ELECTRONIC SYSTEM

EXPERIMENT 2: DC POWER SUPPLY

(PLO4; CLO2)
1.0 AIM
1. To analyze and understand the operation of DC Power Supply.
2.0 OUTCOMES
At the end of the session the students will be able to:1. Determine and sketch input and output waveform of all the block diagram
concludes in DC power supply.
2. Explain the operation of each block in DC power supply.
3.0 EQUIPMENTS/MATERIALS NEEDED
1. Livewire software
4.0 THEORY
The function of DC power supply unit is to change the AC voltage to DC voltage.
Figure 2(a) shows the first stage of dc power supply block diagram is called
Transformer and its function to step up or step down the AC voltage input. The
second stage is rectifier. There are several types of rectifiers such as half wave
rectifier, full wave centre-tapped rectifier and full wave bridge rectifier. The function
of this stage is to change AC voltage to pulse DC voltage. The third stage is to
smooth the DC from varying greatly to a small ripple. The most common technique
used for filtering is a capacitor connected across the output. Finally, the last stage of
DC power supply is regulator. Regulator is use to eliminates ripple by setting DC
output to a fixed voltage.

Figure 2(a): DC Power Supply Block Diagram

EXPERIMENT 2: DC Power Supply

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Figure 2(b) is the DC power supply circuit diagram. The secondary winding of
transformer is connected to four silicon rectifiers, D1 to D4. Operation of the circuit is as
follows : Assume that during positive alternation (alternation 1) of the input sine wave,
point C is positive with respect to D (the voltages at the opposite ends of a transformer
winding are 1800 out of phase). This makes anode of D1 positive with respect to its
cathode, and D1 is therefore forward-biased. Similarly the cathode of D3, connected to
point D, is negative relative to its anode. Hence, D3 is forward-biased. It confirmed that
D2 and D4 are reverse-biased during alternation 1. Thus, in a circuit; D1 and D3 will
conduct during alternation 1 while D2 and D4 will be cut off.

Figure 2(b): DC power supply circuit diagram.

Filter is a circuit that converts the pulsating DC voltage to a small ripple DC

voltage. Ripple is the AC component in DC power supply. Figure 2(b) shows capacitor
filter circuits with load RL where the capacitors filter C1 and C2 are connected parallel to
the output terminal at the load RL and inductor L1 is connect series to R L.
Voltage Regulator has three terminals and appears to be a comparatively simple
device but it is actually a very complex integrated circuit (IC). A regulator converts
varying input voltage and produces a constant "regulated" output voltage.

5.0 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES

EXPERIMENT 2: DC Power Supply

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1. By using livewire software, connect a circuit as shown in figure 2(c).

Figure 2(c): Dc Power Supply circuit

2. Determine the input waveform (point A B), then sketch the waveform in
table 2.0.

Graph 2.0: Input waveform

EXPERIMENT 2: DC Power Supply

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3. Determine the transformer output waveform (point C D), then sketch the
waveform in graph 2.1.

Graph 2.1: Transformer output waveform

4. Determine the rectifier output waveform (point E F), then sketch the
waveform in graph 2.2.

Graph 2.2: Rectifier output waveform

EXPERIMENT 2: DC Power Supply

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5. Determine the filter output waveform (point G H), then sketch the
waveform in graph 2.3.

Graph 2.3: Filter output waveform

6. Determine the regulator output waveform (point E F), then sketch the
waveform in graph 2.4.

Graph 2.4: Regulator output waveform

EXPERIMENT 2: DC Power Supply

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7. Determine the voltage divider output waveform (point KL and point LM),
then sketch the waveform in graph 2.5.

Graph 2.5: Regulator output waveform

EXPERIMENT 2: DC Power Supply