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t is well established
that the central region
of India, despite being
resource rich, inhabits
the poorest people who
have not benefited from social
and economic development to the
same extent as people in other
regions have, and in many cases
have actually been harmed from
displacement that growth entails.
From the viewpoint of policy, it is
important to understand that tribal
communities are vulnerable not only
because they are poor, assetless and
illiterate compared to the general
population; often their distinct
vulnerability arises from their
inability to negotiate and cope with
the consequences of their forced
integration with the mainstream
economy, society, cultural and
political system, from which they
were historically protected as the
In addition to
spending budgets,
we need to give
equal importance
to non-monetary
issues such as
institutions, laws,
and policies
The author is a member of the National Advisory Council. He retired as Secretary, Planning Commission, and has been
engaged in projects related to various aspects of Planning and Development .
YOJANA April 2011
Land alienation
Indebtedness
Ineffective implementation of
Panchayats (Extension to the
Scheduled Areas) Act of 1996
(PESA, 1996) for Schedule V
areas
Budget
Estimates
(BE)
Revised
Estimates (RE)
Expenditure
% age of
expenditure over
BE
2006-07
1656.90
1652.68
1647.37
99.42
2007-08
1791.71
1719.71
1524.32
88.63
2008-09
2121.00
1970.00
1805.91
85.17
2009-10
3205.50
2000
1996.79
62.35
2010-11
3206.50
YOJANA April 2011
Yojana
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