Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
2012
Acknowledgement
Sincere thanks go to,
Prof. C.B. Dissanayake, Director, Institute of Fundamental Studies.
Mr. K.T.Waisundara, Secretary, Institute of Fundamental Studies.
Dr. C.T.K. Tilakaratne, Coordinator, Institute of Fundamental Studies.
And all academic, non academic staff of the Institute of Fundamental Studies.
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Abstract
Occupational Safety and Health is a really effective fact in the field of Human resource
management. Its really important as Moral of the employees, economic status of the
institute, and a legal area of the country depends on the balance of this matter.
In present, OSH is practiced in Sri Lankan institutes, but not in a large scale as other
countries do. As I had to complete a project to submit for my Advance certificate in Human
Resource Management, I thought it would be much obliged, to do a research on
Occupational Health and Safety at Institute of Fundamental Studies, which is one of the
leading science research facility of Sri Lanka.
First I obtained permission from the Director and then prepared a questionnaire to get data
on the present situations. Then completed this project with handing out a copy to the
director, which I hope, will really helpful to the administration of the institute to implement
new Safety and health procedures.
For more details, please refer the project report.
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List of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT....................................................................................1
ABSTRACT.................................................................................................... 2
LIST OF CONTENTS.......................................................................................3
LIST OF DRAFTS........................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................5
INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONS OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH.....................................6
IMPORTANCE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH................................................................7
Why Occupational safety?......................................................................................... 7
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT...............................................................................8
Introduction.............................................................................................................. 8
OSHA at a glance...................................................................................................... 8
Rights and Responsibilities.................................................................................................. 8
OSHA Standards.................................................................................................................. 9
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CHAPTER TWO............................................................................................ 21
INTRODUCTION TO INSTITUTE OF FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES (IFS).................................................22
Brain Computer Interface project............................................................................22
Solid state chemistry and Condensed Matter Physics project.................................22
The Microbial Biotechnology Unit............................................................................22
Ecology and environmental biology........................................................................23
Cell Biology project.................................................................................................23
The Bio-fuel research project..................................................................................23
Chemical and Environmental Systems Modeling.....................................................24
Geothermal project................................................................................................. 24
The Food Science & Nutrition Group.......................................................................24
Science Dissemination Unit.....................................................................................25
Research on the behavior and ecology of wild primates.........................................25
Annual Budget of IFS...............................................................................................26
Objective................................................................................................................. 26
Goals....................................................................................................................... 26
Organizational Structure.........................................................................................27
PRESENT SAFETY AND HEALTH PRACTICE OF INSTITUTE OF FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES....................28
Most Important facts of the IFS Insurance policy.....................................................28
Employees Trust Fund benefits..............................................................................28
FOCUSED MAIN MATTERS AND DATA ANALYZE........................................................................29
Focused main matters of the institute....................................................................29
Analyze of the data collected..................................................................................30
CHAPTER THREE.........................................................................................32
SUGGESTIONS................................................................................................................. 33
Environment and other........................................................................................... 33
Laboratory safety and other arrangements should implement...............................33
PROPOSED SAFETY AND HEALTH POLICY FOR INSTITUTE OF FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES......................35
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................... 37
REFERENCE................................................................................................ 38
ANNEXES.................................................................................................... 39
List of Drafts
Draft one: organizational chart of the Institute of Fundamental Studies27
Draft two: Ground floor map of the Institute of Fundamental Studies...29
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Chapter one
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Situation where no problems in maintaining good physical, mental and social conditions
which reduce workers normal or special activities / work
World Health Organization
Protecting employee and other people affected by what the Institute produces and does
against the hazards arising from their employment of their links with the Institute.
Michel Armstrong (1998)
Occupational Health and Safety encompasses the Social, Mental and Physical well-being of
workers, that is the whole person.
International Labour Organization
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huge costs to the State (e.g. through social security payments to the incapacitated, costs
for medical treatment, and the loss of the "employability" of the worker especially in
countries where the welfare of the citizens are taken as paramount to national
development).
Costs to employer in the event of an incident at work through payments e.g. legal fees,
fines, compensatory damages, investigation time, lost production, lost goodwill from the
workforce, from customers and from the wider community).
Legal
:
without extra "encouragement" of potential regulatory action
or litigation, many organizations would not act upon their implied moral obligations.
Occupational Safety and health (OSH) is important, mainly because of the above mentioned
attributes. But in addition, it seeks to secure the health, safety and welfare of all persons at
work and other persons who may be at risk as a result of activities at work. And also it
monitors, employers maintain plants and systems that are reasonably and practicably safe;
they ensure safe methods of handling, storing and transporting materials and also provide
adequate induction, training and supervision in those methods.
In every year, 2nd week of October is declared as the National Safety Week. In order to mark
the occasion island wide Occupational Safety and Health awareness programmes will be
conduct. Main programme will be conducted in Colombo.
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Receive information and training (in a language workers can understand) about chemical
and other hazards, methods to prevent harm, and OSHA standards that apply to their
workplace.
Review records of work-related injuries and illnesses.
Get copies of test results done to find and measure hazards in the workplace.
Use their rights under the law without retaliation or discrimination. If an employee is fired,
demoted, transferred or discriminated against in any way for using their rights under the law,
they can file a complaint with labour department.
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OSHA Standards
OSHA standards are rules that describe the methods employers are legally required to follow
to protect their workers from hazards. Before OSHA can issue a standard, it must go through
a very extensive and lengthy process that includes substantial public engagement, notice and
comment. The agency must show that a significant risk to workers exists and that there are
feasible measures employers can take to protect their workers.
Construction, General Industry, Maritime, and Agriculture standards protect workers from a
wide range of serious hazards. These standards limit the amount of hazardous chemicals
workers can be exposed to, require the use of certain safe practices and equipment, and
require employers to monitor certain workplace hazards.
Examples of OSHA standards include requirements to provide fall protection, prevent
trenching cave-ins, prevent exposure to some infectious diseases, ensure the safety of
workers who enter confined spaces, prevent exposure to such harmful substances as asbestos
and lead, put guards on machines, provide respirators or other safety equipment, and provide
training for certain dangerous jobs.
Employers must also comply with the General Duty Clause of the OSH Act. This clause
requires employers to keep their workplaces free of serious recognized hazards and is
generally cited when no specific OSHA standard applies to the hazard.
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Part I of the Factories Ordinance addresses the Registration of Factories and Approval of Factory
Buildings.
Part II Health (General Provisions)
Part III - Safety (General Provisions)
Part IV Welfare (General Provisions)
Part V - Health, Safety and Welfare (Special Provisions and Regulations)
Part VI Notification and Investigation of Accidents and Industrial Diseases
Part VII addresses Employment of Women and Young Persons Hours and holidays
Part VIII Special Applications and Extensions (of) Premises in respect of which Owner is Liable
Part IX Homework
Part X Miscellaneous
Part XI Administration
Part XII repealed by Amendment No. 12 of 1976
Part XIII Supplementary: Offences, Penalties and Legal Proceedings
Part XIV Application of Ordinance
Part XV Interpretation and General Interpretation.
Part II addresses Health and Hygiene:
Cleanliness
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Any premises that forms part of an institution which is established for charitable or reformatory
purposes or for technical or vocational training but is not a factory, and where:
There is any manual labour in the making, altering, repairing, ornamenting, finishing,
washing, cleaning, or adapting for sale, of articles not intended for the use of the institution
Section 82 of the same Part VIII, titled Docks, Wharves, Quays, Warehouses and Ships addresses safety
measures in respect of docks, wharfs or quays:
with respect to steam boilers
with respect to welfare regulations;
special regulations for safety and health;
and shall apply to the processes of:
Loading, unloading or coaling of any ship in any dock, harbour or canal, and to all machinery or plant
used in those processes. The word plant under this sub-section includes any gangway or ladder used
by any person employed to load or unload or coal a ship.
Section 84 titled Building and other Construction Works applies to:
Building and other construction works undertaken by way of trade or business,
The purpose of any industrial or commercial undertaking,
To any line or siding which is used in connection with this undertaking and is not part of a railway or
tramway.
Section 86 deals with Lead Processes carried on in places other than factories and states the following
provisions:
The employment of women and young persons in certain processes connected with lead manufacture
and in process involving the use of lead compounds;
Notification to be sent to the Chief Factory Inspecting Engineer, or to the District Factory Inspecting
Engineer for the district, of lead poisoning contracted or occurring in factories;
Powers and duties of Factory Inspecting Engineers
Offences, penalties and legal proceedings
Part IX addresses Home Work:
Section 87 applies to any place of business which is either sub-contracting manufacturing processes or is
involved in the manufacturing process as if it were a factory.
The owner must:
Keep a register of the names and addresses of all workers either as workmen or contractors
This register shall be open to an inspection by any Factory Inspecting Engineer, and by any officer
duly authorized by the Minister,
How government ensures that the provisions are followed at the workplaces
According to Part XI titled Administration, the Commissioner of Labour is the officer in
charge of the administration of the Factories Ordinance. He may delegate his duties to
officials listed under the Ordinance.
Under Section 99 an Industrial Safety and Health Advisory Committee consisting of:
Chief Factory Inspecting Engineer, (Chairman);
Four other members will be appointed by the Minister, of whom at least one member
shall :1.
represent the interests of the occupiers of factories,
2.
represent the interests of the persons employed in factories, and
3.
be a specialist in the field of industrial safety and health
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By Section 101, the Ordinance empowers The Commissioner, the Chief Factory Inspecting
Engineer, and others as per the Section to enter, inspect and examine by day or night any
premises, in order to fully implement the law:
which he has reasonable cause to believe this Ordinance applies;
which is adjacent to any premises where there are stored explosive or inflammable
materials or other substances which would expose the persons employed in the
premises to risk of injury
even premises to which this Ordinance does not apply but in which health or welfare
facilities are provided by the occupier of any premises
No woman shall be employed for more than ten days on night work,
during any one month
To promote and maintain highest possible level of physical, mental and social well being of
the Sri Lankan workforce.
To prevent workers deviating from good health to ill health due to exposure to hazards and
risks encountered at work.
Secondary functions
To intervene in conflict situations between employers and employees
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To assist the chief factory inspecting engineer and his staff in matters pertaining to
occupational health.
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Hazards
Recognition of Hazards
A workplace hazard can be defined as any condition that may adversely affect the well-being
or health of exposed persons. Recognition of hazards in any occupational activity involves
characterization of the workplace by identifying hazardous agents and groups of workers
potentially exposed to these hazards. The hazards might be of chemical, biological or
physical origin. Some hazards in the work environment are easy to recognize-for example,
irritants, which have an immediate irritating effect after skin exposure or inhalation. Others
are not so easy to recognize-for example, chemicals which are accidentally formed and have
no warning properties. Some agents like metals (e.g., lead, mercury, cadmium, manganese),
which may cause injury after several years of exposure, might be easy to identify if you are
aware of the risk. A toxic agent may not constitute a hazard at low concentrations or if no
one is exposed. Basic to the recognition of hazards are identification of possible agents at the
workplace, knowledge about health risks of these agents and awareness of possible exposure
situations.
Categories of Hazards
Chemical Hazards
:
Chemicals enter the body principally through inhalation, skin
absorption or ingestion. The toxic effect might be acute, chronic or both.
(Corrosion, Irritation, Allergic reactions, Asphyxiation, Cancer, Reproductive Effects, Systemic
poisons)
Biological Hazard
:
Biological hazards can be defined as organic dusts originating
from different sources of biological origin such as virus, bacteria, fungi, proteins from
animals or substances from plants such as degradation products of natural fibers. The
aetiological agent might be derived from a viable organism or from contaminants or
constitute a specific component in the dust. Biological hazards are grouped into infectious
and non-infectious agents. Non-infectious hazards can be further divided into viable
organisms, biogenic toxins and biogenic allergens.
(Infectious hazards, Viable organisms and biogenic toxins, Biogenic allergens)
Physical Hazards
(Noise, Vibration, Ionizing radiation, Non-ionizing radiation, electrical, working from heights)
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Ergonomic hazards :
occur when the type of work, body position and working
conditions put strain on the body. They are the hardest to spot since employees don't always
immediately notice the strain on their body or the harm these hazards pose.
(poor lighting, frequent lifting, poor posture, improperly adjusted workstations and chairs)
Mechanical Hazards :
(Impact force, Struck by objects, confined space, slips and trips, entanglement, compressed air)
Psychosocial Issues
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Medical surveillance is used to detect the presence or absence of adverse health effects for
an individual from occupational exposure to contaminants, by performing medical
examinations and appropriate biological tests.
Environmental surveillance is used to document potential exposure to contaminants for a
group of employees, by measuring the concentration of contaminants in the air, in bulk
samples of materials, and on surfaces.
Biological surveillance is used to document the absorption of contaminants into the body and
correlate with environmental contaminant levels, by measuring the concentration of
hazardous substances or their metabolites in the blood, urine or exhaled breath of workers.
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Role of Representatives
Health and safety representatives (HSRs) play an important role in the partnership between
employers and employees by ensuring that employees have the opportunity to participate in
decisions affecting their health and safety at work. HSR is kind of an agent appointed by a
vote to represent the employees, on health and safety matters. Mostly he works under the
union.
Researcher views the role of the HSR as a significant contribution and an integral
component of maintaining Sri Lankas safest workplaces.
Powers of the Health and Safety Representative
HSRs have wide ranging powers under the legislation to promote the health and safety at
work of employees in their work group. Broadly these powers are:
Inspect the workplace
AcInstitute an investigator during an investigation
Represent the members of the WG in health and safety consultations with the employer
Investigate health and safety complaints
Initiate emergency stop-work procedures, and
Issue a provisional improvement notice (PIN).
Responsibilities
Use their powers carefully and only in relation to OHS matters
Ensure any action taken by them in the exercise of their powers is not taken with the
intention of causing harm to the employer or to an undertaking of the employer, and
Represent members of their WG in a professional and timely manner.
In present, researcher hasnt heard about practicing safety and health representative, in Sri
Lanka. But researcher, strongly recommend that Sri Lankan government should immediately
implement a method to make employees, appoint HSRs in privet as well as government
organizations.
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Aims of a policy
There are no hard and fast rules about the length of the policy. The important thing to
remember is to link the aims of the policy to the level of risk. Risk Assessment will
determine how explicit you need to be in your arrangements section.
Reach of a policy
In a larger organization with multiple sites or activities, it is often the case that there is an
overarching or corporate policy that covers the general issues and also more detailed policies
relating to the individual sites or activities.
This can be a useful approach particularly where an organization has a number of sites where
different activities are carried out. It can allow you to tailor the organization section of the
policy to the individual managers of each site.
Informing employees
There are various ways to bring the policy to the attention of employees. If it is short
enough, employer may decide to give a copy to each employee.
When its a larger organization or the policy is fairly lengthy, employer could post copies on
notice boards or in appropriate places. But employer must make sure that they bring the
policy to the attention of all employees.
Monitoring and review
Monitoring that the policy is still effective is vital. There are many ways that this can be
done, including carrying out spot checks or safety inspections using prepared checklists.
More formally, effective monitoring can be achieved through audits and by reviewing
management reports and accident investigations.
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Chapter Two
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Carbon sequestration potential. The project will also be aimed at studying soil C
sequestration of forest plantations and tea plantations in the mid country areas of Sri Lanka
focusing on future Carbon trading activities.
Chemical and Environmental Systems Modeling
Chemical and Environmental Systems Modeling works on understanding and modeling the
hydrogeology and chemical processes in groundwater systems in order to find solutions for human
benefit. Their aim is to perform mechanistic, spectroscopic and molecular modelling of solid-water
interfacial interactions to understand the interactions of chemical species with geological material.
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marketable by way of eco-tourism. It also has applications to issues of human health as well
as wildlife management, nature conservation and education.
This work also has been broadcast internationally through high quality documentary films.
The films have given Sri Lanka a positive image in the international political and economic
arenas, and have attracted visitors to the country.
Annual Budget of IFS
The annual budget of the IFS in 2011 was Sri Lankan Rupees 127 Million. This amounts to
about 6 Rupees per Sri Lankan citizen. This modest contribution has been efficiently utilized
by the IFS scientists to produce the highest number of publication per scientist in Sri Lanka.
Objective
The objective of the Institute is to initiate, promote and conduct basic research in
Mathematics, Physical and Chemical Sciences, Life sciences and Philosophy taken in the
broadest sense.
Goals
To conduct basic and advanced scientific research, and to make new innovations which uplift
scientific and technological activities in Sri Lanka.
To motivate students and younger scientists to engage in advanced competitive research.
To promote international cooperation in research.
To contribute towards national development through research in the basic and applied
sciences
To develop human resources in the science through training undergraduates post graduates
and mid level technical cadres.
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Organizational Structure
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When in a case of hospital admittance, an employee can claim Rs. 55,000/- if he/she is admitted in a
privet hospital. Or, he/she can claim Rs.500/- a day when admitted at a government hospital, for 14
days. (Once in year)
Cost of drugs, special consultation fee, or fee for tests and investigation can be covered by a claim of
Rs.2500/Employee can claim Rs.3000/- in case an eye specialist recommended to use spectacles. Once in
three years.
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72% of the employees work with particulates such as dust/fibrous and silica which can be
affect their health. And only 60% use safety methods such as dust masks, when working with
those.
30% of the research staff work with biological aspects such as virus and bacteria.
In case of a chemical accident, only 30% have the quick access to a safety shower. And 50%
has access to eye wash.
Within the research staff,
28% work with radioactive machines
68% work with Noisy machines
44% work with Damaged/Unsecured machines
44% work with machines, which dangerous parts are exposed to out.
44% work with machines needed to be updated
2012
68% has emergency exit, or they can move out quickly from the usual path.
When a toxic gas is released by accident,
28% has Gas masks, 60% has Goggles.
20% knows how to use proper air filter for relevant gas.
16% has a air vacuum system at their workplace.
85% of the employees has quick access to first aid kits.
60% of the employees work places have a good ventilation system.
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Chapter Three
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Suggestions
Environment and other
Should give a orientation programme on Insurance policy to new employees, and a lecture is
most appropriate for the present members too. Because some of them do not know about
their insurance policy.
There should be notices around the slippery areas, regarding the slippery floors and slippery
steps.
The corridor infront of the laboratories should be clean, easy to walk by. IFS can implement
a good equipment management system and put those in a one place.
IFS Union or the welfare society should appoint a Safety and Health representative to talk
in behalf of the employees regarding safety matters.
Laboratory safety and other arrangements should implement.
As laboratories are not enough, its better if they joined two or three rooms together with
breaking some walls, and building bigger labs with necessary standard laboratory needs.
All laboratories should be repaired to have a good ventilation system.
Each laboratory should have a fire alarm system linked to others. So when a close laboratory
is on fire, it will notify other, close laboratories to evacuate.
Fire extinguishers should be refilled annually. Non academic office should take care of that.
IFS should follow up the OSHA Laboratory standards.
IFS should develop a Chemical Hygiene Plan which is a written program developed and
implemented to set forth procedures, equipment, personal protective equipment and work
practices that capable of protecting employees from the health hazards presented by
hazardous chemicals used in that particular workplace.
A Chemical Hygiene Officer or one of the technical officers should be appointed to provide
technical guidance in the development and implementation of the provisions of the Chemical
Hygiene Plan. Qualified by training or experience,
Every laboratory should have extra pair of safety wears, such as lab coats, gloves, safety
shoes, and all.
Its better if IFS issued a handout to each employee in the research field, which contains
valuable details about safety procedures to use relevant chemicals and lab equipments.
IFS should organize a annual programme to train employees on choosing, Suitable gas mask
for relevant type of gases. And most suitable dust masks to use in several dust type.
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It will be really effective, if a Health and Safety officer is appointed and made him to inspect
laboratories, regularly to check whether safety and health procedures are followed by them.
Been insured must be a must in the Institute.
Should design a proper compensation policy, to make sure that IFS covers the costs for
workplace accidents, those happened out of the policy. But if an employee faced to a
accident due to refusing the safety and health policy, he/she wont get full benefits.
Employees should be well trained on maintaining a standard first aid kit, which contains
necessary medicine for chemical damages.
When a accident occurred, should give the fullest attention and find the cause. Then safety
and health policy should be updated making sure to prevent that type of accident in future.
IFS should annually organize an Emergency Incident Training with making out some
incidents, like a fire emergency evacuation.
One or two employees from each division should be specifically trained to on safety
procedures to use chemicals and lab equipments. So that they can train newly appointed
employees regarding those.
IFS should refer International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC) which are data sheets
intended to provide essential safety and health information on chemicals in a clear and
concise way.
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Conclusion
Institute of Fundamental Studies did not had a good Health and Safety policy. But from
today onwards, researcher hopes that top management will implement some of the facts
pointer out in this project report.
Employees of the Institute were really helpful to make this project a success. !
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Reference
Safe work bookshelf, Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, International
Labor Organization , www.ilo.org, (9th July 2012)
Occupational Safety and Health Laws , www.salary.lk, (10th July 2012.)
Health and safety at work, International Labor Organization , www.ilo.org, (9th July 2012).
CISDOC Database, International Labor Organization , www.ilo.org,(9th July 2012)
Official website of labour Department of Sri Lanka, www.labourdept.gov.lk, (10th July 2012)
"Safety & Health Management Systems", Ministry of Manpower, Singapore,
www.mom.gov.sg, (10th July 2012).
Industrial Safety division, labour Department of Sri Lanka, www.labourdept.gov.lk,( 11th
July 2012)
Occupational Hygiene division, labour Department of Sri Lanka, www.labourdept.gov.lk,
(11th July 2012)
"Health and Safety Policy", www.healthyworkinglives.com, (11th July 2012)
International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC), International Labor Organization,
www.ilo.ogr, (9th July 2012.)
"Safety, health issues in rubber sector", N Yogaratnam, Phd (London), Tree crops Agro
Consultants, DAILYNEWS ONLINE, www.dailynews.lk, (12th July 2012)
"Information for Health and safety representatives (HSRs)", www.comcare.gov.au, (09th July
2012)
Official website of National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, www.
slniosh.com, (14th July 2012)
"Importance of Occupational Safety.ppt, Professor F.K. Ewete, Dean, Faculty of,
Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria (09th July 2012)
Official website of the Institute of Fundamental Studies, www.ifs.ac.lk, (10th July 2012)
OSHA at glance.pdf, Occupational Health and Safety Administration, US Department of
labor, (10th July 2012.)
OSHA lab standards Occupational Health and Safety Administration, US Department of
labor, (10th July 2012.)
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Annexes
The researcher collected data to complete this project with producing a questionnaire to
randomly selected 25 employees of the Institute. structure of the questionnaire is mentioned
below.
Personal Details
Age group
18-24
25-30
30-36
37-43
:
:
:
:
Present Position
..........................................................................
Department
What are the main work tasks you do in your job? Please describe as fully as possible.
Research
Field work
Technical
Administrative
Accounts
Transport
:
:
:
:
:
:
Do you have any long-standing health problems or disabilities which limit what you can do at
work, at home or in your leisure time?
No
Have you heard about a Occupational health and safety policy of IFS?
Yes
No
Job Related
When you were recruited to your workplace, do you had a proper orientation programme and a
Safety training on using equipments?
Yes
No
Carcinogens
Mutagens
Corrosive
Irritant
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Explosive
Oxidizing
Flammable
Toxic
Do you work with particulates such as dust/fibrous & silica which will affect your health ?
Yes
No
When you work with those, do you use dust masks, and know how to use relevant dust masks for
Yes
No
What are the safety methods you use, during your work?
Gloves
Viynal
Acid
Safety glasses
Goggles
UV/IR cut glasses
Gas Masks
Dust Masks
Safety Shoes
Lab coats
What is the machine famous for the vulnerability for accidents, at your work place?
.
Environment
According to your opinion, what is the most vulnerable place for accidents in the IFS premises?
(Ex: Slippery floors, slippery steps)
And do you have knowledge on which extinguisher to be used in relevant kind of fire?
Yes
No
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When a accident occurred, do you have a quick access to a first aid kit at your work place?
Yes
No
What is your Opinion about practicing a appropriate health and safety policy,
At IFS ?
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