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COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL (CNC) TECHNOLOGY

LABORATORY REPORT

Lecturer: Mr. Ngui Wai Keng


Lab Instructor: Mr. Muhammad Rozikin bin Kamaluddin

SECTION:
MO2LD
GROUP MEMBERS:
1) Muhammad Afiq bin Abu Bakar
2) Muhammad Hadzim bin Kamaluddin
3)Muhammad Aiman bin Ramli
4) Muhammad Hazwan bin Azmi
5) Amirul Amin bin Mohammad Daud

MB14050
MB14047
MB14117
MB14058
MB14145

CONTENTS

i.

Introduction

ii.

Project Flow

iii.

Source Code

iv.

Results & Discussion

v.

Conclusion

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Computer Numerical Control (CNC) is one in which the functions and motions of a
machine tool are controlled by means of a prepared program containing coded alphanumeric
data. CNC can control the motions of the workpiece or tool, the input parameters such as feed,
depth of cut, speed, and the functions such as turning spindle on/off, turning coolant on/off. The
applications of CNC include both for machine tool as well as non-machine tool areas. In the
machine tool category, CNC is widely used for lathe, drill press, milling machine, grinding unit,
laser, sheet-metal press working machine, tube bending machine etc. Highly automated machine
tools such as turning center and machining center which change the cutting tools automatically
under CNC control have been developed.
So, in this project, we are required to create any design that could be done on a workpiece
so that we could apply all the knowledge that we have been studying this whole time, which
includes the calculation of the coordinates (x, y, z), and also the applications of the programming
that needs to be prepared before running the machine, which is the G Codes and the M Codes.
However, in this project, we are only using the milling machines, so all of the codes used are the
codes for the milling processes only.

1.1

OBJECTIVES
There are objectives that we aim to do in this project, and these are the objectives:
i)
ii)
iii)

1.2

To use the G Codes and M Codes in order to get the design of the workpiece
desired.
To create a design on the workpiece that can be made by using the milling
machine.
To understand if the machines used is parallel towards the program.

PROJECT SCOPE
In this project, we designed a design, that could be done by using the milling
method in the CNC milling machine and also preparing the program, which is the G
Codes and M Codes that can be used to create the design acquired in the milling
machine.

CHAPTER 2
PROJECT FLOW

2.1 PROCESS FLOW

Designing the design that


dEdeon the
could be done
workpiece

Prepare the coordinates


and write the source
codes needed according
to the design
Rewrite the
source code
Simulate the program
at the machine and
analyze any errors

Fully run the


machine and get
the design wanted

Figure 2.1: The Process Flowchart of the Project

2.2

WORKPIECE DESIGN

Figure 2.2: The Final Design of the Workpiece

2.3

PROCESS FLOW

In order to get the specified design above, we have planned on what types of tools
that we should use with the right diameters, parameters and the right remarks in the machine, and
the right sequence. The whole process can be seen in the table below.

Figure 2.3: The Process Table with its Specifications

CHAPTER 3

SOURCE CODE

The source code that we have done is according to the table that has been laid out in the
previous chapter.
So here is the first source code that is written to program the machine accordingly to what we
want.

3.1

SQUARE MILLING

Figure 3.1: The Square Shape


Program Coding:
G21 G40 G17 G80 G54 G90 ;

Y10.;

G49 M06 T1 ;

X10.;

G00 X10. Y-10. ;

Z-10.;

G43 H01 Z1. MO8 ;

Y90.;

M03 S950 ;

X90.;

G41 X10. Y0. ;

Y10.;

G01 Z-5. F100 ;

X10.;

Y90. ;

G01 Z5.;

X90. ;

3.2

CIRCULAR MILLING

Figure 3.2: The Circular Shape


Program Coding:
G00 X50. Y10. ;
G01 Z-5. ;
G02 X10. Y50. R40. ;
X50. Y90. ;
X90. Y50. ;
X50. Y10. ;
G01 Z-10. ;
G02 X10. Y50. R40. ;
X50. Y90. ;
X90. Y50. ;
X50. Y10. ;
G00 Z20. ;
M05 ;
M09 ;

3.3

SLOTTING

Figure 3.3: The Slot that Produces the Logo


Program Coding:
G00 G40 G28 G49 ;
M06 T4 ;
G43 H04 Z2. ;
M08 ;
M03 S950;
G00 X25. Y50. ;
G01 Z-2. F100 ;
X20. Y60. ;
X40. Y60. ;
Y70. ;
X45. Y65. ;
X55. ;
X60. Y70. ;
Y60. ;
X80. ;

X75. Y50. ;
G03 X65. Y35. R10. ;
X50. Y20. R15. ;
X35. Y35. R15. ;
X25. Y50. R10. ;
G01 Z-4. F100 ;
X20. Y60. ;
X40. Y60. ;
Y70. ;
X45. Y65. ;
X55. ;
X60. Y70. ;
Y60. ;
X80. ;
X75. Y50. ;
G03 X65. Y35. R10. ;
X50. Y20. R15. ;
X35. Y35. R15. ;
X25. Y50. R10. ;
G01 Z-6. F100 ;
X20. Y60. ;
X40. Y60. ;
Y70. ;
X45. Y65. ;
X55. ;

X60. Y70. ;
Y60. ;
X80. ;
X75. Y50. ;
G03 X65. Y35. R10. ;
X50. Y20. R15. ;
X35. Y35. R15. ;
X25. Y50. R10. ;
G40 G00 Z20. ;
G28 G49 M05 ;
M09;

3.4

DRILLING

Figure 3.4: The Holes at the edges of the workpiece


Program Coding:
M06 T3 ;
G43 H03 Z1. ;
G00 X10. Y10. ;
G83 G98 Z-15. R5. Q2. F100 ;
G01 Z2. ;
X10. Y90. ;
G83 G98 Z-15. R5. Q2. F100 ;
G01 Z2. ;
X90. Y90. ;
G83 G98 Z-15. R5. Q2. F100 ;
G01 Z2. ;
X90. Y10. ;
G83 G98 Z-15. R5. Q2. F100 ;
G00 Z10 ;
M05 ;
M09 ;

M30;

CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 RESULTS

As we have achieved to write the code and simulate it perfectly, we run the machine with
codes that have been prepared and the result is that we get the design that we wanted on the
workpiece and the whole thing is working well.

Figure 4.1: The Final Product of the Workpiece

4.2

DISCUSSIONS

During the process of running the program that we have prepare on the machine, we are
facing some issues with the machine as the machine that we simulate and the machine that we
run is different. The model for the machine that we use to simulate is the HAAS CNC machine
simulator, however, the machine that we used are the Finog CNC milling machine. The problem
with the Finog machine is that it cannot read the format of the subprogram that we have run in
the HAAS milling simulation machine. Thus, to encounter that problem, we have to rewrite the
the whole subprogram to make it accessible to the program so that it could read the subprogram.

CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION

In a nutshell, we can state that we have reached our objective, which is where we have
succeeded to create a design that could be done by using the CNC milling machine. Then, we
also have find out that the codes that we run on the simulator is different with the machine that
we used which is a different model. However, our team have been able to solve the problem and
figuring out a way to solve it. Next, we have also obviously managed to use the G Codes & M
Codes in creating the design at the machine. Thus, we have reached all of our objectives for this
project, and it is a success for all of us

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