.

formation of hazard
Hot springs occur when water seeps into the earth, which is heated by magma
(molten rock beneath the surface of the earth). The earths pressure causes the
water to rise above the surface forming a hot spring. The water from the hot
springis heated by geo thermal heat i.e., temperature of rocks within the earth
increases with depth, which is known as geothermal gradient. If water percolates
deeply into the crust, the water gets heated when it comes into contact with the
hot rocks.

Many of the larger springs in the Rockies are the result of long cracks, or joints,
in sedimentary rock.
How are Hot Springs Created?
When we talk about hot or thermal springs, these are defined as springs where
the temperature of water lies significantly above the mean annual air
temperature of the region." A mineral spring is defined as one that contains a
reading of 400 parts/million of total dissolved solids. Both types of spring are
found from Mexico to Alaska.
In the case of the thermal springs in the Rockies, their formation tends to be
quite consistent. As rain falls on the surrounding peaks, it percolated into the
rather porous sedimentary rocks. As it descends through the rock, it picks up a
variety of materials, everything from radium to sulphur. Also, as it moves further
beneath the surface, it heats up from the primal heat of the Earth. Eventually, it
encounters a large thrust fault, or crack. As water descends behind it, it forces
the now heated water to ascend along the fault-line to surface as a hot or warm
spring. In Banff, it is the Sulphur Mountain Thrust Fault that is responsible for the
8 hot and warm springs along the lower slopes of Sulphur Mountain. Also critical
in the creation of a hot spring, is an express route to the surface. If the water
moves slowly from depth to the surface, it will cool back down before it bubbles
out as a spring. Luckily, since many of these springs occur in limestone
formations, The openings allowing the water to the surface may be enlarged by
dissolving of the limestone to create a virtual pipeline to the surface. This
assures a quick trip and warm waters.

Intro
These hot springs in Malaysia have become famous tourist attractions, who
come here to treat illness and to relax. The hot springs help in detoxifying the
toxins from your body.

What are the various types of Hot springs?

Sodium carbonate springs

Sulfur springs

Ferrous springs

Sodium hydrogen carbonate springs

Mud springs and

Salt or Hydrogen sulfide springs.

The water in hot springs has several therapeutic healing effects, such as:
rheumatism, arthritis, insomnia, stiff joints, derma related complaints, respiratory
concerns, spinal injuries, fractures and other stress related ailments. The
temperature ranges from 60 degrees C to 101 degrees C
. The hot springs are high in mineral content and contains calcium , lithium
and even radium.

damages
What are the disadvantages of Hot springs?
Thermophile is an organism that is present in hot springs thrives at relatively
high temperatures between 45 and 80 degrees C that cause infections to
humans. Some Hot spring biota are infectious to humans such as: Naegleria
Fowleri, is an amoeba live in warm waters and causes meningitis. It can lead to
several deaths, which enters the brain through the nasal passage. Other biota
includes Acanthamoeba, Legionella bacteria, and several viruses are found in hot
springs. So anyone having cuts, sores or lesions should not take a bath in these
hot springs

Type of sedimentary and igneous rock

-shale
-chert
-novaculite
-sandstone

History
Taiwan has the highest concentration and greatest variety of hot springs in the
world ranging from hot springs to cold springs, mud springs and seabed hot
springs. The hot spring water is crystal clear and safe to drink. Icaria, Greece has
radioactive hot water spring that has been in use since 4th century BC.

Hot Springs History

For more than a hundred years, hot springs in the Rockies have attracted untold
numbers of visitors to their healing waters. There's something very soothing
about soaking in a pool of water heated by the primordial heat of the Earth itself
especially at a time when the health of that Earth itself is in question. Over the
past few years, the future of these facilities has been in question as the debate
over their cost and profits, compared to their historical significance is regularly
and routinely discussed within the higher echelons of parks.
The first white men traveled through the Banff area in 1841. That year, George
Simpson, in charge of North American operations for the Hudson's Bay Company,
passed through as part of a round-the-world journey. He never mentioned
anything about any hot springs. Neither did Reverend Robert T. Rundle who
entered the area shortly thereafter. He is remembered in the name of Banff's
most famous peak.
The first non-native discovery of Banffs springs was in 1865 with the arrival in
the Bow Valley of two American fur traders, Benjamin Pease and Peter Younge.
Pease was able to speak Sioux (a language similar to Stoney), and was told of
the springs by local Indians. Development wasn't really an option as the area was
still completely remote with no reasonable access, so the springs remained
undisturbed until the railway chugged its way west. With this, came more and
more people. On a cold morning in November of 1883, three workers, Frank
McCabe and William and Thomas McCardell, noticed steam rising from the side of
Terrace (now Sulphur) Mountain. As they checked out the source of the steam
they became the modern discoverers of the Cave and Basin Hot Springs.
Being good capitalists, they quickly built a small bath-house and filed a
homestead claim. Unfortunately, homesteads weren't recognized in the Rockies.
They then tried a mineral rights claim. Unfortunately again, mineral springs were
not considered a mineral resource. All of this brought the area to the attention of
William Pearce, the mine Superintendent in Calgary. Upon investigating, he was
so impressed that he, along with William Van Horne of the C.P.R., began to
agitate for the creation of a park.
Finally, on November 2, 1885, the Banff Hot Springs Preserve was set aside. It
was only 26 square km, but two years later would be significantly enlarged and
renamed Rocky Mountains Park Canada's first National Park. It was also the
third such park in the world behind only Yellowstone in the U.S. and Royal
National Park in Australia.
Like Banffs hot springs, Miette Hot Springs were well known to local natives.
Passing fur traders often soaked in their healing waters. Miners from nearby
Pocohontas who first built a rough trail to the springs in 1910, followed with a
small bath-house three years later. The first pool was built in 1919, but the area
remained remote until a road was completed in 1933.
Radium hot springs, like all the rest, was long known before it was developed. In
fact, it played an integral role in the location of highway 93. This highway was
routed to take it past the springs. Although a tent was erected in 1890, a small

pool was built in 1914. A more permanent structure was built in 1923, after
completion of Highway 93 and the creation of Kootenay National Park.
Today, these parks look very different. With millions of visitors each year making
their way through the gates, the connection these pools provide to our history is
becoming more and more vital. We must ensure that these landmarks will
continue to soothe the aches and pains of travelers for many years to come.

Malaysia