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GPON Fundamentals

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Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

References

ITU-T 984.1

ITU-T 984.2

ITU-T 984.3

ITU-T 984.4

Copyright 2008Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page1

Objectives

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Describe GPON Network Architecture

Outline GPON Basic Concepts

Outline GPON Applications

Copyright 2008Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page2

Contents
1. Overview of Optical Access Network
2. Basic Concepts of GPON

3. GPON Key Technologies


4. Basic Services over GPON Network

Copyright 2008Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page3

Contents
1. Overview of Optical Access Network
2. Basic Concepts of GPON

3. GPON Key Technologies


4. Basic Services over GPON Network

Copyright 2008Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page4

Architecture of Optical Access Network


Customer Premise
Equipment

Center Office

DSLAM

xDSL 2~20Mbps

ODN

3.5-5km
Remote Business

Curb

2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up

FTTC

OLT
DSLAM

FTTH

OLT

2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up

ONT
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up

FTTB

OLT
ONU

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Page5

What is Optical Access Network?

From the architecture diagram, the optical access network comprises the
following scenarios:

FTTB scenario

MTU :Business Multi-tenant unit ; providing a comparatively larger number of ports,


including POTS, 10/100/1000BASE-T and DS1/T1/E1 ports.

FTTC & FTTCab scenario

SBU : Single business unit ; providing a comparatively small number of ports such as POTS,
10/100/1000BASE-T and DS1/T1/E1 ports

MDU : Multi-dwelling unit ;providing a comparatively larger number of ports, including


10/100/1000BASE-T, VDSL2, and so on.

FTTH scenario

SFU : Single family unit , providing a comparatively small number of ports, including following
types: POTS, 10/100/1000BASE-T, and RF.

Copyright 2008Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page6

Contents
1. Overview of Optical Access Network
2. Basic Concepts of GPON

3. GPON Key Technologies


4. Basic Services over GPON Network

Copyright 2008Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page7

What is GPON?
Passive Optical Network

PSTN
Passive Optical
Splitter

Internet
Optical Line
Terminal

IPTV

...

GPON: Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network

PON is short for Passive Optical Network ;

GPON architecture: Passive optical network featuring one-to-multiple-point;


Optical Line Terminal (OLT)

Optical Network Unit (ONU)

Optical Distribution Network (ODN).

Copyright 2008Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

...

...

Optical
Network Termination

Optical Network
Unit

...

Page8

Why GPON?
<1Mbps
Access
Technology
Coverage
diameter

PON

Copper Based

Copper Based

Fiber Based

<2km

~20km

<1km

VoD
HDTV
Game

Internet
Video conference
Remote control
2003

Live TV
VoD
HDTV

2006

2010
Time

GPON supports :

2.5G

VDSL / ADSL2+

2002

25M

ADSL/ADSL2+

<3km

Service
requirements

8M

3M

Triple-play service

HDTV: 16-20M/program;

Data: 10M;

Video Conference: 4.5M

High-bandwidth up to 1.25Gbps/2.5Gbps
Long-reach up to 20km

GPON is the choice of large carriers in the international market.

Copyright 2008Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page9

GPON Principle----Data Multiplexing

GPON adopts Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology,

facilitating bi-direction communication over a single fiber.


1310nm

ONU/ONT
ODN

OLT
1490nm

To separate upstream/downstream signals of multiple users over a single fiber,


GPON adopts two multiplexing mechanisms:

In downstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a broadcast manner;


In upstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a TDMA manner

Copyright 2008Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page10

GPON Principle----Downstream
Data for specified ONU

1
Data for specified ONU

Broadcast mode

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Page11

GPON Principle----Upstream

Data from specified user

1
Data from specified ONU

TDMA (Time Division Multiplex Access) mode

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Page12

Basic Performance Parameters


Data Rate

1.24416/

(Upstream/Downstream

2.48832

Gbps)
Maximum physical reach

20 km

Maximum differential

20 km

fibre Distance
Split ratio

The distance
between nearest
and farthest
ONTs

164/up to1128

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Page13

GPON Network Model Reference


UNI

R/S

ODN

S/R

SNI

OLT

ONU/ONT
ONU/ONT
T reference point

IFpon

WDM

NE

WDM
Optical
splitter

ONU

Optical Network Unit

ONT

Optical Network Terminal

ODN

Optical Distribution Network

OLT

Optical Line Terminal

WDM

Wavelength Division Multiplex Module

NE

Network Element

SNI

Service Node Interface

UNI

User Network Interface

Copyright 2008Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Service node

V reference point

IFpon

NE

Page14

GPON Multiplexing Architecture


GEM Port: the minimum unit for carrying
services.

O
N
U

IFpon

T-CONT

T-CONT

O
N
U

T-CONT

O
N
U

T-CONT

Port
Port
Port

T-CONT: Transmission Containers is a kind of


buffer that carries services. It is mainly used to
transmit upstream data units. T-CONT is
introduced to realize the dynamic bandwidth
assignment of the upstream bandwidth, so as to
enhance the utilization of the line.

Port
Port

Port

Port

IF pon: GPON interface.

Based on the mapping scheme, service traffic is


carried to different GEM ports and then to
different T-CONTs. The mapping between the
GEM port and the T-CONT is flexible. A GEM port
can correspond to a T-CONT; or multiple GEM
Ports can correspond to the same T-CONT.

Port

A GPON interface of an ONU contains one or


multiple T-CONTs.

ONU-ID
identifies ONUs

Alloc-IDs identifies
T-CONTs

Port-ID
identifies GEM
ports

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Page15

GPON Multiplexing Architecture


OLT

ONT
GEM Port

GEM Port

T-CONT

T-CONT

IF-PON

IF-PON

SNI

UNI
Classification

QoS/
Forward

GEM port
Optical Fiber

T-CONT

GEM port
Virtual
UNI

flow

OLT

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Classification

ONU

Page16

Mapping of TDM Service in GPON


TDM Buffer
Ingress buffer

TDM/E1

TDM/E1 data

GEM Frame
PLI
Port ID
PTI
HEC

Payload
TDM fragment

TDM frames are buffered and queued as they arrive, then TDM data is multiplexed

in to fixed-length GEM frames for transmission.

This scheme does not vary TDM services but transmit TDM services transparently.

Featuring fixed length, GEM frames benefits the transmission of TDM services

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Page17

Mapping of Ethernet Service in GPON


Ethernet Packet
Inter packet gap

GEM Frame
PLI
5 bytes

Port ID
Preamble
SFD

PTI
CRC

DA
SA

Length\Type

GEM
Payload

MAC client data


FEC
EOF

GPON system resolves Ethernet frames and then directly maps the data of frames

into the GEM Payload.

GEM frames automatically encapsulate header information.

Mapping format is clear and it is easy for devices to support this mapping. It also

boasts good compatibility.


Copyright 2008Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page18

Contents
1. Overview of Optical Access Network
2. Basic Concepts of PON

3. GPON Key Technologies


4. Basic Services over GPON Network

Copyright 2008Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page19

GPON Key Technologies

T-CONT

Attenuation

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Page20

T-CONT Bandwidth Terms

Transmission Containers (T-CONTs): it dynamically receives grants delivered by OLT. T-CONTs are used

for the management of upstream bandwidth allocation in the PON section of the Transmission
Convergence layer. T-CONTs are primarily used to improve the upstream bandwidth use on the PON.

T-CONT BW type falls into FB, AB, NAB, and BE.

Five T-CONT types: Type1, Type2, Type3, Type4, and Type5.

Copyright 2008Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page21

Fibre Attenuation and Power Budget

Fiber attenuation relates to the fibre length

The attenuation of fibre splicing point is

About 0.35 dB per km


for 1310,1490nm

generally less than 0.2dB

Other factors may cause attenuation, such

as fibre bending
Table G.984.2 Classes for optical path loss

Class A

Class B

Class B

Class C

Minimum loss

5 dB

10 dB

13 dB

15 dB

Maximum loss

20 dB

25 dB

28 dB

30 dB

Huaweis OLT and ONU


28 dB (Class B+)

NOTE The requirements of a particular class may be more


stringent for one system type than for another, e.g. the class C
attenuation range is inherently more stringent for TCM systems
due to the use of a 1:2 splitter/combiner at each side of the ODN,
each having a loss of about 3 dB.

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Page22

Parameters of GPON (Class B+)


Items

Unit

Single fibre

OLT:

OLT

Mean launched power MIN

dBm

+1.5

Mean launched power MAX

dBm

Minimum sensitivity

dBm

-28

Minimum overload

dBm

-8

ONU:

ONU

Mean launched power MIN

dBm

0.5

Mean launched power MAX

dBm

Minimum sensitivity

dBm

-27

Minimum overload

dBm

-8

Copyright 2008Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page23

Contents
1. Overview of Optical Access Network
2. Basic Concepts of PON

3. GPON Key Technologies


4. Basic Services over GPON Network

Copyright 2008Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page24

GPON Service Provisioning


Carriers nightmare

Initial configurations (such as service system information


configuration, data configuration) are required on
terminals and then they can be put into use. To finish these
configurations, it is not cost-effective to carriers.

Flexible Configuration plan of GPON


GPON supports zero configuration on terminals
and plug-and-play of terminals, which is costeffective.

Application scenario
1

Order Management

CRM

Subscribe for services

Service Provisioning

Billing

Configure service network

NMS 2000
3

Send terminals to users

Use OMCI to finishing data


configuration on ONT
3

User

STB

Finish the auto-configuration of OLT

Access Network

2
ONT
ONT
Start up ONT and make registration with serial number

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ONT

Page25

ONT

Triple Play Solution in GPON


BB service platform
PC

TL1/CORBA
/API
SFU

IPTV

Notification

Carriers OSS

VoD
Server
Middle
ware

NMS

Phone

CPE

Ethernet

MDU

IP Core
Splitter

PC

OLT

Firewall

BRAS

SBU

Phone

Intern
et

AAA Server

Softswitch
FE

CBU
E1

IP
Voice

CPE

ODN

NSP

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ASP/ISP

Page26

Questions

GPON network architecture?

Describe GPON service provisioning?

Copyright 2008Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page27

Summary

In this presentation, we introduced GPON basic


concept ,architecture ,and principle.

We also discussed about GPON service provisioning and


application.

Copyright 2008Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page28

Thank you
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