Smart Earthquake Resistant RCC Building Structure

IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 2 | Issue 11 | May 2016
ISSN (online): 2349-784X
Smart Earthquake Resistant RCC Building

Structure
Manjesh Srivastava
Department of Civil Engineering
Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology,
Gorakhpur
Mrinank Pandey
Department of Civil Engineering
Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology,
Gorakhpur
Abstract
Simulation of collapse procedure of a scaled reinforced concrete structure is carried out and compared with the results obtained by
a prototype shake table model and spring base isolator experiments. The experiment was performed using RC building model and
analyzes the time of cracking under Magnified excitation. Springs-with-damper base isolator installed under a three-storey
building. It is a base isolation device approximately similar to Lead Rubber Bearing. This experiment is totally based on frequency
ranges. In this experiment we compare our structure with the natural frequencies of building and analyze the results i.e. in which
frequency, cracking starts in RCC building structure and our building is safe.
Keywords: Spring Base Isolator, Earthquake Resistant Structure, Natural Frequencies of Building
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I.
INTRODUCTION
Earthquake resistant techniques are Base isolation, Energy dissipation device, Spring Base Isolator structure. For the protection of
building from different magnitudes of an earthquake, use Spring Base Isolator Structure technique. Generally Spring Base Isolator
is a base isolation device which is used for conservation of various building and non-building structures adjacent to potentially
harm lateral impacts of strong earthquakes.
Fig. 1: Spring Base Isolator Structure [8]
Springs with damper base isolator installed beneath a three storey town house. It is a base isolation device approximately equal
to Lead Rubber Bearing [3]. One of two three storey townhouses like this, which was well instrumented for the recording of both
vertical and horizontal accelerations on their floors and the ground, has survived a flinched shaking during an earthquake.
Spring base isolator structure generally works: When earthquake strikes the building does not moves
Building is rested on springs (Spring Isolator)
Helps to avoid cracking
It is suitable for hard soils only
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Smart Earthquake Resistant RCC Building Structure

(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 11 / 103)
The rest of the work is standardizing as follows: part 2 discusses and converges about the outline of experiment and concepts.
We summarize our proposed section briefly in part 3, which is the methodology part. Finally, we summarize our review work;
conclude the work and some future scope in part 4 and 5 subsequently.
II. PRELIMINARIES
In this section, we describe the outline of experiment and concepts regarding spring isolator in brief:
Outline of Experiment
Simulation of cracking process of RC structure is carried out and compared with the results obtained by spring base isolator
structure experiment [1]. The experiment was performed using three storied RC building. Springs-with-damper base isolator
installed under a three-storey building. It is a base isolation device approximately similar to Lead Rubber Bearing [3].
This experiment is totally based on frequency ranges. In this experiment we compare our structure from different frequencies of
an earthquake and analyze the results i.e. in which frequency, cracking starts in RCC building structure.
This study will focus particularly on earthquake building design and smart technology process in INDIA [4]. Interviews with
experts in this field show that there is scope to look at better individual structures, but also the whole infrastructure of cities.
Furthermore, consideration has been given to how smart process could be developed to reduce localized destruction [5].
Exploration into the adaptation of this smart technology will hint whether structural stability and fatalities could be drastically
reduced [6].
Concepts
1) When the quake comes the system dissipates energy in the building cores and exteriors [9].
2) The frames are free to rock up and down within fittings fixed at their bases [10].
Fig. 2: Prototype model of spring Base isolator structure
III. METHODOLOGY
Natural Frequencies
Natural frequencies and modal damping ratios of buildings for vibration observations or vibration tests are paramount to grasp,
and those various behaviors are also significant. The evaluation methods of natural frequencies are almost enunciated however the
ratios of modal damping which cannot be evaluated accurately in these days.
Natural frequencies can be calculated from the given equations:
[2 M k] = 0
In this case mass and stiffness matrices would take on the following forms:
1 0
0
Mass: M =[ 0 2 0 ]
0
0 3
593

1 + 2
2
0
Stiffness: k =[
2
2
3
3]
0
3
3
where: m1 = the mass of floor one
m2 = the mass of floor two
m3 = the mass of floor three
k1 = the stiffness of floor one
k2 = the stiffness of floor two
k3 = the stiffness of floor three
To determine the frequency of the structure, a procedure called Eigen Analysis must be utilized. This approve makes use of matrices
which are mathematical arrays of arranged in rows and columns. For Eigen Analysis they are used to store values of various modes
and degrees of freedom. In the given equations the Eigen Values represents natural frequencies.
Fig. 3: Equivalent Multiple Degree of Freedom Structure [9].
The given equation can also be written as for the calculations of natural frequencies. So in this case:
= 2
1 = 2
where,
2
Natural Frequencies can also be calculated as:
=
k/m
2
Where,
k is stiffness
M is Mass of floors
Stiffness
Every building has an inherent stiffness. When a force is applied to a building, it will move in the direction of the force. Stiffness
is defined as the ratio of the force applied to the displacement experienced. Therefore, the higher the stiffness, the less a building
will deform under a given load.
Stiffness: k= force/displacement
There are several ways to model the moment frame, each of which results in a unique stiffness. If the base connection is modeled
as fixed (like the column-beam moment connection), the stiffness of the frame is defined by the following equation:
k = 2
12
3
where: I= Moment of inertia of the column

E= Modulus of Elasticity
h= Height of the building
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Calculations of Masses, Stiffness and Natural Frequencies on each floors

Plan and elevation of a three-storey R.C. residential building is shown in fig. 4.3 as a building configuration.
Fig. 4: Plan
Fig. 5: Elevation
Seismic Masses
Mass on Column 1on first floor = 105.165 kN
Total Mass on First floor M1= 4X105.165 = 420.66 kN
Similarly,
Total Mass on second floor M2= 841.32 kN
And on third floor M3 = 1261.96 kN
Floor Stiffness
12
Column stiffness of storey, k = 3
0.234
Moment of Inertia of columns, Ic =

= 2.332x10^ (-4) m4
12
2
Youngs modulus, Ec = 5000 fck N/mm = 500025 = 25000 N/mm2
12
k1 = 4 3 = 14874.17003 kN/m
k2 = 4
12
3
12
= 1859.271253 kN/m
k3 =4 3 = 50.44232423 kN/m
Natural Frequencies
Mass matrix=
1 0
0
M= [ 0 2 0 ]
0
0 3
Stiffness matrix=
1 + 2
2
0
2 + 3 3 ]
k = [ 2
0
3
3
Solving the Eigen equation, k-M^2= 0, we will get Eigen value and Eigen vector respectively as;
31.79
9.07
^2 = {
};
0.15
5.63
3.011
={
} rad/sec
0.38
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Installation Process of Spring Base Isolator Structure by a Section Plan.
Fig. 6: Section plan (Spring Base is olator Structure)
Fig.6, represents a section plan in a proper scaled proportion i.e. Proto type scale model:
1:10H
1:10V
Here, G.LEV. Is denoted as Ground level, # represent diameter of reinforcement bar and @ represents center to center spacing of
the diameter bar.
IV. ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
Cracking Analysis under Expand Excitation

1) Failure starts by slightly cracking and move forward by yield and cut of reinforcement at base columns and beams
2) In continuous vibration collision of the failed beams with other structural members during collapse causes intense damage for
the lower floors.
Analysis of Model from the setup (Shake Table)
Table 1
Analysis Stages of RCC Building Model
Frequency
Result
10 Hz
Safe
25 Hz
Safe
40 Hz
Cracking Starts
Fig. 7: 3 Storey Prototype Model with shake table

596

Figure 7 represents a Shaking table which is shaking with different frequencies i.e. 10 Hz, 20 Hz and 40 Hz. It is made up of ply
wood, tire and motor. Motor is of 145 watt and 1400 RPM. The speed of motor can be calculated from tachometer device and then
calculated the frequency from the given equation:n= 120p/f
where n= speed of motor in rpm
p = number of pole
f = frequency of motor
We calculated the speed of motor in rpm at different speed of regulator and then calculate the frequency.
Table 2
Calculation of Speed and Frequency
Regulator Speed Speed in RPM Frequency (Hz)
Low
5600
10
Medium
2800
20
High
1400
40
Fig. 8: Prototype Model of Reinforced Concrete Structure

Table 3
Calculation of Natural Frequencies
Floors
K
M (kN) F (Hz)
For First Floor
14874.17 420.66
5.63
For Second Floor 1859.27
841.32
3.011
For Third Floor
50.44
1261.96
0.38
Now we analyze the natural frequencies from the setup i.e. shake table. On a given condition if 10Hz frequency represents 5.63
Hz Natural Frequency, so 40 Hz frequency represents 40 X 0.9468 = 22.52 Hz.
Table 4
Natural Frequency Vs Calculated Frequency
Floors
Natural frequency(Hz) Calculated frequency(Hz)
For First Floor
5.63
22.52
For Second Floor
3.011
12.044
For Third Floor
0.38
1.52
So on the above calculations if the natural frequency is greater than calculated frequency then the structure will fail. Thus we
have obtained the result that the calculated frequency is greater than the natural frequency. In this way we have proved that a spring
base isolator can be a best way to ensure the safety of buildings.
V. CONCLUSIONS
In this research, the main conclusion is to make a building safe. To acquire this objective we have used spring base isolator for the
safety of the building against earthquakes. I accordance with this, we have made a RCC prototype model structure which is safe
between 10 Hz to 39 Hz and cracking starts from 40 Hz. Again we have calculated the natural frequencies of RCC Building Model
from the equations and analyze the result from the given setup.
Stiffening elements of the model reduces the lateral displacements. It is important to have the cores or minimizing the
eccentricity in order to avoid torsion in the overall structure.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work has been carried out in civil engineering department of Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur,
India. The authors present its heartiest gratitude towards the entire faculty members for their constant encouragements, guidance
and supports.
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IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 2 | Issue 11 | May 2016

ISSN (online): 2349-784X