Ahmed Ismail Kassem

Z5027304

Clarence Jason Soetantio

Z5042643

Jinq Yuen Goh

Z5001427

Kevin Huynh

Z5061996

MMANZ3475815
2100
Huiyang Lin
Z5055698
FIRST DESIGN
REPORT
PERSONAL TRANSPORT VEHICLE ON
CAMPUS
Tao Chen

1
Abstract
The objective of this report is to explore various designs that can help
most students in college to commute between classes or places around
campus. The report utilises various methodologies including: researching
customer domain, slider, contextual inquiry and crowdsourcing methods
to help reach an optimal solution without compromise. More extensive
research is also employed which include: functional domain coupled by
Kano customer satisfaction and functional hierarchy. Additionally, to map
the relationship between customer and functional domain this report uses
House of Quality methods. Lastly, the aim of the design is to help create
a personal vehicle that is safe, economical, aesthetically pleasing, time
efficient and has various compartments for loading purposes.

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT TOPIC

1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC

5
5

2. RESEARCH OF CUSTOMER DOMAIN

2.1 PORTRAIT OF TARGET CUSTOMERS

2.2 SOLICITATION OF CUSTOMER VOICES
2.3 EXTRAPOLATION OF CUSTOMER VOICES

5
6
7

3. RESEARCH OF FUNCTIONAL DOMAIN

3.1 ASSIGNMENT OF FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

CUSTOMER NEED 1: TRAVEL FROM INITIAL POINT A TO DESTINATION B
CUSTOMER NEED 2: PROTECT USERS AND MAINTAINS SAFETY
CUSTOMER NEED 3: ENTERTAINS USER WHILE TRAVELLING
CUSTOMER NEED 4: RENT OUT PERSONALISED TRANSPORT
CUSTOMER NEED 5: RUNS EFFICIENTLY AND CHEAPLY
CUSTOMER NEED 6: MANAGE LOAD
3.2
CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
KANO SATISFACTION MODEL
3.3
ORGANIZATION OF FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
3.4
SPECIFICATION OF DESIGN CONSTRAINTS
STRUCTURE CONSTRAINTS
POWER CONSTRAINS
COST CONSTRAINS
SAFETY CONSTRAINS

9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
12
12
12
13
13
14

4. MAPPING BETWEEN CUSTOMER AND FUNCTIONAL DOMAIN

14

5. CONCLUSION

14

REFERENCES

15

BIOGRAPHY

17

APPENDIX

18

APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C

18
18
19

3
APPENDIX D
APPENDIX E

20
20

List of Table
Table 1. Customer Priorities.........................................................................7
Table 2. Comparison between existing products and expected product. . .20
Table 3 - Classified functional requirements according to satisfaction......20
Table 4. Performance factors according to customer needs......................20
Table 5. Additional features to make the product more appealing............21
Table 6. Services to maintain customer satisfaction in the long run.........21
Y

List of Figures
Figure 1. Slider representation describing target customers.......................6
Figure 2. The customer satisfaction according to the degree of
implementation...................................................................................11
Figure 3. Functional Requirements Hierarchy............................................12

4
1. Introduction
1.1 Background of the Project Topic
It is well known that students, particularly college students, spend a
fair amount of their times travelling around campus. Research on
travelling behaviour for students conducted in University in Hong Kong
shows that commuters take up about 16 minutes to travel between
classes over 1.57km [1]. While in academic environment the ideal
travel time is 10 minutes and the distance between classes should be
at most 0.7315 kilometres [2]. From these facts, it can be concluded
that the realistic travel time is 60% more than the ideal travel time.
Furthermore, the actual travel distances are more than double the ideal
travel distance.
1.2

Significance of the Project Topic

The significant difference between the ideal goal and the reality shows
that this problem needs to be addressed. One of the effective ways to
minimize or rather eliminating these problems is to design a personal
transport vehicle that can assist students to travel around campus.
Furthermore, this personal transport aim to maximize the travel speed,
safety and comfortability, while minimizing travel time and risks.

2. Research of Customer Domain

2.1 Portrait of Target Customers
When designing a new product, it is vital to understand the category of
people the product will assist. This brings up the idea of identifying the
stakeholders associated with the product. Therefore, describing the target
customers can be achievable.
Generally, a stakeholder is an individual with an interest or concern
regarding a particular product or service. In this case, the interest is a
product that will ease commuting on campus for individuals with hefty or
oversized luggage. The list of stakeholders regarding our product is listed
below:

Junior or senior students

Lecturers
Professors
Campus security
Coffee shop employees
Event organisers
University visitors

5
Researching the target customers is the next step towards having a welldesigned product. A number of methods (such as word cloud or post-it
note) could be used to describe target customers; however, the adopted
technique was Slider Description Technique and that was preferred
because it was seen the most suitable to describe our new product.
Figure 1. Slider representation describing target customers

2.2 Solicitation of Customer Voices

Taking customers suggestions and concerns into consideration can be
very helpful by making the new designed product more appealing and
desired. Therefore, customer voices were collected and documented using
two methods.
Firstly, interviewing target customers and asking open-ended questions
has suggested the need for further textual inquiry. The questions utilised
during the applications are shown in Appendix A. Interviewees were
selected based on whether they are going to use the product or not;
therefore, 14 interviewees were students, 3 lecturers / professors, 2
campus security people and a university visitor. A total of 20 interviews
were held and all the obtained results were documented in Appendix B.
Based on these 20 votes, a table of priorities was constructed to provide a
general direction of thinking.

Ran
k
1
2
3
4
5
6

Attribute

Table 1. Customer Priorities

Votes

Safety
Speed
Weight/compactness
Price
Ease
Entertainments

7
5
4
3
1
0

Secondly, the crowdsourcing technique was used to increase the amount

of customer reviews that will be considered to design the artefact since
the previous method had a drawback of having limited amount of
customers due to the time constraint. Amazon.com was the website
chosen because it has a huge amount of customers with constructive
feedback about the products they offer. Results from this technique are
displayed in appendix C.
Finally, after merging the results acquired by both methods, it is essential
to summarise the outcomes and identify the main points.

Safety was identified as the most important aspect, but the safety
mechanism should not be counter-productive.
The device should not be too slow as the main objective is to allow
quick travel for customers, especially with luggage.
A minority desires some requirements, which will probably be
disregarded, as it will conflict with a more crucial aspect. For
instance: to introduce a sort of entertainment will eventually
increase the price of the product but since price is a priority
compared to entertainment, entertainment should be given up.
All requirements cannot be satisfied so requirements demanded by
less people will have to be abandoned to satisfy the demand of the
most.
There should have been a large quantity of customers giving us
requirements in the contextual inquiry method like 2000 instead of
20, but time was a constraint.

2.3 Extrapolation of Customer Voices

Commuting on campus with luggage was always a setback; therefore,
there are some existing solutions for this problem in the market now.
Considering, evaluating and questioning these solutions is one way to

7
design a product that can be more convenient for the customers. The
studies show:
1. Skateboard:
A skateboard is a sporting equipment and is the easiest and most
used method of commuting on campus
Merits:
Drawbacks:
Easy
Unsafe if not used carefully
Cheap
Not useful if you have heavy
Light and compact
luggage
Requires man power
2. Hover board:
A hover board is self balancing, portable board that make mobility
easier and quicker
Merits:
Drawbacks:
Electrically powered
Unsafe
Fast
Complicated to use
Not useful if you have heavy
luggage
Heavy
3. Segway:
A Segway is a two wheeled vehicle that enables travelling around
conveniently
Merits:
Drawbacks:
Fast
Huge
Safe (emergency brakes)
Very heavy
Electrically Powered
Requires learning
Allows carrying stuff
Requires self-balancing
4. Scooter:
A scooter is a two wheeled vehicle on which the driver sits over an
enclosed engine with their legs together
Merits:
Drawbacks:
Electrically powered
Huge
Fast
Heavy
Easy
Once the preceding solutions where fully studied and analysed and the
customer voices were considered, hence the strategy of disruptive

8
innovation was adopted. This strategy was found to be the most
appropriate for the new product because it would disrupt existing
personalised vehicles on the market, which would help establish our
design.
According to the customer voices it is clear that an innovative ideas need
to exist. A skateboard is cheap and light but can be unsafe and does not
allow carrying of belongings; being unsafe is totally against the customer
voices. On the other hand, a hover board and a Segway can be considered
more convenient as they are electrically driven and fast but are also
complicated to use and heavy. The fact that it is heavy and, thus, makes it
unappealing to the target customers. An electric scooter could be ideal
but it is huge and cannot be used in congested areas like a university
campus. As a result the new product is expected to be a combination of
the advantages of the previous solutions presented. For instance, It should
be light, compact, electrically driven and allows belonging carrying. In
appendix D, a comparison between the expected product and the existing
solutions is demonstrated in a table format.
According to table 1, safety was seen to be the most important factor
because the products will be used in a campus environment that is
supposed to be safe and free from any kinds of danger; therefore, the
safety issues associated with the existing products shall be considered.
This will be done by using a more stable battery and introducing
emergency brakes that can allow stopping in the least time possible.
3. Research of Functional Domain
3.1

Assignment of Functional Requirements

Customer Need 1: Travel within university campus in the least

amount of time
Performance and schematic layout of the universities inner roadways are
the main features that has limited the vehicles function. In order to reduce
time constraints, optimisation of the shortest path with additional
performance features will alleviate these constraints.

Functional requirement 1: power up fast

Functional requirement 2: brake instantaneously
Functional requirement 3: travel on all terrain

Customer Need 2: Protect users and maintains safety

Users can be seriously injured when using motorized vehicles that can
reach high speeds and do not require registration by the RTA. One of the

9
major concerns is the use of lithium-ion batteries in everyday gadgets and
devices. With at least a dozen incidents related to battery explosions in
2009-2014 [7], such small and compact modular components are
susceptible to catching on fire when used unsparingly. Other safety
concerns include PPE (Personal Protective Equipment), as suggested by
the CPSC [8].

Functional
Functional
Functional
Functional
Functional

requirement
requirement
requirement
requirement
requirement

1:
2:
3:
4:
5:

Wear helmet
Locks feet to vehicle
stop emergency system
Provide easy maintenance service
recognise user/ owner

Customer Need 3: Entertains user while travelling

Additional features on the vehicle can enhance the occupants journey by
making it enjoyable.

Functional requirement 1: Plays all media formats

Customer Need 4: Renting personalised transport

Giving the customer the option to rent or buy out the product creates
choices and leaves an opportunity that everyone can have a go.

Functional requirement 1 : try before renting

Functional requirement 2 : transfer funds easily

Customer Need 5: Runs efficiently and cheaply

Functional requirement 1: Folds down
Functional requirement 2: Portable around campus, public
transport and in all cars
Functional requirement 3: Occupy a small space
Customer Need 6: Manage Load
Functional requirement 1: constant torque
Functional requirement 2: Supports natural body posture

10
3.2 Classification of Functional Requirements
Kano Satisfaction model
Figure 2. Kano's Table (Customer satisfaction according to the degree
of implementation.)

High

Fully Implemented

Absent

Low

Time

Basic Function/ Feature expectations Basic Function/ Feature

expectations The "bread and butter" of how the vehicle functions. Fully
expected functions include the minimum requirements which customers
expect when purchasing a vehicle. These requirements set the foundation
to our very aim, which is to create a personalised vehicle for college
students who choose to commute on campus using a motorized vehicle.
Without these functions in hand, the model would fail and would not even
be placed on the crowded market as a competitor. However, safety and
basic function can also coincide and will also be included in the table.
In the level of full implementation [1] to no implementation [10], the basic
functional requirements are classified in accordance to the customer
satisfaction. (Refer to appendix E- table 3)
Performance function/Feature Our basic needs are coupled with
performance factors. Without it the basic expectations would never meet
customer or marketing standards. Hence, it is important to also place
emphasis in this area. (Appendix E - Table 4)
Excitement function feature The optional excitement function is one
that will provide the final icing on the cake where customers will be
surprised by hidden features. This will help pull more customers since

11
clients are more satisfied in getting products with better value relative to
the competitors at the same price (Appendix E table 5)
Time effects on customer satisfaction The excitement feature will
always diminish since newer and better products on the market are being
produced. To tackle these problems, the implementation of an extended
warranty and 24/7 support line will provide the needed customer
satisfaction in the hopes that the company can maintain a healthy
relationship. One example of the services can include faulty product
recalls at no extra cost. (Appendix E table 6)
3.3 Organization of Functional Requirements
Figure 3. Functional Requirements Hierarchy
Transport
Transport
person
person

Comfortable
Comfortable

Ergonmic
Ergonmic

Adjustable
Adjustable

Soft
Soft

Cheap
Cheap

Recyclable
Recyclable
material
material

Additional
Additional

Enterainment
Enterainment
devices
devices

Tools
Tools

Safe
Safe

Lock
Lock

ID
identify
ID identify

Speed
Limit
Speed Limit

Storage
Storage
space
space

Convenient
Convenient

Stable
Stable

Electrical
Electrical

Easy
Easy to
to carry
carry

Chargable
Chargable

Simple
Simple
Design
Design

Replaceable
Replaceable

Light
Light

Music
Music

Lights
Lights

Internet
Internet
access
access

Phone
Phone
charging
charging

Compact
Compact

Situation
Situation
noticing
noticing

Can
Can
transform
transform

ununcumbersome
cumbersome

The primary purpose of the vehicle is to transport the person. Based on

this purpose, the functional requirements can be divided into several
parts. Based on the customer voices, the main requirements were
comfortablity, price and safety. In this section of the report these
requirements are divided into sub categories that are illustrated in a
functional requirement hierarchy (Figure 3).

12
3.4 Specification of Design Constraints
Structure Constraints
The structure is the basic constraint of the design as it decides the size of
the vehicle that will satisfy the customer needs. For the primary needs,
the structural constraints can be weight carried, dimension and mass.
1) Weight Carried
The purpose of the vehicle is to transport person so the structure
must accept the weight of an adult and can also carry extra things.
Weight carried decides the maximum mass the vehicle can accept.
Consider the weight of a healthy adult around 20 years is about
70kg [11]. The loading capacity should be no less than 70kg for
normal use.
2) Dimension
The product is to be used on campus, and campus environments are
known to be congested and has limited parking space. These factors
limit the size of the product. A bicycles dimensions are usually
around 585mm high x 565mm long x 270mm wide [12], and a
skateboard is nearly 736mm long x 190mm wide [13]. A bicycle is
considered too big for campus environments and skateboards do not
help the user to carry luggage. Therefore, the dimensions of the
product to be designed should be no more than 580mm high x
700mm long x 250mm wide.
3) Mass
The vehicle needs to be easy to carry around so the mass of this
vehicle is an important factor. For the weight that a person feels
normal, the mass would be around 10kg [14]. So for the mass limit,
the weight of the vehicle would be no more than 10kg.
Power Constrains
Power is important for the vehicle. It decides the weight it can carry to
move. The minimum power the vehicle needs is important to consider. In
this case, a battery can be used to store energy and a motor will use this
energy for movement.
1) Motor
A motor will provide power to the vehicle to enable movement, but
the motor should be limited in terms of size and power. Some of the
slopes on campus are fairly steep and the vehicles motor should be

13
powerful enough to carry the person and their luggage up these
slopes. For a normal road, the slope of the road can be 24 degrees in
maximum [15]. With the power formula, the power of the motor
should be at least 150W [16]. According to the law of Australia, the
motor must not exceed 250W [17].
2) Battery
A battery is important as it stores energy, thus acts as fuel for
electrically powered vehicles. The battery needs to be efficient and
durable to last for all trips in one day. The Li-type battery is
commonly used on vehicles like electric bicycle. Similarly, the
battery of the vehicle used in the project can also be the same type
of Li-battery.
Cost Constrains
The aim of the vehicle is to be used on campus, as the majority of
customers are students. Most students do not have a strong purchasing
power because they get their money from their parents. As a result, the
price should be made acceptable to students. According to the survey, the
cost is preferred to be a rental cost since it will not be used all times so it
was found better to pay for it only when needed.
Safety Constrains
Most of the successful designs have a very high level of safety. Being vital,
safety constraints are explained and divided into two main sections;
stability and speed limit.
1) Stability
The vehicle itself needs to be stable to avoid toppling over. This
could be an issue cause it will not just injure the user but will also
injure people on foot too because it will be used in crowded
environments. The battery also needs to be chemically stable to
avoid potential risks such as explosions or catching fire.
2) Speed Limit
Due to the large amount of people walking on campus, the vehicle
should not be allowed to move very quickly. As a result, a speed
limit has to be set for the vehicle. According to the law of Australia,
the speed of the vehicle would be no more than 25km/h [17]. Also
the recommended speed of the campus is usually 25mph. So by
these, the speed of the vehicle cannot exceed 25km/h [18].

14
4. Mapping between Customer and Functional Domain
Based on the House of Quality constructed, a series of customer
requirements and functional requirements are highlighted. The roof of
House of Quality illustrates correlations between every functional
requirement for a clear picture while improving each requirement.
Direction of improvement for each functional requirement is shown on the
spreadsheet as well to guide the team on the path to design a better
product that suits the current market. Comparing to each of the
competitors product, Team 3s product fared well in terms of customer
requirements that shows higher importance, and from the results
obtained, it will be more systematic in working towards the target limit
that has been set.
5. Conclusion
Referring to all the analysis made from research of customer domain to
functional domain, team 3 has weighted out the merits and drawbacks of
existing products as well as the new product. Customer voices and
constraints listed out in the report are essential for the team to construct
a detailed House of Quality. Then, from all the information obtained, it has
become more convenient to take the next step in designing a new product
for the wellbeing of students travelling in campus.
References
[1] Sun, G. (2014). Exploring the Influence of Changes to the Built
Environment on WalkingBehavior: A Natural Experiment within a
University Campus in Hong Kong. The Chinese University of Hong
Kong The Chinese University of Hong Kong Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com.wwwproxy0.library.unsw.edu.au/docview/
1674839718/
[2] Spooner, D. (2011). Ten Minutes Wide: Human Walking Capacities and
the Experiential Quality of Campus Design.
[3] Amazon. (2015, December 14). Segway miniPRO | smart self balancing
personal transporter with mobile App control. Retrieved September
2, 2016, from Amazon.com: Outdoor Recreation,
https://www.amazon.com/Segway-miniPRO-Balancing-PersonalTransporter/dp/B019Z6HS86/ref=sr_1_1?s=outdoorrecreation&ie=UTF8&qid=1473131508&sr=1-1&keywords=segway

15

[4] Amazon. (2016, August 17). Powerboard by HOVERBOARD - (SAFE UL

2272 CERTIFIED) 2 wheel self balancing scooter with LED lights hands free battery powered electric motor --personal transporter USA company. Retrieved September 2, 2016, from Amazon.com:
Sports & Outdoors, https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01HUBQVV8?
psc=1
[5] Amazon. (2014, August 24). UberScoot 1000w electric scooter by
EvoPowerboards. Retrieved September 2, 2016, from Amazon.com:
Outdoor Recreation, https://www.amazon.com/UberScoot-1000wElectric-Scooter-Powerboards/dp/B00A1ELLNK/ref=sr_1_25?
s=outdoor-recreation&ie=UTF8&qid=1473131662&sr=125&keywords=electricscooter
[6] Amazon. (2016, March 06). Glion Dolly foldable lightweight adult
electric scooter with Li-Ion battery, black. Retrieved September 2,
2016, from Amazon.com: Sports & Outdoors,
https://www.amazon.com/Glion-Foldable-Lightweight-ElectricScooter/dp/B018KTMOPG/ref=pd_rhf_se_p_img_6?
ie=UTF8&psc=1&refRID=QVMFC0F5HPN40WTW8D2M
[7] Edmund, M. (2016). Botched and Dangerous. Quality Progress, 49(4),
10.

[8] Korioth, T. (2016). Parent Plus: Injuries, fires prompt warnings about
hoverboards. AAP News.

[9] OMalley, S. (2016). Issue: Product Recalls Product Recalls.

[10] Eriksson, M. (2013, July 3). Using the Kano model to Prioritize
product development. Retrieved September 6, 2016, from Product
Management Process,
http://www.mindtheproduct.com/2013/07/using-the-kano-model-toprioritize-product-development/

16

[11] McDowell, M. A., Fryar, C. D., Ogden, C. L., &Flegal, K. M. (2008,

October 22). National Health Statistics Report. Retrieved August 28,
2016, from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr010.pdf

[12] Limited, B. B. (2012, July 10). What are the folded dimensions of a
Brompton? Retrieved August 28, 2016, from Brompton,
https://brompton.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/203295851-Whatare-the-folded-dimensions-of-a-Brompton-

[13] What size Skateboard do I need? - warehouse skateboards Blog.

(2011, November 23). Retrieved August 28, 2016, from Warehouse
SkateBoards,
https://www.warehouseskateboards.com/blog/2011/11/23/what-sizeskateboard-do-i-need/

[14] Packweight is relative. Retrieved August 28, 2016, from

BackPacking, http://www.backpacking.net/packwate.html

[15] Allain, R. (2013, March 12). Whats the steepest gradient for a road
bike? Retrieved August 28, 2016, from Dot Physics,
http://www.wired.com/2013/03/whats-the-steepest-gradient-for-aroad-bike/

[16] Power. (1999, October 18). Retrieved August 28, 2016, from
http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/py105/Power.html

[17] Website, developer. Laws on electric bikes in Australia. Retrieved

August 28, 2016, from Electric Bikes, http://revelectricbikekits.com.au/general-info/the-law.htm

[18] Leist, A. (2016). Benefits outweigh inconvenience for uniform speed

limits. Retrieved August 28, 2016, from The Oracle,
http://www.usforacle.com/news/view.php/685667/Benefits-outweighinconvenience-for-unif

17

Biography

Clarence Jason Soetantio

Currently an UNSW student studying mechanical and manufacturing

engineering. I am doing engineering design 2 (2100) on my second year
in first semester. For this report I have been trusted to do the introduction,
abstract and title page.

Ahmed Ismail Kassem

A second year aerospace engineer who is highly motivated and willing to

learn new stuff. Ive been elected to become a leader for this team (Team
3). I finished the basic design courses (ENG1000 and MMAN2130) and now
working with my team to produce an innovative product

Jinq Yuen Goh

Currently a second year Mechanical Engineering undergraduate, working

closely with the team to produce a complete House of Quality (Mapping
between customer and functional domain part)

Kevin Huynh

A second year Mechanical Engineer student currently identifying the key

functional requirements of the project design that would assist college
students commuting.

Tao Chen

Currently studying mechanical and biomedical engineering in UNSW.

Worked with the team to do the functional hierarchy for the report.

Huiyang Lin

Second year Mechatronics engineer student at UNSW, who collaborated

with the group to do the soliciting of voices.

18
Appendix
Appendix A
The set of open-ended questions that was asked to interviewees in the
contextual inquiry method
How do you transport on campus?
How much stuff do you usually bring to school?
Do you find it difficult to roam around with your stuff using your
preferred method? If yes why?
If an idea is to be adopted to make transport on campus easier and
faster, would you use it? Why?
How do you think this idea/device should work?
Would you pay for it? Why or why not?
If yes, then how much are you willing to pay to get the service?
Do you think there is something that can safely transport people and
luggage on campus? If yes, state it
If no, can you think of something that can satisfy this purpose? If yes,
Can you visualise it?
What do you think is the most important attribute to be available in
the solution/device? Why?
What additional features can make the solution more appealing to
you? Why?

Appendix B
The outcomes from the contextual inquiry method:
1. 17 interviewees preferred to travel with friends while the rest
favored travelling alone.
2. 8 people agreed to pay $20 per month and 7 thought that $10 was
ideal for the product; while 5 said that they should not be charged
for it.
3. All the customers needed the device to be light and they all agreed
that the device should be less than 10 kg.
4. The device must be safe without any radiations or chemical
explosions.
5. 12 applicants favored that the device to be electrically driven, while
the rest desired it to be mechanical so they can do some exercise on
campus.
6. The majority of the candidates mentioned that it should be easy to
use so it will not require a lot of learning time.

19
7. Only 2 interviewees fancied having an entertainment system (like
radio), however the rest found it not necessary since journeys are
short.
8. 7 people stated that speed was a top priority.
9. The device should be easy to carry or have enough unitive
depositories.
10.
Folding or detachable system, which can fold the device using
as small area as possible.
11.
2 or 3 single devices can put together to form a bigger one for
more people to ride on.
Appendix C
The outcomes from the crowdsourcing method:
1. Customers have found the safety feature on electrically powered
devices to be totally counter-productive as the device slams an
automatic brake when it exceeds a speed limit that might cause loss
of balance [3-4].
2. The speed of these devices is usually too low.
3. Customers are not willing to buy the product but just rent it at an
hourly rate.
4. It is encouraged to look cool. (Like a Vespa or a dirt bike)
5. Storage compartment on the device should be waterproof.
6. Storage compartment should be rigid to protect its contents
7. Since it will be used on campus, its motor should only have a soft
whirr sound [5].
8. It should be powerful enough to go up ramps and inclines.
9. It is preferable if the device can climb stairs.
10.
A reliable and efficient braking system should be mounted on
the device so safety of others can also be ensured because campus
is a busy place.
11.
Having three wheels would make the device more stable and
easier to control.
12.
The device should be folded for storage when not in use [6].
Appendix D
A comparison is portrayed between the product to be designed and the
existing solution. Each attribute is rated between 0 [worst] and 5 [best] to
show how the expected product will be more helpful than the existing
ones.
Table 2. Comparison between existing products and expected
product
Attribute
Expected Skateboa Hover
Segway
Electric

20

Comfortabl
e
Price
Accessibilit
y
Convenien
ce
Speed
Safety
Weight
Storage
Energy
Efficiency
Location
Services
Entertainm
ent

Product
3

rd
1

Board
2

Scooter
5

3
4

5
5

1
2

1
2

3
4

4
5
4
5
3

2
2
5
5
5

4
1
1
1
2

5
3
0
0
3

5
2
1
1
2

Appendix E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Table 3 - Classified functional requirements according to satisfaction

motor and brakes
Portable around all venues typically visited by college
students
Carry occupant and load
Locks body of occupant with vehicle
Reliable and tough
Charges by USB or regular power port
Automated emergency braking
Fire extinguisher
Satisfy the Australian National standards of safety
Table 4. Performance factors according to customer needs
Occupies a small space
Powerful motor to take on hill climbs and linear power
output
Automated emergency braking sensor
Powers up quickly and brakes quickly
4 wheel drive system
Travels on all terrain encountered by students
Supports natural body position
Equipped with high end batteries
Compatible with roads

21

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Table 5. Additional features to make the product more appealing

Track your friend app (both iOS and Android) using gps
Regular maintenance service
Plays all media formats used in computers
Connects to the universities internet and other signals
Try before you buy/rent including deposit
Receive incentives including parking area
Folds down into a light and compact cube

1
2
3
4
5
6

Table 6. Services to maintain customer satisfaction in the long run

24/7 service and maintenance
Light and compatible less strain when carrying
Excellent customer service
Quality assurance
Security
Cheap and affordable