OA01b:Motionin1D

Due:11:59pmonSunday,August14,2016
Youwillreceivenocreditforitemsyoucompleteaftertheassignmentisdue.GradingPolicy

PrelectureVideo:SpeedandVelocity
ClickPlaytowatchthevideo.Answertheungradedquestionsinthevideoandthegradedfollowupquestionsatright.

PartA
Supposeyouarehikingalongatrail.Makeacomparisonbetweenthemagnitudeofyourdisplacementandyour
distancetraveled.
Checkallthatapply.
ANSWER:
Themagnitudeofyourdisplacementcanbeequaltoyourdistancetraveled.
Themagnitudeofyourdisplacementcanbelessthanyourdistancetraveled.
Themagnitudeofyourdisplacementcanbegreaterthanyourdistancetraveled.
Themagnitudeofyourdisplacementmustbeequaltoyourdistancetraveled.
Themagnitudeofyourdisplacementmustbegreaterthanyourdistancetraveled.
Themagnitudeofyourdisplacementmustbelessthanyourdistancetraveled.

Correct
Themagnitudeofyourdisplacementrepresentsyourchangeinposition.Thatis,themagnitudeofyour
displacementishowfaryouarefromyourstartinglocationalongastraightline.

PartB
Supposearunnercompletesonelaparounda400mtrackinatimeof50s.Calculatethemagnitudeoftheaverage
velocityoftherunner.
Expressyouranswerinmeterspersecondtothenearestinteger.
ANSWER:
0 m/s

Correct

PartC
Supposearunnercompletesonelaparounda400mtrackinatimeof50s.Calculatetheaveragespeedoftherunner.
Expressyouranswerinmeterspersecondtothenearestinteger.
ANSWER:
8 m/s

Correct
Averagevelocityisdefinedintermsofdisplacement,whereasaveragespeedisdefinedintermsoftotaldistance
traveled.

PartD
Consultingthegraphshownin,determinetheobject's
averagevelocityoverthetimeintervalfrom2to4
seconds.
Expressyouranswerinmeterspersecondtothe
nearestinteger.

ANSWER:
5 m/s

Correct
Averagevelocitycanbedeterminedfromtheslopeofalineconnectingtwopointsonapositionversustime
graph.

PrelectureVideo:Acceleration
ClickPlaytowatchthevideo.Answertheungradedquestionsinthevideoandthegradedfollowupquestionsatright.

PartA
Whichofthemotiondiagramsinthefigurebelowbestmatchesthemotionofthebungeejumpershowninthevideo?

ANSWER:
A
B
C
D

Correct
Becausethevideoonlyfollowsthefreefallportionofthejump,thecorrectmotiondiagramshowsconstant
downwardacceleration.

PartB
Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheaccelerationofabungeejumperduringfreefall?
ANSWER:
positive
constant
negative
zero

Correct
Freefallaccelerationisconstantandhasavalueof9.8m/s2 .

PartC
Threecarsdrivearoundaperfectlycirculartrack.Thespeedometersinthefigurebelowshowthespeedofeachcar
overthesame10stimeinterval.Whichofthecarsareaccelerating?

ANSWER:
CarA
CarsAandB
CarsA,B,andC

Correct
Allthreecarsareacceleratingbecausethedirectionsoftheirvelocityvectorschangeconstantlyastheydriveina
circle.Inaddition,thespeedsofcarsAandBarechanging,whichalsoindicatesacceleration.

PartD
Fourcarsundergoaccelerationasdescribedbythedatainthefollowingtable.
Car

InitialVelocity(m/s)

FinalVelocity(m/s)

Timeperiod(s)

2.0

11.0

3.0

5.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

5.0

2.0

0.0

25.0

10.0

Ranktheaccelerationsfrommostpositivetomostnegative.
ANSWER:

Reset

mostpositiveacceleration

CarB

Help

mostnegativeacceleration

CarA

CarD

CarC

Thecorrectrankingcannotbedetermined.

Correct
Theaverageaccelerations,frommostpositivetomostnegative,areasfollows:(B)4m/s2 ,(A)3m/s2 ,(D)2.5
2
2
m/s ,and(C)3 m/s .

PrelectureConceptQuestion2.01

PartA
Whichofthefollowingbestdescribeshowtocalculatetheaverageaccelerationofanyobject?
ANSWER:
Averageaccelerationisalwayshalfwaybetweentheinitialaccelerationofanobjectanditsfinal
acceleration.
Averageaccelerationisalwaysequaltothechangeinspeedofanobjectdividedbythetimeinterval.
Averageaccelerationisalwaysequaltothedisplacementofanobjectdividedbythetimeinterval.
Averageaccelerationisalwaysequaltothechangeinvelocityofanobjectdividedbythetimeinterval.

Correct

PrelectureConceptQuestion2.04

PartA
Thefigureshowsthevelocityversustimegraphforacardrivingonastraightroad.Whichofthefollowingbest
describestheaccelerationofthecar?

ANSWER:
Theaccelerationofthecarisnegativeanddecreasing.
Theaccelerationofthecarisnegativeandincreasing.
Theaccelerationofthecarispositiveanddecreasing.
Theaccelerationofthecarispositiveandincreasing.
Theaccelerationofthecarisconstant.

Correct

ConceptualQuestion2.05

PartA
Whenthevelocityandaccelerationofanobjecthaveoppositesigns,thespeedoftheobjectincreases.
ANSWER:
True
False

Correct

SolvingQuadraticEquations
LearningGoal:
Tousethequadraticformulatosolvequadraticequations.
Mariawantstoplantasmalltomatogardeninheryard.Shebought25tomatoplants,andshehasreadthatideally
tomatoesareplantedinasquaregridtohelpthempollinateeachother.

PartA
Howmanyplantsxshouldsheplantineachrowsothather25plantsendupinasquare(i.e.,xplantsineachofx
rows)?
Expressyouranswerasaninteger.

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Ifthegardenerhasxplantsineachofherxrows,thenthetotalnumberofplantswillbex2 .Sincethereare25
totalplants,thecorrectvalueofxwillsatisfytheequationx2 = 25.Solvethisequationbytakingthesquare
rootofbothsides.Notethat25hasbothapositiveandanegativesquareroot.Sinceyoucan'thaveanegative
numberofplants,youonlywantthepositivesquareroot.
ANSWER:
5

Correct
Youmayhavebeenabletosolvethispartsimplybyintuitionorwithsimplearithmetic.Inthenextpart,youwill
usethequadraticformulatofindthevalueofx.Althoughthisinvolvesmoreworkthannecessarytosolvethis
part,usingthequadraticformulaonaproblemthatyou'vealreadysolvedshouldhelpyoutofeelcomfortablewith
it.

Thereareseveraltechniquesforsolvinganequationoftheformax2 + bx + c = 0,wherea,b,andcarenumeric
constants,suchasfactoringandcompletingthesquare.Thequickestwaytosolvesuchanequationthatwillworkallthe
timeistousethequadraticformula.Foranequationwiththeaboveform,thequadraticformulagives
2

x=

bb 4ac
2a

wherethesymbolmeansthattherearetwosolutions:oneobtainedbyreplacingwitha+andtheotherobtainedby
replacingwitha.Thestepsforusingthequadraticformulaareasfollows:
1.Getyourequationintotheformax2 + bx + c = 0.
2.Identifythevaluesofa,b,andc.
3.Substitutethesevaluesintothequadraticformula.
4.Simplifytheresultingvaluesforx.

Fromthepreviouspart,ifthegardenerhasxplantsineachofherxrows,thenthetotalnumberofplantswillbex2 .To
makeasquareusing25totalplants,thevalueofxmustsatisfytheequationx2 = 25.

PartB
TofindxinPartA,youwouldneedtosolvetheequationx2 25 = 0.Whichofthefollowingshowsthepropervalues
inthequadraticformulabeforesimplifyingtheradicalanddividing?

Hint1.Thevaluesofa,b,andc.
isthevalueofthecoefficientofx2 ,sointhisproblem,a = 1(becausex2 = 1 x2 ).bisthevalueofthe
coefficientofx.Noticethattheequationgivenhasnoxterm.Since0 x = 0,thecoefficientofxmustbe
zero.Therefore,b = 0.Finally,cistheconstantterm,sointhisproblem,c = 25 .Plugthesevaluesintothe
quadraticformulaandthenreduceittotheformshowninoneoftheanswerchoices.
a

ANSWER:
250
2

250
5

0100
2

100
2

Correct
Noticethatthevalueofcis25,not+25.Youshouldalwaysincludethesigninthevaluesofa,b,andc.Also,
noticethattheanswerimpliestherearetwosolutionstoPartA:x = 5andx = 5.Ofcourse,youcan'thave5
tomatoplants,soforsolvingthepracticalproblemofplantingtomatoes,theonlycorrectsolutionis5plantsper
row.

PartC
Considertheequation2x2 3x 5 = 0.Plugthevaluesfora,b,andcintothequadraticformula,butdonot
simplifyatall.Whichofthefollowingshowsthepropersubstitution?
ANSWER:

3(3) 4(2)(5)

x=

2(2)
2

3(3) 4(2)(5)

x=

2(2)
2

2(2) 4(3)(5)

x=

2(3)
2

2(2) 4(3)(5)

x=

Correct

2(3)

PartD
UsetheresultfromPartCtofindthetwosolutionstotheequation2x2

3x 5 = 0

Enterthetwosolutionsseparatedbyacomma.(Theorderisnotimportant.)
ANSWER:
2.50,1

Correct

InterpretingGraphs
LearningGoal:
Tobeabletogainmanydifferenttypesofinformationfromagraph.
Beingabletoreadgraphsisanimportantskillinphysics.Itisalsocriticalindaytodaylife,asinformationinthenewsand
inbusinessmeetingsisoftenpresentedingraphicalform.Inthisproblem,youwillconsiderasinglegraphandallofthe
informationthatcanbegainedfromit.Sincethegraphaxeshave
nolabels,thinkofitasagraphofsomethingimportanttoyou,
whetherthatisGPA,yourbankbalance,orsomethingelse.
Specificapplicationswillbenotedforeachwayofanalyzinga
graph.

Theeasiestinformationtoobtainfromagraphisitsvalueatapoint.Theheightofthegraphabovethehorizontalaxisgives
thevalueofthegraph.Pointsabovethehorizontalaxishavepositivevalues,whereaspointsbelowtheaxishavenegative
values.Theverticalaxiswillusuallyhavespecificvaluesmarkedoffsothatyoucantellexactlywhatvalueeachheight
correspondsto.Inthegraphyou'vebeengiven,therearenoexactvalueslabeled,butyoucanstilltellrelativevaluesyou
canmakestatementssuchas,"AtpointD,thegraphhasagreatervaluethanatpointC."

PartA
Atwhichpoint(s)doesthegraphhaveapositivevalue?
Enterallofthecorrectlettersinalphabeticalorder.Forinstance,ifyouthinkthatthecorrectchoicesareBand
F,youwouldenterBF.

Hint1.Determiningpositivevaluesfromagraph
Anyvalueabovethehorizontalaxisispositiveanybelowisnegative.Wherethegraphintersectsthehorizontal
axis,thevalueofthegraphiszero,whichisneitherpositivenornegative.
ANSWER:

ABCDEF

Correct
Thedifferencebetweenpositiveandnegativeisimportantinmanysituations,forinstanceonyourbank
statement.Inphysicsitmakesabigdifferenceinmanyscenarios.Positivepositionmeanstotherightorabove
somereferencepointnegativepositionmeanstotheleftorbelowthereferencepoint.Positivevelocitymeans
movingtotheright,whereasnegativevelocitymeansmovingtotheleft.
Thegraphisoftenmoreconvenientthanatableofnumbersoranequation,becauseyoucanimmediatelysee
wherethegraphtakespositivevaluesandwhereittakesnegativevalues.Withanequationoratableofnumbers,
thiswouldtakesomealgebraorguesswork.

Sincethevalueofthegraphatapointisindicatedbyitsheightabovethehorizontalaxis,themaximumvalueofthegraph
isthehighestpointonthegraph.Similarly,theminimumvalueofthegraphisthelowestpoint,whichmaybebelowthe
horizontalaxis.

PartB
Atwhichpointdoesthegraphhaveitsmaximumvalue?
Enterthecorrectletter.
ANSWER:
E

Correct

Rateofchangeandslope
Anothertypeofinformationthatcanbegleanedfromagraphistherateofchangeofthevalues.Justasyoucarewhether
yourbankaccounthasapositiveornegativevalue(i.e.,ifyouhavemoneyorowethebankmoney)youmayalsobe
interestedintherateofchangeofyourbankaccount.Iftherateofchangeispositive,thenyouaregainingmoney.Ifthe
rateofchangeisnegative,thenyouarelosingmoney.
Therateofchangeofagraphisgivenbytheslopeofthegraph.Ifthegraphisaline,thentheslopeisjusttheslopethat
youareaccustomedtoforlines(i.e.,thechangeintheverticalpositiondividedbythechangeinthehorizontalposition).
Thereareafewimportantthingstorememberaboutslope.Ifthelinetiltsupwardasyoufollowittotheright(likethis:/)
thenthegraphhasapositiveslope.Wewouldsaythatthegraphisincreasing(becomingmorepositive).Similarly,ifittilts
downwardasyoufollowittotheright(likethis:)thentheslopeisnegativeandwesaythatthegraphisdecreasing
(becomingmorenegative).Thesteeperthetilt,thelargerthemagnitudeoftherateofchange."

PartC
Lookatthegraphfromtheintroduction.ThethreepointsC,D,andFareallonstraightsegments.Rankthemfrom
mostpositiverateofchangetomostnegativerateofchange.

Hint1.SlopeatpointC
Whenthegraphishorizontal,theslopeofthegraphiszero.Youcanseethisbynoticingthatthechangein
verticalpositionasyoumovefromlefttorightacrossahorizontalgraphiszero.Nomatterwhatthechangein
horizontalpositionalongahorizontalgraph,whenyoudividetofindtheslopeitwillbezero.
ANSWER:

Reset

Help

Mostpositive

Mostnegative

Thecorrectrankingcannotbedetermined.

Correct

Formorecomplexcurves,youwillhavetodrawthetangentlineatapointtodeterminetherateofchangeofthegraphat
thatpoint.Thetangentisalinethatjusttouchesthecurve.Todo
this,insteadofpassingthroughtwonearbypoints,thelinehasto
alignitselfsothatitsrateofchangeisthesameastherateof
changeofthegraphatthatpoint.Therefore,onceyou'vedrawn
thetangentline,itsslopeisthesameastheslopeofthecurveat
thatpoint.
Ingeneral,youwillbeabletorelyonyourintuitivesenseof"Is
thegraphgrowinghigherorloweratthispoint?"butit'sgoodto
keepinmindthismoreprecisedefinitionintermsofthetangent
line.Itwillhelpyououtinsituationsthatarehardtofigureoutby
simpleexamination.
Inthefollowingtwoparts,consideragainthegraphshowninthe
introductiontotheproblem.

PartD
Atwhichpointisthegraphincreasingatthegreatestrate?Fornow,ignorepointE.Wewilldiscussitafterthispart.
Enterthecorrectletter.

Hint1.Drawingthetangent
Tofindthetangentlineataparticularpoint,youshoulddrawadotatthatpointonthegraphandthendrawpairs
ofpoints,oneoneithersideofthepointyoucareabout,thatarethesamedistancefromthepointyoucare
about.

Ifyouthenconnectthosepairsofdots,thelinesconnectingthemwillgetcloserandclosertotheproperslope
asyoumovetopairsthatarecloserandclosertothepointyoucareabout.Onceyougetprettyclosetothat
point,youshouldbeprettyconfidentoftheslopeforthetangentline.

Withpractice,youwillgainanintuitiveabilitytoseeroughlyhowtheslopeofthetangentatapointshouldlook.
ANSWER:
D

Correct
YouweretoldtoignorepointEforthispart.Thisisbecausetherateofchangeisnotwelldefinedatsharp
corners.Youwon'teverbeaskedfortherateofchangeofagraphatasharpcorner,thoughpointsnearthecorner
shouldhavewelldefinedratesofchange.
PointsBandCarealsospecial,becausetheslopeatthosepointsiszero.ThisshouldbeeasytoseeatC,since
thegraphisactuallyahorizontallineintheareanearC.IfyoucarefullyworkoutthetangentatpointBusingthe
methoddescribedinthehintforthispart,youwillseethatthetangentishorizontalthereaswell.Sincea
horizontaltangenthasaslopeofzero,whichisneithernegativenorpositive,thegraphisneitherincreasingnor
decreasingatpointsBandC.

PartE
Atwhichpoint(s)isthegraphdecreasing?
Enterallofthecorrectlettersinalphabeticalorder.Forinstance,ifyouthinkthatthecorrectchoicesareBand
F,youwouldenterBF.

ANSWER:
FGH

Correct

Areaunderagraph
Theotherpieceofinformationimportanttophysicsthatcanbefoundfromagraphistheareaunderthegraphbetweentwo
pointsonthegraph.Thelightblueregioninthefigureshowstheareaunderthegraphbetweentwopoints.Theareaundera
graphisimportantifyouhavegraphedtherateofchangeinsome
quantity.Inphysics,youmighthaveagraphofthevelocityof
someobjectvs.time.Sincevelocityistherateofchangeof
position,theareaunderthevelocitygraphbetweentwotimes
givesthetotalchangeinpositionbetweenthosetwotimes.
Animportantpointisthatifthegraphdipsbeneaththehorizontal
axis,thentheareabelowtheaxisissubtractedfromthearea
abovetheaxis.Inthisfigure,thesamegraphisshown,butnow
thearea
is
between
two
more
widely

separatedpoints.However,ifyoucomparethisfiguretothepreviousone,you'llseethatequalareaswereaddedaboveand
belowthehorizontalaxis.Therefore,the"areaunderthegraph"inthetwofiguresisthesame,eventhoughyouseemore
shadinginthesecondfigure.
Inthefollowingtwoparts,consideragainthegraphshownintheintroductiontotheproblem.

PartF
Youwishtofindtheareaunderthegraphbetweentheoriginandsomepointonthegraph.Whichpointwillyieldthe
greatestarea?
Enterthecorrectletter.
ANSWER:
G

Correct

PartG
Youarelookingattheareaunderthegraphbetweentwopoints.Theareaiszero.Whichtwopointsareyoulookingat?

Enterthetwolettersinalphabeticalorder.Forinstance,ifyouthinkthatthecorrectchoiceisBandF,you
wouldenterBF.

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Sinceyouwanttheareaunderthecurvebetweentwopointstobezero,thegraphmustdefineequalsized
shadedregionsaboveandbelowthehorizontalaxis.Lookfortwopointsthatareneareachother,oneabove
andonebelowthehorizontalaxis.
ANSWER:
FH

Correct
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