10

CHAPTER 2. OPERATION CONDITIONS AT VERDO

Table 2.1: Proximate analysis of the fuel used at Verdo. 1) Wood chips. 2) Dark biopellets. 3) Light bio-pellets (oat peel). 4) Light bio-pellets 2. 4) Seed pellets. 5) Wood
pellets. 6) Miscellaneous biomass dust. See Appendix C.6 on page 144 for analysis and
pictures.
1

Ash, wt%

0.77

7.72

3.68

2.79

7.28

1.06

0.58

3.85

Water, wt%

42.6

17.02

8.42

13.18

14.23

7.90

6.17

11.15

FC, wt%

VM, wt%

49

Heating value [GJ/ton]

10.49

2-7 averaged

7
78
15.67

17.27

16.34

15.61

18.45

18.88

17.04

Table 2.2: Ultimate analysis of the fuel used at Verdo on dry basis with the Gross
Calorific Value(GCV), and Net Calorific Value(NCV). 1) Wood chips. 2) Dark biopellets. 3) Light bio-pellets (oat peel). 4) Light bio-pellets 2. 4) Seed pellets. 5) Wood
pellets. 6) Miscellaneous biomass dust. See Appendix C.6 on page 144 for pictures.
1

(2-7)averaged

Ash, wt%

0.8

7.6

3.6

2.7

7.5

0.5

3.82

Cl, wt%

0.02

0.08

0.06

0.07

0.12

0.01

0.01

0.06

S, wt%

0.01

0.2

0.08

0.08

0.16

0.01

0.01

0.09

C, wt%

49.6

47.2

46.8

47.3

44.7

50.1

50

47.68

H, wt%

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.05

N, wt%

0.17

2.69

0.88

0.66

2.23

0.11

0.07

1.11

O, wt%

43

36

43

43

39

43

43

41.17

GCV

20.11

19.40

19.10

19.21

18.62

20.26

20.30

19.54

NCV

18.8

18.09

17.78

17.89

17.30

18.96

18.98

18.17

tion, is usually conducted on a dry, ash free wt% basis. The main elements in
a ultimate analysis is C, O, H, N, S and Cl and sometimes heavier compounds
such as K, Ca, Si, Al. The proximate and ultimate analyses are presented in
Table 2.1 and Table 2.2. The fuel number 1 is the wood chips and fuel number
2-7 are the fuel used for suspension firing. As no information on the distribution
of VM and FC was given, the value of 0.07 wt% for FC in reference [18] was
used. This yields a VM value of 49 wt% for the wood chips and 78 wt% for the
biomass. In order not to have seven different analyses, the average values for
water, carbon, ash ect. for the six different biomass fuels used in the suspension firing are found. The six different biomass fuels are assumed to have an
equally distribution of weight according to Verdo. This, combined with that the
six fuels are not that different in contents, makes the averaging approximation
reasonable. This average value is the last column in Table 2.1 and Table 2.2
named 2-7 averaged.