Experimental Data

Trial 1
Samp
le
1
2
3
4
Trial 2
Samp
le
1
2
3
4
Trial 3
Samp
le
1
2
3
4

30 NaOH; 30 EtOAC

Vi

5
10
15
20

49
45.8
42.6
39.5

Vf
45.8
42.6
39.5
36.8

V
3.2
3.2
3.1
2.7

50 NaOH; 30 EtOAC

Vi
36.8
34.3
31.8
29.8

5
10
15
20

Vf
34.3
31.8
29.8
27.9

V
2.5
2.5
2
1.9

30 NaOH; 30 EtOAC

t
5
10
15
20

Vi
27.9
25.3
22.7
20

Vf
25.3
22.7
20
17.4

V
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.6

Properties
Reactor Volume.
Concentration of NaOH in the reactor, CNaOH

:400 mL
: 0.02M

Concentration of NaOH in the feed vessel, CNaOH,f

: 0.02M

Concentration of HCl quench, CHCl,s

: 0.1 M

Volume of sample, Vs

: 10mL

SAMPLE OF CALCULATIONS
Residence Time
1

For flow rates of 30 ml/min :

Residence Time,

Reactor volume ( L ) ,V
L
Total flow rate
, v0
min

Total flow rate, Vo

= Flow rate of NaOH + Flow rate of Et(Ac)

( )

= 30 mL/min NaOH + 30 mL/min Et(Ac)

= 60 mL/min
= 0.06 L/min
Hence,
0.4 L
Residence Time, = 0.06 L/min

= 6.6667 min

placed in Table 7.3

Other residence times were calculated by the same way, and varying the flow rates.

Conversion
For flow rates of 30 ml/min :
Moles of reacted NaOH, n1,
n1= Concentration NaOH x Volume of NaOH titrated
= 0.02 M x (3.2x 10-3) L
= 6.4x 10-5mole

Processed Data

Trial 1 Plot Xa vs t
0.068
f(x) = 0x^2 - 0x + 0.07
0.066
R = 1
0.064

0.064

Trial 2 Plot Xa vs t
f(x) = 0x^2 - 0x + 0.07
R = 1

Trial 3 Plot Xa vs t
0.130
f(x) = 0x + 0.08
R = 0.99 0.103
0.093

0.119

DISCUSSION
In this discussion, we are able to carry a reaction between NaOH and EtAc in plug flow
reactor. These two solutions react together in the PFR to complete saponification reaction. Plug
Flow Reactor (PFR) is a type of reactor that consists of a cylindrical pipe and is usually operated
at steady state. The feed enter at one end of a cylindrical tube and leaves product from the end of
cylindrical tube. The long tube and the lack of provision for stirring prevent complete mixing of
the fluid in the tube. At the end of the experiment, we are able to determine the reaction rate
constant by using formula and to determine the effect of time on the conversion in the plug flow
reactor. The experiment is started by running up the equipment in order to start the saponification
process.
We used this formula to determine residence which is use for a function of total flow
rates of the feed by time before plotting the graph,
=
Residence Time,

Reactor volume ( L ) ,V
L
Total flow rate
, v0
min

( )

From the graph that had been plotted, we can say that the conversion factor is
inversely proportional to the residence time at certain point then a small changes an increase
of graph conversion to the residence time .
Supposedly, the result of conversion factor is inversely proportional to the residence
time expect for trial 3. This is maybe due to the error occurred during conducted the
experiment. Thus, when the residence time is increases, the conversion factor also decreases.
Conversion, xA is the number of moles of A that reacted per mole of A fed to the
system. The conversion is defined with respect to the basis of the calculation and in this case,
species A is taken as the basis of the calculation. PFR lacks a good mixing process due to PFR
is designed not to stir the solution vigorously to maximize mixing process, the conversion of
the reaction by using PFR is fairly low. The experiment also aims to evaluate the reaction rate
constants and rate of reaction values of the reaction. Both of these properties have been
determined in the result section.
4