Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
4.11.2016
Central Dogma
Bio 164 Genetics and Evolution
Genetics
Study of how living things inherit features from previous
generations
The code inside every cell of your body (and every living
organism) that affects how you look/feel/learn/interact
Understanding that code lets us understand
o Ourselves
o Disease
o Pets/livestock/pathogens
o Evolution!
Personal genotyping services
o Based on sequencing DNA
How do we know DNA is the genetic material?
o Griffith Experiment
o Hypothesis: Genetic information could be transferred
between strains of bacteria
Rough strain (nonvirulent)/ smooth strain (virulent)
Rough strain (mouse lives)/ Smooth strain (mouse
dies)
Heat-Killed smooth strain (mouse lives)
Rough strain & heat killed smooth strain killed
smooth strain mouse dies
o Conclusion: There is a transforming principle the transfer
information between bacterial cells
Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty (1944)
o Hypothesis: A biochemical material (DNA, RNA or Protein)
is responsible for Griffiths transforming principle
Took heat killed smooth cells, and rather than mouse
experiment put into tube and divided three parts,
one part that killed all RNA, one part that killed no
DNA.
Add R cells
Treat with proteinase that doesnt change the bacteria.
Complementary base here that pair up. This is the coding strand,
This is the strand. To make RNA, you want the RNA to copy of
the coding strand.
RNA comes in and makes pair with that template strand. You
have the same exact in the template have.
Polymerase but slightly have different sugar backbone.
Genetic Code
o DNA (coding strand): ATG GTG GCG TTA CTC TGC TGA
o Transcribe into RNA: AUG GUG GCG UUA CUC UGC UGA
Change all Ts to Us.
RNA to the Amino Acids:
o AUG GUG GCG UUA CUC UGC UGA ---o Met Val Ala Leu Leu Cys Stop
Amino Acids
o Primary structure
o Secondary Structure
o Tertiary Structure
o Quaternary structure
o Just know that from amino acids get quaternary structures
that allow proteins to work.
Protein structure determines function
That pigment, human telomere protein. This is a DNA binding
protein. Forms of barrel that allows you get out of the cell.
DNA order forms, RNA order of those amino acids. Determine
structure of the proteins.