System Users and Developers

By Magda Saracindy Firdiana125030200111152

1. Information systems have been developed to support all organizational levels

At the strategic level, executive information systems are used by the firm's top

managers
At the lowest, operational level systems are designed to meet the firms day-today information needs in those business areas

A MIS is designed to meet the information needs of managers throughout the firm.
2. The Information Services Organization
The Information Resources
The Information Specialist

System analysts
Database administrators
Webmasters
Network specialist
Programmers
Operators

3. Innovative organizational structure

Partner Model the information services works with business areas in using
information technology to achieve business innovation.
Platform Model the information services will not actively initiate business
innovations, but will provide the IT resources so that the innovation can be
accomplished by the business areas.
Scalable Model recognizes that resources must be obtained as soon as market
opportunities arise and must be shed quickly when those opportunities no longer exist,
keeping fixed cost to a minimum.
Network Model
Visioning network enables the CIO to work with top management in strategic
planning for information resources.
Innovation network used by the CIO to interface with business areas so that
innovations can be developed.
Sourcing network utilized to interface with vendor for acquiring information
resources.
4. End-user computing (EUC)
End-user computing evolved out of four main influences
1. The impact of computer education
2. The information services backlog
3. Low-cost hardware
4. Prewritten software
Users as An Information Resources

In deciding how the firm will use its information resources, management must consider
how end-user computing will be conducted, so as to maximize the benefits and
minimize the risks
5. Benefits and Risks of End-User Computing
Benefits:
Match Capabilities and Challenges
Reduce Communications Gap
Risks:
Poorly Aimed Systems
Poorly Designed and Documented Systems
Inefficient Use of Information Resources
Loss of Data Integrity
Loss of Security
Loss of Control
6. Office Automation (OA)
OA includes all of the formal and informal electronic systems primarily concerned with
the communication of information to and from persons inside and outside the firm.
Innovations in IT made it possible for many firm activities to be conducted independent
of their location. This is called a virtual office, and evolved out of office automation.
7. The Virtual Office
The virtual concept recognize that office work can be done at virtually everywhere with
the type of electronic communication capability.
8. Hotelling

The concept of hoteling is for the firm to provide a sharable central facility that
employees can use as the need for office space and support rises and falls.
Advantages and Disadvantages of The Virtual Office
Advantages:
Reduced facility cost
Reduced equipment cost
Reduced work stoppages
Social contribution
Disadvantages
Low morale
Fear of security risks
The virtual office demands cooperation by both the firm and the employees if it is to
succeed.
Virtual Organization
The successes of virtual office prompted visionaries to see how it could be expended to
apply to the entire firm.
Three I Economy is those industries that are most attracted to the concept of the virtual
office and the virtual organization and those that add value in the form of information,
ideas, and intelligence.
The Social Impact Of The Virtual Organization
The industries that are the most attracted to the concept of the virtual office and virtual
organization will add value in Information, Ideas, and Intelligence (Three I Economy).
Reference

McLeod Raymond, Jr and Schell George .P. 2007. Management Information Systems
10th edition, Prentice Hall, Inc.