Production, Operations Management

SMU - Assignment

MB0028

Roll No - 520934375

Name – Trideeb Kumar Das

Center Code - 2717

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1. Explain the various automated systems for transfer of
materials in the production plant? Illustrate your answer
by considering an example of an automobile showroom.

Ans : Basically, automation system comes to reduce labor power and time in
the production. Here we can see the evolution systems with some examples.
The goods requited by society were produces in small quantities by craftsman
who would know the need of the community and produced them by their own
hands with simple tools. The apprentices or by another craftsman, who would
make them to meet the requests made.
The parts and components used to make these machines had to be replaced
when they wore making parts so that interchangeability was achieved made
setting up standards and specifications important for meeting

The craftsmen gave way to engineers, workers, superiors and inspectors.

Division of labor became necessary to achieve efficiencies and the jabs that
became specialized. Competition has necessitated improved quality, reduced
sates and better services to the customer.

Automation systems cost huge sums of money and therefore a deep analysis of
the various factors has to be done. For services, automation usually means
labor saving devices in education, long distance learning technology helps in
supplementing class room instruction. The facilitating goods that are used are
web site and videos.

Automation in the banking sector has resulted in ATMs which same the banks a
huge amount customer satisfaction. Automation is ideas when the service
provided or the product manufactured is highly standardized.

Some extent of automation can be designed even with customization i. e.

product or service a meant to produce or deliver low volume specific to a
requirement. The advantages of automation is it has low variability and will be
more consistent on a repetitive basis

The machines have sensing and control devices that enable them to operate
automobile. The simplest of them called machine attachments replace human
effort. They guide, locate, move and achieve revise position by means of came,
optical sensing. Load sensing mechanisms and activate the controls to remove
human intention.

Robots are higher in the order of automation as they perform a variety of tasks.
They are designed to move movements according to programmers written into
the computer that inside them.

With the help of automation, inspection of component can be done 100%

Set 1 MB0028
ensures highest quality identification and movement of materials are helped by
bar codes which are read and fed into the system far monitoring quantity,
location, movement etc. They help the automated systems to start information
and provide information for effecting any changes necessary. To make effective
use of automated machines, we need to have the movement of materials from
and to different time as stores, automated, Automated storage and Retrieval
systems- ASRS- receive orders for materials from anywhere in the production
area, collect materials in the works times. Computers and information systems
are used for placing orders for matters, give commands adjust inventory
records which show the location and quantity of materials needed.

Automated guided vehicle systems- AGVS – are pallet trucks and unit load
carriers follow embedded guide wires or paint strips to destinations as
programmed.

In an automobile showroom we can see all the work automatically with latest
machine.

2. State the important considerations for locating an

automobile plant? Collect information on layout planning of
an automobile plant from various sources and furnish the
same.

Ans: To locate an automobile company or plant many thing should be consider.

For an automobile plant automated flaw lines, automated assembly lines,
flexible manufacturing systems, global transition rapid prototyping. Building
manufacturing flexibility things are necessity.

About the automated flow lines we can say it is a machine which is linked by a
transfer system which moves the parts by using handling machines which are
also automated, we have an automated flow line.

Human intervention ma is needed to verify that the operations are taking place
according to standards. When these can be achieved with the help of
automation and the processes are conducted with self regulation, we will have
automated flow lines established.

In fixed automation or hard automation, where one component is manufactured

using services operations and machines it is possible to achieve this condition.
We assume that product life cycles are sufficiently stable to interest heavily on
the automate flow lines to achieve reduces cast per unit.

Product layouts ate designed so that the assembly tasks are performed in the
sequence they are designed at each station continuously. The finished item
came out at the end of the line.

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In automated assembly lines the moving pallets move the materials from
station to station and moving arms pick up parts, place them at specified place
and system them by perusing, riveting, & crewing or even welding. Sensors will
keep track of their activities and move the assembles to the next stage.

The machines are arranged in a sequence to perform operations according to

the technical requirements.

The tools are loaded, movements are effected, speeds controlled automatically
without the need for worker’s involvement.

The flexibility leads to better utilization of the equipments. It reduces the

numbers of systems and rids in reduction of investment as well as a space
needed to install them. One of the major cancers of modern manufacturing
systems is to be able to respond to market demands which have uncertainties.

Prototyping is a process by which a new product is developed in small number

so as to determine the suitability of the materials, study the various methods of
manufactured, type of machinery required and develop techniques to overcome
problems that may be encountered when full scale manufacture is undertaken.

Prototypes do meet the specification of the component that enters a product

and performance can be measured on these.

It helps in con be reforming the design and any shortcomings can be rectified at
low cost.

Flexibility has three dimensions in the manufacturing field. They are variety,
volume and time. Their demands will have to be satisfied. In that sense they
become constraints which restrict the maximization of productivity. Every
business will have to meet the market demands of its various products in
variety volumes of different time.

Flexibility is also needed to be able to develop new products or make

improvements in the products fast enough to cater to shifting marker needs.

Manufacturing systems have flexibility built into them to enable organization

meet global demand. You have understood how the latest trends in
manufacturing when implemented help firms to stay a head in business.

3. Who are the players in a project management? What are

the various roles and responsibilities of the players in a
project management?

Ans : At first we will discuss about project management then we will discuss
about players in project management. Project management is the practice of

Set 1 MB0028
 controlling the use of resources, such as cost, time manpower, hardware and
software involved in a project. That starts with a problem statement and end
with delivery of a complete product.

Here we will see the participants of project management:

In the project management players individual and organizations both are

involved-

That is actively involved in the project whose interests may be affected by

the outcome of the project.

Exert influence over the project and its results players or also called “stake
holders’’ of the project.
Project manager - the individual responsible for managing the project.

Customer - the individual or organization that will use the product- the end
result of the project.

Performing organization - the enterprise whose employees are mast

directly involved in doing the work of the project.

Sponsors - the individual or group within or external to the performing

organization that funds the project.

Now, we will define the role and responsibilities of project management.

Here are some roles and responsibilities:

There are number of projects which an organization works on. It is not

possible for one individual to manage all the projects.

There is a team of managers who manage the projects.

There may be different teams working on different projects.

An experienced project manager and this team may manage more than one
project at a time.

The project team is responsible for ensuring that the project upon
completion shall deliver the gain in the business for which it is intended for.

• The project team has to properly co-ordinate with each other working
on different aspects of the project.

• The team members are responsible for the completion of the project as
per the plans of the project.

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 Characteristics of project mindset: - some of the characteristics of
project mindset are the following –

Time - it is possible to improve the pace of the project by reducing the time
frame of the process. The mindset is normally to work in a comfort made by
stretching the time limits.

Responsiveness – it refers to quickness of response of an individual. The

vibrancy and livens of an individual or an organization are proportional to its
capability of evolving process and structure for superior responsiveness time
constant.

Information sharing – information is owner information is the matter key

to today’s business. Information sharing is the characteristic of the project
mindset today.

Process – project mindset lays emphasis on flexible process. The major

difference in a process and a system is in its capabilities of providing
flexibility to different situational encounters. Flexible process possesses
greater capabilities of adaptability.

Structured planning – structure planning based a project management life

cycle enables one to easily and conveniently work according to the plan.

4. What are the various steps in project monitoring and

controlling a project?

Ans : Any project aimed at delivering a product or service has to go through

phases in a planned manner in order to meet the requirements. It’s only by
careful monitoring of the project progress. It required establishing control
factors to keep the project on the track of progress. The results of any stage in
a project, depends on the inputs to that stage. It is therefore necessary to
control all the inputs and the corresponding outputs from a stage. A project
management may use certain standard trolls to keep the project on track.

Set 1 MB0028
The project manager and the team members should be fully aware of the
techniques and methods to rectify the factors influencing delay of the project
and its product. The methodology of PERT (programmer Evolution Review
Technique) and CPM (critical path method) may be used to analyze the project.
In the PERT method one car find out the variance and use the variance to
analyze the various probabilistic estimates pertaining to the project. Using the
CPM one can estimate the start time and the finish time for every event of the
project in its WBS (work Breakdown Structure).

The analysis charts can be used to monitor, control, track and execute a
project. The various steps involved in monitoring and controlling a project from
start to end are as follows-

a. Preliminary work- the team members understand the project plans,

project stage schedule, progress controls, tracking the schedules. Summary
of the members have to understand the tolerances in any change and
maintain a change control log. They must realize the need and importance of
quality for which they have to follow strictly quality agendas. They must
understand the stage status reposes, stage and reports, stage end approval
reports.

b. Project progress- The members must keep a track of the project progress
and communication the same to other related members of the project. They
must monitor and control project progress, through the use of regular check
points, quality charts. Statistical tables, control the quality factors which are
likely to deviate from expected values as any deviation may result in change
to the stage schedule.

c. Stage control- The manager must establish a project check paint cycle. For
this suitable stage version control procedure may be followed.

Set 1 MB0028
d. Resources- Plan the resources required for various stage of the project.
Brief both the project team and the key resources about the objectives of
every stage, planned activities, products, organization. Metrics and project
controls.

e. Quality control- This is very important in any project: Quality control is

possible if the project member’s follow-
Schedule quality review, Agenda for quality review, conduct quality review
and follow up.

f. Progress control- It is the main part at assessment- Progress control

assesses- monitor performance, update schedule, update casts, Re-plan
stage schedule, conduct team status review etc.
Along with we create status report, create flash reports, project status
reports etc.

g. Approvals - lastly, project sage reviews and the decisions taken and actions
planned need to be approved by the top management. The goals of such
review are to improve quality by finding defects and to improve productivity
by finding defects in a cost effective manner. The group review progress
includes several stage like planning, preparation and overview, a group
review meeting and rework recommendation and follow-up.

5. Explain the necessity and objectives of SCM?

Ans : SCM is the abbreviation of supply chain Management. It is considered by

many express worldwide as the ultimate solution towards efficient enterprise
management.

The necessity and objectives of SCM-

SCM is required by and enterprise as a tow to enhance management

effectiveness with a following organizational objective:

• Reduction of inventory

• Enactment in functional effectiveness of existing systems like ERP,

Accounting. Software and Documentation like financial reports statements
ISO 9000 Documents etc.

• Enhancement of participation level and empowerment level

• Effective integration of multiple systems like ERP, communication systems,

documentation system and secure, Design R&D systems etc.

• Better utilization of resources- men, material, equipment and money.

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• Optimization of money flow cycle within the organization as well as to and
from external agencies.

• Enhancement of value of products, operations and services and

consequently, enhancements of profitability.

• Enhancement of satisfaction level of customer and clients, supporting

institutions, statutory control agencies, supporting institutions, statutory
control agencies, suppliers and vendors, employees and executives.

• Enhancement of flexibility in the organization to help in easy

implementation of schemes involving modernization, expansion and
divestment, mergers and acquisitions.

• Enhancement of coverage and accuracy of management information

systems.

With the objectives of SCM, its implementation is required. Implementation is in

the form of various functional blocks of an organization interpenetrated through
which a smooth flow of the product development is possible.

A relatively new SCM option involves web based software with a browser
interface. Several electronic markets place for buying and selling goods and
materials.

6. What are the steps involves in SCM implementation?

Ans : There are many steps which involved in SCM implementation are-
Business Process, sales and marketing. Logistics, costing, demand planning,
trade- off analysis, environmental requirement, process stability, integrated
supply, supplier management, product design, suppliers, customers, material
specifications, etc.

Some important aspect of SCM:

• The level of competition existing in the market and the impact of competitive
forces on the product development.

• Designing and working on a strategic logic for better growth through value
invention.
• Working out new value curve in the product development along with
necessary break point.

• Using it to analyses markets and the economies in product design. Tine,

customer, quality of product and the concept of survival of fittest.

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Steps of SCM implementation:

Group customer by need:

Effective SCM groups, customer by distinct service needs those particular
segments.

Customize the logistics networks:

In designing their logistics network, companies need to focus on the service
requirement and profit potential of the customer segments identified.

Listen to signals of market demand and plan accordingly

Sales and operations planners must monitor the entire supply chain to detect
early warning signals of changing customer demand and needs.

Differentiate the product closer to the customer

Companies today no longer can afford to stock pile inventory to compensate for
possible forecasting errors; instead, they need to postpone product
differentiation in the manufacturing. Processes closer to actual customer
demand.

Strategically manage the source of supply

By working closely with their key suppliers to reduce the overall casts of owning
materials and services; SCM maximizes profit margins both for themselves, and
their supplies.

Develop a supply chain wide technology strategy

As one of the cornerstones of successful SCM information technology must be

able to support multiple levels of decision making.

Adopt channel spanning performance measures

Excellent supply performance measurement systems do more than just monitor
internal functions. They apply performance criteria that embrace both service
and financial metrics, including each account’s true profitability.

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