TOWNSHIP TELEPHONE EXCHANGE :

HIGHLIGHTS :
MAKE : SIEMENS
MODEL :HIPATH - 4000
CAPACITY : 3000 Lines expandable up to 5760 lines
CONFIGURATION :
ANALOG SUBSCRIBER LINES : 3000 ( 1200 ohms)
DIGITAL LINES
: 48
ANALOG LONG LINES
: 104 ( 3000 ohms)
LD TIE LINE TRUNKS
: 110
E1 IN COMING TRUNKS
: 30 Channel
HOT LINES
: 50
PRI- TRUNKS
:4 x 30 =120
FEATURES :
IP- COMPATIBLE
ISDN EXCHANGE
OFC ADAPTABILITY
E1- ADAPTABILITY
REMOTE MAINTENACE INTERFACE
LAN CONNECTIVITY
IVR SYSTEM
CALL BILLING SYSTEM
REDUNDANCY
SINGLE CONTROL UNIT
UNIVERSAL SLOTS
PENTIUM PROCESSOR
FACILITIES :
AUTO CALL BACK ON BUSY / NO ANSWER
WAKE-UP / REMINDER ALARM
CALL PICK-UP
DO NOT DISTURB
CALL FORWARD
CALL TRANSFER
3- PARTY CONFERENCE

TELECOM NETWORK IN TOWNSHIP :

TOWNSHIP
EXCHANGE

PLANT
EXCHANGE
120- PRI + 60 LD Tie

30-E1-Channel ( I/C)

BSNL
EXCHANGE
SECOTR-VIII
Township Telephone Exchange is physically located
in sector-7 area of township and is connected to Plant
Exchange(PLX) through 120 numbers of PRI and 60 numbers of LD
tie / trunk lines. These two exchanges are connected through 4-PRI
channels 60- both way auto-auto type LD trunk lines. The
numbering scheme used in these two exchanges is a closed
numbering scheme and consists of 5 digits . There is no need to dial
any prefix or suffix for dialing any number in township and plant
areas. The telephone numbers in township exchange are in 8600088999 range and in Plant exchange it is 21000Township Exchange is also connected to BSNL
network by a 30 channel Incoming E1 stream. Through this is E-1
stream subscribers of BSNL network can land onto Township
Exchange telephone numbers by adding a prefix of 288 before their
five digit 8-series numbers of the township exchange.

FIG:TSX-101 :- BLOCK INTERCONNECTION DIAGRAM OF 3000 L

HIPATH-4000 EXCHANGE AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENTS
VSP-TOWNSHIP

440 V OLTS 3
PHASE
INCOMING
POWER SUPPLY
CUBICLE

SWITCH MODE
RECTIFIERUNIT-1

DC SWITCHING

SWITCH MODE
RECTIFIERUNIT-2

CUBICLE
VRLA -BATTERY
BANK -I

VRLA -BATTERY
BANK -2

48 V DC VOLTAGE

SWITCH

MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME

3000 LINES TO FIELD SIDE

ADMIN &
MAINTENANCECONSOLE

As shown in the figure TSX-101 the Township Exchange equipment

mainly consists of the following equipment :

1.AC Incomer unit

2. DC Power Supply Equipment
3.Switching equipment
4.MAC Consoles
5.MDF equipment
1.AC INCOMER UNIT :
The Exchange is provided with 440V Ac , 3-ph power supply through
two different feeders one from MRS(APSEB) and other one from TPP
direct . These feeders are swappable whenever required depending
upon the power availability. Incoming power to Power plant is supplied
through these feeders and through a lever switch mechanism for each
of the two SMPS units separately.
2.DC- POWER SUPPLY EQUIPMENT :
The power supply unit basically converts the available AC power ( 440
V AC,3-phase ) into 48 V DC . AC power is given to the SMPS rectifier
units through a switch and a fuse cut out assembly.
In Township Exchange the Power Supply Equipment is AMARRAJA make
and consists of :
2nos of switch Mode rectifier units that is SMPS based Power
supply units designated as SMP-1 & SMP-2 . Each unit is having a CSU
and three rectifier modules of 100 Amps capacity each , connected in
parallel. The CSU has a display unit which displays the various
parameters like Voltages , Currents , Alarms and battery status etc.,
The exchange normally draws a load current of 40 Amps
approximately.
One number of 600 Amp Manual DC switching Cubicle unit consisting of
knife-switch arrangement is provided and is connected to the

existing power plant and battery banks. In the supplied Manual Switching
Cubicle unit , provision is there to connect / disconnect SMP1,
SMP2,Battery bank-1 & Battery bank-2 using simple knife edge switches in
any combination. The Load terminal of the supplied Manual Switching Cubicle
unit is permanently connected to the exchange load . Also the
supplied Manual Switching Cubicle unit is housed in a separate
compartment and segregated from others.
In the event of mains power failure the Exchange will be be
automatically connected to battery supply without any interruption.
1 no of Manual Switching cubicle

which is provided to select the SMP

units and batteries as and when required . All the connections from the
SMP1&2 ,Battery 1&2 and the load (Exchange) are terminated in this
unit. Selection of SMPs and Battery can be done by using two switches
provided on the front panel.
2 nos of VRLA Battery banks

each 1000 AH capacity are connected in

float with the load.

3.SWITCHING EQUIPMENT :
Switching equipment is the heart of any telephone
exchange ,the town ship exchange switching equipment is housed in 4
cabinets that are divided into
1no CONTROL UNIT sub rack and
15 nos PERIPHERAL UNIT sub racks.
The CONTROL UNIT sub rack consists all the control cards , Hard disk
drive , MOD drive and power supply units for the sub rack
The PERIPHERAL UNIT sub racks consists of all the line cards , trunk
cards , ringer cards and power supply units.
All the cabinets are fed with individual 48 V , DC supply
from the bus bars through individual MCP switches . The 48 V supply
is wired to all the sub racks in the cabinets internally on the back panel
mother board. Also earth connectivity is extended to all the cabinets
from the earth pit. There are 2 nos of Power supply units on both sides
of each sub rack , out of which one is Working and other one is

Standby .The PSU s in the sub racks derives the different voltages of
+5V DC , -5V DC,+12 V DC and 12 V DC from the available 48V DC.
CALL PROCESSING :
The total call processing or communication between any two
subscribers is basically divided into two parts :
a) Signaling
b) Speech transfer

The signaling part

The processor continuously monitors all the lines for any loop in a
pre-determined time intervals ( milli seconds). The various sequence
operations that takes place during signaling are :

When any of the subscriber lifts his telephone hand set, the loop
will be detected by the exchange and the dial tone will be
switched .

Processor collects the digits dialed by the subscriber.

Digit analysis(1st digit) will be done by the processor so as to

route the subscriber to his destination number

If the destination number is busy or off-hook the processor

switches the busy / engage tone to the originator number

Ringing current will be passed to the destination number

Ring back tone will be switched to the originator number

Processor continuously monitors the destination for his response

to the ring
Once the destination party lifts the receiver the processor has

to cut-off the ringing current as well as the ring back tone

All these above mentioned activities are part of the call
processing and comes under signaling part of the call processing.

The speech part :

The subscriber line card SLC consists 24 ports / circuits .Each
port is for one telephone number.
The various sequence operations that takes place during
speech part are :

The analog electrical voice signals from the telephone hand set
transmitter of the originator number / destination number
reaches the SLMA card in the switch.

The analog speech signals are then converted into digital form
by using A/D converters.

Digital speech signals are sampled by Pulse Code Modulation

(PCM) coding

The PCM coded speech information is further sampled.

Sampled speech signals are Time division multiplexed (TDM)

From the available TDM signals the processor identifies the

originations address and destinations address ,then switches
As speech to the Bs circuit and vice versa .

The TDM signals in the respective circuitry are de multiplexed

,PCM decoded , converted from digital to analog form .

The analog speech signals of originator / destination are

transferred to their receiver circuits
Thus the communication takes place between the

calling party and the called party .

SIEMENS HIPATH 4000 -EXCHANGE BLOCK DIAGRAM :

LAN - BUS

CCB

Administration & Data Processor

Common Control Switch A / B
Data Processor Common 5 ( Pentium)
Quad Data Common Link
Signaling Unit with Conference & Extension
Memory Time Switch & Clock Generator
Line Trunk Unit

MTSCG

SICOE

ADP
CC A / B
DPC-5
QDCL
SICOE
MTSCG
LTU

QDCL

DPC-5

MTSCG

SICOE

QDCL

DPC-5

ADP
CCA

LTU-1

LTU-2

LTU-12

LTU-15

Acronyms :

DIFFERENT TYPES OF CARDS USED AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

:
CARD NAME
SLMA 24
SLMAR
TMLR2
TM2LP
RGE
SIUX
LTUCX
DPC-5
SICOE
MTSCG
HUB C
HDD / MOD

FUNCTION
24 port analog subscriber line card
8 port long line card
2 port LD trunk card
8 port CO trunk card
Ringer card
Tones card
LTU interface card
Processor card
Tones & DTMF card
Clock generator
LAN connectivity card
Hard disk drive / Magneto optical disk

4. MAC-Consoles
: for MAN MACHINE INTERFACE :

The Exchange can be programmed from a Personnel computer

(PC) which is connected to it by a serial port / a LAN port . The software
used for MMC is called COMWIN which runs in Windows Operating
system environment . The interaction is of command prompt type and
not a graphical user interface (GUI) based . By using this COMWIN
application on the MMC PC programming and diagnosis is being done.
for CALL BILLING :
All the out going calls or originations can be recorded into a
PC with the help of this system. By using a software called ESCAPE ,
the call billing PC records

All the originations call numbers

Time of origination

Duration of the call.

This system is provided to prepare the call billing extension wise

for all the call originations within the exchange . A dedicated PC is
assigned for this system to monitor all the outgoing calls . Malicious
calls can be traced with the help of this system.
for IVRS (INTERACTIVE VOICE RESPONSE SYSTEM) :
By dialing a code (174 ) the time is announced by this system
and also by dialing 198 , telephone complaints can be lodged with the
help of a voice prompt . All these complaints will be stored in a
database in the PC which dedicatedly assigned for this system .
5. MDF EQUIPMENT :
The MDF is main distribution frame where the cables from
the field side and the exchange side are terminated . In township
exchange KRONE MDF is being used to terminate all the exchange
cables , and conventional 50 pair tag blocks (with breaker strips ) are
used for the termination of field cables.

All the dial tones from the exchange are available in the Krone MDF
which are provided with IPM s so as to protect the exchange
equipment from the external high currents and voltage. The dial tones
are extended to the field side MDF via IPMs and jumper wires .Similarly
all the trunk circuits are available in the Krone MDF and these trunks
are further connected to PLEX trunks / BSNL trunks in the MDF.
Main Distribution Frame (MDF) is of four thousand (4000)
port capacity and equipped with 40 nos.of 100 pair CT blocks with 11
way back mount frame and 2/10 disconnection modules mounted on a
painted ,prefabricated steel structured frame and seamless interface
for termination exchange cables & field cables, provided with hooks &
rings for jumpers ,with
Integrated Protection Modules (IPM)s which
consists of PTCs and Gas Discharge Tubes for all the ports (Lines,
Trunks)of KRONE-make.
The MDF is provided with cable connections in the rear,
channels for running the cables, twin insulation Displacement type
contacts, test plugs, front access to jumper connection tags/ferrules,
replaceable contacts ,rubber floor mat covering entire MDF area etc.

GENERAL FAULTS DIAGNOSIS IN THE EXCHANGE :

FAULT / SYMPTOM
No Dial tone

Check
Check the DT at the

DIAGNOSIS
Fault may be in the

complaint

krone MDF . if YES

If NO

IPM/jumper/field MDF
If the DT is there in
the previous number
and next
number,SLMA24 card
may be faulty. Replace

Plant numbers not

Check the TMLR2

the card .
Fault in junction lines.

getting / plant

cards LED status. If

Plug out and plug in

junctions not working

they are blinking

the TMLR2 cards

continuously ..

ZERO dialing not

Check the BSNL dial

Replace the TM2LP

working

tones at the krone

card

MDF
( 30 numbers ) If YES
If NO

To be informed to the
BSNL exchange

OTHER GENERAL OBSERVATIONS TO BE MADE :

At the beginning of the shift the Power supply readings in

the CSU display are to be noted.

Check for any alarms in the Power supply unit

Check the Major/Minor alarms in the Exchange

Check the temperature in the exchange thermo meter and

accordingly the no of compressors are to be switched ON
in the AC plant .

LIST OF ABBREVATIONS :
SLMA

Subscriber Line Module

24 port subscriber line card

SLMAR
SLMO

Analog
Subscriber Line Module Rural 8 port Long Line card
Subscriber Line Module , U
24 port -Digital Card

DIUC
LTUCX

p/o interface
Digital Interface Unit Card
Line Trunk Unit Control

E1-connectivity card
LTU interface card

RGE
MTSCG

Extended
Ring Generator
Memory Time Switch and

Ringer card
Control Card for Clock generation and

SICOE

Clock Generator
Signaling Unit and

memory
Tones, MOH, DTMF etc.,

HUB
CC
ADP

Conference & Extension

HUB Controller
Common Control
Administration & Data

LAN card
Control Processor Sub rack
Administration Control

QDCL

Processor
Quad Data Communication..

Inter communication card within

Link
Data Processor & Common
Power Supply Unit

DPC-5
PSU

the control unit

Processor Card
Power supply unit

FEATURES IN TOWNSHIP EXCHANGE :

90 WAKE UP SERVICE CANCELLATION

91 WAKE UP SERVICE REGISTRATION
(91 Followed by Time in 24 hrs mode)
92 CALL PICK UP
( 92 Followed by telephone number )
93 DO NOT DISTURB ( Not activated )
95 DO NOT DISTURB CANCELLATION
4 AUTO CALL BACK (ACB)
94 AUTO CALL BACK CANCELLATION
97 CALL FORWARD ( Not activated )
98 CALL FORWARD CANCELLATION
99 COMPLAINTS DESK
CALL CONSULTATION On(IC or OG) call ,FLASH followed by
telephone number
CALL TRANSFER : On (IC or OG) call , FLASH followed by
telephone number then ON HOOK the telephone
THREE PARTY CONFERENCE :
First step: On incoming call , flash followed by 2nd
party telephone number
Second step : flash + *3
TIME ANNOUNCEMENT : DIAL 174
AUTOMATIC COMPLAINT LOGON : DIAL 198

Parallel telephone ringing : On IC call FLASH and ON-HOOK the

telephone you will get ring again
FLASH is provided in all the new PB instruments or it can be
done by just tapping of Cradle Switch of any telephone
instrument

PAIR GAIN SYSTEMS

Pair gain systems are designed to save the
copper cable pairs in the critical areas where there is severe shortage
for cable pairs to run dial tones. They are available in 4 lines , 8 lines
and 15 lines and 30 lines capacities in the market.
In Township PG systems are used to run dial
tones between plant exchange and Town ship as there is severe
shortage of cable pairs in the available 200 pair Junction cable . Two
number of 8-line PG systems are installed between Plant exchange and
Township exchange. Using only 2 pairs in the junction cable 16 dial
tones can be connected in the township from the plant exchange .

A BRIEF IDEA ABOUT PG -SYSTEM

BLOCK DIAGRAM :

Line1

HDSL Pair-1

Line-1
RT-1
Line-15

Line 15
COT
Line 1

HDSL Pair-2

RT-2

Line-1
Line-15

Line 15
Dail tones from the
Cable pairs of
WORKING
exchangePRINCIPLE
are fed to:
existing cable
COT on the source/
sender side
The system consists of 2 major components :

Dail tones from the RTside are received on

the destination /
receiver side

Central Office Terminal (COT) and a

Remote Terminal (RT)
The COT is just looks like a small exchange unit which consists of
HDSL-main board, a CPU- board and COT/RT Power supply boards etc.,
The COT converts the dial tones which are fed to it and to be sent to
remote location, into digital form and sends these converted or
digitized dial tones onto a single pair called HDSL pair ( High Bit Rate
Digital Subscriber Line ).
The HDSL pair carries digitized dial tones as well as the working DC
voltage(approx. 135 V ) required for the RT on the same pair

The RT which is located at a remote location gets the HDSL pair as its
input and decodes the channel and derives the original dial tones that
are fed on the COT side as it is. The dial tones those are out putted
from the RT can be further distributed as per the requirement in the
site.
ADVANTAGES :

Cable pairs can be saved

Further laying of cables can be postponed temporarily

Since the transmission is digital , no disturbance and

induction

No external power supply is needed for RT at the site

Data also can be transferred using this system

DISADVANTAGES :

Since all the dial tones are working in a single pair if

there is any problem in this pair all the dial tones will be
affected.

Careful handling of DSL pair is needed.