Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Genetic Algorithm
LIU Meixia, WU Xinmiao
Agricultural University of Hebei, 071001, Baoding, China
liumeixia401@126.com
Abstract: In this paper, multi-objective Genetic Algorithm based on parataxis choice is introduced to
optimize water allocation. Fitness value is used to select the individual of every objective function, and
then the selected individuals are recombined to perform crossing and mutation. The Pareto optimal
solutions of water resources optimal allocation are obtained by carry on partition-parataxis
choice-merger operation continually. The result of example proves that the method is reasonable in the
application of water resources optimal allocation.
Key words: Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm; water resources optimal allocation; Pareto
optimization solution
1 Introduction
Currently, the Sustainable Utilization of water resources relates to the harmonious development
among mankind, society, environment , and optimal allocation of water resources is a effective means
which can promise Sustainable Utilization of water resources , so the research on water resources
optimal allocation has great significance.
The purpose of water resources optimal allocation is to allocate the water resources scientifically and
rationally, making the limited water resources get reasonable, full exploitation, in order to acquire best
possible comprehensive benefit, which includes economic benefit, ecosystem environment benefit and
social benefit etc[1]. These benefits are usually mutual conflict and restriction, so the optimal allocation
of water resources is a multi-objective optimization problem, MOPs. The research on optimal allocation
of water resources has already obtained certain achievement, but most research adopt single objective or
traditional multi-objective optimal methods, such as, weighting method and restriction method etc.,
changing the complicated multi-objective optimal problem into single-object problem [1], but the
disadvantage of these methods is that each time we can acquire only one result, after computing many
times, we can acquire a group of Pareto optimization results. The essential difference between the
single-objective optimization problem and MOPs is that the result of MOPs is not the one and only, but
is a group of Pareto optimization results. In this paper, Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm is introduced
to solve the problems of water resources optimal allocation.
selected. Carrying out crossover operation and mutation operation in new population and bringing the
next generation, thus carrying on "partition- parataxis selection- merger" operation continually. Finally,
the Pareto optimization solutions are acquired[3]. The sketch map as figure1.
Choice criterion
Subgroup1
Object function1
Population
Object function2
Subgroup 2
Object function n Fi
Subgroup n
Crossover
Mutation
(1)
E = f1 ( x ij ) = max 10 4 1 / K i X ij
j =1
i =1
In the formula (1), the decision variable xij denotes the water consumption of different sources (j)
distributing to different water users (i) ;( 104 m3); i=1~5, denotes the five water users; j=i~n, denotes the
number of water sources; the symbol k , k 2 , k3 denote the water consumption of three industries
respectively,(m3 / 104 yuan); E denote total output value, (104 yuan).
(2) Population function: The water consumption of town and country divided by water use quota, and
the maximal number of population as the population function.
n
5
(2)
P = f 2 ( x ij ) = max 10 3 1 /(365 K i ) X ij
j =1
i = 4
1
In the formula (2) , the symbol of k 4 , k5 denote the water use quota of town and country
88
(10 p).
4
(3) Water circumstance function: The minimal contamination of COD discharge amount is used to
represent water circumstance condition.
n
5
(3)
C = f 3 ( x ij ) = m a x 0 .0 1 d i p i X ij
i
=
1
j
=
1
In the formula (3), pi denotes sewage discharge rate; di denotes the amount of COD in per-unit
wastewater) C denotes the total amount of COD, (t).
4.3 Restriction condition
(1) Restriction of water supply amount:
5
ij
W j max
j=1~n
(4)
i =1
W j max
10
X ij / K i E i m a x
i=1~3
(5)
j =1
Ei min denotes the minimal production value of every industry; Ei max denotes the maximal production
10
X ij /( K i 3 6 5 ) Pi m a x
i=4~5
(6)
j =1
Pi min denotes the minimal number of population of town and country; Pi max denotes the maximal
0.0 1 d
p i X ij C m ax
(7)
j =1 i = 1
[4]
Cmax denotes the maximal amount of COD which can be accepted ,t.
5 Example analyses
Based on the above model and optimal method, water resource allocation of city is optimized. Firstly,
the total water supply should satisfy the demand of water users, and the economy object, population
object and circumstance object are considered at the same time during allocating two water sources:
surface water and groundwater .In this example, the quantity of two water sources are allocated to five
water users, so the number of decision variables are ten, then the length of every chromosome is ten
gene-locus. Other parameters are as follows:
The size of the population Popsize=300; the maximal evolution generation maxgen=50; the
generation gap GGAP=0.9; the crossover probability Pcross=0.7.Finally, fifteen optimal schemes are
acquired. Here, we list six schemes among them for decision-making.
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Table1
Allocation
schemes
The first project
The second
project
The third project
The forth project
The fifth project
The sixth project
Difference
values
550
10120
249130
10150
33650
10050
51000
1190
10080
10060
10190
10180
245300
245820
246940
247630
10110
10160
10130
10070
26720
28240
25070
25060
10010
10070
10020
10000
51000
51000
51000
51000
1210
530
540
540
Secondary industry
Tertiary industry
Town
Country
Existing groundwater
248400
248450
33680
33330
210
260
6200
6150
1250
1360
291400
291400
Difference
values
1660
1850
248450
248670
33610
33680
260
210
6150
6200
248680
33600
210
6200
1360
1250
1250
291400
291400
291400
1570
1390
1460
248670
33680
210
6200
1250
291400
1390
Allocation schemes
The first project
The second project
The third project
The forth project
The fifth project
The sixth project
Economy Function
Population Function
Total population
104p
822.64
836.20
937.13
934.80
787.43
772.25
Water circumstance
Function
COD Discharge amount
t
12217
12264
10311
10753
9856
9837
The optimal solutions and the contrast results with existing water are listed in table1; values of three
object functions are in table2. From the difference values in table1, we can conclude that the water
consumption of surface water and groundwater in every scheme is less than the existing water supply.
According to table2 the decision-makers can select final scheme according to their requirement.
6 Conclusion
Water resources optimal allocation is an important content of water resources layout, because the
system of water resource is multi-object, so its difficult by using traditional method to solve this
problem. In this paper, multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to solve the problem. According to
the characteristic of the genetic algorithm, the optimal program is developed and an example is analyzed.
The results are proved reasonable, and the final optimal schemes can be supplied to decision-making.
References
[1] Gao Ying, Shi Lei, Yao Pingjing. Study on Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm. Proceedings of the
3th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, 2000. (in Chinese).
[2] Zhang Liangzhen, Huang Qiao, Wang Haichao. Optimal Sensor Placement Based on Multi-object
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