Topic 17.

1 Equilibrium Law
1.

D
[1]

2.

D
[1]

3.

(i)

(ii)

[SO 2 Cl 2 ]
(Kc) = [Cl 2 ][SO 2 ] ;
Ignore state symbols.
Square brackets [ ] required for the equilibrium expression.
3

7.84 10 mol of SO2 and 7.84 10 mol of Cl2;

3

7.84 10 mol dm of SO2, 7.84 10 mol dm of Cl2 and

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

7.65 10 mol dm of SO2Cl2;

12.5;
Award [1] for 10.34
Award [3] for the correct final answer

value of Kc increases;
[SO2Cl2] increases;
decrease in temperature favours (forward) reaction which is exothermic;
Do not allow ECF.

no effect on the value of Kc / depends only on temperature;

[SO2Cl2] decreases;
increase in volume favours the reverse reaction which has more
gaseous moles;
Do not allow ECF.

no effect;
catalyst increases the rate of forward and reverse reactions
(equally) / catalyst decreases activation energies (equally);

2
[12]

IB Questionbank Chemistry

4.

(a)

(i)

(ii)

correct substitution of values and numbers of bonds broken /

(1 945) + (3 436)/2253;
correct substitution of values and numbers of bonds made /
(6391)/2346;
H = (sum of energies of bonds broken) (sum of energies
of bonds formed) = (22532346) = 93 (kJ);
Ignore units.
Award [3] for correct final answer.
Award [2 max] for +93 or 93.
entropy of products = 2 192 = 384;
entropy of reactants = 193 + (3 131) = 586;
O
S (= sum of entropies of products) (sum of entropies of
1
1
reactants) / (384 586) = 202 (J K mol );
Award [3] for correct final answer.
Award [2 max] for +202 or 202.
Ignore units.
negative as more ordered/less disordered / four moles
become two moles / fewer molecules of gas;

(b)

4
1

(iii)

(G = H TS = 93 298(0.202)) = 32.8 (kJ mol );

(iv)

reaction becomes less spontaneous;

G becomes more positive/less negative /TS becomes larger;

macroscopic properties remain constant / concentrations remain constant / no

change to copper solution seen;
rate of reverse/backwards reaction = rate of forward reaction;

[ NH 3 ]

(c)

(d)

3
(Kc =) [ N 2 ][H 2 ]
Do not award mark if [ ] missing or round brackets used.

(i)

[H2] = 0.11 / 0.11 (mol dm );

3

(ii)

[N2] = 0.17 / 0.17 (mol dm );

Kc = 16;
Ignore units.
Allow ECF from incorrect equilibrium expression and incorrect
concentrations for third mark.

decrease;
heat is a product/reaction is exothermic so equilibrium
moves to left / OWTTE;

IB Questionbank Chemistry

(e)

(f)

(g)

yield increases / equilibrium moves to the right / more ammonia;

4 gas molecules 2 / decrease in volume / fewer gas molecules
on right hand side;

high pressure expensive / greater cost of operating at high pressure /

reinforced pipes etc. needed;
Do not accept high pressure is dangerous without further explanation.
lower temperature greater yield, but lowers rate;
Do not award a mark just for the word compromise.

Kc unaffected;
position of equilibrium unaffected;
rate of forward and reverse reactions are increased (equally);

3
[25]

IB Questionbank Chemistry