Chapter 20- Chi-Square Tests

Pgs 713-742
A: Conceptual Foundation

Multinomial Distribution

Chi-Square Distribution

Expected & Observed Frequencies

Chi-Square Statistic

Tails of Chi-Square Distribution

Expected Frequencies Based on No Preference

Varieties of One-Way Chi Square Tests

Population Proportions are known

Expected frequencies are hypothesized to be equal

Shape of distribution is being tested

Theoretical model is being tested

Summary
1.
B: Basic Statistical Procedures
Two-Variable Contingency Tables

Pearsons Chi-Square Test of Association

Example of Hypothesis Testing w/ Categorical Data

Step 1: State hypotheses

Step 2: Select statistical test & significance level

Step 3: Select samples & collect data

Step 4: Find region of rejection

Step 5: Calculate test statistic

Step 6: Make statistical decision

Simplest case: 2 x 2 Tables

Measuring strength of association

Phi Coefficient

Cramers Phi & Contingency Coefficient

Cross-Product Ratios (Odds Ratio)

Power as a function of strength of association

Assumptions of Chi-Square Test


Mutually exclusive & exhaustive categories

Independence of Observations

Size of expected frequencies

Some uses for chi-square test for independence

Observational research

Experimental research

Publishing results of Chi-square test

Excerpt from psychological literature

Summary
1.
Advanced Material
Fishers Exact Test

Fixed vs. Free marginal sums

Contingency tables involving more than 2 variables

C: Analysis by SPSS

Performing a one-way Chi square test

Performing two-way Chi square test