Minerals of India - Geo Jaydeep

7/16/2016
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Geo
Ja y deep
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Indias future Energy Vision

To reliably meet the demand for energy services of
all sectors including the vulnerable households in all
parts of the country with safe, clean & convenient
energy at the least cost in technically efficient,
economically viable and ecologically viable and
sustainable ways considering different fuels and
forms of energy, both conventional and non
conventional as well as new technologies and
emerging energy sources."
Coal, Petroleum, water, nuclear products etc
constitute main power resources
South Asia sufficient in coal, poor in petroleum
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generation
Coal is used for generation of electric energy to
maximum possible extent
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Clean Coal Technologies provide solutions to

control EMISSIONS
Abundance of coal resources compared to oil and
gas
Indian energy supply largely dependent on coal
Coal contributes to about 55% of the commercial
energy
consumption as compared to 27% world average
India is the 3rd largest coal producing country.
More than 65% of electricity generation
capacities are
coal based.
Surging oil and international coal prices compels
coal Industry to play
key role for energy
security of the country.
Important source of
power in south Asia
Used in generation of
electric power in
thermal plants, in industries, in railways for
locomotion and also for domestic purposes.
Important raw material for various industries
India and Pakistan main producers
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Indias coal is mainly associated with Gondwana

series of rocks and is primarily found in peninsular
India.
About 2% Indian coal is of new (tertiary)type and
is found in Assam, Jammu and Kashmir
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Gondwana coal is mainly found in Bihar, Orissa,

Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, in various river
valleys such as DamodarJharia, Bokaro, North and
South Karanpura, Daltonganj, Giridih, all in Bihar
and Raniganj in West Bengal;
Son Valley Simiroklli, Umeria, Tatapani,
Sohagpur, Jhilmili, Chirmiri in Madhya Pradesh
Mahanadi Valley Cobra, Sonhat, Talcher,
Raigarh and Sambalpur
Godavari Vardha Valley Singharani, Tandur,
Kothagudam, in Andhra Pradesh
Panch Valley and Ballarpur in Maharashtra
Tertiary coal is found in Namchak and Nakum in
Assam
Kalakot, Metka and Ladda in Jammu and Kashmir
Lignite Coal is mined in Neyveli in south Arcot
district of Tamil Nadu
Also export to neighbouring countries
PAKISTAN
Minor producer of coal
Is of sub bituminous and of lignite type
Coal seams are thin and tilted and deposits are
found in remote areas making exploitation
difficult and limited to about one million tonnes
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per year
Major
deposits
Makerwal
area in
North
West
Frontier
Province
Largest
reserves
Baluchistan province where Sharikh field has

coking coal
It lies along Sibi railway line.
Is also found in Mack field in Bolan pass area
Some deposits are found in Koistan region
ofwestern Sind
Lignite and pete coal deposits exist in Peshwar
BANGLADESH
Minor producer
Most poor quality (pete and lignite) having large
moisture content
Found in Sylhet, Tippera, Mymensingh, Faridpur
districts
Some coking coal is found in Bogra district and
the mines are deep
A small quantity of good quality is found in
Paharpur area.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
a. Which is the best quality of coal? Name two
states of India where it is found.
Anthracite is the best variety of coal. It is found in
Jammu and Kashmir.
b. Why is it called black gold? Name one state
where it is found in India (3)
It is called black gold because of its high utility as
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a source of energy and as a raw material for a

large
number of Industries.
State: Jharkhand, West Bengal, Orissa, M.P.,
Chhatisgarh and Andhra Pradesh
c. Name the four types of coal. Which is the best
for industrial purposes? Justify your answer. (3)
Anthracite (90% carbon) : It is jet black in colour
and burns slowly without smoke or soot. It is clean
to handle and has a high heating value.
Bituminous coal (5080% carbon) : Coke required
for smelting of iron ore is derived from bituminous
coal.
Lignite (40% carbon) : It is brown or brownish in
colour. It has large quantities of ash and
moisture. Its byproducts can funish several
materials for industries.
Peat It is considered to be inferior to other three
varieties due to least carbon content.
Anthracite coal is the best for industrial purpose
because it has high heating value and burns
without smoke..
d. How the India coal field have been classified?
Mention any three features of Gondwana coal
fields of India. (3)
The India coal fields have been classified as : i)
Gondwana coal fields ii) Tertiary coal fields.
* It accounts for about 98% of the total reserve
and 99% of the total coal production in
India.
These coal fields occur mostly in the river valleys
such as Damodar, Mahanadi, Godavari, and
Narmada
The Gondwana coal is a luminated bituminous
coal within which dull and bright layers alternate..
It is about 250 million years old.
Gondwana coal is almost free from moisture but
it contains variable quantities of sulphur and
phosphorous. In general, Gondwana coal is good
steam or gas coal.
e. Give Indias ranking in the world after China
and USA in production of coal. Which state
produces the most coal? Also name the main coal
fields of this state.
India ranks third in the world after China and USA
in production of coal.
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Jharkhand.
The main coal fields are Jharia, Bokaro,
Karanpura, Ramgarh and Girdih
f. Mention any two uses of coal.
* Manufacturing or iron and Steel & variety of
chemicals depend upon the availability of coal.
* It is used for power generation.
g. Name any four Indian states where coal is
found. (3)
Jharkhand, Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal,
Chhattisgarh
h. Distinguish between Gondwana and tertiary
coalfields.
GONDWANA COAL FIELD
TERTIARY COAL FIELD
1. It accounts for 98% of the total reserves and
99% of the total coal production in India.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
It has very less reserves.

These are 250 million years old.
These are 15 to 60 million years old.
These coal mines provide superior quality coal.
These provide inferior coal.
less moisture compared to Tertiary coal.
higher moisture content and more sulphur.
i. State two main draw backs of the coal found in

India. (2)
* The distribution of coal is unevern. This involves
high transport cost to carry heavy commodity
like coal over long distances.
* Indian coal has high ash content and low calorific
value.
* The coal seams are too thin (0.5m thick only) to
allow modern machinery to work on them.
* Obsolete methods of mining, in most of the coal
mines, reduces the total output.
j. What are the four varieties of coal? (3)
a) Anthracite (90% carbon) b) Bituminous (5080%
carbon) c) Lignite (40% carbon)
k.) Name an important coal producing state in
India and a coalmine located in that state.
The important coal producing state in India are :
i) Jharkhand important mines are Jharia, Bokaro,
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Giridih
ii) Orissa important mines ae Dhenkanal,
Sambalpur, Sundargarh
l) Classify the Coalfields in India. Name one State
for each classification. (2)
GONDWANA COAL FIELS : i) Jharkhand Jharia
ii) Bihar Chandrapura
iii) West Bengal Raniganj
iv) Chhattisgarh Korba
TERTIARY COAL FIELDS : i) Assam Nazira
ii) Rajasthan Palna
m. Name an important coal producing state in
India and a coalmine located in that state.(2)
The important coal producing state in India are:
i) Jharkhand important mines are Jharia, Bokaro
and Giridih
ii) Orissa Dhenkanal, Sambalpur, Sundargarh are
important coal mines.
n. i) Which quality of coal is best for industrial
purposes? Anthracite
ii) Name a region of India where coal is found?
Gondwana coal fields, Jammu and Kashmir
iii) Which is the most popular coal for commercial
use? Bituminous
iv) Which is the largest producer of coal in South
Asia? India
v) Which is the poorest quality of coal? Peat is
the poorest quality of coal. Bihar
vi) Which are the two richest and oldest coalfields
of India? Jharia and Raniganj. They are in Bihar
vii) Which state is the largest producer of coal?
Jharkhand state
viii) Which state is major producer of Anhracite
and Bituminous? Anthracite Jammu and
Kashmir
Bituminous Jharkhand and Orissa
ix. Name the largest coalfield in India Lower
Gondwana coalfield is the largest coalfield
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o. Name the states where Gondwana coal is found.

Jharkhand, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal,
Maharashrtra, Andhra Pradesh
p. Name the main coal fields in the states of West
Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and
Madhya Pradesh.
Jharkhand Jharia, Bokaro, giridih
West Bengal Raniganj
Orissa Raigarh, Talcher, Sonhat and Sambhalpur,
Sundargarh, Dhenkanal
Andhra Pradesh Singhareni, Kothagudem and
Tandur
Maharashtra Umrer, Kamptee and Wardha
Madhya radish Chindwara and Singrauli
q. Name the states which tertiary coal fields are
found.
Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Jammu and
Kashmir
r. Which state has maximum deposits of tertiary
coal?
Tamil Nadu
s. Which INDIAN State supplies coal to Bangladesh?
West Bengal
t. Why are tertiary coal fields considered inferior?
Name two states, one from North India and one
from South India having such reserves.
Such reserves have a less carbon content since
they are new and young.
North Riasi/Lakhimpur
South Neyveli
u. What is lignite? Name one place in India where
it is mined.
Lignite is a brown coal with high moisture and low
carbon content.
Tamil Nadu Neyveli
v. Name two states with large deposits of coal.
Name the coalfields in the states that you have
named.
West Bengal Raniganj Jharkhand Jaria
9.a. What are the advantages of the anthracite
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coal?
It has a carbon content of 90 percent and burns
slowly without smoke. it burns for a long time and
leaves very little ash behind.
b. Which type of coal has the maximum carbon
contents? Which coal variety has the least carbon
contents? Which type of coal is used for smelting
ironore? Which type of coal has a large quantities
of ash and moisture?
* Maximum carbon contents Anthracite (more
than 80 % carbon)
* Least carbon content Peat
* used for smelting ironore Bituminous
* coal that has large quantities of moisture and ash
Lignite
c. Which is the most important source of power in
India? Coal
d. Coal plays major role in the industrialization
process. Justify the statement by giving two
examples.
* It is the main source of energy. More than 60% of
commercial energy is obtained from coal.
* It is used as basic input in iron and steel
industry.
e. Name any four major centres of coal mining in
South India.
# Adilabad # Karimnagar # Warrangal # Khamman
f. Name two centres of coal mining of the
following states: West Bengal and Maharashtra
WEST BENGAL Raniganj and Daling Kot
MAHARASHTRA Kamptee and Wardha Valley
g. Which varierty of coal is used for the
production of coke and gas ? Name a state of India
where it is found.
Bituminous is used for the production of coke and
gas. It is found in Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal
h. How coal is powerful power resource?
Coal is used in generation of electric power in
thermal plants. In railways, coal is used for
locomotion. It is most important raw material for
various industries. In this way, it is powerful
power resources.
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i. Describe in detail coal under the following

heads: i) Distribution of coal in India
ii) Demerits of Indian coal (any two) iii) Need of
conservation of coal.
i. Nearly three fourth of the coal deposits are
located in the Damodar river valley. The places
are
Raniganj, Jharia, Giridih, Bokaro and Karanpura
The other river valleys associated with coal
deposits are the Godavari, Mahaadi, Son, and
Wardha.
The coal fiels of Singreni in Andhra Pradesh,
Talcher in Orissa and Chanda in Maharashtra are
also
very famous.
ii. DEMERITS OF INDIAN COAL:
* The quality of coal required for producing coke
as an essential input in steel industry is deficient.
* the Indian coal has high ash content and low
carorific value.
iii. NEED OF CONSERVATION OF COAL:
Because it is a nonrenewable resource.
It is backbone of industrialization process.
10.a. Name some countries which are the main
producers of coal.
India and Pakistan are the main producers of coal.
b. In Pakistan, where we find coal? Which type of
coal we find in Pakistan?
In Pakistan, we find coal in Baluchistan, Mack field
and Koistan region of western Sind.
In Pakistan, we find subbituminous and lignite
varieties of coal.
c. Which type of coal we find in Bangladesh? In
which part of Bangladesh , coal is found?
In Bangladesh, we found poor quality coal. (Pete
and lignite)
In Sylhet, Tippera, Mymensingh and Faridpur
discticts we find coal in Bangladesh.
d. What steps should be taken to conserve coal?
Following steps should be taken to conserve coal.
i) Wastage of coal should be prevented by
discouraging selective mining.
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ii) New reserves of coal are needed to be

explored.
iii) New technology should be adopted in mining,
production and use of coal.
iv) Inferior coal should be blended with superior
quality coal.
v) Private sector investment in the coal mining
should be encouraged.
e. Explain why coal is often used near the source
of production and mineral oil is often transported
to great distances.
Coal is often used near the source of production
because it is found abundantly in many regions in
India which is sufficient for various industries and
power plants.
Mineral oil is often transported to great distances
because a major part of its requirement is met
through import. So, it has to be transported from
the port to the refineries.
f. How is the poor quality Indian coal being
utilized?
The poor quality Indian coal, specified as Lignite is
used mainly in combustion in the industries of
fertilizers, paints, chemicals, etc.
Another poor quality coal, the Peat, is usually
used as fuel in households and various smallscale
or cottage industries.
g. What are the uses of coal?
* Coal is known as the basic source of energy. It
plays an important role in the growth of
industries. The electricity (Thermal Power) is
generated by coal.
* Our Railway system is still dependent on coal.
* Coal is not only used as energy resources, but
also it is used as a raw material in smelting iron
ore.
MANGANESE
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Important
ferro alloy
mineral used in
making steel.
In south Asia,
primarily
produced in
India, while
Pakistan also produces some manganese
INDIA:
Largest producer of manganese in South Asia
Like other minerals, is also produced in
peninsular India with Orissa, Madhya Pradesh,
Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh,
Rajasthan, West Bengal
Indian manganese is of high quality and is in great
demand
More than 2/3rd of the countrys manganse
reserves and deposits are found in the Nagpur and
Bhandara belt of Maharashtra and Balaghat,
Chhindwara belt of Madhya Pradesh.
Largest producer Orissa about 40%mined in
districts of Sundergarh, Kalahandi, Koraput,
Keonjhar, Bolangir and Mayurbhanj
Karnataka 2nd largest 30% prodn North
Canara, Bijapur, Chickmanglur, Bellary, Shimoga,
Chitradurga, Tumkur districts
Gujarath Panch Mahal, Vadodara dist
Rajasthan Banswara district
Andhra Pradesh Kurnool, Vishakhapatnam,
Kurnool, Srikakulam dist
Bihar Singbhum dist
Exports to Japan, USA, west European countries.
PAKISTAN:
Small quantities are mined from Lal Bila region in
southern Baluchistan.
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MICA
Is a nonmetallic mineral which is largely
produced in India
Prodn abouat 10,500 tonnes in 9495
Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan produce most
of mica in India
Bihar 61% production in 1994, in a belt (160 km
long) extending over Gaya, Hazari Bagh, Mungher
districts
Andhra Pradesh mined in Nellore district
Rajasthan Ajmer, Bhilwara, Jaipur, Udaipur,
Alwar, Mewar, Tonk districts
Also found in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala,
Tamil Nadu
Sri Lanka produces some mica, the production
in 1987 being about 203 tonnes
COPPER
South Asia deficient in copper and it is mainly
produced in India.
Singbhum district of Bihar leading producer
Santhal, Pargana, , Palamau, Hazaribagh and
Gaya districts have some copper deposits
Andhra Gunturu, Khammam, Kurnool districts
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Madhya Pradesh Balaghat district

Rajasthan Khetri & Singhana belt in
Jhunjhunun, Khodariba belt in Alwar, Delwar,
Keroveli belt in Udaipur districts
Karnataka Hassan , Chitradurga districts
Maharashtra, Sikkim, Gujarath, U.P.
In Pakistan some copper is found in Chhagai area
of Baluchistan.
BAUXITE
Bauxite ore
provides
aluminium.
India
largest
producer in
South Asia
Is self
sufficient in
aluminium
production
Orissa,
Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat,
Maharashtra, Karnataka leading producing states
Orissa largest producer in India 40% Palahandi
and Sambalpur districts
Bihar Palamanu districts, Ranchi
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Madhya Pradesh Bilaspur, Balaghat, Jabalpur,

Shahdol, Durg, Mundala districts
Tamil Nadu Nilgiri, Salem, Madurai districts
PAKISTAN Hazara and Sibi in Baluchistan

SRI LANKA has small deposits of bauxite ore,
which is exported to many European countries and
to Japan.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
MANGANESE
1.a. Name two states in India where manganese is
found. State one use of manganese.
Orissa, , Madhya Pradesh,. Andhra Pradesh
Manganse is used in making ferromanganese alloy
and in the manufacture of bleaching powder.
b. Why is Manganese considered to be an
important mineral for industrial purposes? (2)
Manganese is used in production of steel. It makes
steel strong, removes impurities and makes it
immune to rusting.
c. A mineral X is used for making iron and steel. It
increases the strength of steel. Identify the
mineral.
Which country of South Asia is the leading
producer of that mineral?
Mineral X is manganese. India is the leading
producer of manganese.
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d. Where is Manganese found in South Asia?

In South Asia, manganese is found in India and
Pakistan.
e. Manganese is which type of mineral and where
we can find it?
Manganese is ferro alloy mineral, used in making
steel.
In South Asia, India is a primarily producer of
manganese. Pakistan also produces some
manganese. In India we can find manganese in
Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka,
Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan and West
Bengal. Orissa produces largest manganese (40%)
and Karnataka produces 30% manganese.
MICA
2.a. State the leading producer of mica in South
Asia. (2)
India Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh in India.
b. Mica is which kind of mineral and where can we
find it?
Mica is nonmetallic mineral.
India is the largest producer of mica in South Asia.
In India, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh , Bihar
produces most of mica. Sri Lanka also produces
some mica.
COPPER
3.a. What is the position of India in copper
production?
India is the leading producer of copper in South
Asia. In India, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya
Pradesh, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Maharashtra,
Sikkim, Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh produce
copper. Pakistan also produces some copper.
BAUXITE
4a. Which country in South Asia is the largest
producer of bauxite? Why is bauxite considered an
important mineral?
India is the largest producer of Bauxite. Bauxite is
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considered an important mineral as

The mineral bauxite has various used in refining
kerosene, abrasives and cement.
it is light and is rustresistant material
It is good conductor of electricity.
used in air crafts
used in automobiles and aluminium industry
alluminium has a variety of applications from
domestic to industrial.
b. Name some bauxite producing states.
Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,
Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka
c. In Pakistan, at which place we find out
bauxite?
At Hazara, and Sibi in Baluchistan we found
bauxite
PETROLEUM
Important fossil fuel south Asiadeficient
Spend huge amount of valuable foreign currency
to import crude oil
India and Pakistan important producers
Some oil and natural gas are also found in
Bangladesh
INDIA
Has about 0.5% of worlds petroleum reserves
amount to about 762 million tonnes
Oil first discovered in Inida at Makum in North
East in Assam in 1867.
More were discovered in different parts of the
county.
Main Areas:
1.Off shore sea near Mumbai
2.Digboi, Naharkatiya, Rudra Sagar and Nunmati in
Assam
3.Ankleshwar, Koyali, Kalor and Navgaon in
Gujarat
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1. Oil fields in the Eastern Region

Oil first discovered in Makuk (Assam)in 1867,
First well drilled DIGBOI in Lakhimpur district
of Upper Assam
Other centres of oil in Assam are at Bappapung,
Hansapung, Naharkatiya and Moaran
2. Oil Fields in the Western Region
In the Western Region, the oil fields are
scattered over a large area from Rajasthan to
Maharasthra.
Some areasAjmleshwar, Nawagaon, Kalol,
Kosamba, Sanand, Kathana
3. Bombay High
ONGC discovered oil on the continental shelf
area off the coast of Maharashtra about 176 km
North West of Mumbai in 1974
Structure containing oil in Mumbai High and
Bassein basins named Sagar Samrat, are spread
over 2500 km
Prodn started in 1976
Another structure HIRA is also in operation
Region produces 1/3rd of crude oil output of
India, it is refined in the refineries of Trombay.
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OTHER
AREAS
Cauvery,
Krishna, Godavari
basins.
Possibility of oil
in Coramandel
continental shelf
area, Sunderban
delta of Sher area
and Gulf of
Cambay region
Important
refineries are at Cochin, Chennai,
Vishakhapattnam, Haldia and Barauni
LET US REVISE:
a. Briefly mention how petroleum is obtained?
Petroleum is being obtained from the sedimentary
rocks. It is formed from the organic decomposition
of the remais of marine products deposited in silt
or mud inside the sea bed for a long period of
time. The pressure due to overlying sediments
along with the movements of earth converts the
silt and mud into rock and the aforeoriginated
pores with the rock are occupied by the organic
remains. High heat and pressure changes those
organic remains into mineral oil and natural gas.
b. Why does India have to import mineral oil? (2)
* Less reserves as compared to production.
* Increasing number of automobiles and industries
daybyday.
* Lack of technology and capital for exploiting the
present reserves.
c. Why petroleum is called mineral oil? (2)
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The word petroleum has been derived from two

latin words petro meaning rock and Oleam
meaning oil. It is obtained from rocks, particularly
sedimentary rocks of the earth. So it is called
mineral oil.
d. Distribution of mineraloil in India. (2)
Assam : It is the oldest oil producing state of India.
Major oil fields are:
i) Digboi: It is the oldest oil field of India.
ii) Naharkatiya: It is located in S.W. Digboi .
Rudrasagar, Sib, Sagar are other oil fields of
Assam.
e. Name two important oil fields in India. (2)
Mumbai High (Mahrarashtra), Ankaleshwar, Digboi,
Maharkatla, Rudrasagar, Numati, Hansapang and
Morah (Assam), Koyali, Kosamba and Kolar
(Gujarat).
f. Name two centres in NorthEast of India where
petroleum is found. Which is the largest
petroleum producing country in South Asia?
Digboi and Naharkatiya are two centres in North
East of India where petroleum is found.
India is the largest producer of mineral oil in South
Asia.
g. Name two regions in Pakistan where petroleum
is found.
Two regions in Pakistan where petroleum is found
are
i) Khaur
ii) Potwar Plateau
iii) Chakwal
iv) Dhulian
f) State the conditions necessary for the formation
of Natural Gas. Mention two advantages of using
Natural gas as a source of energy.
Natural gas accompanies petroleum
accumulations. Whenever a well for is drilled, it is
natural gas which is available before oil is truck.
Natural gas is formed under the earth by the
decomposition of vegetable matter lying under
water. The decomposition is carried out by
anaerobic bacteria in the absence of oxygen.
ADVANTAGES:
* It can be used both as a source of energy and
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also as an industrial raw material in petro

chemical industry.
* It takes less time to build a power plant based on
natural gas.
* For Indian agriculture, it has a capacity to boost
its production through the building of fertilizer
plants based on natural gas.
* It is easy to transport gas through pipe lines.
g) Mention two products of an Oil refinery. Name
two Oil refineries in India, one along the coast and
one away from the coast. (2)
Two products of an oil refinery are Natural Gas
and LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas)
Oil refinery along the coast Vishakapatnam
Oil refinery away from the coast Bongaigon
h. Where is petroleum found in the earths crust?
Petroleum is found in sedimentary rocks.
j. Which two India states are leaders in oil
production? Name an oil field from each of these.
Assam Digboi/Naharkatia/Moran
Gujarat Ankleshwar/Kalol
k. Why are petroleum refineries located near the
coast of India. Name two of its byproducts.
Twothirds of the petroleum required is imported,
thus refineries are near the coast.
Byproducts Lubricants/kerosene/caselene/tar
l. What is OffShore Drilling? What is Bombay High?
The drilling which has been carried out not in the
main land but along the seashore line, i.e. drilling
at the submerged portion of the seashore, is
called offshore drilling.
Bombay High is the most productive oil field which
is 176 km off Mumbai in the Arabian Sea. Oil was
discovered by ONGC in 1974.It is the largest
reserve of natural gas and mineral oil in India. The
drilling functions has been happening here along
the offshore line. Two refineries has ben
established there to minimize the cost of
transporting the crude oil towards the refinieries.
m. Name the following: a) A private sector oil
refinery Reliance Petroleum Limited.
ii) A joint sector oil refinery Mangalore Refienry
and Petrochemical Limited
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n. Name the two main belts of India where oil is

found.
i) The AssamArakan belt which runs from extreme
northeast of Assam to the eastern border of the
Brahmaputra and Surma Valley.
ii) The Gujarat Cambay belt which extends from
Mahesana (Gujarat) in the north to the continental
shelf off the coast of Ratnagiri (Maharashtra) in
the south.
o. Mention two uses of mineral oil. Name an old
and new mineral oil producing area.
* It is used to generate thermal power..
* It is used as a lubricating agent and is used as
raw material for various petrochemical
products.
* Petrol and diesel obtained from mineral oil are
used as fuels for automobiles, aircrafts
and railway engines.
* Kerosene oil, byproduct of petroleum is used as
a domestic fuel.
* It gives several valuable byproducts such as
lubricants, terylene, paraffin wax, tar and
Vaseline.
Old Digboi New Mumbai High
p. Name one important oil field each in
Bangladesh and Pakistan.
Oil field in Bangladesh Sylhet
Oil field in Pakistan Khaur
q. Demand for petrol and petroleum products is
increasing. Why?
# It is one of major sources of commercial energy.
# Due to increased pace of industrialization in
South Asian countries.
r. Which region is the largest producer of
petroleum in India? Name the refinery where the
production is refined?
Mumbai High is the largest producer of mineral oil.
It produces more than 60% of the total production.
The mineral oil obtained from the region is refined
in Trombay.
s. Name the agency which explores mineral oil in
India.
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The Oil and Natural Gas Commission. (ONGC)

t. With reference to Bombay High oil field, answer
the following:
i) Where is it located? Ii) Name the platform
designed? iii) When was it found?
i) It is located on the continental shelf of the coast
of Maharashtra about 176 km northwest of
Mumbai.
ii) Sagar Samrat
iii) In 1974
u. With reference to Indian oil fields , name
i) Any two oil fields of North East India. NORTH
EAST Digboi and Naharkatiya
ii) Any two oil fields of Western India. WESTERN
INDIA Ankleshwar and Kalol
iii)Any two off shore oil fields of India. OFF SHORE
OIL FIELD Mumbai High and Basin
iv. Oldest oilfield in India Digboi oilfield situated in
Lakhimur district of Assam
v. Two coastal oil refineries Trombay Refinery
(BPCL) in Gujarat in West Coast
Barauni Refinery east coast of India
vi . Two important oil fields Digboi in Assam, Kalol
in Gujarat
vii. Two important oil belts AssamArakan belt and
Gujarat Cambay belt
Digboi oilfield situated in Lakhimpur district of
upper Assam
minerals of india....Jaydeep Mehta, 10 Sepv.1

2015, 09:43
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Indias coal is mainly associated with Gondwana

Gondwana coal is mainly found in Bihar, Orissa,

Baluchistan province where Sharikh field has

a source of energy and as a raw material for a

It has very less reserves.

i. State two main draw backs of the coal found in

o. Name the states where Gondwana coal is found.

i. Describe in detail coal under the following

ii) New reserves of coal are needed to be

Madhya Pradesh Balaghat district

Madhya Pradesh Bilaspur, Balaghat, Jabalpur,

PAKISTAN Hazara and Sibi in Baluchistan

d. Where is Manganese found in South Asia?

considered an important mineral as

1. Oil fields in the Eastern Region

The word petroleum has been derived from two

also as an industrial raw material in petro

n. Name the two main belts of India where oil is

The Oil and Natural Gas Commission. (ONGC)

minerals of india....Jaydeep Mehta, 10 Sepv.1

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