CAHAYA METRO SDN BHD

Standard
Operation
Procedure

1.

METHOD OF STATEMENT FOR PILING

WORK

Prepared by:
Nur Farah Atika. K
Check by:
Jamlan A Tangah
Page
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1

PURPOSE
The purpose of this method statement is to detail the process involved in the installation of
the piling works for substation building. The procedures are to apply to all personnel
involved with the piling works.
2. LOCATION

Station 1 (Kg. Pinangkau), Sugut Sabah

Station 4 (Kg. Pantai Boring), Sugut Sabah

3. GENERAL
The selection of the foundations is carried out by reference to the soil investigation result
(i.e. JKR Probe, Mechanized Boring To Set Depth). From these a Foundation Setting
Level Diagram and Foundation Data Sheet is produced. These clearly indicate the
foundation types to be installed and also relevant setting levels and dimension.
4. SETTING OUT
Boundary survey shall be carried upon possession of site based on the pre-computation
plan available. Setting out plan shall be submitted for checking and approval.
The pile line and levels are to be provided by Principal Contractor in agreement with
contract supervisor in such a way as to ensure piling foreman has a permanent
unmistakable set of reference point to work form

Standard
Operation

CAHAYA METRO SDN BHD

METHOD OF STATEMENT FOR PILING

Prepared by:
Nur Farah Atika. K
Check by:

Procedure
WORK

Jamlan A Tangah
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5. HANDLING, PITCHING, DRIVING AND EXTENSION

All handling and lifting will be at the designed lifting points and support points. Centrally
in line with the pile axis to receive the hammer to prevent pile whip, twist or rotation.
Each pile shall be clearly marked with red ink at 300mm intervals along its length to
enable the driving blows to be recorded at every 300mm depth of pile penetration.
Each pile shall be driven continuously until the specified set and / or depth has been
reached. A detail record of the driving resistance over the full length of each pile should be
kept.
6. PILE CONNECTION
Connection shall be by means of welded end plate at pile ends. Welded joint shall be of
butt welded type all round pile by qualified welder and a minimum cooling time shall be
allowed before continuing any driving work as specified by the Project Consultant. On
completion of welding, the slag will be chipped off and wire brushed to receive red-oxide
paint.
7. PROCEDURE OF PILE INSTALLATION
The installation process and method of installations are equally important factors as of the
design process of pile foundations. Pile installation methods are installation by pile
hammer and boring by mechanical auger.

Standard
Operation
Procedure

Pile size 150mm x 150mm will be transported to the site by a trailer truck and
barge. The will be supported by bedding timbers placed directly under the
positions of lifting hooks.
Piles will be stored carefully on flat ground within the temporary yard.
Pile markings should be carried out to every pile segments to check the rough
penetration per hammer blow.
CAHAYA METRO SDN BHD
METHOD OF STATEMENT FOR PILING
WORK

Prepared by:
Nur Farah Atika. K
Check by:
Jamlan A Tangah

Page
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8.

Revision
0

Pile driving hammers shall be of the size needed to develop the energy required to
drive the piles at a blow count that does not exceed 10 blows per inch (25 mm) at
the required ultimate pile capacity.
Penetration reading will be recorded in Piling Record of Cahaya Metro ISO Form

EQUIPMENT
1. Hydraulic piling rig
2. Crane

9.

CRITERIA FOR SET AND PILE DRIVING

Based on Hileys Formula
Pu = F x WL = Nh x w x h x (e2 x wpile + w)
s + c/2
wpile + w
Pu:
WL:
F:
Nh:
w:
wpile:
s:
c:
e:

Standard
Operation
Procedure

Ultimate Design Load

Working Load of Pile
Safety Factor
Hammer Efficiency
Weight of Hammer
Weight of pile
Set per blow
Temporary Compression
Coefficient of restitution

CAHAYA METRO SDN BHD

METHOD OF STATEMENT FOR PILING
WORK

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Nur Farah Atika. K
Check by:
Jamlan A Tangah
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Method of taking set is subjected to the Engineers approval. The achieved set for the
driven pile at its required penetration shall be last two consecutive 10 blows recorded and
submitted to the resident technical officer or resident engineer for inspection and record.
10. SET CALCULATION BASED ON HILEYS FORMULA R.C. PILE
Pu = Nn x Wn x H x Ne
S + 0.5Tc
Where:

Pile size (mm2)

200
200
200
Lc (tonne)
5
5
8
Ne = e2 x Wp + Wn
Sf
3
3
3
Wp + Wn
Pu (tonne)
15
15
24
Lc
= Load Capacity
Nn
0.75
0.75
0.75
Sf
= Safety Factor
1
3
1
Pu
= Ultimate Resistance of Pile Wn (tonne)
Nn
= Hammer Efficiency
Hmin (mm)
400
100
765
Wn
= Weight of Hammer
Tc (mm)
20
20
20
Hmin
= min. Hammer Drop Height
L (m)
14
14
21
Tc
= Temporary Compression
e
0.25
0.25
0.25
L
= Estimated Penetration
e
= Coefficient of restitution
Wtp/m (Tonne/
0.054 0.054 0.054
Wp
= L x Wtp/m
m)
Wtp/m = Weight of pile per metre
Ne
0.596 0.811 0.502
S
= Set per blow
S (mm/ blow)
1.9
2.2
2.0
(Using Dolly, Set is reduced by 25%) Set (mm/10
Final set must 19
be less than
22 20mm
20
blow)

Standard
Operation
Procedure

CAHAYA METRO SDN BHD

METHOD OF STATEMENT FOR PILING
WORK

11. DYNAMIC PILE TESTING/PILE LOAD ANALYSIS

200
8
3
24
0.75
3
175
20
21
0.25
0.054
0.743
202
22

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Check by:
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Dynamic pile testing and instrumentation will be performed using the PDA/CAPWAP
system on the tested pile. Measurements of the force and velocity waves induced in the pile
during pile testing are collected by force and acceleration transducers, which are fixed near the
pile head.
11.1 TEST PROCEDURE
Dynamic pile testing can be conducted on bored piles by means of a heavy impact at the
pile head. The impact is often provided by a suitable drop weight and the response is
measured in terms of force and acceleration close to the pile head.
For testing, the pile may require some excavation prior to the field-testing. The exposed
lengths of pile have to be at least 1.5 diameters of the pile or 1.0m whichever is greater
above the penetration level for pile instrumentation. The pile head will be protected for
the impact by means of steel casing, which is used to build up the pile.
A guide frame will be positioned onto the pile. The frame is used to guide the drop
weight under the fall. A steel plate of about 50mm is placed on top of the pile head so as
to protect the pile head from damage under the hammer fall. 3 nos. of 6mm diameter
holes are drilled on two opposite sides of the pile for attachment of gauges at 1.5
diameters below the pile top. Two pairs of force transducer and accelerometer are bolted
onto the pile using wall plugs.
During testing, the transducers will be connected to the Pile Driving Analyzer and its
associated storage computer equipment via a main 19-wire cable (up to 50m long). The
client will supply and operate the piling hammer to induce a driving force onto the pile.
The drop weight is positioned and drop onto the pile under controlled height. Dynamic
measurement of force and velocity will be collected by gauges attached to the pile. This
data will be processed by the PDA to give immediate visual and permanent record onsite.
Each blow monitored by the PDA will be displayed on the built-in LCD screen/
oscilloscope in the form of force and velocity traces for immediate data quality control
and computation. The PDA will also provide onsite results such as: -

Standard
Operation
Procedure

a.
b.

CAHAYA METRO SDN BHD

METHOD OF STATEMENT FOR PILING
WORK

Mobilized static load capacity based on the CASE method

Pile Integrity location and extent of damage

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Check by:
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c.
d.

Pile Stresses maximum compression forces at pile top/ toe

Hammer Performance maximum energy transferred to the pile

The transducers and accelerometers will be dismantled at the end of the testing. PDA
data will be transferred and stored in a disk for subsequent report and analysis. The above
procedure will be repeated for the next pile test. A survey of the pile top is taken before and
after the testing to obtain the permanent set per blow. The client is also to provide the bore
log information and pile construction record for the test pile.
11.2 DATA ASSESSMENT AND CAPWAP ANALYSIS
The pile top force and velocity signals recorded in the field will be processed and a
representative blow will be selected for further analysis using the CAPWAP suite of
computer software.
CAPWAP analysis involves applying the measured pile top force/ velocity time record as
a boundary condition to a wave equation model of the pile comprising of continuous
segments.
The soil model is continuously adjusted in an iterative procedure until the computed pile
top force time record is in close agreement to the measured pile top force time record.
When good agreement is obtained between measured and computed pile top data, the soil
resistance parameters are assumed to provide the best accurate model of the actual soil
behavior.
A typical presentation of the CAPWAP results will be as follows: 1. CAPWAP model a match curve of computed pile top force to the measured pile top force
time record
2. Total computed soil capacity sum of Skin Friction and Toe Bearing
3. Computing Load against Settlement curve

Standard
Operation
Procedure

CAHAYA METRO SDN BHD

METHOD OF STATEMENT FOR PILING
WORK

Prepared by:
Nur Farah Atika. K
Check by:
Jamlan A Tangah
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11.3 REPORTING
Initial results are normally available within 24 hours or two working days of the
completion of each test. These shall include the following: a)
The assumed damping factor
b) The assumed wave speed
c)
The maximum force applied to the pile head
d) The maximum pile head velocity
e)
The maximum energy imparted to the pile
f)
The maximum tension force experience by the pile
g) The field estimated static resistance
h) The maximum driving stresses
A full report shall be submitted within 10 days of the completion of the testing. This
report shall include the following: a)
Report all information given in preliminary report
b)
Information of pile size and working load
c)
Date of pile installation
d)
Date of test
e)
Pile identification and location
f)
Length of pile below existing surface
g) Total pile length, including projection above existing surface at time of testing
h)
Length of pile from instrumentation position to pile toe
i)
Hammer type
j)
Best estimated static capacity
k)
Pile integrity
l)
Force/ velocity versus time trace
m) Computed load versus settlement

Standard
Operation
Procedure

CAHAYA METRO SDN BHD

METHOD OF STATEMENT FOR PILING
WORK

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Check by:
Jamlan A Tangah
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The field sheet is to be signed off by the representative each from the contractor,
engineer (and client, if applicable) to signify presence during the test.

Typical PDA Output Quantities

Typical PDA Input Quantities

Standard
Operation
Procedure

CAHAYA METRO SDN BHD

METHOD OF STATEMENT FOR PILING
WORK

Prepared by:
Nur Farah Atika. K
Check by:
Jamlan A Tangah
Page
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Standard
Operation
Procedure

CAHAYA METRO SDN BHD

METHOD OF STATEMENT FOR PILING
WORK

Prepared by:
Nur Farah Atika. K
Check by:
Jamlan A Tangah
Page
Revision
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0

Standard
Operation
Procedure

CAHAYA METRO SDN BHD

METHOD OF STATEMENT FOR PILING
WORK

12. SAFE WORK PROCEDURE FOR R.C. PILING WORKS

Prepared by:
Nur Farah Atika. K
Check by:
Jamlan A Tangah
Page
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12.1

OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of the safe work procedure are as follows:
Ensure that RC piling works is performed with conformity to the Workplace Safety and
Health Act; its regulations, any relevant code of practices as well as current safe and
health work procedures.
Ensure that all workmen involved in the RC piling works are aware of this safe and
health procedure and recognized the possible hazards in the established risk assessment
report before and during the course of the carrying out the piling works.

12.2

REFERENCES
References are made to the following documentation
-

12.3

Workplace safety and health act

Workplace safety and health (Risk management) regulations
Factories (Operation of Cranes) Regulations
Workplace safety and health (construction) Regulations
Workplace safety and health (Noise) Regulations

GENERAL
All piling workers including the qualified welders shall attend the work safety and health
induction briefing prior to the commencement of work
All safe work procedure and risk assessment shall be briefed to the piling workers
including the qualified welders during the safety induction course.
Work areas within the piling vicinity shall be barricaded and displayed with adequate
Danger, Keep Out warning sign boards provided by the main contractor.

CAHAYA METRO SDN BHD

Standard
Operation
Procedure

12.4

METHOD OF STATEMENT FOR PILING

WORK

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

-

Piling Machine/ Rig

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Check by:
Jamlan A Tangah
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12.5

Welding Set
Crane for unloading of precast RC piles

PROCEDURE
All equipment, machinery and tools used for the piling works shall be of safe and good
working condition.
RC Piles materials shall be in accordance to the approved drawings provided by the main
contractor
Underground services/ utility:- The underground service/ utility detection work shall be conducted within the
vicinity of the piling work area.
- The services/ cable detection works shall be carried out by qualified service
detection workers.
- When in doubt, trial pits and/or trenches shall be carried out to identify the exact
locations of the existing services before driving of the piles.
Piling works shall commence upon obtaining the relevant piling permit provided by the
main contractor.
Daily inspection of the piling equipment and related machinery shall be carried out in
accordance to the checklist provided.
Installation of the RC Piles shall be in accordance to the piling works method of
statement.
-

Standard
Operation
Procedure

Only authorized and qualified piling works are allowed within the vicinity of the
piling works area.
All piling workers shall be equipped with full personal protective equipment (PPE).
Only qualified welders are allowed to carry out welding works for the piles and
with relevant Hot Work Permit, if required.
During the course of driving of piles, no one shall be within close proximity of the
piling rig.

CAHAYA METRO SDN BHD

METHOD OF STATEMENT FOR PILING
WORK

Prepared by:
Nur Farah Atika. K
Check by:
Jamlan A Tangah
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13. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK CONTROL (HIRARC)

The possible hazards are as follows;

Hazard Identification
No.

Work Activity

Transportation
of material on
site

Unloading of
material

Setting up of
machinery

Hazard

a.

Falling
object

Risk Assessment
Possible
Accident
Worker
hit by
falling
object

b. Moving
Vehicle

Worker
hit by
moving
vehicle

Falling object

Worker
hit by
falling
object

Crane topple

Machine topple

Worker/
operator
hit by
crane

Worker/
operator
hit by
machine

Existing
Risk Control
(if any)
Ensure
material is
adequately
tied onto
trailer
Provide
worker to
guide driver
and vehicle
Use tagline
to guide the
material
Provide
signalman
and rigger to
guide driver
and operator
Ensure all
lifting gear
has proper
certificate
Workers to
have proper
PPE
Ensure crane
base
properly
jacked
To know the
load and
radius hoist
Ensure all
lifting gear
has proper
certificate
Ensure only
authorized
and qualified
mechanic to
set up the
machine

Risk Control
Action
Officer,
Designatio
n

Severity

Risk
Level

Additional
Risk
Control

Mo

NA

Site
Foreman

Mi

NA

Site
Foreman

Mo

NA

Mo

NA

Mo

NA

Mo

NA

Ma

Ma

Ma

Ma

Park the
crane on
the firm
ground
Comply
with the
hoist
permit
Ensure
suitable
lifting gear
to be used
Brief the
workers
and
educate
them
where
supposed

Safety
supervisor

Safety
supervisor

Safety
supervisor

Safety
supervisor

Setting out of
pile position

Offset pile
position

Piling Work
Commences

Falling surveyor
equipment

Falling surveyor
equipment

Unauthorized use
of pile jack
machine

Machine topple

Surveyor
hit by
falling
equipme
nt
Surveyor
hit by
falling
equipme
nt
Operator
unable to
control
machine

Worker/
operator
hit by
piling
machine

Ensure
machine has
valid LM
Ensure
tripod
properly
secured
Ensure
tripod
properly
secured
Ensure only
authorized
and qualified
operator to
operate the
machine
Ensure only
authorized
and qualified
operator to
operate the
machine

Ensure
ground is
stable for
piling
machine to
man oeuvre
Ensure
machine ha
valid LM
Certificate
Hit by pile during
lifting and jacking

Worker
hit by
pile

Ensure
nobody go
under/ near
jack in
machine
unnecessaril

to stand
during
work
Comply
with hoist
permit

Safety
supervisor

Ma

Mi

NA

Site
Foreman

Mi

NA

Site
Foreman

Ma

Ma

Machine to
be lock-off
when there
was no
operator
inside
Traffic
Controller
or banks
man to
guide the
operator
for the
machine
movement

De-mark
the area to
prevent
unauthoriz
ed entry

Ma

Comply
with the
hoist
permit

Ma

Ma

Area to be
barricaded
& lifting
supervisor
to be
supervise

Site
Foreman/
Safety
Supervisor

Site
Foreman/
Safety
Supervisor

Site
Foreman/
Safety
Supervisor

Site
Foreman/
Safety
Supervisor/
Lifting
Supervisor
Site
Foreman/
Safety
Supervisor/
Lifting
Supervisor

whole
lifting
operation

Welding/
Cutting

Placing of RC
piles

Loading of
kentledge
blocks

Fire

Worker
injured
by fire

Contact with
electricity

Worker
injured
by
electrical
shock

Falling pile

Worker
injured
by pile

Falling block

Worker
hit by
falling
block

Use proper
PPE. provide
fire
extinguisher
at vicinity.
provide
adequate
warning sign
Welding area
free of
flammable/
Combustible
material
Provide fire
blanket to
contain
falling
sparks
Ensure
welding
machine
properly
earthed/
grounded,
connection
in good
condition &
dry with no
mechanical
faults
Use tagline
to guide the
pile &
provide
signalman
and rigger to
guide driver
and operator
Ensure
proper
ground for
placing piles
Use tagline
to guide the
block &
provide

Mo

Mo

Mo

Work zone
to clear off
Unauthoriz
ed person

Permit to
hot-work
application
, if any

NA

Site
Foreman/
Safety
Supervisor

Site
Foreman/
Safety
Supervisor
Site
Foreman/
Safety
Supervisor
Site
Foreman/
Safety
Supervisor

Mo

NA

Mo

NA

Site
Foreman

Mo

NA

Site
Foreman

Mo

Work zone
to clear of
unauthoriz
ed persons

Lifting
supervisor/
rigger/
signalman

LG
Failure

Imprope
r/ poor
rigging
method

10

11

Setting up of
kentledge
block

PDA test by
piling

Working at height

Worker
fall from
height

Hit by piling
hammer

Worker
hit by
piling
hammer

signalman
and rigger to
guide driver
and operator
Ensure all
lifting gear
has proper
inspected
colour code
and valid
test
certificates
Brief all
rigger and
signalman
on using of
safe signs
Ensure only
authorized
worker to set
up and use
safety belt
Ensure
authorized
operator/
worker to
operate
piling
machine

Ma=Major, Mo=Moderate, Mi=Minor, H=High Risk, M=Medium, L=Low Risk

14.

ATTACHMENT

Piling Record Form

from
entering

Mo

Permit to
hoist
application
, if any

Rigger

Lifting
supervisor/
rigger/
signalman

Mo

Lifting
supervisor/
rigger/
signalman

Mo

Mo

NA

Site
Foreman