Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
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the worksheet
The m
It can ch
our m
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complements and e
that
the melody.
se a melody
WARMUP
l.
2.
Think of instruments that can accompany melodies by playing the harmony and chords (harmonic instruments). Make a list. You will share it
afterwards with your partner.
to compose
FIND A CLASSMATE
In pairs or groups of 4.
l.
with their
moods. Do
OLC)
2.
KEYWORDS
Download and print the activities that will guide you
through the essential vocabulary of this unit.
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UNIT3
However,
the song probably has other instruments (keyboard, guitar, bass) accompanyl.
a rhythmic base.
means:
onec:J.
b) 'Simultaneous' means:
If we comkine
at thec:J.
2.
create a melody. If we also play different sounds at the same time, we have
the harmony.
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Melody: successive sounds
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ACTIVITIES
l. Listen to the following
recording
called
b)
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Figure 3.1.
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ACTlVITIES
2. Listen to the following
three fragments.
In your Workbook
I harmony I melody
ny. Write these words in the order in which you hear them.
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match
and harmo-
lVIelody
As we just learned, melody is a succession of sounds with different pitches. The sounds are driven by the rhythm and express a musical idea.
WORKSHEET
3. Choose
The same succession of sounds (or pitches) can sound yery different
ing on the rhythm. Try it with the activity below.
depend-
the
correct
of
a) Of different pitches
b) To express a musical
[)
idea
ACTIVITIES
c ) Simultaneous sounds
f)
g) Successive rhythms
the rhythm
4. Do the other
Copy just the heads of the notes into your Workbook. If you still do
not recognise the piece, try playing it on the recorder. Play all the
notes as if they were crotchets. Do you know which melody it is now?
0-----I
that deter-
about
OLe.
melody
activities
in
the
UNIT3
Ascending
Undulating
linear
"o
Fractured
Descending
C!
-------
ACTIVITIES
f:b
4. Observe
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Melody 2. The Good, the 8ad and the Ugly by Ennio Morricone.
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Melody 3. The Lord of the Rings (Figure 302) by H. Shore.
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Melody 4. Samba de uma nota s by Jobim.
Figure 3.2.
Image from The Lord of the Rings,
Tolkien's trilogy adapted for the big
screen,
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5. Now listen to the pieces and identify the order in which they are
played.
2.2. Musical
Phrases
in their structure,
has different
WORKSHEET
or spoken
to the punctuation
by
marks in written
perfect
and perfect
ca-
dences:
e:
. Imperfect: leaving the musical idea in suspense, giving the feeling of something unfinished
/ perfect
(,).
cadence / im-
perfect cadence .
8. Choose
to an end (.).
the
of
SCALE:
ACTIVITIES
(1) or perfect
cadence
to its corresponding
perfect
cadence.
Do you
and
2.3. Scales
e construct
the melody
inside a specific
organisation
of pitches
of sound
alled a sea/e.
----------------------------------------------------------,
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ACTIVITIES
melody:
Now
peat any of them and put them in order from low to high.
When all the notes from the melody are on the stave, ~an you say
which scale it is?
'
The phrases you just heard form part of three melodies. Match each
imperfect
/ succe-
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correct
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f:b
UNIT3
ledger
ton e or a
different.
to the character of
the piece.
II
Scale of
III
IV
-+;t
VI
VIII
VII
e major
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Example:
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Semitone
Tone
Tone
e..
Tone
Tone
Tone
Semitone
I
Scale of A minor
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B
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A"'"
Tone
;B;
=:S
~
Tone
Semitone
Tone
Semitone
~
Tone
:;2
Tone
places in the scales. This is why each scale gives music a differ-
ent character. Each note of a scale has a special name, called a scale degree.
The first and last note is called the tonic. The
activities
same with
scales.
L!
ACTIVITIES
8. Listen to the following two recordings. They have the same melody
but one is in major and the other in minoroCan you tell the difference?
Which one uses a major scale and which one uses a minor scale?
the
Compare
them.
11. Do
the
accidentals
fun activi-
2.4. Accidentals
Not
sounds.
sounds
or
accidentals.
I
I
Accidentals
them to the left of the note, at the same height as the note head.
Sharp
Flat
CURIOUS FACTS
In oriental music, they often
use the pentatonic
scale. It
particular
sound
Natural
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mi
2.5. I ntervals
_ st as we calculate the distance between two points, we can measure the
cs ance between the pitch of one note and another.
he distance in piteh between two notes is an intervalo
name an interval, count from the first to the last note, both included. The
thing
6th
ample:
:e ween
e and A there
e and
"I
e. It is called
pitch.
5th
4th
6th
7th
8th
dic intervals, the two notes in the interval play one after another. In harmonic
- ervals, these notes sound at the same time.
~scending 4th
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4-/
El
Descending 4th
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Melodic
Harmonic
interval
interval
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ACTlVITIES
WORKSHEET
-e-
C)
l'
O
O
...
terval is?
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Do you count
14. Download
10. Listen to the intervals your teacher will play. Say if they i'!re
, ascend-
ing or descending.
the
dis-
do
the
UNIT3
3 Harrnony
The term harmony is related to the organisation of simultaneous sounds. The
15. Download
and
the questions.
answer
dc::::J.
c ) What
ence?
is the
harmony acc;ompanies the melody and enriches it, helping to define its char-
differ-
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ACTIVITIES
f:6
..:
accompaniments.
Notice
how the harmony enriches the melody and gives it a more musical
accompaniment.
character.
When we combine various different sounds at the same time, we can produce
two different
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ACTIVITIES
f:612.
sounds that we
~--"3rd
~3rd
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ACTIVITIES
notes:
Example
Bol
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I o
die,
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WORKSHEET
16. Listen to
the excerpts
and make your ideal list
of hip-hop musicalhits by
filling in the listening
chart (OLe).
The Facts
e rivalry or tension between artists has always been a constant in all types
in painting; Brahms/Wagner
in clas-
in jazz.
in the African-American
ople from these areas played with words, mockery and insults. This art led
a musical culture known as hip-hop and a verbal battle began between the
Cs' and the 'rappers' (Figure 3.3).
-
e term 'rap' meant 'talk' in the jargon of the 1970s. Rap reers to the music, but hip-hop refers more widely to the rnu-
the breakdancing.
The Music
1:6
sound effects
in hip-hop
is
Dome. We
Figure 3.3.
Image of a performance
by
rappers.
e ements we mention.
e close this auditorium
by Coolio. The
and-was
Cent, etc. still have lots of violence in their contento The 5:Panish music
poetas' violentos, El
Chojin, Violadores del verso, Nach and so on. In Brazil they use hip-hop as
a medium for social inclusion. Nega Gizza, one of the best-known rappers in
O
razil, uses the music to denounce politics. He sings about issu~'s such as vioence, drugs, prostitution
and poverty.
.
UNIT3
5 A L6I of Rhythm
WORKSHEET
18. If you want to train your
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new ones.
in regard
Do the following rhythmic exercises by clapping. Then play them one after the
to
recording:
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Exercise
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11
lo
l.
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D111D1~1-
Practise these polyrhythms by tapping both hands on your knees. You can also
do them using bongos:
Exercise 3
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t::--~:-~ :--CJ:-: : ~
Exercise 4
f6
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f:'bLet
us learn a little more about the drums. In the musical example below, you
can see how some of the instruments in a drum kit are represented
in graphic
formo Listen to the three instruments on the recording in the resources for this
unit.
Ride
Snare
~ymbal
drum
'Bass
drum
In Tune
DID YOU KNOW?
Lots of people
e can trip over it. Well, vocal jumps from a lower note to a higher one or vice
ersa can also be problematic
With these
lems, including
- mps or melodic intervals, at first it is normal to sing out of tune on the highe note. This exercise will help you improve your tuning in the 3rd and
speak In a
losing their
sth
chords.
ervals.
ij
ij
no
no
no
B. Reading Music
WORKSHEET
n this occasion we are going to add the note A from the second space to
~ ose you already know. Nark a beat of approximately
crotchet
= 80. Without
expressions in regard to
reaking the beat, say the name of these notes (without singing).
singing.
C. Repertoire
ith the notes and exercises you have studied
:0 playa
tribe in
ustralia. It is a canon, so when you know it well, you can try to sing it in the
ound.
~F=--==,..
~'
Mum - ma
Mum
ma
War
- run
War - run
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no
no
Mu -
Mu
1
Interpretive
UNISON
ro:~ Wath -
...
ro - Wath
no
no
Suggestion
MELODV ANO OSTINATO
- 2nd voice sings ostinato in
e (same Iyrics).
CANON WIJ'H
... TWO VOICES
- Start with ~ difference of four bars.
- End when 2nd voice completes the melody.
UNIT3
studied earlier. We will also learn to play quavers with our instru-
expressions in regard to
notes we
mento Folio';
your teacher's
the previous
units (especially
instructions
and remember
the advice
from
pleasant sound.
As usual, we can use two different
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Accompaniment
and the
Accompaniment
Figure 3.4.
A group
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k ~,,tE,,,!
accompaniments
of jazz musicians.
Exercise 1
ft
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
~Exercise 4
ft
Exercise
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=)
Exercise 6
Concert
In the Auditorium section of this unit, you have detailed information about hipop. Did you notice the simplicity of the music? What about the use of simple,
repetitive
hese techniques
ost important
mean you can understand the Iyrics better. As you know, the
thing in rap is the story it tells. Rappers do not say, 'l'rn going to
sinq,' they say, 'l'm going to rhyme.' Did you notice that their lyrics rhyme a lot?
he rhyme is more important
hrases do not have a melody, but a very precise rhythm. The piece you are
going to perform
base, scratch effects and simple melodic designs. But it has a more elaborate
elody and harmony. This is because it is an instrumental
epend on Iyrics.
Figure 3.5.
A rap group performing on stage.
Hip-Night-Hop
CEJ
Recorder
WORKSHEET
21. Download and answer.
Do you remember
what
2. Use
of
l.
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>
and
rhythms on the
3. The
most
important
thing is the s
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Scratch effects
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5. Sometimes
s
6. And
there
effects.
simple
designs.
are
UNIT3
9 W~rld
Dance Workshop ~
In this workshop
from aroundthe
dances
Greek
wealth of
is not a
dance. It
Greek
It is a
closed
dance.
of an open
When someone
what their
of the people
circle
or financial
form a
steps, giving
them
social background
shape, whether
the shoulders
a simple repetition
placing
situation
per-
they dance.'
is called Hasapiko.
jumps. You are not going to start slowly or jump in this version. The melody to
dance the Hasapiko is called
Greek singer and guitarist
Giorgos
by the celebrated
Ntalaras.
common
expres-
Choreography Summary
The dance you are going to perform
At first the dancers hold the shoulders
in a circle.
next to them.
This makes the circle close slightly. Finally, it returns to the initial position
dancers take a few steps back.
as the
Download and print the worksheet you will find in the OLC to complete the concept map of the unit.
...
of sounds:
$d r r
Harmony
sounds:
$4
-------- ---------..
of melodies
separated
Musical p
Melody
rv\ I\M
by
Perfect (.)
Major (h
these can be
(s
Distribution
of tones and semitones
in a major scale
11
4.
A
-
-
in
""
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I~ 1"
...
Classification of the intervals according
to the o
of sounds
is based on the
C-...
(relaxation)
(tensin)
11
questions:
a) In the tollowing examples, identify which one shows a melody and which
one shows a harmny. Explain your answer.
Example
Example 2
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is a scaLe? Draw the scale of C on a stave and indicate
tones and semitones are.
2. What
where
3. Do the following
the
activities
on accidentals
in your Workbook.
Sharp
Flat
Natural
a) Write a sharp for all the F notes and a flat for all the O notes. Remember that we write the accidentals
to the left of the note, at the same
height.
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10
10
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(fo
'o
questions
Iij~o
ijo
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on musical intervals.
a) What is an interval?
Harmonie
interval
~terval
lo
5. Name the following
6. Complete
Ase. 2nd
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lo
intervals:
1" ., 1
the following
Dese.3rd
le
11
intervals
Ase. 4th
>10
_ol
om
It!tttl0
le
Ase. 6th
lo
Dese. 7th
le
Ase. 8th
a) What is a chord?
b) Can you playa chord on your recorder? Why or why not? What about
with a guitar?
e) Divide the class into three groups. Each group will playa note from the
chord.
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Which of the two chords
First
creates a feeling of
chord
Second
chord
which is dissonant?
a)~ur
b)
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9. A fragmented
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melody.
a)
c)
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b)~
d)
I J.
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selves singing it .
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of the c1ass.