IntroductiontoTreeBiology:PartOne TreeSystems

Introductionto
TreeBiology
or,howthetree
,
functionsasasetof
systems

9/5/2011

NineSystems

Photosynthesis
Hydrologic
Structural
Growth
Response

CODIT
Reproductive
Chronological
Deathand
Shedding

Photosynthesis
CarbonDioxide+Water Oxygen+Sugar
CarbonDioxide+Water
energyin=sunlight

Photosynthesis
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IntroductiontoTreeBiology:PartOne TreeSystems

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SugarsaretheBuildingBlocks

Photosynthesis
CarbonDioxide+Water
CarbonDioxide+Water
Oxygen+
Oxygen+Sugar
Sugar
(6)C0
(6) C02++(6)H
(6) H20
0 (6)0
0
(6) 02 +C
+ C6H1206
energyfromsunlightisnowstoredinthesugar

Respiration
p
Oxygen+Sugar
Oxygen+Sugar CarbonDioxide+Water
energyout=metabolism

Allof
which
sounds
goodto
therestof
uswho
arealive
onthis
planet

Plantswillusesugarstomake:
Starches,Proteins,Fats,Oils,
Cellulose,Lignins
Cellulose,
Lignins,Wood,
,Wood,
Bark,Leaves,
andsoon.
Fromsimplesugarstoevermorecomplex
compounds.

Photosynthesis=
Chlorophyll=
G
GreenLeaves
L
(notalways)

IntroductiontoTreeBiology:PartOne TreeSystems

Sunlight
&C02

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Hydrologic(Circulatory)

02

H20

Partsofthe
trunkofa
tree.
Bark
InnerBark
Cambium
Sapwood
Heartwood
Innerbark
containsphloem;
woodislargely
madeupofxylem

IntroductiontoTreeBiology:PartOne TreeSystems

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Conifer(pine)

Hardwood
(redoak)

IntroductiontoTreeBiology:PartOne TreeSystems

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Structural
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IntroductiontoTreeBiology:PartOne TreeSystems

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IntroductiontoTreeBiology:PartOne TreeSystems

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Growth
Hurricanes
Icestorms

badpruning

Saturatedsoils

IntroductiontoTreeBiology:PartOne TreeSystems

Tree roots grow from the tips, in the top 18 inches or so of the soil. When
planting a tree, it is important to remove the burlap and wire from the root
ball from the upper 18 inches of the root ball, after the root ball has been
placed in the hole!

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Branches
grow in
length from
the tips with the
growth of
the tree
stored in the
buds.

Trees grow in
girth by means
of the growth
layer (cambium)
that is located
underneath the
bark of the tree,
including
i l di
on th
the
trunk and
branches and
around the roots.

IntroductiontoTreeBiology:PartOne TreeSystems

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Questions?

Conifer

Hardwood

IntroductiontoTreeBiology:PartOne TreeSystems

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Response

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IntroductiontoTreeBiology:PartOne TreeSystems

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PlantHormones:
Auxins
Gibberellins
Cytokinins

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IntroductiontoTreeBiology:PartOne TreeSystems

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decurrent form

Compression
Compression
Wood:
Conifers

Tension
Wood:
d
Hardwoods

excurrent form

geotrophic

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IntroductiontoTreeBiology:PartOne TreeSystems

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phototrophic

Terms
Excurrent strongcentralleader(e.g.pinoak)
Decurrent spreadingbranches(e.g.sugarmaple)
Geotropic guidedbygravity(mostconifers)
Phototropic guidedbyaccesstolight(most
)
hardwoods)
(Allplantsaregeotropic,inthesensethatrootsgrow
downfromtheseedandstemsgrowup)

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IntroductiontoTreeBiology:PartOne TreeSystems

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CODIT

Compartmentalization
Compartmentalization
ofDecay
in Trees
inTrees

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IntroductiontoTreeBiology:PartOne TreeSystems

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Compartmentalization
variesfromspeciestospecies
treetotree

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IntroductiontoTreeBiology:PartOne TreeSystems

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Reproduction

Whyyouneedtoknowabout
reproductionintrees
Floraldisplay(ornamentalsespecially)
Fruitsandfruitingissues
Pollen(increasinglyaproblemin
cities!)
Pollinators ofconcernforafew
Pollinators
of concern for a few
reasons
Asexualreproduction e.g.suckering

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IntroductiontoTreeBiology:PartOne TreeSystems

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Perfectortwosexedflower

MaleandFemaleTrees??
Monoecious Trees:onehouse individual
maleandfemaleflowersonthesametree.
l
df
l fl
th
t
Dioecious Trees:twohouses maleand
femaleflowersondifferenttrees.
Synecious Trees treeswithperfectflowers
(thepawpaw(Asimina triloba)isanexample)

Red Maples
in spring

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IntroductiontoTreeBiology:PartOne TreeSystems

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Chronological

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IntroductiontoTreeBiology:PartOne TreeSystems

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Growthvariesfromseasontoseason

SugarmapleinNewHampshire

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IntroductiontoTreeBiology:PartOne TreeSystems

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Death&Shedding

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IntroductiontoTreeBiology:PartOne TreeSystems

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bark
phloem
hl
cambium
sapwood
heartwood

Questions?
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IntroductiontoTreeBiology:PartOne TreeSystems

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Summary
Trees are woody, highly competitive,
highly organized organisms that
photosynthesize, and use the products
of photosynthesis to develop a variety
of structures and conduct a varietyy of
functions that are necessary to keep it
alive.

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