Geometry Semester 1 Review Answers

1)

How big is a point?

A point has no size (infinitely small).
depth.

2)

It has no height, width, or

How thick is a plane?

A plane is infinitely tall and wide, but it has no thickness.

3)

How big is space?

Its everythingso say the universe.

4)

How many points lie in-between points A and D?

A

An infinite amount
5)

C D

How many named points lie in-between points A and D?

2 (B and C)

6)

What is the difference between AC and AC?

AC is a line segment, AC is the distance between A and C.

7)

The intersection of two lines is a point.

8)

The intersection of two planes is a line.

9)

What point(s) are collinear

with G?

Any two points are collinear so all of them. H

10) Name three points which are
collinear.

F
E

G, I, and F

11) Which point(s) are coplanar with

G, H, and F?
I and E
12) Which point(s) are coplanar with A, C, and F?
H
Page 1 of 35

C
B

For Problems 9 - 16

13) Name two opposite rays.

H

IF, IG

E
D

14) EB is the intersection of which two planes?

Plane ABEH, Plane FEBC

C
B

For Problems 9 - 16

15) What other possible ways could you name FG ?

GF, GI, IG, IF, FI
16) Which plane appears to be parallel to GDFC?
Plane ABEH

17) If two lines do not intersect then they are either parallel or skew.
18) Draw a large picture to help solve the problem.
BD bisects ABC , BE bisects ABD , BF bisects EBD , mFBD = 20.
Find mABF and m ABC .

m ABF = 60
m ABC = 160

F
E

C
20

F
E

C
2020
80

40

Page 2 of 35

19) Answer each question by referring to the diagram.

a)

Name 3 collinear points.

Many answers A, F, and B is one

b)

Name two adjacent angles to 3 .

HDC, FDM

c)

Name 2 opposite rays.

K C

Many answers FA, FB is one

d)

Give another name for LD .

DL, FD, DF, GL, LG

e)

Name a vertical angle with 2 .

AFL

f)

Name 4 points in the interior of CDM .

A, L, F, and B

g)

m 1 + m 2 = m CFM

h)

Why is F not an acceptable name for 2 .

F could be many angles. It could be AFL, AFC , or something

else. You only can use F if there is only one possibility.
20) AB bisects CAD
If m BAD = 2x + 8 and m EAC = 9x 5, then:
a)

m CAD = 68

b)

Is CAD acute, obtuse, or right?

Acute

2x + 8 + 2x + 8 + 9x 5 = 180
13x + 11 = 180
13x = 169
x = 13

C
2x + 8
2x + 8

9x - 5
E

Page 3 of 35

21) AB bisects CAD

If m CAD = 3x and m BAD = 49 2x, find m BAC .
C
m BAC = 21

49 2x + 49 2x = 3x
x = 14
E

22) M is the midpoint of AB . The coordinate of A is x + 2, the

coordinate of B is 2x + 8, and the coordinate of M is 14.
x = 6

To do this one realize that in order to calculate what the coordinate

of the average is, you need to average the values at A and B, i.e. if
A was 8 and B was 14, you would average 8 and 14 and come up with 11
to get M. So using that same logic

( x + 2) + ( 2x + 8)
2

= 14

23) The measure of the supplement of an angle is 12 greater than twice the
measure of its complement.
a)

Measure of the angle = 12

b)

Measure of the supplement = 168

Algebra Fun! Let x be the angle. That means the supplement of
the angle is 180 x and the complement of the angle is 90 x.
And then we can make the equation:
180 x = 2(90 x) + 12
180 x = 180 2x + 12
x = 12

24) For the statement If the dog wags his tail, then he is happy., write
the converse, inverse, and contrapositive.
Converse:
If the dog is happy, then the dog wags his tail.
Inverse:
If the dog doesnt wag his tail, then he is not happy.
Contrapositive:
If the dog is not happy, then he doesnt wag his tail.
Page 4 of 35

25) Write the two following statements as a biconditional.

If a polygon is a quadrilateral, then it has four sides.
If a polygon has four sides, then it is a quadrilateral.
Biconditional:
A polygon is a quadrilateral if and only if it has four sides.
Fill-in each blank with always, sometimes, or never.

26) Two intersecting lines are always contained in one plane.

27) The intersection of a plane and a line not contained in the plane is
never more than one point.
28) Four points are sometimes coplanar.
29) Three points are sometimes contained by exactly one plane.
If the points are collinear, there are an infinite number of planes.

30) If point M is between points A and B, then M is sometimes the midpoint

of AB .
31) Two points are always collinear.
32) Three points are sometimes collinear.
33) Opposite rays always form a straight line.
34) If the converse is true, the inverse is always also true.
35) If the converse is true, the contrapositive is sometimes also true.
36) Two acute adjacent angles are never vertical angles.

Page 5 of 35

37) Justify each statement with a definition, theorem, or postulate.

a)

CKA is a right angle

Def. of Perpendicular Lines

b)

KC AD

CKA CKD

K is the midpoint of AD

Def. of Perpendicular Lines

is fine for me although
the more correct (and more
obscure theorem) says

KF is the bisector of DKE

Perpendicular Lines form

Congruent Adjacent Angles

c)

DKF FKE

F
B

Def. of Angle Bisector

d)

BKF is supplementary to FKE

Angle Addition Post.

e)

AK =

1
AD
2

Midpoint Theorem
f)

AK = KD
Def. of a Midpoint

g)

BKC is complementary to BKA

Def. of Complementary Angles (although probably better would be to

say Def. of Complementary Angles after Angle Addition Post.)
h)

1
mDKE = m DKF
2
Angle Bisector Theorem

i)

BKD AKE
Vertical Angles are Congruent

j)

BK + KE = BE
Segment Addition Postulate
Page 6 of 35

38) Given:
Prove:

2 is supplementary to 3
1 4

3 4
2

Statements

Reasons

1)

2 is supplementary to 3

1)

Given

2)

m 2 + m 3 = 180

2)

Def. of Supplementary Angles

3)

m 4 + m 3 = 180

3)

Angle Addition Postulate

4)

m 2 + m 3 = m 4 + m 3

4)

Substitution Property

5)

m 2 = m 4

5)

Subtraction Property

6)

2 4

6)

Def. of Congruent Angles

7)

1 2

7)

Vertical Angles are Congruent

8)

1 4

8)

Substitution Property

39) Given:
Prove:

5 6
ABE DBC

E
5
B

Statements

Reasons

1)

5 6

1)

Given

2)

m 5 = m 6

2)

Def. of Congruent Angles

3)

m 5 + m DBE = m 6 + m DBE

3)

Addition Property

m 6 + m DBE = m DBC

4)

Angle Addition Postulate

5)

m ABE = m DBC

5)

Substitution Property

6)

ABE DBC

6)

Def. of Congruent Angles

4)

m 5 + m DBE = m ABE;

Page 7 of 35

40) Given: HL = EP
H

Prove: HE = LP

Statements

Reasons

1)

HL = EP

1)

Given

2)

HL = HE + EL; EP = EL + LP

2)

Segment Addition Postulate

3)

HE + EL = EL + LP

3)

Substitution Property

4)

HE = LP

4)

Subtration Property

41) Find the value of x that makes p

q.

x = 10
(3x + 20)

5x = 3x + 20
2x = 20
x = 10

(5x)

Note: 5x corresponds with the

angle vertical with 3x + 20

42) Is BA

DE ?

Explain.
C

m CBA must be 45
to complete the straight
line, and that is equal
to the corresponding
angle BDE so they
must be parallel.

B
90
A

Page 8 of 35

D
45

45

43) Justify each statement with a definition, postulate or theorem.

a)

1 4
If lines are parallel, then corresponding
angles are congruent.

b)

1
B

2 5

56
G
2

Vertical angles are congruent.

c)

7 is supplementary to 4

8 4
D
If lines are parallel, then sameside interior angles are supplementary.

FB

d)

2 is supplementary to 6

KC

CH KC

Angle Addition Postulate

e)

m2 + m3 + m4 = 180
Definition of a Triangle (3-gon)

f)

m 8 = m 3 + m 2

The exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the remote

interior angles.

g)

CH FB
Two possibilities. If lines are parallel, then same-side interior
angles are supplementary. OR If a line is perpendicular to one
of two parallel lines, then it is perpendicular with the other one
also.

h)

7 8

If lines are parallel, then alternate interior angles are

congruent.

i)

3 is complementary to 4

The acute angles of a right triangle are complementary.

j)

DCB is a right angle

Definition of Perpendicular Lines

Page 9 of 35

44) Given m

n , m 1 = 8x + 3 , m 2 = 5x + 18

a)

x = 5

b)

m 3 = 47

Note: 1 corresponds
with, and is therefore equal
to, the unlabelled angle
in the triangle.

5x + 18 = 8x + 3
15 = 3x
90 + 43 + m 3 = 180
IK ,
45) LU bisects JUI , LU
m 1 = 5n 5 , m2 = 2n + 22

a)

n = 9

b)

m 3 = 100

1 U
3

2
I
K

46) m 5 = m6 = 90, m 1 = 4x + 3
m 2 = 5x 23 , m 3 = x + 10
2

a)
b)

x = 37
3

m 4 = 133
1

6
4x + 3 + 5x 23 + 90 + 90 + x + 10 = 540
10x + 170 = 540
10x = 370
x = 37
Page 10 of 35

47) Each polygon in the chart below is regular.

Polygon Name

Pentagon
Octagon
12-gon
36-gon
240-gon
360-gon
4,500-gon
150,000-gon

Sum of All
Interior Angles
540
1080
1,800
6,120
42,840
64,440
809,640
26,999,640

Fill in the chart.

Measure of Each
Interior Angle
108
135
150
170
178.5
179
179.92
179.9976

Measure of Each
Exterior Angle
72
45
30
10
1.5
1
0.08
0.0024

48) Solve algebraically. The measure of each interior angle of a regular

polygon is 4 times the measure of each exterior angle. How many sides
does the polygon have?
x = measure of one interior angle
180 x = measure on one exterior angle
x = 4(180 x)
x = 720 4x
5x = 720
x = 144

So each interior angle is 144 and each exterior angle is 36. All of
the exterior angles add up to 360 so there are 360/36 = 10 sides.
The polygon has 10 sides (its a decagon).

49) m 2 = m 3 , m 1 = x + 8
m2 = y + 6 , m4 = 2x 2
a)

x = 64

b)

y = 48

c)

m 1 = 72

From your algebra days, you should (hopefully) know that with 2
variables we need 2 equations to solve it. There are three
possible equations I can set up. I can choose any two of the
three to solve the problem. The three things I know are:
1) m 1 + m 2 + m 3 = 180
2) m 3 + m 4 = 180
3) The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the
sum of the remote interior angles so m 4 = m 1 + m 2

Page 11 of 35

50) Given: O N ; MO

UN
U

Prove: OU

NT

O
N
There are three ways to do this proof (wellthree main ways that I can
see off the top of my head at least).

I could either:
1) Show that OUN is congruent to O because the lines are parallel
and they are alternate interior. I could then substitute the N in
for O . I then have N OUN . Those are also alternate interior,
except this time they are alternate interior with the lines I am
trying to prove parallel, not the ones I already knew were parallel.
So the lines are parallel because the alternate interior angles are
congruent.
2) Show that OMU NUT because they are corresponding and the
lines are parallel. From there I have two triangles and I know that
two of the angles are congruent, so I can set up an equation where the
three angles of one triangle add up to 180 and another equation where
the three angles of the other triangle add up to 180. Since they
both = 180, I can substitute. Then I can eliminate the equivalent
angles, and I am left with MUO UTN . Since those are
corresponding and equivalent, I know the lines are parallel.
3) Use similar triangles, which I will show below.
the best way to do itI just choose it randomly.

Statements
1)

O N ; MO

2)

OMU NUT

3)

OMU

NUT

4)

MUO UTN

5)

OU

NT

UN

Not that it is

Reasons
1)

Given

2) If lines are parallel, then

corresponding angles are congruent.
3)

AA~ Postulate

4) Corresponding Angles of Similar

Triangles are Congruent (CASTC)
5) If corresponding angles are
congruent, then the lines are
parallel.

Page 12 of 35

51) Given: ED

AC ; EB

DC
E

Prove: 2 5

1 2

3 4

8 7 6
B

9
A

5
C

This question came from earlier in the year, before we knew much about
parallelograms. Once you *DO* know parallelograms, this proof becomes
trivial. It becomes a three-step proof. First the given. Then you
know Quad EDCB is a parallelogram because of the definition of a
parallelogram. Then you know 2 5 because opposite angles of a
parallelogram are congruent. Done. Easy. You can certainly do it
like that on the final. That clearly wasnt the intent of this
problem, so I will show the proof below how it probably was intended
to be done. Well, actually there are a lot of ways to do itbut here
is one.

Statements
1)

ED

AC ; EB

DC

Reasons
1)

Given

2)

2 8

3)

8 5

2) If lines are parallel, then

alternate interior angles are
congruent.
3) If lines are parallel, then
corresponding angles are congruent.

4)

2 5

4)

Page 13 of 35

Substitution Property.

52) Given: BAE is supplementary to 1

6 4

A
5

Prove: 3 is supplementary to 4

B
6

2 3
D

Statements

Reasons

1) BAE is supplementary to 1 ;
6 4
2)

BA

3)

3 is supplementary to 6

4)

3 is supplementary to 4

EC

1)

Given

2) If same-side interior angles

are supplementary, then the lines
are parallel.
3) If lines are parallel, then
same-side interior angles are
supplementary.
4)

Substitution Property

53) True or False: In an obtuse triangle, the hypotenuse is the side

opposite the obtuse angle.

False. Hypotenuse is a term for a side in a right triangle only not

an obtuse triangle.
54) True or False: In an isosceles triangle, the vertex angle is the
angle included by the congruent sides.

True
55) True or False:

The angles of an equilateral triangle are congruent.

True
56) True or False: A median of a triangle always bisects the angle of the
triangle that it intersects.

False
57) True or False:

If

ABC

DEF and

FED

True

Page 14 of 35

QPZ , then

BCA

PQZ .

58) True or False: A median of a triangle is always perpendicular to the

opposite side of the triangle.

False (altitudes yesmedians no)

59)

DAB

BCD because of the HL Theorem.

C
D
60) If a point is equidistant from the sides of an angle, then the point
is on the angle bisector.

61) If a point is on the perpendicular bisector of a segment, then the

point is equidistant from the endpoints of the segment.
62) The 5 ways to prove 2 triangles congruent are:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

SSS Postulate
SAS Postulate
ASA Postulate
AAS Theorem
HL Theorem (rememberthis one requires right triangles)

63) If CE AD , then CE is a(n)

altitude of

ADC .

64) If G is the midpoint of AC , then

GE is a(n) median of

ACE .

A
65) If, JG AC and G is the midpoint of AC , then JG is the

perpendicular bisector of AC .
66) If AK bisects CAD , then any point on AK is equidistant from AC and
AD .

67) If K is the midpoint of DC , then AK is a(n) median of

68) The lengths of two sides of a triangle are 16 and 12.
the third side is greater than 4, but less than 28.

Page 15 of 35

ADC .

The length of

69) Given: BC bisects AD ; AB BC ; CD BC

a)
b)

ABX

DCX
B

What is the reason for part (a)?

AAS Theorem

70) Given: BC bisects AD ; AD bisects BC

a)
b)

XAB

XDC

What is the reason for part (a)?

SAS Postulate

71) Given: IF FG ; HG FG ; JIH JHI

J is the midpoint of FG ;
a)
b)

FIJ

GHI
J

What is the reason for part (a)?

HL Theorem

72) Given:

CD is a median of ABC
A B ; AB = 2x + 2

a)

x = 9

b)

AD = 10

x+5

2x 4

2x 4 = x + 5
x = 9
A

AB = 20 and AD is half of that.

73) Given:

D
N

NQ = NR and m2 = 110

m 7 = 40

1
K
Page 16 of 35

2 3
Q

4 5
R

6
L

74) Given:

1 6 , NK = 2x + 6,
NQ = 2x + 4, NR = 3x 2
NL = 3x 1

N
7

x = 7

2x + 6 = 3x - 1
7 = x
1

2 3
Q

4 5
R

6
L

75) Given: Isosceles ABC with vertex angle B.

AB = 5x + 10, BC = 3x + 40, AC = 2x + 30
a)

Draw an appropriately labeled

picture.

b)

Find the length of each side

of the triangle.

5x + 10

5x + 10 = 3x + 40
2x = 30
x = 15
AB = 85
BC = 85
AC = 60

2x + 30

76) Given: Equilateral DEF with

medians DK , EM , and FL .
DK = 2x + 4, EM = 4x 10

a)

Draw an appropriately labeled picture.

b)

FL = 18

Since it is an equilateral triangle,

everything is symmetrical and even
and so every median will be
equivalent.
2x + 4 = 4x - 10
14 = 2x
7 = x

3x + 40

Page 17 of 35

77) Given:

DAB EBA , mC = 42,

mCAB = 5x + 3y , mCBA = 7x 5y

a)

x = _____

b)

y = _____

5x + 3y = 7x 5y
-2x = -8y
x = 4y

I have two variables so I need

another equation.
5x + 3y + 7x 5y + 42 = 180
12x 2y = 138
6x y = 69

Substitute in 4y for x and I get:

6(4y) y = 69
24y y = 69
23y = 69
y = 3
78) Place the sides in order from least to greatest.
C

a)

Shortest Side:

BC

b)

Medium Length Side:

AC

c)

Longest Side:

AB

62

60
A

79) If the diagonals of a parallelogram are congruent, then it is a

rectangle and/or a square.
80) In a parallelogram, any two consecutive angles are
supplementary.
81) If a quadrilateral has diagonals which are perpendicular, then it is
a rhombus, square, and/or a kite.
82) If consecutive sides of a quadrilateral are congruent, but it is not
a parallelogram, then it is a kite.
83) If consecutive sides of a parallelogram are congruent, then it is a
rhombus and/or a square.
Page 18 of 35

84) If a parallelogram is equiangular and equilateral, then it is a

square.
85) The segment connecting the midpoints of two sides of the triangle is
parallel to the third side of the triangle, and its length is half the
length of the third side of the triangle.
86) The segment connecting the midpoints of the legs of a trapezoid is
called the median. Its length is equal to the average of the bases,
and it is parallel to the bases.
87) By definition, a parallelogram is a quadrilateral whose opposite sides
are parallel.
88) The diagonals of a parallelogram are perpendicular only if it is a
rhombus and/or a square.
89) Two angles supplementary to the same angle are congruent.
90) Is it possible to have a triangle of lengths:
a)
b)
c)

11, 19, 8
8, 17, 26
136, 78, 59

No
No
Yes

Page 19 of 35

91) Given:

BC bisects EBD ;
DA bisects FDB ;
AE

Prove:

FC

B
2 1

AD BC

4 3
D

I can think of two ways to do this oneone uses the Angle Bisector
Theorem which people generally like to avoid using, so I will first
show you a way to do it without the Angle Bisector Theorem, and then
one way to do it which does use it.

Statements
1)

Reasons

BC bisects EBD ;
DA bisects FDB ;
AE

1)

Given

Definition of an Angle Bisector

FC

2)

1 2; 3 4

2)

3)

EBD BDF

3) If two lines are parallel, then

alternate interior angles are
congruent.

4)

m EBD = m 1 + m 2;
m BDF = m 3 + m 4

4)

Angle Addition Postulate

m 1 + m 2 = m 3 + m 4

5)

Substitution Property

6)

Substitution Property

m 2 = m 3

7)

Division Property

8)

AD

8) If alternate interior angles

are congruent, then the lines are
parallel.

9)

Quad. ABCD is a parallelogram.

5)

6) m 2 + m 2 = m 3 + m 3 which
can be rewritten 2 ( m 2) = 2 ( m 3)
7)

BC

10) AD BC

9)

Def. of a Parallelogram

10) Opposite sides of a

parallelogam are congruent.

Page 20 of 35

BC bisects EBD ;

Given:

DA bisects FDB ;
AE

FC

2 1

AD BC

Prove:

4 3
D

This is the Angle Bisector Theorem version of Problem 91.

Statements
1)

Reasons

BC bisects EBD ;
DA bisects FDB ;
AE

2)

3)

1)

FC

2) If two lines are parallel, then

alternate interior angles are
congruent.

EBD BDF
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2

Given

m EBD = m 2;

3)

Angle Bisector Theorem

4)

Substitution Property

m 2 = m 3

5)

Substitution Property

6)

AD

6) If alternate interior angles

are congruent, then the lines are
parallel.

7)

Quad. ABCD is a parallelogram.

7)

8)

AD BC

8) Opposite sides of a
parallelogam are congruent.

4)

5)

m BDF = m 3

m EBD = m 2;
m EBD = m 3

BC

Page 21 of 35

Def. of a Parallelogram

92) Given:

3 4 ; NK NL

Prove:

NKR

NLQ

2 3
Q

Statements

4 5
R

6
L

Reasons

1)

3 4 ; NK NL

1)

Given

2)

1 6

2)

Isosceles Triangle Theorem

3)

m 2 + m 3 = 180;
m 4 + m 5 = 180

3)

Angle Addition Postulate

4)

m 2 + m 3 = m 4 + m 5

4)

Substitution Property

5)

m 2 = m 5

5)

Subtraction Property

6)

2 5

6) Definition of Congruent Angles

(Optional)

7)

NKR

NLQ

7)

Page 22 of 35

AAS Theorem

93) Given:

Prove:

DCB EFA ; DF = AC
AD ED ; AD AB

EF CB

F
A

Statements
1)
2)
3)

DCB EFA ; DF = AC
AD ED ; AD AB
m DCB + m BCA = 180;
m EFA + m EFD = 180
m DCB + m BCA =
m EFA + m EFD

Reasons
1)

Given

2)

Angle Addition Postulate

3)

Substitution Property
Subtraction Property

4)

m BCA = m EFD

4)

5)

m EDF = 90; m FAB = 90

5) Definition of Perpendicular
Lines

6)

m EDF = m FAB

6)

Substitution Property

7)

ASA Postulate

8)

CPCTC

7)

EDF

8)

EF CB

BAC

Page 23 of 35

94) Given: Rhombus ABCD

C

a)

x = 3

b)

y = 1

12

5x 3y

3x + 3y = 12
5x 3y = 12
A

8x = 24
x = 3

3x + 3y

95) Given: Picture at right

a)

x = 6

b)

y = 6

y
4

x
4

96) Given:

ABCD; DE = 5x 15
EB = 2x + 21; AE = 3x 10

EC = 26

5x 15 = 2x + 21
3x = 36
x = 12

E
A

Page 24 of 35

97) Given:

a)

x =

ABCD with DAB a right angle.

DK = 2x 3y; CK = 8y 5; BK = 11

17
2

K
C

b)

y = 2

c)

What special shape is

ABCD ?

Rectangle

Since this is a rectangle, the diagonals are congruent. So not

only do the diagonals bisect each other, but AK = CK = DK = BK.
8y 5 = 11
8y = 16
y = 2

98) Given:

Square ABCD; m DCA = 5x 15

a)

x = 12

b)

What is the property of squares

that you used to solve this
problem?

The angles of a square are 90, and

A
since it is a rhombus, the diagonals
of it bisect the angles. So m DCA had to be 45.

99) Given:

ABCD

a)

m 1 = 36

b)

m 2 = 78

c)
d)

C
36
42

2
4
E

m 3 = 42

m 4 = 60

3
A

Page 25 of 35

78
B

100) Given:

M is a midpoint of AK .
DM = 10y + 5

y = 2.5
M

The midpoint of the hypotenuse

of a right triangle is equidistant
from each vertex, so AM = MK = DM.

30

10y + 5 = 30
K

101) Given: Quadrilateral ABDC; 1 2 ;

E is the midpoint of AD

D
2

Prove: ABDC is a parallelogram

E
1

Statements

Reasons

1)

Quadrilateral ABDC; 1 2 ;
E is the midpoint of AD

1)

Given

2)

AE ED

2)

Definition of a Midpoint

3)

AEB CED

3)

Vertical Angles are Congruent

4)

ASA Postulate

5)

CPCTC

4)

AEB

5)

AB CD

6)

AB

7)

ABDC is a parallelogram

CED

CD

6) If alternate interior angles

are congruent, then the lines are
parallel.
7) If one pair of opposite sides
of a quadrilateral is both parallel
and congruent, then the
quadrilateral is a parallelogram.

Page 26 of 35

102) Given:

Trapezoid ABCD
M and O are midpoints
of the legs.

a)

x = 2

b)

m B = 140

( 5x 2) + ( 22)

= 3x + 9

2
5x + 20 = 6x + 18
2 = x

5x 2

3x + 9

40

22

Since the shape is a trapezoid, the bases are parallel, and thus
same-side interior angles are supplementary. Which should help
with part (b).
103) A treasure map says that the treasure is buried at the spot that is
both equidistant from the sides of the two roads shown and equidistant
from the tree and the big rock. Where is the treasure?

If something is equidistant from the sides of the two roads, then it

must be somewhere on the angle bisector of the two roads (see how the
roads form an angle?). So first step is to draw in the angle bisector
of the roads. If something is equidistant from two points, then it
must lie somewhere on the perpendicular bisector of the segment that
connects those two points. So the second step is to draw a line from
the Rock to the Tree and then draw its perpendicular bisector. Where
the angle bisector and the perpendicular bisector meet is the spot
where the treasure lies.
Rock

Tree

Treasure

Page 27 of 35

104) True or False:

Two isosceles right triangles are always similar.

True. Any isosceles right triangle must be a 90-45-45 triangle so

due to AA~ they would have to be similar.
105) True or False:

Two rectangles are always similar.

False. AA~ only works for triangles. The following two shapes are
clearly not similar but both are rectangles.

106) True or False:

True.

Congruent octagons are similar.

All congruent shapes are also similar.

107) True or False:

If

ABC

DEG , then

mA
mE
=
.
mD
mB

True. Corresponding Angles of Similar Triangles are Congruent

(CASTC). So both fractions should reduce to 1 = 1.
108) True or False: A triangle with sides of length 8, 10 and 12 is
similar to a triangle with sides of length 20, 30, and 25.

True. Need to check SSS~. So we need to set up the fractions with

the numbers in order from smallest to largest and check to see if they
all reduce down to the same thing.
8
10
12
=
=
20
25
30
2
2
2
=
=
5
5
5

109) Fill in each blank.

a)

If

7
5
7 + y
5 + 6
11
= , then
=
=
6
y
y
6
6

b)

If

x
4
x
= , then
=
7
k
4

c)

If

x
44
=
, then x = 5.5
24
3

k
7

Page 28 of 35

110) Given:

The picture are right.

A

ABC

a)
b)

DEC

What is the reason for part (a)?

SAS~ Postulate (Note the vertical angles,

and the fact that the sides are
27
18
proportional -=
)
18
12
c)

18

27

What is the scale factor

of the top triangle to the
bottom triangle?

C
12
18

3
2
111) Given:

ABC

a)
b)

ABC has sides AB = 2, BC = 7, AC = 8

DEF has sides DE = 21, EF = 24, DF = 6
FDE

What is the reason for part (a)?

SSS~ Postulate

c)

What is the scale factor of the smaller triangle

to the larger triangle? 1:3

112) The measures of the angles of a pentagon ratio of

Find the measure of each angle of the pentagon.

3:4:4:2:5.

m 1 = 90, m 2 = 120, m 3 = 120, m 4 = 60, m 5 = 150

3x + 4x + 4x + 2x + 5x = 540
113) Given:

Perimeter of ABC = 40
AB = 12, BC = 10

BM bisects ABC

AM =

108
11

12

18 - x

Due to the Triangle Angle

Bisector Theorem from chapter 7:
B

x
18 x
=
12
10
10x = 216 12x
Page 29 of 35

10

114) x = 7
(6x - 2)

(11x + 33)
The measure of an exterior
angle of a triangle is equal
to the sum of the remote interior
angles so

(9x + 7)

11x + 33 = (6x 2) + (9x + 7)

11x + 33 = 15x + 5
28 = 4x
7 = x
115) Given:

Kite ABCD

a)

x = 11

b)

y = 57

c)

z = 52

z
x

38 11
33

Remember, diagonals of a kite

D
are perpendicular and that a
kite is symmetrical along one diagonal.

116) The two hexagons at right are similar.

a)

Hexagon ABCDEF Hexagon WVUZYX

b)

Scale factor of smaller hexagon to

larger hexagon: 4:5

c)

x = 125

d)

UV = 5

e)

AF = 6

f)

ZY = 7.5

g)

UZ = 10

h)

FE = 8

B
16

4 C
x
8

A 94
F
Z
122

D
138 6
E
Y
10

141 X
7.5
100
V

Page 30 of 35

20

117) Given:

ABC DEF
Perimeter of ABC = 30
Perimeter of DEF = 13
AB = 10, BC = 7

13
3

a)

DE =

b)

91
EF =
30

10
13
E

c)

DF =

169
30

7
F

Scale Factor is 30:13

118) Given:

OP
PQ =
QK =
OL =
OJ =

LQ JK
x 4
x
5
14

x-4
Q
x

x = 9

5
x 4
=
x
9
5x = 9x - 36
x = 9
119) Given:

BD CE , AD = 20, BC = 10
AB = 16, BD = 12

a)

AE = 7.5

b)

CE = 4.5

20

3
AE
=
8
20

12

The scale factor is 6:16 or 3:8.

3
EC
=
8
12

Page 31 of 35

10

120) Given:

BCDE , BC = 6, DF = 8
BF = 14, CD = 18

a)

ABF

ACD

b)

ABF

DEF (Different than (a))

c)

EF = 4 (opp. side of parallelogram)

d)

AC = 27

14
AB
=
4
6

121) Given:

JK

14

B
6

AB = 21

E
6
D

18

GH
I

x = 8, 12 (Both are valid)

x 6
x 7
=
x 2
12
(x 6)(x 2) = 12(x 7)
x 2 8x + 12 = 12x 84
x 2 20x + 96 = 0
(x 8)(x 12) = 0

x-6

J
12
G

x-7

K
x-2
H

122) If two triangles are similar, then their corresponding angles are
congruent.
123) If two triangles are similar, then their corresponding sides are
proportional.

Page 32 of 35

124) A tree stops a surveyor from directly measuring the distance from X
to Y across a lot. She measures XP = 500 ft and extends it 10 ft to
point A. YP turns out to be 600 ft and is extended 12 ft to B. How
would the surveyor use the triangles to find XY? Clearly explain the
geometry involved in finding XY.
The surveyor has constructed similar
triangles. If you check and see that
10
12
1
=
(which both reduce to
)
500
600
50
and recognize the vertical angles,
then you can deduce the triangles
are similar due to SAS~ Postulate.

X
500
B

Thus to find XY, the surveyor

channels George Washington and
chops down the tree to make room
to measure.

12

10

600

Y
Uhno. In order to save the tree, the surveyor would then measure AB,
and set up the following proportion to solve the problem:

1
AB
=
50
XY
125) Given:

BE = 10
DE = 2
AF = 7

E
40
10

FB = 8
40
A

Couple things to realize off the bat. First, the triangles are
similar due to AA~ since one pair of angles is 40, and they both
share angle B. Second, you need to flip one triangle to make it match
the others orientation (and thus BE is not corresponding with BD -FB is actually the one corresponding with BD). This is an advanced
problem. It would be in the starred category on the homeworks.
BF
BE
=
BD
AB
x
10
=
x + 7
12
x ( x + 7) = 120
x 2 + 7x 120 = 0
(x + 15)(x - 8) = 0
x = -15, 8 (-15 is bad, so throw that one out)
Page 33 of 35

126) Given:

AE CF ;
DE BF ;
1 2

C
4
F

Prove:

ABCD

3
A

Statements
1)
2)

AE CF ; DE BF ; 1 2
CFB

AED

3)

3 4; AD BC

4)

AD

5)

Reasons
1)

Given

2)

SAS Postulate

3)

CPCTC

4) If alternate interior angles

are congruent then the lines are
parallel.
5) If one pair of opposite sides
of a quadrilateral is both parallel
and congruent, then the lines are
parallel.

BC

ABCD

127) Draw and properly label the medians of

ABC .

A
B

128) Draw and properly label the altitudes of

ABC .

A
B

Page 34 of 35

129) Draw and properly label the perpendicular bisectors of

ABC .

A
B

130) Given:

CM is a median of

a)

AB = 24

b)

x = 56

ABC .

A
y
x

12

c)

y = 62
28

B
M is the midpoint of the
hypotenuse of a right triangle so
that means AM = MB = CM = 12. And it also means that the two
smaller triangles are both isosceles. That will help finish the
problem immensely.
C

131) Note: This is harder than you will find on the final, but it is nice
to stretch yourself sometimes

Given:

Is

RS
RT
ST
AB
AC
BC

RST

=
=
=
=
=
=

x2 + 9x + 14
x2 + 10x + 16
x2 + 11x + 18
x + 7
x + 8
x + 9

ABC ?

RS = (x + 7)(x + 2)
RT = (x + 8)(x + 2)
ST = (x + 9)(x + 2)
I do not know anything about any angles, so SAS~ and AA~ are out, so I
need to check SSS~ to see if they are similar.
x + 7
x + 8
x + 9
1
=
=
=
x + 2
( x + 7) ( x + 2)
( x + 8) ( x + 2)
( x + 9 ) ( x + 2)
So they all reduce down to the same thing (which would be the scale
factor), and so they are similar due to SSS~.
Page 35 of 35