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BasetransceiverstationWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Basetransceiverstation
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Abasetransceiverstation(BTS)isapieceofequipmentthatfacilitates
wirelesscommunicationbetweenuserequipment(UE)andanetwork.UEs
aredeviceslikemobilephones(handsets),WLLphones,computerswith
wirelessInternetconnectivity.Thenetworkcanbethatofanyofthe
wirelesscommunicationtechnologieslikeGSM,CDMA,wirelesslocal
loop,WiFi,WiMAXorotherwideareanetwork(WAN)technology.
BTSisalsoreferredtoastheradiobasestation(RBS),nodeB(in3G
Networks)or,simply,thebasestation(BS).FordiscussionoftheLTE
standardtheabbreviationeNBforevolvednodeBiswidelyused.
ThoughthetermBTScanbeapplicabletoanyofthewireless
communicationstandards,itisgenerallyassociatedwithmobile
communicationtechnologieslikeGSMandCDMA.Inthisregard,aBTS
formspartofthebasestationsubsystem(BSS)developmentsforsystem
management.Itmayalsohaveequipmentforencryptinganddecrypting
communications,spectrumfilteringtools(bandpassfilters),etc.antennas
mayalsobeconsideredascomponentsofBTSingeneralsenseasthey
facilitatethefunctioningofBTS.TypicallyaBTSwillhaveseveral
transceivers(TRXs)whichallowittoserveseveraldifferentfrequencies
anddifferentsectorsofthecell(inthecaseofsectorisedbasestations).A
BTSiscontrolledbyaparentbasestationcontrollerviathebasestation
controlfunction(BCF).TheBCFisimplementedasadiscreteunitoreven
incorporatedinaTRXincompactbasestations.TheBCFprovidesan
operationsandmaintenance(O&M)connectiontothenetwork
managementsystem(NMS),andmanagesoperationalstatesofeachTRX,
aswellassoftwarehandlingandalarmcollection.Thebasicstructureand
functionsoftheBTSremainsthesameregardlessofthewireless
technologies.

AnactualBTSdevice

Contents
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Generalarchitecture
TermsregardingamobileBTS
Seealso
Furtherreading
Externallinks
References

Generalarchitecture
ABTSisusuallycomposedof:

AtypicalBTStowerwhichholdsthe
antenna.Thetowerisquitewidely
misinterpretedastheBTSitself.The
shelterwhichhousestheactualBTS
canalsobeseen.

Transceiver(TRX)
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Quitewidelyreferredtoasthedriverreceiver(DRX),DRXare
eitherinformofsingle(sTRU),double(dTRU)oracomposite
doubleradiounit(DRU).Itbasicallydoestransmissionandreception
ofsignals.Italsodoessendingandreceptionofsignalstoandfrom
highernetworkentities(likethebasestationcontrollerinmobile
telephony).
Poweramplifier(PA)
AmplifiesthesignalfromDRXfortransmissionthroughantenna
maybeintegratedwithDRX.
Combiner
CombinesfeedsfromseveralDRXssothattheycouldbesentout
throughasingleantenna.Allowsforareductioninthenumberof
antennaused.
Multiplexer
Forseparatingsendingandreceivingsignalsto/fromantenna.Does
sendingandreceivingsignalsthroughthesameantennaports(cables
toantenna).
Antenna
ThisisthestructurethattheBTSliesunderneathitcanbeinstalled
asitisordisguisedinsomeway(Concealedcellsites).
Alarmextensionsystem
CollectsworkingstatusalarmsofvariousunitsintheBTSand
extendsthemtooperationsandmaintenance(O&M)monitoring
stations.
Controlfunction
ControlsandmanagesthevariousunitsofBTS,includingany
software.Onthespotconfigurations,statuschanges,software
upgrades,etc.aredonethroughthecontrolfunction.
Basebandreceiverunit(BBxx)
Frequencyhopping,signalDSP.

AmobileBTS

TermsregardingamobileBTS
Diversitytechniques
Toimprovethequalityofthereceivedsignal,oftentworeceiving
antennasareused,placedatadistanceequaltoanoddmultipleofa
ABTSmountedonabuilding
quarterofthecorrespondingwavelength.For900MHz,this
wavelengthis30cm.Thistechnique,knownasantennadiversityor
spacediversity,avoidsinterruptioncausedbypathfading.The
antennascanbespacedhorizontallyorvertically.Horizontalspacingrequiresmorecomplexinstallation,but
bringsbetterperformance.
Otherthanantennaorspacediversity,thereareotherdiversitytechniquessuchasfrequency/timediversity,
antennapatterndiversity,andpolarizationdiversity.
Splittingreferstotheflowofpowerwithinaparticularareaofthecell,knownasasector.Everyfieldcan
thereforebeconsideredlikeonenewcell.
DirectionalantennasreduceLoRa(LongRange)interference.Ifnotsectorised,thecellwillbeservedbyan
omnidirectionalantenna,whichradiatesinalldirections.Atypicalstructureisthetrisector,alsoknownasclover,
inwhichtherearethreesectorsservedbyseparateantennas.Eachsectorhasaseparatedirectionoftracking,

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typicallyof120withrespecttotheadjacentones.Otherorientationsmay
beusedtosuitthelocalconditions.Bisectoredcellsarealsoimplemented.
Thesearemostoftenorientedwiththeantennasservingsectorsof180
separationtooneanother,butagain,localvariationsdoexist.

Seealso
OpenBTS
CellID
Cellsite
Cellonwheels
Mobilecellsites
OpenCellID

Furtherreading
SatoshiMaruyamaKatsuhikoTanahashiTakehikoHiguchi(2002).
BaseTransceiverStationforWCDMASystem(PDF).FUJITSUSci.
Tech.J.p.7.

Electronicequipmentboxatthebase
ofcellphonetoweratChinawal
village,India

Externallinks
U.S.Patent6,577,878(https://www.google.com/patents/US6577878)

References

WikimediaCommonshas
mediarelatedtoMobile
phonebasestations.

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