CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1

Introduction
This project is innovation of traffic light preemption (also called signal

prioritization) is a type of system that allows the operation of traffic light to be

preempted. The most common use of these system is to manipulate traffic light in the
path of an emergency vehicles, halting conflicting traffic and allowing the emergency
vehicles right of way, to help reduce response time and enhance traffic safety. Signal
allow public transportation access through intersections, or by railroad systems at
crossing to prevent collisions.
This traffic light project have a communicated between ambulance and traffic
light. When the traffic light receive the RF signal from ambulance the traffic light turn
the green light on the ambulance path. The systems which have it already, takes a long
time to control traffic congestion during emergency situation. In this case it will bring
another problem which is patient's life would be endangered if they get late treatment

1.2

Problem Statements

1. The traffic light does not turn to red when emergency and paramedics be accused
when accidents victim receiving emergency treatment late.
2. An accidents occur between an ambulance and other vehicles at the traffic lights.
3. Ambulance horn and using siren to notice other vehicles to give the path for
ambulance but the roads condition is full of vehicles.

1.3

Objectives

1. To design a system that turn the red light when emergency mode for ambulance
crossing the traffic light through emergency lane during emergency situation.
2. To design the timer system to change the emergency mode to normal mode at
traffic light and vice versa.
3. To design radio transmitter circuit to give signal to electronic control system (ECS)

1.4

Questionnaire

1. Did the Transmitter circuit can transmit the data to the Receiver circuit accurate?
2. Did the timer system counting correctly?
3. Did electronic control system (ECS) are in good condition during operation?

1.5

Scope

Our project scope is the range to activate the electronic system control (ESC) circuit is
3 to 5meters due to the maximum range for RF detection in this project is 5meters.

When the transmitter circuit on and the buzzer will be sound(beep), the data will
transmit to receiver circuit the ECS circuit will activate and sent the signal to the
photo sensor. After the ambulance pass through the photo sensor, all the traffic light
will turn to red(emergency mode). The phase timer circuit will start counting if the
ambulance pass through the photo sensor and after 15seconds the emergency mode
will turn back to normal.
This project we using 4 types of circuit, transmitter circuit, receiver circuit, electronic
system control (ESC) circuit and interfacing board. We are not using the arduino and
microcontroller for this project. We apply to using wireless concept to transfer of
information or power between more points that are not connected by an electrical
conductor.
An RF transmitter module is a small PCB sub-assembly capable of transmitting a
radio wave and modulating that wave to carry data. In this project transmitter carry the
data to active the emergency mode for ambulance pass through the junction of traffic
light.
An RF receiver module receives the modulated RF signal, and demodulates it. There
are two types of RF receiver modules: superheterodyne receivers and superregenerative receivers. Superheterodyne receivers have a performance advantage over
super-regenerative; they offer increased accuracy and stability over a large voltage and
temperature range. Super-regenerative modules are usually low cost and low power
designs using a series of amplifiers to extract modulated data from a carrier wave.

1.6

Importance
The purpose of conducting this research is about to ease ambulance to avoid

traffic light when in emergency situation. Besides, this will help reduces risk of

accident for the ambulance. We hope that, this research will help Hospital Department
and Safety Department of Malaysia.
This research tells about the how easy for ambulance to pass by the traffic light even
when it in red light. The all traffic light will turn to red and give a priority to
ambulance to pass through the traffic light.
This research also explain about maintenance control that already have to help created
a new effective system. Moreover, this project will help to reduce the problem in the
roads for the ambulance.

1.7

Operation
Ambulance Traffic Light project is intended to facilitate emergency vehicles

crossing traffic light without any interference from other vehicles. Example of
emergency vehicle are ambulances, five fighters and police. The system operates
when the Transmitter circuit produce sound(beep) to send the data to the Receiver
circuit. When Receiver circuit receives the data, the LED of Receiver circuit will on
that means the photosensor automatically on and all the traffic light will turns to
red(emergency mode) when the ambulance pass through. Next, the timer will start
counting to return back to normal mode.

1.8

Summary
This project allows us to understand more about how is the RF

module(transmitter and receiver modules) works. An RF module (radio frequency

module) is a (usually) small electronic device used to transmit and/or receive radio
signals between two devices. In an embedded system it is often desirable to
communicate with another device wirelessly. This wireless communication may be
accomplished through optical communication or through radio frequency (RF)
communication. For many applications the medium of choice is RF since it does not
require line of sight. RF communications incorporate a transmitter and/or receiver. An
RF transmitter module is a small PCB sub-assembly capable of transmitting a radio
wave and modulating that wave to carry data. An RF receiver module receives the
modulated RF signal, and demodulates it.