Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Assignment
Of
Research Methodology
Submitted to:
Submitted by:
Shukhwinder arora
Ravi Kant
A-15
11004837
Problem definition: - Empirical study of expenditure pattern of students of lovely professional university
Objective: - 1) Identify the expenditure pattern of the student.
2) Identify the factor which affects the expenditure pattern of the student.
Research Methodology
Research Design:
I am conducting research on the expenditure pattern of the LPU student in which problem and objectives are defined so this is a descriptive research
in which we to find out the relationship between the variables.
POPULATION:
The purpose of the research is to identify the expenditure pattern of the student and identify the factor which affects the expenditure of the students.
Because I am conducting research on expenditure patter of LPU students so the population of my research is the student of LPU.
SAMPLING METHOD
In this research, we will use the convenient sampling. The convenient sampling is one in which the researcher according to his convenience collects
the data regarding to his research from various respondent.
SAMPLING ELEMENT
The sampling elements are those who are the respondents of my research.
SAMPLE SIZE
Sampling size refers to the number of respondent to be selected from the population to constitute a sample. This is the major problem before the
researcher. The size of the sample should neither be excessively large nor too small; it should be and must be the true representatives of the
population. Thats why I take 100 respondents for my research.
AREA OF STUDY:
My research is regarding to the expenditure of the LPU student to the area of my study is whole campus of lovely Professional University.
Sources of data: - In this research I study the primary and secondary data.
Primary data:
Questionnaire
Secondary data:
Books
Journals/articles
Newspapers
Internet websites
Hypothesis: - In this technique we take the two assumptions null and alternative on following.
H0: - Factor does not affect the expenditure of student.
H1: - Factor is affecting the expenditure of student.
Approx. Chi-Square
.702
775.487
df
325
Sig.
.000
Interpretation: - These item shows that the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's test. The KMO measures the sampling adequacy which
should be greater than 0.5 for a satisfactory factor analysis to proceed. Looking at the table below, the KMO measure is 0.702 it means my data is
educate for this research.
Communalities
Initial
Extraction
0.442
0.707
0.84
0.662
0.499
0.677
0.757
0.499
0.682
0.759
0.824
0.818
0.682
0.632
0.659
0.558
0.499
0.584
0.623
0.768
0.642
0.659
0.576
0.793
0.82
0.76
Interpretation: - this item shows from the output is a table of communalities which shows how much of the variance in the variables has been
accounted for by the extracted factors. For instance over 82.0% of the variance in expenditure of the student is accounted for while 76.0% of the
variance in availability of the money is accounted for.
Compon
ent
Total
% of Variance
Total
% of Variance
Cumulative %
Total
% of Variance
Cumulative %
4.801
18.466
18.466
4.801
18.466
18.466
2.737
10.526
10.526
2.896
11.137
29.604
2.896
11.137
29.604
2.329
8.958
19.484
1.980
7.615
37.219
1.980
7.615
37.219
2.163
8.320
27.804
1.742
6.698
43.917
1.742
6.698
43.917
2.155
8.287
36.091
1.405
5.406
49.323
1.405
5.406
49.323
2.125
8.173
44.264
1.214
4.668
53.991
1.214
4.668
53.991
1.655
6.365
50.629
1.201
4.620
58.610
1.201
4.620
58.610
1.528
5.877
56.506
1.161
4.464
63.074
1.161
4.464
63.074
1.498
5.761
62.267
1.022
3.930
67.004
1.022
3.930
67.004
1.232
4.737
67.004
10
.925
3.560
70.564
11
.814
3.133
73.696
12
.807
3.105
76.801
13
.738
2.838
79.639
14
.685
2.634
82.273
15
.626
2.407
84.680
16
.594
2.284
86.964
17
.533
2.048
89.012
18
.449
1.728
90.740
19
.425
1.636
92.377
20
.398
1.531
93.908
21
.353
1.358
95.266
22
.348
1.338
96.604
23
.269
1.036
97.640
24
.246
.945
98.585
25
.223
.859
99.444
26
.144
.556
100.000
Interpretation: - The these item shows all the factors extractable from the analysis along with their eigenvalues, the percent of variance
attributable to each factor, and the cumulative variance of the factor and the previous factors. Notice that the first factor accounts for 67.004of the
variance, the second 67.004and the third 67.004 All the remaining factors are not significant.
Interpretation: - The scree plot is a graph of the given values against all the factors. The graph is useful for determining how many factors to retain.
The point of interest is where the curve starts to flatten. It can be seen that the curve begins to flatten due to change in the factor regularly. Note also
that factor has an given value value of less than 1, so all factors have been retained.
Component Matrixa
Component
1
How much amount do you
spend on the stationary
How much amount do you
spend on the Cloths
How much amount do you
spend on the Food
How much amount do you
spend on the Cell phone bills
How much amount do you
spend on the Travelling
How much amount do you
spend on the Entertainment
How much amount do you
spend on the Cosmetics
How much amount do
you spend on the Health
How much amount do you
spend on the Sports item
-.091
.537
.255
-.059
.256
-.072
.006
.049
.055
.112
.604
-.495
.207
-.002
.028
.187
-.056
-.058
.006
.390
-.386
-.254
.139
-.473
.374
.224
-.200
.439
.287
-.417
-.226
.012
.187
-.046
.287
-.208
.515
.186
.051
.062
-.307
-.099
-.116
.273
.011
.516
.436
-.156
-.038
-.289
-.049
-.305
-.071
-.109
.200
.630
-.080
.368
-.128
-.009
-.139
-.363
.108
.019
.436
.391
-.138
.285
-.186
.013
-.095
.108
.452
.195
.505
-.101
.030
.244
-.218
-.057
.250
.356
-.075
-.249
.247
.518
-.074
.104
.052
.466
.670
-.163
.401
.281
-.140
-.108
.140
.166
-.177
.637
-.073
.380
.324
-.184
-.122
.081
.164
-.274
.504
-.074
.155
-.008
-.178
.006
.540
-.166
.219
.576
.165
-.351
.120
-.112
.279
.052
-.197
.050
.676
.175
.066
.253
.140
-.023
.243
.046
.149
.226
.450
.419
-.155
.279
-.083
-.075
.120
-.014
-.382
.051
.282
.301
-.041
.322
.145
.168
-.163
-.420
.415
.194
-.081
-.026
.287
.174
.183
-.210
-.221
.095
-.002
.315
.580
.198
-.204
.100
-.198
-.074
.232
.203
-.304
.108
.254
.473
-.450
-.269
-.440
-.189
-.041
.250
-.092
.121
.365
.369
.237
-.287
.105
-.120
.690
.015
.212
.011
-.142
-.100
-.539
-.049
.125
.022
-.232
-.280
.054
-.353
.084
-.555
.562
.053
-.089
-.310
.128
-.027
.102
.186
-.480
.168
.112
.473
.011
-.529
-.037
-.100
-.184
-.505
.475
.074
.048
-.270
-.030
.023
.288
.339
Interpretation: - The table below shows the loadings of the eight variables on the three factors extracted. The higher the absolute value of the
loading, the more the factor contributes to the variable. The gap on the table represent loadings that are less because of changing the value of the
factor which affect the expenditure of the student this makes reading the table easier.
-.066
.105
.605
.184
-.031
.112
.007
.100
.054
-.069
.650
.011
.166
.160
.124
.140
.425
.100
-.062
.063
.182
.023
.089
-.139
.039
.876
.036
.058
.266
.006
-.084
.695
-.029
-.060
.298
-.068
.464
.253
.087
.027
.253
-.238
-.056
.015
-.295
.197
.616
.149
-.184
.280
-.204
-.209
.035
-.196
.052
.818
.224
.050
-.141
.064
.066
-.064
9.674E-5
-.007
.041
.682
.009
-.129
-.027
.056
.021
.104
.251
.115
.481
-.051
.233
-.161
.059
-.536
.013
.015
.051
.056
-.168
.128
.094
.823
.041
-.147
.878
-.024
.033
-.162
.068
-.070
.068
-.107
-.019
.883
.063
.044
-.149
.050
-.007
-.039
-.064
-.048
.444
.078
-.047
-.003
.033
-.447
.352
-.059
.386
.164
.558
-.187
-.163
.388
-.096
.223
-.067
.135
.524
.269
.182
-.090
.206
-.057
.469
.024
.066
.176
.023
.712
-.011
.135
.028
-.022
.007
.007
.102
-.136
-.040
.464
-.112
.402
-.169
-.142
.176
-.121
-.037
.236
.512
.071
.230
-.331
.094
.271
-.144
-.061
.169
-.032
.046
.745
.094
-.011
-.049
-.086
.035
.209
-.023
-.005
-.032
-.151
.046
.830
-.036
-.310
-.313
.605
-.132
.106
.217
.065
-.014
.011
.326
-.263
.242
-.285
.573
.076
-.084
.054
-.265
-.034
-.067
.119
-.652
-.142
-.178
-.016
.089
-.372
.216
.220
.674
-.112
-.069
-.296
.012
-.022
.025
.091
.089
.108
-.743
.329
-.133
.288
-.176
-.238
.113
.212
.742
-.176
-.088
-.093
.069
-.206
Interpretation: - The idea of rotation is to reduce the number factors on which the variables under investigation have high loadings. Rotation
does not actually change anything but makes the interpretation of the analysis easier. Looking at the table below, we can see that availability of the
money for expenditure of the student, are substantially loaded on Factor (Component) All the remaining variables are substantially loaded on Factor
1. These factors can be used as variables for further analysis.
.599
.282
.085
-.445
.460
-.261
.265
-.076
-.028
-.087
.630
.609
.352
.104
.056
-.122
.259
.066
.431
-.353
.548
.127
-.289
-.021
-.201
-.473
.158
.410
.341
-.264
.192
-.385
.571
.296
-.112
-.185
-.232
-.286
.422
-.346
.120
.539
.484
.131
.105
-.136
.072
-.200
.283
.569
.292
-.047
-.547
.383
.250
-.162
-.137
.329
-.072
-.181
.341
.411
.679
.261
-.410
.039
.474
.442
.108
-.007
.276
-.504
-.276
.037
.111
.305
-.086
-.427
.659
-.360
-.251
Conclusion: - You should now be able to perform a factor analysis and interpret the result. Many other items are produce in the output, for the
purpose of this illustration they have been ignored. Note that the correlation matrix can used as input to factor analysis. In this case you have to use
SPSS command syntax which is outside the scope of this document.
Statistics
Statistics
gender of the
age of the
course of the
in present where
monthly
respondent
respondent
respondent
expenditure
Valid
98
98
98
98
98
Missing
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
male
84
85.7
85.7
85.7
female
14
14.3
14.3
100.0
Total
98
100.0
100.0
Interpretation: - In this research I survey 100 respondent from my target population in which 85.71% were male respondent and the rest of 14.29%
respondent were female.
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
under 18
15
15.3
15.3
15.3
18-22
69
70.4
70.4
85.7
22-25
12
12.2
12.2
98.0
2.0
2.0
100.0
98
100.0
100.0
above 25
Total
Interpretation: - From my sampling population 15.31% respondent were the age of under 18, and 70.41% respondent were under the age of 18-22,
and 12.24% respondent were under the age of 22-25, and the rest of 2.04% respondent were above 25.
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
B. Tech
47
48.0
48.0
48.0
MBA
26
26.5
26.5
74.5
diploma
16
16.3
16.3
90.8
9.2
9.2
100.0
98
100.0
100.0
any other
Total
Interpretation: - From my sample population 47.96% respondent are in the course of B.Tech. and 26.53% respondent are in the course of MBA and
16.33% respondent are doing diploma and the rest of the 9.18% respondent are doing any other course in the lovely professional university.
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
hostel
57
58.2
58.2
58.2
PG
21
21.4
21.4
79.6
9.2
9.2
88.8
at your home
11
11.2
11.2
100.0
Total
98
100.0
100.0
on rent
Interpretation: - From my sample population 58.16% respondent are living in the hostel and 21.43% respondent are living in the PG and 9.18% respondent are
living on the rent and rest of the 11.22% respondent are living at their home.
monthly expenditure
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
1000-2000
27
27.6
27.6
27.6
2000-5000
47
48.0
48.0
75.5
5000-8000
14
14.3
14.3
89.8
above 8000
9.2
9.2
99.0
1.0
1.0
100.0
98
100.0
100.0
Total
Interpretation: - From my sample population the expenditure of 27.55% respondent are 1000-2000 and the expenditure of 48.98% respondent are 2000-5000 and
the expenditure of 14.29 respondent are 5000-8000 and the rest of the respondent are spending more than 8000 per month.
+