forces

of

is

Force

Statics

unit

Atmospheric

Goal

pressure
=p

pressure

Obtain

pat

m=

( absolute

wings

forces

and

etc. )

acting

fluids

on

if

the

pressure )

STP

101.3

KPA

for

computing

increases

with

depth

Newton 's

second

law

pressure

airfoils

bodies

rigid

patm

equation

an

( e.g.

pressure

area

objects

on

motion

body

rigid

in

per

Gauge

acting

the

field

pressure

in

fluid

static

( And

show

so

that

)
dy

Apply

body force

The

this

on

to

differential

differential

In

fluid

static

The

only

and

the

be

right

net

element

fluid

Let

force

side

there

are

force

pressure

of

the

at

fluid

the

element

(p

Fy

fluid

element

forces

the

element

fluid

dx

Stresses

normal

therefore

is

summing

then

area

the
is

faces

other

des

be

can

(p

(p

>

that

The

the

force

pressure

act

the

on

p (

sides

pressure

forces

on

des

The

or

force acting

only body

force

acting
per

unit

found

in

the

) dydzfit ( pt
( pt
it
dz
#zd)d

on

fluid

the

TtyI+zI

fluid

the

on

element

of

the

left

dxdzfj

acting

and

Fp

same

way

the

net

surface

force

combining

the

two

the

that

such

dydzti )

ddzfi )

) dxdydz

element

was

dxdydz

gravity

so
,

total

is

#at

>

dF=dFBtdFs=
volume

dx

simplifying

the

p.IE#dIdyi+lp+a&dEsdIdytis
(
and

vector

unit

on

dz

dm

compressive

element

the

did

forces

only

by

of

are

pressure

and

p+Fyd
de
xdE

pressure

of

center

the

dm

is

fluid

our

mass

m0
stresses

be found

can

of

dt

dxdydz

shear

no

surface

the

on

element

fluid

dFe=Jdm=5edt=e5

element

Fpttg

Fpteg

dxdgdz

Tptfg)

dt

on

the

Newton 's

second

law

stalls

Ftadmiaedt

that

for

and

static

fluid

djfat

so

=o
,

and
:

tpteg

which

=o

is

that

Nok

this

is

vector

2P/2

213/2

If

take

we

the

to

equal

equation

egx

=o

in

the

eg

=o

in

the

eg

in

the

that

the

net

body

net

( per

unit

expanded

into

direction

direction

that

Remember

Pascal 's
Same

And

we

Euler 's

law

pressure

the

have

could

forces

they

are

that
are

all

all

at

=p

points
the

much

this

of

e MIT

equation ?

says
if

done

same

aligned

is

in

Jp ef
+

resting

depth

at

volume

at

point )

point )

components

three

For

the

direction

function

of

I. Zfg

only

variable

one

fluid

not

accelerating

medium

and

connected

eg

or

fluid

with

now

succintly

more

z= TP

and

=o

by

the

fluid

same

are

dd'zI=

obtained

volume

gk
gravity

dPd[
t
leg
2Pk

unit

( per

direction

which

in

NOK

force

pressure

force

be

thus

can

'=o
2M

System

coordinate

states

simply by multiplying

by

an

area

p =p

DA

dP=

egz

ego

if

dz

is

DA

constant

at

eg

Jz

the

Example

Buoyancy

^
"

Origin

of

buoyancy

imbalance

pressure

Consider

ball

pingpong

water

in

air

>

NF

FB

water

buoyant

isn

"

ftp.dexgdk.da.eguaneta.wpw.us

TY
I

nkg rating

...

|dFB=FB=fCg

( zz

)dA=eg

d
fluid

Could

FB

force

also

fa

derive

pri DA

=\

pressure

this

fjopdt

"

Center

of

fjtgdt

Consider

"

"

buoyancy

is

the

to

g.

volume

object

of

displaced

of

FB

egt

the

ef|dt=

egf

>

Ee

egf

volume

through

point

e.
;

partially

density

>

Gauss 's
thwrenheftamhmedaer
!r

area

The

,jdEa
.

theorem

Gauss 's

using

area

The

pre

bra

redistribution

"

't

'

which

the

wmonentn

net

the

integrated
center

force

acts

buoyancy

"

is

:qegxdeBg

.ge
.

And

submerged body

the

center

of

moment

is

) Xeghdxdy

/ eghdxdy

tz

% ,

=B

Thdstuabihity
ogling
body depends

Fe=

egtsub

on

the

relative

position

tubers

"

Gyrating )m

'

Rigid Body

Accelerations

linear

1.

Accelerations

conservation

momentum

of

to

ea

Fpteg

Jptelg a)

>

>

pressure

high
pressure

low

gradient

acts

vector

the

with

line

in

at

isobars

lines

constant

of

pressure

pressure

Example :
Freefall

Tp=e(

v9

5-5)=o

gradient

pressure

no

due to

acceleration

=5

Braking : (

in

car

Ppatm
-

with

cup

rg.gs

op

^Z

coffee )

of

by
2420
2P

2Pl2z

g.

surface

free

is

isobar

an

dp

tano

x)d+(z)dz=o
fadxt

egdz

>

ddx=

dz

Independent

dtldx

density !

of

Zigid Body Accelerations

=,

'
'

'
'

Vo

'

h
^

rw

Centripetal

substitute

gv

dx

eg

aJ
The

pa

into

acceleration
the

few

r
,

>

>

ptplo
ptegz

)
=

a-

equation

of

Jr

motion

z(
ew2r
fcr )

parabolic

in

rai
r

ew2r=(
0=22

ptegz

ptegz

ptegz

ang