ARTICLES

I)

No article

Worship (church, pagoda)

1) Before place of
Institute (hospital, prison)
Education (school, university)
when these are used for their primary purpose.

<> If, however, they are used for any other purposes, the
is required.
2) Before home, work, bed, town.
3) Before name of a person/place + Noun : McDonald's,
Cambridge University
4) After As, Make, Elect, Appoint (unique role):
Ex: She was elected president.

II)

A/ An

1) A or An:
an + 8,18,80,11
acronyms : M- , N- , X- (MTV, NOF, X-ray)
a+
university, UFO, European, unit, unique
2) Use :
+ Nsing : Sb or sth mentioned in the first time
= one
Frequency
=per : when giving the rate or pace of something.
to show the person or thing is one of a group
to say what s.b/sth is
to say what job s.o does
Other expressions: a headache,a stomach-ache, a cold.
<> Other illnesses have no article.

III) The:
1) Used when the listener/reader knows exactly what we are
referring to because:
there is only one (the sun, the moon, ..)
there is only one in that place or in those surroundings.
we have already mentioned it.
2) The + N + Prepositional phrase
Relative clause
3) + common noun:

The + adj : group of people

Superlative, double comparison
First, second
Cinema, instrument
4) to refer to a system or service: train, radio, police

<>

Modes of transport (by bus, by train, by car, by

plane, by bicycle) dont have an article
5) + proper noun
a) families: the Obamas; the Jacksons
b) organisations: the United Nations; the Seamens Union
c) well known buildings or works of art: the Empire State
Building; the Taj Mahal; the Mona Lisa
d) newspapers( not magazines) :The Times; The
Washington Post
e) countries whose names include words
like kingdom, states or republic
f) countries which have plural nouns as their names
g) geographical features, such as mountain ranges,
groups of islands, rivers, seas, oceans and canals
h) the + adj / common noun + Noun
i) by the +Nsing : measurement of sth

SOME
1. = Zero article

=> /sm/

Before serving, pour (some) yogurt over the top.

2. = a/an

=> /sm/ + singular N (khng xc nh)

I bought this in some shop or other in New Street.

Some [thing] or other (sth unspecified)

3. = approximately

=> /sm/

Some = 80%

Functio
n as an
adject
ive
( +Nou
n)
Functio
n as an
prono
un

Another

Other

Another + Nsing
Would you like another cup of
coffee?
Another <number> + Nplural
Can you lend me another 50
dollars?

<Determiner> + other + Nsing

I prefer English to any other subject.
(<number> ,the) other + Nplural
I live with 4 other girls.

Another 3
Ive 3 pens, one is red, another
is blue

The other =2
Ive 2 pens. One is red, the other is
blue.
Others: khng c tp hp.
The others: c tp hp, cc phn t
cng li bng tp hp.
Some others: c tp hp, cc phn t
cng li khng bng tp hp.

NOTE:
-

The other day : some day in the past

Every other day/week/month : each second

MOST MOST OF - ALMOST

1. Most + N (i vi danh t khng xc nh ) = hu ht
V d:
- Most Vietnamese people understand English. (ng)
- Most of Vietnamese people understand English. ( sai)
- Most students passed the test.

- Most people like tea.

* Most + Adj = Very
2. MOST OF + the/these/those/my/his... + N = hu ht, phn ln trong s
* Lu : ta dng most of vi mt danh t xc nh, thng c ng trc bi
nhng t ch nh nh trn.
V d:
- Most of my friends live abroad.
-She has eaten most of that cake.
3. ALMOST (ngha l hu ht, gn nh): l mt trng t, ngha l n s b
ngha cho ng t, tnh t hoc mt trng t khc.
Almost thng i vi: Anybody, anything, no one, nobody, all, everybody,
every.
V d:
- Almost all Vietnamese (people) eat rice.
* Khng dng: Almost students, almost people phi dng most.

DETERMINERS
1. Determiners are used to modify a noun.
Ex: She is my sister.
We are going for a picnic.
2. Types of determiners
-Articles*: a, an, the.
- Demonstratives: this, that, these and those,
*Demonstrative determiners vs demonstrative pronouns:
This is my camera. (Demonstrative used as a pronoun, subject of
the verb is)
This camera is mine. (Demonstrative used as a determiner
modifying the noun camera.)
- Possessives: my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their,

*Possessive determiners vs Possessive pronouns

This is my house. (my is a possessive determiner. It is followed by
the noun house which it modifies)
Is that car yours? (yours is a possessive pronoun. It is not
followed by a noun.)
- Quantifiers*: some, any, few, little, more, much, many, each,
every,