Naval QB Jan 2010 Apr 2016

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QUESTION BANK - NAVAL
NAVAL ARCHITECTURE
Instructions:
1. Answer SIX questions only, not more than THREE from each
section
2. All Questions carry equal marks
3. Neatness in handwriting and clarity in expression carries
weightage
4. Illustration of an Answer with clear sketches /diagram carries
weightage
5. All unused pages of the answer script must be cancelled out by
two lines (X) across the page
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Table of Contents
APRIL 2016 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3
MARCH 2016 ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
FEBRUARY 2016 ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
JANUARY 2016 .......................................................................................................................................................... 5
DECEMBER 2015 ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
NOVEMBER 2015 ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
OCTOBER 2015 ......................................................................................................................................................... 6
SEPTEMBER 2015 ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
AUGUST 2015 ........................................................................................................................................................... 8
JULY 2015 ............................................................................................................................................................... 9
JUNE 2015 ............................................................................................................................................................... 9
APRIL 2015 ........................................................................................................................................................... 10
MARCH 2015 .......................................................................................................................................................... 10
FEBRUARY 2015 ..................................................................................................................................................... 11
JANUARY 2015 ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
DECEMBER 2014 ..................................................................................................................................................... 13
NOVEMBER 2014 .................................................................................................................................................... 13
OCTOBER 2014 ....................................................................................................................................................... 14
SEPTEMBER 2014 ................................................................................................................................................... 15
AUGUST 2014 ......................................................................................................................................................... 16
JULY 2014 ............................................................................................................................................................. 16
JUNE 2014 ............................................................................................................................................................. 17
APRIL 2014 ........................................................................................................................................................... 17
MARCH 2014 .......................................................................................................................................................... 18
FEBRUARY 2014 ..................................................................................................................................................... 19
JANUARY 2014 ........................................................................................................................................................ 19
DECEMBER 2013 ..................................................................................................................................................... 20
NOVEMBER 2013 .................................................................................................................................................... 21
OCTOBER 2013 ....................................................................................................................................................... 21
SEPTEMBER 2013 ................................................................................................................................................... 22
AUGUST 2013 ......................................................................................................................................................... 23
JULY 2013 ............................................................................................................................................................. 23
JUNE 2013 ............................................................................................................................................................. 24
APRIL 2013 ........................................................................................................................................................... 25
MARCH 2013 .......................................................................................................................................................... 25
FEBRUARY 2013 ..................................................................................................................................................... 26
DECEMBER 2012 ..................................................................................................................................................... 26
NOVEMBER 2012 .................................................................................................................................................... 27
OCTOBER 2012 ....................................................................................................................................................... 28
AUGUST 2012 ......................................................................................................................................................... 28
JULY 2012 ............................................................................................................................................................. 29
JUNE 2012 ............................................................................................................................................................. 30
APRIL 2012 ........................................................................................................................................................... 30
MARCH 2012 .......................................................................................................................................................... 31
FEBRUARY 2012 ..................................................................................................................................................... 32
JANUARY 2012 ........................................................................................................................................................ 32
DECEMBER 2011 ..................................................................................................................................................... 33
NOVEMBER 2011 .................................................................................................................................................... 34
OCTOBER 2011 ....................................................................................................................................................... 34
SEPTEMBER 2011 ................................................................................................................................................... 35
AUGUST 2011 ......................................................................................................................................................... 36
JULY 2011 ............................................................................................................................................................. 36
JUNE 2011 ............................................................................................................................................................. 37
APRIL 2011 ........................................................................................................................................................... 38
MARCH 2011 .......................................................................................................................................................... 38
FEBRUARY 2011 ..................................................................................................................................................... 39
JANUARY 2011 ........................................................................................................................................................ 40
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NOVEMBER 2010 .................................................................................................................................................... 40
SEPTEMBER 2010 ................................................................................................................................................... 42
AUGUST 2010 ......................................................................................................................................................... 42
JULY 2010 ............................................................................................................................................................. 43
JUNE 2010 ............................................................................................................................................................. 43
APRIL 2010 ........................................................................................................................................................... 44
MARCH 2010 .......................................................................................................................................................... 45
FEBRUARY 2010 ..................................................................................................................................................... 45
JANUARY 2010 ........................................................................................................................................................ 46
APRIL 2016
Q1. A. Describe the preparation necessary before the application (in day dock) of sophisticated or approved long life coating to the underwater
surface of the hull; B. State the significance of the roughness profile.
C. List the different sophisticated costing which are available.
Q2. The plane of the rudder of a vessel requires extensive welding repairs and as a Second Engineer you are requested to supervise A.
Suggest a suitable type of welding process; B. State with reasons FOUR common welding defects that can occur there; C. State what tests may
be carried out before returning the rudder to service.
Q3: With reference to fatigue of engineering components explain the influence of stress level and cyclical frequency on expected operating life;
B. Explain the influence of material defects on the safe operating life of an engineering component; C. State the factors which influence the
possibility of fatigue cracking of a bedplate transverse girder and explain how the risk of such cracking
Q4: With regard to the carriage of crude oil and its associated products: i. Sketch and describe the operation of an explosimeter suitable for
testing pump rooms or tanks; ii. State why false readings are likely to be given by the explosimeter. iii. State the publication that gives guidance
on safety.
Q5 SAME AS Q3
SECTION II
Q6. A. Describe how water tightness is maintained where bulkheads are pierced by longitudinal beams or pipes.
B. A triangular bulkhead is 7 m wide at the top and has a vertical depth of 8 m. Calculate the load on the bulkhead and the position of centre of
pressure if the bulkhead if flooded with sea water on only side - (i) to the top edge; (ii) with 4 m head to the top edge.
Q7: An oil tanker 160m long and 22m beam floats at a draught of 9m in seawater. Cw is 0.865. The midships section is in the form of a rectangle
with 1.2m radius at the bilges. A midship tank 10.5m long has twin longitudinal bulkheads and contains oil of 1.4m3/t to a depth of 11.5m. The
tank is holed to the sea for the whole of its transverse section. Find the new draught.
Q8: What is meant by the Admiralty Coefficient and the Fuel Coefficient?
B. A slip of 14900 tonne displacement has a shaft power of 4460 Kw at 14.55 knots. The shaft power is reduced to 4120 Kw and the fuel
consumption at the same displacement is 541 kg/h.
Calculate the fuel coefficient for the ship.
Q9. The ordinates of a water plane at 15m intervals, commencing from aft, ar. 1, 7, 10.5, 11, 11, 10.5, 8, 4 and 0m. Calculate: i. TPC; ii.
Distance of the centre of flotation from midships. Iii. Second moment of area of the water plane about a transverse axis through the centre of
flotation.
Q10: The following data are available from the hydrostatic curves of a vessel.
Draught(m)
KB(m)
KM(m)
I(m)
4.9
2.49
10.73
65.250
5.2
2.61
10.79
68.860
Calculate the TPC at a draught of 5.50m.
MARCH 2016
Q1. With reference to membrane tanks for the carriage of liquefied gas at very low temperatures.
A. Describe with a sketch one method of building up the insulation; B. State which alloy is used for the membrane and the reason; C.
Explain why a secondary barrier is installed. i) Longitudinally; ii) Transversely
Q2. With reference to dry docking define the responsibility of the 2nd engineer prior to dry dock; Whilst the vessel is in DRYDOCK;
Prior to flooding and leaving the dock.
Q3. A. Sketch the cross-section of a bulk carrier with either deep or shallow double bottom showing the type of framing used; B.
Describe the corrosion problems experienced with ballast tanks; C.State how such tanks are protected against extensive corrosion.
Q4. A. Describe the preparation necessary before the application (in day dock) of sophisticated or approved long life coating to the
underwater surface of the hull; B. State the significance of the roughness profile.
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Q5. A. With regard to ship construction details for transverse watertight bulkheads: - i. State the purpose of this type of bulkhead; ii.
State how the bulkheads are tested for water tightness
B. If it is necessary to penetrate the bulkhead, precaution must be taken to ensure that the watertight integrity and the strength of
the bulkhead are maintained. With this in mind, describe, using simple sketches, how the following pass through bulkheads - i. Main
transmission shaft; ii. Electrical cables; iii. Fuel oil transfer pipes; iv. Air and sounding pipes.
SECTION II
B. A triangular bulkhead is 7 m wide at the top and has a vertical depth of 8 m. Calculate the load on the bulkhead and the position
of centre of pressure if the bulkhead if flooded with sea water on only side - (i) to the top edge; (ii) with 4 m head to the top edge.
Q7: An oil tanker 160m long and 22m beam floats at a draught of 9m in seawater. Cw is 0.865. The midships section is in the form
of a rectangle with 1.2m radius at the bilges. A midship tank 10.5m long has twin longitudinal bulkheads and contains oil of 1.4m3/t
to a depth of 11.5m. The tank is holed to the sea for the whole of its transverse section. Find the new draught.
B. A slip of 14900 tonne displacement has a shaft power of 4460 Kw at 14.55 knots. The shaft power is reduced to 4120 Kw and
the fuel consumption at the same displacement is 541 kg/h.
Calculate the fuel coefficient for the ship.
Q9. The ordinates of a water plane at 15m intervals, commencing from aft, ar. 1, 7, 10.5, 11, 11, 10.5, 8, 4 and 0m. Calculate:
i. TPC; ii. Distance of the centre of flotation from midships. Iii. Second moment of area of the water plane about a transverse axis
through the centre of flotation.
Draught
KB
KM
I
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
4.9
2.49
10.73
65.250
5.2
2.61
10.79
68.860
FEBRUARY 2016
Q1. A. Describe a method of the attachment of bilge keels; B. State THREE reasons for not extending bilge keels the entire length
of the vessel; C. Evaluate the effectiveness of bilge keels for large wall sided vessels; D. Explain TWO principles of roll damping those
bilge keels exploit
Q2. With reference to dry docking define the responsibility of the 2nd engineer prior to dry dock; Whilst the vessel is in DRYDOCK;
Q3. With reference to international load line statutory certification, State the reasons for the freeboard requirements - (I) Explain
the term conditions of assignments; (ii) List the items that may be examined during a related survey
Q4. State how and why the following machinery items are effected when the maximum service speed of a Vessel is consistently
maintained in heavy weather. A. Intermediate shafting, Propeller shafting, C. Shafting coupling bolts, D. Main thrust pads.
Q5. A. Describe the arrangement made in a main structural bulkhead for a watertight door aperture; B. Explain a procedure for
ensuring that sliding watertight doors are operated safely. Differentiate between the categories of watertight door and state the
regulation pertaining each type.
Q6. A. Explain how wave profile affects the shear force and bending moment curves.
B. A ship 125m long displaces 12000 tonne. When a mass of 100 tonnes is moved 75m from forward to aft there is a change in
trim of 65 cm by the stem. Calculate - MCTI cm; The longitudinal metacentric height; The distance moved by the centre of gravity of
the ship.
Q7. A. what is the effect on fuel consumption per unit time, if the ships speed is outside its operation range?
B. The frictional resistance of a ship in fresh water at 3m/s is 11N/m2. The ship has a wetted surface area of 2500m2 and the
frictional resistance is 72% of the total resistance and varies as speed 1.92. If the effective power is 1100Kw, calculate the speed
of the ship.
Q8. A. List the variables which affect the force on a rudder.
B. A propeller of 4m pitch has an efficiency of 67%. When turning at 125 rev/min the real slip is 36% and the delivered power
2800Kw.Calculate the thrust of the propeller.
Q9. A. Explain what is meant by torsional stress
B. The ordinates of a water plane at 15m intervals, commencing from aft, ar. 1, 7, 10.5, 11, 11, 10.5, 8, 4 and 0m. Calculate: i.
TPC; ii. Distance of the centre of flotation from midships. Iii. Second moment of area of the water plane about a transverse axis
Q10. A. List the main factors which affect the rolling period of a vessel; B. A box-shaped vessel is 20 m long and 10 m wide. The
weight of the vessel is uniformly distributed throughout the length and the draught is 2.5 m. The vessel contains ten evenly spaced
double bottom tanks, each having a depth of 1m. Draw the shear force diagrams: With No.1 and No.10 tanks filled; With No.3 and
No.8 tanks filled; With No.5 and No.6 tanks filled. Which ballast condition is to be preferred from the point of view of strength?
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JANUARY 2016
Q1.A. Sketch a transverse section through the hold space of a container ship hull; B. Referring to the sketch in A. describe how
adequate structural strength is built into the hull.
Q2. A. Describe the relationship between frictional resistance and:
(i) Ship speed; (ii) the wetted area; (iii) surface roughness; (iv) The length of the vessel.
Q3. With reference to dry docking define the responsibility of the 2nd engineer prior to dry dock; Prior to docking; whilst the vessel
is in DRYDOCK; Prior to flooding and leaving the dock
Q4. Explain how the period of roll varies with - A. The amplitude of roll; B. The radius of gyration; C. The initial metacentric height; D.
The location of masses in the ship
Q5. A. Explain in detail, how an underwater survey is carried out; B. State the requirements to be fulfilled before an underwater
survey is acceptable to the survey authority; C. Construct a list of the items in order of importance that the underwater survey
authority should include.
Q6. A. Describe how the force on the ships bottom and the GM vary when grounding takes place.
B.A ship of 8,000 tonnes displacement takes the ground on a sand bank on a falling tide at an even keel draft of 5.2 metres. KG 4.0
metres. The predicted depth of water over the sand bank at the following low water is 3.2 metres. Calculate the GM at this time
assuming that the KM will then be 5.0 metres and that mean TPC is 15 tonne.
Q7. A. List the precautions necessary before an inclining experiment is carried out.
B.A box shaped vessel, 50 metres long X 10 metres wide, floats in salt water on an even keel at a draft of 4 metres. A centre line
longitudinal watertight bulkhead extends from end to end and for the full depth of the vessel. A compartment amidships on the
starboard side is 15 metres long and contains cargo with permeability 30%. Calculate the list if this compartment is bilged. KG =
3m
Q8. A. Define longitudinal centre of gravity (LCG) and longitudinal centre of buoyancy (LCB).
B.A ship 120m long floats at draughts of 5.50m forward and 5.80 forward and 5.80m aft; MCTI cm 80 tonne m, TPC 13, LCF 2.5m
forward of midships. Calculate the new draughts which a mass of 110 tonne is added 24m aft of midships.
Q9. A. Explain the use of KN curves.
B. A ship of 12000 tonne displacement has a rudder 15m2 in area, whose centre is 5m below the waterline. The metacentric height
of the ship is 0.3m and the centre of buoyancy is 3.3m below the waterline. When travelling at 20 knots the rudder is turned through
30. Find the initial angle of heel if the force Fn perpendicular to the plane of the rudder is given by: Fa=577 Av2 sin N, Allow 20%
for the race effect.
(i)Ship speed; (ii) the wetted area; (iii) surface roughness; (iv) The length of the vessel.
B.A ship travels at 15 knots and has a QPC of 0.865 with a delivered power of 2600 KW. The apparent slip is 5% and the real ship
is 28%Calculate the total resistance and the wake friction.
DECEMBER 2015
Q1.A. Discuss the need for adequate support of engine room gantry cranes, detailing the following
i) Sketch section through the engine room casing showing how the crane is supported by the ship structure; ii) State what restricts
the forward and aft limits of the crane and what is fitted to prevent the crane damaging the forward and aft bulkheads or casing.
B. State the Second Engineers responsibilities for the engine room gantry crane and state the instructions he should give to junior
engineers to ensure safe working practices are adopted for its use.
Q2. A. Explain what is meant by permissible length of compartments in passenger ships; B. Describe how the position of bulkheads
is determined. C. Describe briefly the significance of the factor of subdivision.
Q5. If a ship is seriously damaged under water in way of a large fuel side bunker tank what is the immediate effect and what may
ultimately happen? what features in the ship would enhance safety?
Q6. A box barge 45 m long and 15 m wide floats at a level keel draught of 2 m in sea water, the load being uniformly distributed
over the full length. Two masses, each of 30 tonne, are loaded at 10 m from each end and 50 tonne is evenly distributed between
them. Sketch the shear force diagram and give the maximum shear force.
Q7. A ship of 2890 tonne displacement and speed of 14 knots has a machinery mass of 410 tonne. The mass of ships machinery
is given by the formula: m=$/& V3 tonne;(i) Calculate the mass of the machinery of a similar ship of 3000 tonne displacement at
the corresponding speed; (ii) if the 2890 tonne ship required 2920 Kw shaft power, calculate the shaft power required by the 3000
tonne ship.
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Q8. A Ship of 3,000 tonnes displacement is 100m long has KM=6m, KG=5.5m. The centre of floatation is 2m.aft of amidships.
MCTC=40 tonnes-m. Find the maximum trim for the ship to enter a dry dock if the metacentric height at the critical instant before
the ship takes the blocks forwarded and aft is to be not less than 0.3m.
Q9 . A ship 150 metres long arrives at the mouth of a river with drafts 5.5m. F and 6.3m A MCT 1 cm. 200 tonnes-m.TPC 15 tonnes.
Centre of flotation is 1.5m. aft of amidships. The ship has then to proceed up the river where the maximum draft permissible is 6.2m.
It is decided that SW ballast will be run into the forepeak tank to reduce the draft aft to 6.2m. If the canter of gravity of the forepeak
tank is 60 metres forward of the center of flotation, find the minimum amount of water which must be run in and also find the final
draft forward.
Q10. A ship 75m long has semi ordinates at the load water plane commencing from forward as follows: 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 2
and 0 metres respectively.
The spacing between the first three semi-ordinates and the last three semi-ordinates. Find the position of the Centre of Floatation
relative to amidships.
NOVEMBER 2015
Q1. With respect to trim and stability, describe the following - A. Effects on centre of gravity of slack tanks; B. Effect on stability of
ice formation on superstructure; C. Effects of wind and waves on ships stability; D. Effect of water absorption by deck cargo and
retention of water on deck.
Q2. A. Explain in detail, how an underwater survey is carried out; B. State the requirements to be fulfilled before an underwater
survey is acceptable to the survey authority; C. Construct a list of the items in order of importance that the underwater survey
authority should include.
Q3. A. Describe briefly the significance of the factor of sub-division
B. A box shaped vessel 65m X 12m X 8m has KG 4m and is floating in self water upright on an even keel at 4m draft F and A.
Calculate the moments of statically stability at i. 5 degrees and ii. 25 degrees heel.
Q4. A. Explain why the GM must remain positive until the critical instant at which the ship takes the blocks overall.
B. A Ship of 5000 tonnes displacement enters a dry dock trimmed 0.45m by the stern. KM=7.5m., KG=6.0m. MCTC=120 tonnesm. The centre of flotation is 60m. Frome aft. Find the effective metacentric height at the critical instant before the ship takes the
blocks overall, assuming that the transverse metacentre rises 0.075m.
SECTION II
Q6. A. With reference to dynamical stability, describe the effect of an increase in wind pressure when a vessel is at its maximum angle
of roll to windward
B. A ship of 15000 tonne displacement has righting levers of 0, 0.38, 1.0, 1.41 and 1.2 m at angles of hell of 0, 15, 30, 45
and 60 respectively and an assumed KG of 7.0 m. The vessel is loaded to this displacement but the KG is found to be 6.80m and
GM 1.5m - (i) Draw the amended stability curve; (ii) Estimate the dynamic stability at 60
Q7. A. Sketch a transverse section through the hold space of a container ship hull; B. Referring to the sketch in A. describe how
Q8. A. Define the purpose of cofferdams
B. State where cofferdams are most likely to be found on:
I. Dry cargo ships
II. Oil tankers
C. I. State what information is available about danger of entering void spaces.
II. identify, with reasons, the precaution to be observed before and during entry to cofferdams.
Q9. Describe the arrangement of tank top and double bottom in the machinery space making particular reference to the structure
and scantlings below the main engine. Show the method adopted in the arrangement of DB tanks to avoid contamination of fresh
water, fuel oil and lube oil stored in DB tanks.
Q10. A. Explain the effects on stability when a tank is partially filled with liquid.
B. A ship of 11200 tonne displacement has a double bottom tank containing oil. Whose centre of gravity is 16.5m forward and 6.6m
below the centre of gravity of the ship? When the oil is used the ships centre of gravity moves 380mm calculate - (i) The mass of
oil used; (ii) The angle which the centre of gravity moves relative to the horizontal.
OCTOBER 2015
SECTION I
Q1. (a) State the reasons for the freeboard requirement,
(b) Expalin the term condition of assignment and explain how these are maintained for a ship.
(c) Using a diagram indicate the freeboard of type A, type B, type B60 and type B100 vessels giving an example of each type.
Q2. Describe the double bottom and framing arrangement used in the machinery space to cope up with the concentrated loads and
vibration, together with shaft and thrust block support. Give reasons for the choice of thrust block position.
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Q3. With reference to fatigue of engineering components explain the influence of stress level and cyclical frequency on expected
operating life; B. Explain the influence of material defects on the safe operating life of an engineering component; C. State the factors
which influence the possibility of fatigue cracking of a bedplate transverse girder and explain how the risk of such cracking can be
minimized.
Q4. With reference to periodically unattended machinery space of a dry cargo vessel discusses the requirements for; Protection
against flooding; Control of propulsion machinery from the navigating bridge.
Q5. (a) Where on the hull plating would the following tests be carried out on the ship's hulls during drydock.
(i) Hammer;
(ii) Hose;
(a) Briefly identify which part of the external plating of ship's bull requires the closest attention.
SECTION-2
Q6. (a) Explain what is meant by floddable length.
(a)
(i) Construct a graph from the following information:
Mean draft (m) 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
TPC (tonnes) 8.0 8.5 9.2 10.0
(ii) From this graph find the TPC's at draft of 3.2m; and 4.3m
(iii) If the ship is floating at a mean draft of 4m, and then loads 50 tonnes of cargo, 10 tonnes of fresh water, and 25 tonnes of
bunkers, whilst 45 tonnes of ballast are discharged, find the final mean draft.
Q7. (a) Describe how bulkheads are tested.
(b) A double bottom tank containing seawater is 6m long, 12m wide and 1m deep. The inlet pipe from the pump has its centre 75mm
above the outer bottom. The pump has a pressure of 70KN/m2 and is left running indefinitely. calculate the load on the tank top:
(i) If there is no outlet.
(ii) If the overflow pipe extends 5m above the tank top.
Q8. (a) Define coefficient of fineness of waterplane area, block coefficient and midship coefficient.
(b) A box shaped vessel has length 100m and breadth 12m and floats at a range of drafts from 1m to 10m. Produce curves of KB1,
BM and KM.
Q9. (a) Explain the concept of dynamical stability.
(b) A ship of 5000 tonne displacement has three rectangular double bottom tanks; A12m long and 16m wide; b 14m long and 15m
wide; C 14m long and 16m wide.
calculate the free surface effect for any one tank and state in ehich order the tanks should be filled when making use of them for
stability correction.
Q10. A ship 120m long displaces 12000 tonne.The following data are availabe from trial results:
V (knots) 10 11 12 13 14 15
sp (kw) 880 1155 1520 2010 2670 3600
(a) Draw the curve of admiralty coefficients on a base of speed
(b) Estimate the shaft power required for a similar ship 140m long at 14 knots.
SEPTEMBER 2015
SECTION I
Q1. Define the term Freeboard". sketch and describe the free board markings. What factors govern the position of these markings?
Describe the corrosion problems experienced with ballast tanks; C.. State how such tanks are protected against extensive corrosion
regulation pertaining the each type.
Q4. (a) Sketch a section through a funnel's uptake showing how allowances for expansion and contraction are made and the method
of funnel support.\
(b) Describe the arrangement sketched in (a) making reference to its fittings.
Q5. With reference to the ships anchor cable arrangement using simple sketches, illustrate how each of the following are attach to
the ship.
(a) Cable stopper;
(b) Anchor windless;
(c) Chain locker end of cable elenchus.
SECTION II
Q6. (a) Describe the movement of a ship with negative metacentric height.
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(b) A ship of 8000 tonne displacement has its centre of gravity 4.5m above the keel and transverse metacenter 5m above the keel
when a rectangular tank 7.5m long and 15m wide contains seawater. A mass of 10 tonne is moved 12m across the deck. Calculate
the angle of heel:(10)
(i) If there is no free surface of water.
(ii) if the water does not completely fill the tank.
Q7. (A) Explain how to distinguish between list and loll and describe how to return the ship to the upright in each case.
(B) A ship 90 long displaces 5200 tonne and floats at draughts of 4.95m forward a nd 5.35 m aft when in sea water of 1023 kg/m3.
The waterplane area is 1100m2, GML 95m, LCB 0.6m forward of midships and LCF 2.2m aft of midships. Calculate the new draughts
when the vessel moves into fresh water of 1002 kg/m3
Q8. (a) Explain what is meant by left and right handed propellers, and also expalin the rotation of propellers in a twin screw ship.
(b) A propeller 6m diameter has a pitch ratio of 0.9, BAR 0.48 and, when turning at 110 rev/min, has a real slip of 25% and wake
faction 10.30. If the propeller delivers a thrust of 300 KN and the propeller efficiency is 0.65. Calculate - i Blade area; ii Ship speed;
iii. Thrust power; iv Shaft power v. Torque
Q9. (a) List the components of residuary resistance.
(b) A ship model 6m long has a total resistance of 40N when towed at 3.6 knots in fresh water. the ship itself is 180m long and
displaces 20400 tonne. the wetted surface area may be calculated from the formula
S= 2.57
Calculate ePn for the ship at its corresponding speed in sea water. f (model)fw =0.492; f (ship)sw =0.421; n=1.825.
Q10. (a) Describe the effects on centre of gravity of slack tanks.
(b) A box-shaped vessel 100 meter long x 20 meters wide X 12 meters deep is floating in salt water on an even keel at 6 meters
draft. A forward compartment is 10 meters long, 12 meters wide and extends from the outer bottom to a watertight flat, 4 meters
long, 12 meters wide and extends from the outer bottom to a watertight flat, 4 meters above the keel. the compartment contains
cargo of permeability 25%. find the new draft if this compartment is bilged.
AUGUST 2015
SECTION I
Q2: With reference to dry docking define the responsibility of the 2nd engineer prior to dry dock; Whilst the vessel is in DRYDOCK;
Q4. Explain how the period of roll varies with - A. The amplitude of roll; B. The radius of gyration; C. The initial metacentric height;
D. The location of masses in the ship
SECTION II
Q6. A. Describe how the distribution of mass within the ship affects the rolling period
B. A ship of 14000 tonne displacement is 125 m long and floats at draughts of 7.9 m forward and 8.5 m aft. The TPC is 19, GML
120 m and LCF 3 m forward of midships. It is required to bring the vessel to an even keel draught of 8.5m. Calculate the mass which
should be added and the distance of the distance of the centre of the mass from midships.
Q7. A. Explain how increase of draught and of displacement influence rolling.
B. A pontoon has a constant cross-section as shown in Fig. Given below The metacentre height is 2.5m. Find the height of the centre
of gravity above the keel.
Q8. A. Describe the fundamental principle of a propeller.
B.A propeller 6m diameter has a pitch ratio of 0.9, BAR 0.48 and, when turning at 110 rev/min, has a real slip of 25% and wake
faction 10.30. If the propeller delivers a thrust of 300 KN and the propeller efficiency is 0.65. Calculate - i Blade area; ii Ship speed;
Q9. A. Explain what is meant by: i. Wave making resistance; ii. Frictional resistance; iii. Eddy-making resistance
B. When a ship is 800 nautical miles from port its speed is reduced by 20%, thereby reducing the daily fuel consumption by 42
tonne and arriving in port with 50 tonne on board. If the fuel consumption in t/h is given by the expression (0.136+0.001 V3) where
V is the speed in knots, estimate:
(i) The reduced consumption per day; (ii) The amount of fuel on board when the speed was reduced;
(iii) The percentage decrease in consumption for the latter part of the voyage;
(iv) The percentage increases in time for this latter period.
Q10. A. Explain how to distinguish between list and loll and describe how to return the ship to the upright in each case.
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9
B. A ship of 5000 tonne displacement has a double bottom tank 12m long. The breadths of the top of the tank are 5, 4 and 2m
respectively. The tank has a watertight centreline division. Calculate the free surface effect if the tank is partially full of fresh water
on one side only.
JULY 2015
Q1: Define five of the following, stating how they affect the ship structure and what component parts of the ship structure help to
resist the effect of - A. Raking; B. Water pressure effect; C. Panting; D. Pounding; (e)Local weights;(f) Vibration from engine and
propellers.
Q2. A. Describe the general precautions to be taken against capsizing; B. State the recommended criteria for passenger and cargo
ships.
Q3. Describe the effect on GM of rolling and how bilge keels, anti-rolling tanks and stabilizer fins reduce the amplitude of rolling.
Q5. With reference to the prevention of hull corrosion discusses: A. Surface preparation and painting of new ship plates. B. Design
of the ships structure and its maintenance. C. Catholic protection by sacrificial anodes, of the internal and external areas of the ship.
Q6. A. Why is it important in a tender ship to keep the double bottom tanks pressed up?
B. A ship of 6000 tonne displacement has a wetted surface area of 2500 m2 and a speed of 15 knots. Calculate the corresponding
speed and wetted surface area of as similar ship of 2000 tonne displacement. (i) If the ship resistance is of the form R=0.45 S V1.83
N; find the resistance of the 6000 tonne Ship.
Q7. A box-shaped vessel is 20 m long and 10 m wide. The weight of the vessel is uniformly distributed throughout the length and
the draught is 2.5 m. The vessel contains ten evenly spaced double bottom tanks, each having a depth of 1m.
Draw the shear force diagrams:
With No.1 and No.10 tanks filled; With No.3 and No.8 tanks filled; With No.5 and No.6 tanks filled.
Which ballast condition is to be preferred from the point of view of strength?
Q8.A. what is the effect on fuel consumption per unit time, if the ships speed is outside its operation range?
of the ship.
Q9. A. Describe the procedure for speed, Power and fuel consumption trials.
Q10. A. Explain the considerations which govern the size and shape of a rudder.
JUNE 2015
Q1. A. Discuss the need for adequate support of engine room gantry cranes, detailing the following
Q5. If a ship is seriously damaged under water in way of a large fuel oil side bunker tank what is the immediate effect and what may
ultimately happen? What features in the ship would enhance safety?
Q7. A ship of 2890 tonne displacement and speed of 14 knots has a machinery mass of 410 tonne. The mass of ships machinery
is given by the formula: m=$/& V3 tonne;(i) Calculate the mass of the machinery of a similar ship of 3000 tonne displacement at
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the corresponding speed; (ii) if the 2890 tonne ship required 2920 Kw shaft power, calculate the shaft power required by the 3000
tonne ship.
Q9. A ship 150 metres long arrives at the mouth of a river with drafts 5.5m. F and 6.3m A MCT 1 cm. 200 tonnes-m. TPC 15 tonnes.
It is decided that SW ballast will be run into the forepeak tank to reduce the draft aft to 6.2m. If the center of gravity of the forepeak
draft forward.
Q10. A ship 75m long has semi ordinates at the load water plane commencing from forward as follows: 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3,
2 and 0 metres respectively.
The spacing between the first three semi-ordinates and the last three semi-ordinates. Find the position of the Centre of Floatation
relative to amidships.
APRIL 2015
SECTION I
Q1. A. Describe a method of the attachment of bilge keels; B. State THREE reasons for not extending bilge keels the entire length of
the vessel; C. Evaluate the effectiveness of bilge keels for large wall sided vessels; D. Explain TWO principles of roll damping those
bilge keels exploit.
the tern conditions of assignments; (ii) List the items that may be examined during a related survey
maintained in heavy weather. A. Intermediate shafting, Propeller shafting, C. Shafting coupling bolts, D. Main thrust pads
SECTION II
Q6. A. Explain the term angle of loll and state what, if any dangers it poses to a vessel.
B. A ship whose length is 110 m has MCTI cm 55 tonne m: TCP9; LCF 1.5 m forward of midships and floats at draughts of 4.20m
forward and 4.45m aft.
Calculate the new draughts after the following masses have been added
20 tonne 40 m aft of midships
70 tonne 06 m forward of midships
Q7. A. Explain what is meant by assigned summer free board.
B.A ship 120m long has draughts of 6.6m forward and 6.9 aft. The TPC is 20, MCTI cm 101 tonne m and the centre of flotation 3.5m
aft of midships. Calculate the maximum position aft at which 240 tonne may be added so that the after draught does not exceed
7.2m
Q8. A. Explain the purpose of the rudder carrier and pintles.
B. The speed of a ship is increased to 18% above normal for 7.5 hours, and then reduced to 9% below normal for 10 hours. The
speed is then reduced for the remainder of the day so that the consumption for the day is the normal amount. Find the percentage
difference between the distance travelled in that day and the normal distance travelled per day.
Q9. A. Describe the effect of cavitations on i. The thrust and Torque and ii. The propeller blades.
B. A propeller 4.6m diameter has a pitch of 4.3m and boss diameter of 0.75. The real slip is 28% at 95 rev/min. Calculate the speed
of advance, thrust and thrust power.
Q10. A. Describe the stability requirements of a ship for dry-docking.
B. A ship 130m long displaces 14000 tonne when floating at draughts of 7.5m forward and 8.10m aft. GML 125m, TPC 18, of
midships. Calculate the final draughts when a mass of 180 tonne lying 40m aft of midships is removed from the ship.
MARCH 2015
SECTION I
Q1. Explain what is meant by "Dynamical Stability" With a curve of a statical stability explain how the area under the GZ curve
represents dynamical stability.
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Q2. A. Explain how the flow of water around the propeller can result in inducing vibration. B. What are the possible options to reduce
effects?
Prior to flooding and leaving the dock
SECTION II
Q7. A. Distinguish between ships of Type A and Type B for the purpose of computation of free board
B. The draughts of a ship 170m long are 6.8.5 m forward and 7.50m aft MCTI cm 300 tonn m; TPC 28; LCF 3.5m forward of midships.
Calculate the new draughts after the following changes in loading have taken place.
160 tonne added 63 m aft of midships
200 tonne added 27m forward of midships
120 tonne removed 75 m aft of midships
Q8. A. Explain the reasons for fitting bulbous bow.
Q9. A. Explain what is meant by singing of propeller.
B. A propeller 6m diameter has a pitch ratio of 0.9, BAR 0.48 and, when turning at 110 rev/min, has a real slip of 25% and wake
faction 10.30. If the propeller delivers a thrust of 300 KN and the propeller efficiency is 0.65 calculate - i Blade area; ii Ship speed;
Q10. A. Describe measures which may be taken to improve the stability or trim of a damaged ship.
B. A ship 85m long displaces 8100 tonne when floating in seawater at draughts of 5.25m forward and 5.55m aft. TPC 9.0, GML 96m,
LCF 2m aft of midships. It is decided to introduce water ballast to completely submerge the propeller and a draught aft of 5.85m is
required. A ballast tank 33m aft of midships is available. Find the least amount of water required and the final draught forward.
FEBRUARY 2015
SECTION I
the vessel; C. Evaluate the effectiveness of bilge keels for large wall sided vessels; D. Explain TWO principles of roll damping those
bilge keels exploit.
the tern conditions of assignments; (ii) List the items that may be examined during a related survey
maintained in heavy weather. A. Intermediate shafting, Propeller shafting, C. Shafting coupling bolts, D. Main thrust pads.
SECTION II
B. The righting moments of a ship at angles of heel of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 are 0, 1690, 5430, 9360 and 9140 k/Nm
respectively. Calculate the dynamical stability at 60.
B. A ship 120m long has a light displacement of 4000 tonne and LCG in this condition 2.5m aft of midships. The following items are
then added:
Cargo 10000 tonne
LCG 3.0 m
forward of midships
Fuel
1500 tonne
LCG 2.0 m
forward of midships
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Water 400 tonne

LCG 8.0 m
forward of midships
Stores 100 tonne
LCG 10.0m
forward of midships
Using the following hydrostatic data, calculate the fine draughts:
Draught
Displacement (t)
MCTI cm
LCB from midships (m)
LCF from midships (m)
8.50
16650
183
1.94 F
1.20A
8.00
15350
175
2.10 F
0.60F
Q8. A. Explain how the distribution of masses affects rolling and pitching
B.A ship turns is a circle of radius 100 metres at a speed of 15 knots. The GM is 2/3 metres and BG is 1 metre. If g = 981 cm/sec2
and 1 knot is equal to 1.8532 Km/hour, find the heel due to turning.
Q9. A. Describe the effect of cavitations on i. The thrust and Torque and ii. The propeller blades.
JANUARY 2015
SECTION 1
Q5. Explain what is meant by "Dynamical Stability" With a curve of a statical stability explain how the area under the GZ curve
represents dynamical stability.
SECTION II
B. The draughts of a ship 170m long are 6.8.5 m forward and 7.50m aft MCTI cm 300 tonn m; TPC 28; LCF 3.5m forward of midships.
B. A propeller 6m diameter has a pitch ratio of 0.9, BAR 0.48 and, when turning at 110 rev/min, has a real slip of 25% and wake
faction 10.30. If the propeller delivers a thrust of 300 KN and the propeller efficiency is 0.65 calculate - i Blade area; ii Ship speed;
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13
DECEMBER 2014
Q1. A. With reference to the underwater surface of a ships hull; describe a hull plate roughness analyser system; I. State the
significance of the roughness profile and compare the typical roughness values for a new ship and a ship eight years old; B. Which
reference to the application of self-polishing paint in dry dock - i. Describe the plate preparation necessary; ii. State the defects that
may occur in the paint coating if it is not correctly applied.
Q3. Describe a forced ventilation system for the machinery spaces and a natural ventilation system for a lower hold. Why hold
ventilation is considered necessary?
Q7. Describe briefly the significance of the factor of sub-division
B. A ship 120m long has a light displacement of 4000 tonne and LCG in this condition 2.5m aft of midships. The following items are
then added:
Cargo 10000 tonne
LCG 3.0 m
forward of midships
Fuel
1500 tonne
LCG 2.0 m
forward of midships
Water 400 tonne
LCG 8.0 m
forward of midships
Stores 100 tonne
LCT 10.0m
forward of midships
Draught
Displacement (t)
MCTI cm
8.50
16650
183
1.94 F
1.20A
8.00
15350
175
2.10 F
0.60F
Q8. A. Explain the effect of trim on tank soundings.
B.A ship of 6600 tonne displacement has KG 3.6m and KM 4.3m. A mass of 50 tonne is now lifted from the quay by one of the ships
derricks whose head is 80m above the keel. The ship heels to a maximum of 9.5 while the mass is being transferred. Calculate the
outreach of the derrick from the ships centreline.
Q9. A. Explain the effect on GM during the filing of a double bottom tank
B. A ship of 8,000 tonnes displacement has KM 7.5m, and KG 7.0m. A double bottom tank is 12 meters long 15 meters wide and
1 meter deep. The tank is divided longitudinally at the centre line and both sides are full or small water. Calculate the list if one side
is pumped on until it is half empty.
Q10. A ship of 9.900 tonnes displacement has KM 7.3m, and KG 6.4m. She has yet to load two 50 tonne lifts her own gear and the
first lift is to be placed on deck on the inshore side (KG = 9m and centre of gravity = 6m, out from centre line). When the derrick
plumbs the quay its head is 15m above the keel and 12m out rom centre line. Calculate the maximum list during the operation.
NOVEMBER 2014
SECTON 1
B. A box shaped vessel, 50 metres long X 10 metres wide, floats in salt water on an even keel at a draft of 4 metres. A centre line
3m
B. A ship 120m long floats at draughts of 5.50m forward and 5.80 forward and 5.80m aft; MCTI cm 80 tonne m, TPC 13, LCF 2.5m
Q3. A. Explain the use of KN curves; B. A ship of 12000 tonne displacement has a rudder 15m2 in area, whose centre is 5m below
the waterline. The metacentric height of the ship is 0.3m and the centre of buoyancy is 3.3m below the waterline. When travelling
at 20 knots the rudder is turned through 30. Find the initial angle of heel if the force Fn perpendicular to the plane of the rudder
is given by: Fa=577 Av2 sin N, Allow 20% for the race effect.
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Q4. A. Describe the relationship between frictional resistance and - (i) Ship speed; (ii) the wetted area; (iii) surface roughness; (iv)
The length of the vessel.
is 28%. Calculate the total resistance and the wake friction.
SECTON 2
Q6. A. Explain the purpose of non-watertight longitudinal subdivision of tanks.
B. A ship 90 long displaces 5200 tonne and floats at draughts of 4.95m forward a nd 5.35 m aft when in sea water of 1023 kg/m3.
Q7.A. Describe how thrust power is determined. B. The following information relates to a model propeller of 400mm pitch.
Rev/Min
400
450
500
550
600
Thrust N
175
260
365
480
610
Torque Nm
16.8
22.4
28.2
34.3
40.5
i. Plot curves of thrust and torque against rev/min; ii. When the speed of advance of the model is 150m/min and slip 0.20, calculate
the efficiency?
Q8. A. Explain why the amplitude of ship motion should be limited
B. A ship of 8100 tonne displacement floats upright in seawater. KG = 7.5m and GM = 0.45m A tank, whose centre of gravity is
0.5m above the keel and 4m from the centreline, contains 100 tonne of water ballast neglecting free face effect, calculate the angle
of heel when the ballast is pumped out.
Q9. A. Explain the effect of bilging a centreline compartment located away from amidships.
B. A Ship of 5000 tonnes displacement enters a dry dock trimmed 0.45m by the stern. KM=7.5m., KG=6.0m. MCTC=120 tonnesm. The centre of flotation is 60m. Frome aft. Find the effective metacentric height at the critical instant before the ship takes the
Q10. A. Describe stability requirement for dry-docking.
B. A ship of 8000 tonne displacement, 110m long, floats in sea water of 1.024t/m3 at draughts of 6m forward and 6.3 m aft. The
TPC is 16, LCB 0.6 m aft of midships, LCF 3m aft of midships and MCT1cm 65 tonne m, The vessel now moves into fresh water of
1.000t/m3.
Calculate the distance a mass of 50 tonne must be moved to bring the vessel to an even keel and determine the final draught.
OCTOBER 2014
significance of the roughness profile and compare the typical roughness values for a new ship and a ship eight years old. B. Which
reference to the application of self-polishing paint in dry dock:
i. Describe the plate preparation necessary; ii. State the defects that may occur in the paint coating if it is not correctly applied.
Q4. With respect to trim and stability, describe the following:
A. Effects on centre of gravity of slack tanks; B. Effect on stability of ice formation on superstructure; C. Effects of wind and waves
on ships stability; D. Effect of water absorption by deck cargo and retention of water on deck.
of centre of pressure if the bulkhead if flooded with sea water on only side:
(i) to the top edge; (ii) with 4 m head to the top edge.
Q7. A. Distinguish between ships of Type A and Type B for the purpose of computation of free board;
B. The draughts of a ship 170m long are 6.8.5 m forward and 7.50m aft MCTIcm 300 tonn m; TPC 28; LCF 3.5m forward of midships
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15

(iii)The percentage decrease in consumption for the latter part of the voyage;
(iv)The percentage increases in time for this latter period.
faction 10.30. If the propeller delivers a thrust of 300 KN and the propeller efficiency is 0.65 Calculate - i Blade area; ii Ship speed;
SEPTEMBER 2014
is determined.; C. Describe briefly the significance of the factor of subdivision.
(i)Ship speed; (ii) the wetted area; (iii) surface roughness; (iv) The length of the vessel. B.A ship travels at 15 knots and has a QPC
of 0.865 with a delivered power of 2600 KW. The apparent slip is 5% and the real ship is 28%Calculate the total resistance and the
wake friction.
faction 10.30. If the propeller delivers a thrust of 300 KN and the propeller efficiency is 0.65 calculate.
i Blade area; ii Ship speed; iii. Thrust power; iv Shaft power v. Torque
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required. A ballast tank 33m aft of midships is available. Find the least amount of water required and the final draught forward
AUGUST 2014
significance of the roughness profile and compare the typical roughness values for a new ship and a ship eight years old.
B. Which reference to the application of self-polishing paint in dry dock - i. Describe the plate preparation necessary; ii. State the
defects that may occur in the paint coating if it is not correctly applied
Q6. A box-shaped pontoon is 36 meters long, 4 meters wide and floats in salt water at drafts F-2.00m, A-4.00m. Find the new drafts
if the pontoon now passes into fresh water.
Q7. A. Explain how to distinguish between list and loll and describe how to return the ship to the upright in each case. B.A ship
120m long has a light displacement of 4000 tonne and LCG in this condition 2.5m aft of midships.
The following items are then added:
Cargo 10000 tonne
LCG 3.0 m
forward of midships
Fuel
1500 tonne
LCG 2.0 m
forward of midships
Water 400 tonne
LCG 8.0 m
forward of midships
Stores 100 tonne
LCT 10.0m
forward of midships
Draught
Displacement (t)
MCTI cm
8.50
16650
183
1.94 F
1.20A
8.00
15350
175
2.10 F
0.60F
Q9. A. Describe the effect of cavitations on the propeller blades.
Q10. A. Describe the stability requirements of a ship for dry-docking. B. A ship 130m long displaces 14000 tonne when floating at
draughts of 7.5m forward and 8.10m aft. GML 125m, TPC 18, of midships. Calculate the final draughts when a mass of 180
tonne lying 40m aft of midships is removed from the ship.
JULY 2014
of the vessel; C. Explain TWO principles of roll damping those bilge keels exploit.
Prior to flooding and leaving the dock .
Q3. With reference to international load line statutory certification;
State the reasons for the freeboard requirements - (i)Explain the tern conditions of assignments; (ii)List the items that may be
examined during a related survey
maintained in heavy weather. A. Intermediate shafting, B. Propeller shafting, C. Shafting coupling bolts, D. Main thrust pads.
16
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17
Q6. A propeller has a pitch ratio of 0.95. When turning at 120 rev/min the real slip is 30%, the wake fraction 0.28 and the ship
speed 16 knots. The thrust is found to be 400 KN, the torque 270 KNm and the QPC 0.67. Calculate: i. The propeller diameter ii.
The shaft power iii The propeller efficiency iv. The thrust deduction factor.
Q7. A. What factors influence the frictional resistance of a ship and what formula is used to calculate the resistance?
30. Find the initial angle of heel if the force Fn perpendicular to the plane of the rudder is given by: Fa=577 Av2 sin N, Allow
20% for the race effect.
Q8. A. Why is it important in a tender ship to keep the double bottom tanks pressed up? B. A ship of 6000 tonne displacement has
a wetted surface area of 2500 m2 and a speed of 15 knots. Calculate the corresponding speed and wetted surface area of as
similar ship of 2000 tonne displacement.
(i) If the ship resistance is of the form R=0.45 S V1.83 N; find the resistance of the 6000 tonne Ship.
Q10. The breadth of the upper edge of a deep tank bulkhead is 12 metres. The vertical heights of the bulkhead at equidistant
intervals across it are 0.3,5,6,5,3 and 0 metres respectively. Find the depth of the centre of pressure below the waterline when the
tank is filled to a head of 2 metres above the top of the tank.
JUNE 2014
Q1: Give a reasoned opinion as to the validity of the following assertions concerning the ship concerning ship structure: A. Crack
propagation in propeller shaft A brackets or spectacles frames is indicative of inadequate scantlings and strength; B. The adequate
provision of deck scuppers and freeing ports is as critical to sea worthiness as water tight integrity.
Q2. The plam of the rudder of a vessel requires extensive welding repairs and as a Second Engineer you are requested to supervise
A. Suggest a suitable type of welding process; B. State with reasons FOUR common welding defects that can occur there; C. State
what tests may be carried out before returning the rudder to service.
Q3. A. With reference to fatigue of hull structures explain the influence of stress level and cyclical frequency on expected operating
life. B. Explain the influence of material defects on the safe operating life of forged components of stern fittings.
Q4. A. With regard to ship construction details for transverse watertight bulkheads:i. State the purpose of this type of bulkhead; ii. State how the bulkheads are tested for water tightness
Q5. The value of maximum righting arm is dependent upon the position of the center of buoyancy and the ------------A. Longitudinal center of gravity; B. Transverse center of gravity; C. Downflooding angle ; D.Vertical location of the center of gravity.
Deduce the relation of the option you have selected with reference to the value of the maximum righting arm
Q6. A propeller has a pitch of 4.57m. At 100rev/min the realslip is 20 percent and wake speed is I knot. Calculate the apparent slip
percentage
Q7. A pontoon has a constant cross-section as shown in Fig. Given below The metacentre height is 2.5m. Find the height of the
centre of gravity above the keel.
Q8. A box barge of 60m long and 10m wide floats at a level keel draught of 3m. Its center of gravity is 2.5m above the keel.
Determine the end draughts if an empty , fore end compartment 9m long is laid open to the sea.
Q9. A ship of 6000 tonne displacement has a wetted surface area of 2500 m2 and a speed of 15 knots. Calculate the corresponding
speed and wetted surface area of as similar ship of 2000 tonne displacement.
(i) If the ship resistance is of the form R=0.45 S V1.83 N; find the resistance of the 6000 tonne Ship.
Q10. A vessel of 12000 tonne displacement has a length along the load water line of 140m. The waterline lengths at 1m intervals
of draught below this are 139, 138, 136.5, 134.5, 132 and 129m respectively. If the center of lateral resistance is at the centroid
of this immersed area , calculate the angle to which he ship will heel due to centrifugal force when the vessel turns in a circle of
400m diameter when travelling t 16 knots with KG 5m and GM 0.4m
APRIL 2014
Q1: A. State, with reasons, the locality and extent of damage which may be sustained by the hull structure of a ship being driven
hard through heavy seas; B. Describe how such damage stated in A. may be repaired.
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Q2: Describe the In water survey to classification society requirements of the external underwater structure of a very large crude
carrier.
Prior to flooding and leaving the dock .
Q4. A rudder of a vessel requires extensive welding repairs and as second engineer you are requested to supervise.
A. Suggest a suitable type of welding process; B. State with reasons four common welding defects; C. State what testes may be
carried out before returning the rudder to service.
Q5: With reference to fatigue of engineering components explain the influence of stress level and cyclical frequency on expected
minimized.
3m
MARCH 2014
Describe the corrosion problems experienced with ballast tanks; C.. State how such tanks are protected against extensive corrosion.
underwater surface of the hull; B. State the significance of the roughness profile; C. List the different sophisticated costing which are
available.
Q6.A. Describe how water tightness is maintained where bulkheads are pierced by longitudinal beams or pipes.
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19
the fuel consumption at the same displacement is 541 kg/h. Calculate the fuel coefficient for the ship.
i. TPC; ii. Distance of the centre of flotation from midships. ii. Second moment of area of the water plane about a transverse axis
Draught
KB
KM
I
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
4.9
2.49
10.73
65.250
5.2
2.61
10.79
68.860
FEBRUARY 2014
significance of the roughness profile and compare the typical roughness values for a new ship and a ship eight years old.
B. Which reference to the application of self-polishing paint in dry dock:
i. Describe the plate preparation necessary; ii. State the defects that may occur in the paint coating if it is not correctly applied.
State the reasons for the freeboard requirements - (i)Explain the tern conditions of assignments; (ii)List the items that may be
maintained in heavy weather. A. Intermediate shafting, B.Propeller shafting, C. Shafting coupling bolts, D. Main thrust pads.
speed 16 knots. The thrust is found to be 400 KN, the torque 270 KNm and the QPC 0.67. Calculate: i. The propeller diameter ii.
The shaft power iii The propeller efficiency iv. The thrust deduction factor.
(i) If the skin resistance is of the form R=0.45 S V1.83 N; find the resistance of the 6000 tonne Ship.
JANUARY 2014
State the reasons for the freeboard requirements - (i) Explain the tern conditions of assignments; (ii)List the items that may be
minimized.
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Q5.A. Describe the relationship between frictional resistance and: (i)Ship speed; (ii) the wetted area; (iii) surface roughness; (iv)
B. A box shaped vessel 65m X 12m X 8m has KG 4m and is floating in self water upright on an even keel at 4m draft F and A.
Calculate the moments of statically stability at A., 5 degrees and B. 25 degrees heel.
B.A ship of 5000 tonnes displacement enters a drydock trimmed 0.45m the stern KM=7.5m, KG=6.0m. MCTC=120 tonnes-m. The
centre of flotation is 60m from aft. Find the effective metacentric height at the critical instant before the ship takes the blocks overall,
assuming that the transverse metacentre rises 0.75m
Q9: A. With reference to dynamical stability, describe the effect of an increase in wind pressure when a vessel is at its maximum
angle of roll to windward
GM 1.5m. (i) Draw the amended stability curve; (ii) Estimate the dynamic stability at 60
Q10: A. Explain the term volumetric heeling moments.
B. A box barge 33m long and 5.5m wide has a light displacement and KG of 216 tonne and 2.75 m respectively. 80 tonne of
machinery are put on board and in order to maintain stability 54 tonne of Ballast are at Kg 0.15m. The final GM is 0.13 m. Calculate
the Kg of the added machinery.
DECEMBER 2013
Explain why a secondary barrier is installed. I) Longitudinally; II) Transversely
Q2. A. Describe the arrangement made in a main structural bulkhead for a watertight door aperture.
Explain a procedure for
Q3. A. Draw a simple line diagram of the bow of a ship to show the position of the following component parts of the ships anchoring
system. Hawse pipe, Cable stopper, Windlass and Cable lifter, Spurling pipe and Chain locker; B. Describe the cable stopper and
state its purpose.; C. Show by means of a sketch how the anchor cable is attached to the ship; D. Describe how the chain locker is
drained of water, sand and mud.
Q4. Discuss the importance of the following to be examined for meeting EEDI limitations:
A. Slimmer vessels with lower block coefficients; B. Long-Stroke engines; C. Low revolution large diameter propellers.
Q5. A. With reference to the underwater surface of a ships hull; I. describe a hull plate roughness analyser system; II. State the
significance of the roughness profile and compare the typical roughness values for a new ship and a ship eight years old; B. Which
parts of the internal structure of a ship are most liable to corrosion and why? How can the effects of corrosion be reduced?
B. A triangular bulkhead is 7 m wide at the top and has a vertical depth of 8 m. Calculate the load on the bulkhead and the position of
centre of pressure if the bulkhead if flooded with sea water on only side - (i) to the top edge; (ii) with 4 m head to the top edge.
B. A ship of 12000 tonne displacement has a rudder 15m2 in area, whose centre is 5m below the waterline. The metacentric height of
the ship is 0.3m and the centre of buoyancy is 3.3m below the waterline. When travelling at 20 knots the rudder is turned through 30.
Find the initial angle of heel if the force Fn perpendicular to the plane of the rudder is given by: Fa=577 Av2 sin N, Allow 20% for the
race effect.
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If the skin resistance is of the form R=0.45 S V1.83 N; find the resistance of the 6000 tonne Ship.
Q10. A box barge 45 m long and 15 m wide floats at a level keel draught of 2 m in sea water, the load being uniformly distributed over
the full length. Two masses, each of 30 tonne, are loaded at 10 m from each end and 50 tonne is evenly distributed between them.
Sketch the shear force diagram and give the maximum shear force.
NOVEMBER 2013
the vessel; C. Explain TWO principles of roll damping those bilge keels exploit.
Q2. With reference to dry docking define the responsibility of the 2nd engineer prior to dry dock; Prior to docking; whilst the vessel is in
DRYDOCK; Prior to flooding and leaving the dock
Q3. With reference to international load line statutory certification; State the reasons for the freeboard requirements;
(i) Explain the tern conditions of assignments; (ii)List the items that may be examined during a related survey
maintained in heavy weather. A. Intermediate shafting, B.Propeller shafting, C.Shafting coupling bolts, D. Main thrust pads.
Q6. A. Describe how the distribution of mass within the ship affects the rolling period; B.The righting moments of a ship at angles of
heel of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 are 0, 1690, 5430, 9360 and 9140 k/Nm respectively. Calculate the dynamical stability at 60.
Q7. Describe briefly the significance of the factor of sub-division
B. A ship 120m long has a light displacement of 4000 tonne and LCG in this condition 2.5m aft of midships.
Cargo 10000 tonne
LCG 3.0 m
forward of midships
Fuel
1500 tonne
LCG 2.0 m
forward of midships
Water 400 tonne
LCG 8.0 m
forward of midships
Stores 100 tonne
LCT 10.0m
forward of midships
Draught
Displacement (t)
MCTI cm
8.50
16650
183
1.94 F
1.20A
8.00
15350
175
2.10 F
0.60F
Q9. A. Describe the effect of cavitations on the propeller blades; B.A propeller 4.6m diameter has a pitch of 4.3m and boss diameter
of 0.75. The real slip is 28% at 95 rev/min. Calculate the speed of advance, thrust and thrust power.
OCTOBER 2013
underwater surface of the hull; B. State the significance of the roughness profile.
Q4. A rudder of a vessel requires extensive welding repairs and as second engineer you are requested to supervise. A. Suggest a
suitable type of welding process; B. State with reasons four common welding defects; C. State what testes may be carried out before
returning the rudder to service.
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minimized.
Q7.A. Distinguish between ships of Type A and Type B for the purpose of computation of free board
Q9. A. List the precautions necessary before an inclining experiment is carried out. B.A box shaped vessel, 50 metres long X 10
metres wide, floats in salt water on an even keel at a draft of 4 metres. A centre line longitudinal watertight bulkhead extends from
end to end and for the full depth of the vessel. A compartment amidships on the starboard side is 15 metres long and contains
cargo with permeability 30%. Calculate the list if this compartment is bilged. KG = metres.
SEPTEMBER 2013
is determined; C. Describe briefly the significance of the factor of subdivision.
maintained in heavy weather. A. Intermediate shafting, B.Propeller shafting, C.Shafting coupling bolts, D. Main thrust pads.
Describe the corrosion problems experienced with ballast tanks.; C.. State how such tanks are protected against extensive corrosion.
Q6. Explain how wave profile affects the shear force and bending moment curves.
A ship 125m long displaces 12000 tonne. When a mass of 100 tonnes is moved 75m from forward to aft there is a change in trim
of 65 cm by the stem. Calculate - MCT 1 cm; The longitudinal metacentric height; The distance moved by the centre of gravity of the
ship
Q7: A. what is the effect on fuel consumption per unit time, if the ships speed is outside its operation range?
of the ship
Q8. A. List the variables which affect the force on a rudder
Q9. A. Explain what is meant by torsional stress
TPC; ii. Distance of the centre of flotation from midships. Iii. Second moment of area of the water plane about a transverse axis
Q10. A. List the amin factors which affect the rolling period of a vessel
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B A box-shaped vessel is 20 m long and 10 m wide. The weight of the vessel is uniformly distributed throughout the length and the
draught is 2.5 m. The vessel contains ten evenly spaced double bottom tanks, each having a depth of 1m. Draw the shear force
diagrams - With No.1 and No.10 tanks filled; With No.3 and No.8 tanks filled; With No.5 and No.6 tanks filled. Which ballast
condition is to be preferred from the point of view of strength?
AUGUST 2013
Q1. A. With the aid of a sketch describe the method of attachment for a bilge keel and hence explain what protection is made to
reduce the possibility of the shell being punctured in the event of damage to the keel; B. State why the keel does not extend for the
length of ship; C. Evaluate the effectiveness of bilge keels for large wall sided vessels.
Q3.A. Discuss the need for adequate support of engine room gantry cranes, detailing the following
i) Sketch section through the engine room casing showing how the crane is supported by the ship structure.
ii) State what restricts the forward and aft limits of the crane and what is fitted to prevent the crane damaging the forward and aft
bulkheads or casing.
Q4.With reference to membrane tanks for the carriage of liquefied gas at very low temperatures.
A. Describe with a sketch one method of building up the insulation; B. State which alloy is used for the membrane and the reason;
D. Explain why a secondary barrier is installed. i) Longitudinally; ii) Transversely
Q5.State how and why the following machinery items are effected when the maximum service speed of a Vessel is consistently
maintained in heavy weather. A. Intermediate shafting, B.Propeller shafting, C.Shafting coupling bolts, D.Main thrust pads.
Q6. A. Explain the purpose of non-watertight longitudinal subdivision of tanks.
B. A ship 90 long displaces 5200 tonne and floats at draughts of 4.95m forward a nd 5.35 m aft when in sea water of 1023 lg/m3.
Q7.A. Describe how thrust power is determined; B. The following information relates to a model propeller of 400mm pitch
Rev/Min
400
450
500
550
600
Thrust N
175
260
365
480
610
Torque Nm
16.8
22.4
28.2
34.3
40.5
i. Plot curves of thrust and torque against rev/min
ii. When the speed of advance of the model is 150m/min and slip 0.20, calculate the efficiency?
Q8. A. Explain why the amplitude of ship motion should be limited
B. A ship of 8100 tonne displacement
floats upright in seawater. KG = 7.5m and GM = 0.45m A tank, whose centre of gravity is 0.5m above the keel and 4m from the
centreline, contains 100 tonne of water ballast neglecting free face effect, calculate the angle of heel when the ballast is pumped
out.
B.A triangular bulkhead is 7 m wide at the top and has a vertical depth of 8 m. Calculate the load on the bulkhead and the position
Q10.A. Distinguish between ships of Type A and Type B for the purpose of computation of free board
JULY 2013
is determined; C. Describe briefly the significance of the factor of subdivision.
Q2. Explain how the period of roll varies with - The amplitude of roll; The radius of gyration;
The initial metacentric height;
dThe location of masses in the ship
Q3.A. Describe the relationship between frictional resistance and:(i)Ship speed; (ii) the wetted area; (iii) surface roughness; (iv) The
length of the vessel.
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Q6. A box-shaped pontoon is 36 meters long, 4 meters wide and floats in salt water at drafts F-2.00m, A-4.00m. Find the new
drafts if the pontoon now passes into fresh water. (16)
Q7. A. Explain how to distinguish between list and loll and describe how to return the ship to the upright in each case. B. A ship
Cargo 10000 tonne
LCG 3.0 m
forward of midships
Fuel
1500 tonne
LCG 2.0 m
forward of midships
Water 400 tonne
LCG 8.0 m
forward of midships
Stores 100 tonne
LCT 10.0m
forward of midships
Draught
Displacement (t)
MCTI cm
8.50
16650
183
1.94 F
1.20A
8.00
15350
175
2.10 F
0.60F
B.The speed of a ship is increased to 18% above normal for 7.5 hours, and then reduced to 9% below normal for 10 hours. The
speed is then reduced for the remainder of the day so that the consumption for the day is the normal amount. Find the percentage
Q9.A. Describe the general precautions to be taken against capsizing. State the recommended criteria for passenger and cargo
ships.
B. The ordinates of a water plane at 15m intervals, commencing from aft, ar. 1, 7, 10.5, 11, 11, 10.5, 8, 4 and 0m. Calculate TPC; Distance of the centre of flotation from midships
C. Second moment of area of the water plane about a transverse axis through the centre of flotation.
Q10. Describe with sketches the arrangement of a power operator sliding water light door.
B.A watertight bulkhead 7.5m high has vertical stiffeners 0.75m apart, connected at the bottom by brackets having 10 rivets 20mm
diameter in each arm. The bulkhead is flooded to the top on one side only with seawater calculate.
(i) Shearing force at top and bottom; (ii) Position of zero shear; (iii) Shear stress in the rivets
Draw the load and shearing force diagrams.
JUNE 2013
NOTE: Q1, 3, 6, 7, 8 SAME AS APRIL 2013
Q1. A. With reference to the underwater surface of a ships hull; describe a hull plate roughness analyser system;
State the significance of the roughness profile and compare the typical roughness values for a new ship and a ship eight years old;
B. Which parts of the internal structure of a ship are most liable to corrosion and why? How can the effects of corrosion be reduced?
Explain why a secondary barrier is installed - Longitudinally; Transversely
A. Effects on centre of gravity of slack tanks; B. Effect on stability of ice formation on superstructure; C. Effects of wind and waves on
ships stability; D. Effect of water absorption by deck cargo and retention of water on deck.
Q4. A. Explain the causes of the formation of mill scale on steel plate.; B. Describe the preparation necessary before the application
of conventional paints to the underwater surface of the hull; C. Describe a coating scheme for the underwater hull using conventional
paints
B. A ship whose length is 110 m has MCTI cm 55 tonne m: TCP9; LCF 1.5 m forward of midships and floats at draughts of 4.20m
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7.2m
B. The speed of a ship is increased to 18% above normal for 7.5 hours, and then reduced to 9% below normal for 10 hours. The
speed is then effect25 for the remainder of the day so that the consumption for the day is the normal amount. Find the percentage
Q9. A. Describe the effect of cavitations on the propeller blades; B.A propeller 4.6m diameter has a pitch of 4.3m and boss diameter
of 0.75. The real slip is 28% at 95 rev/min.
Calculate the speed of advance, thrust and thrust power.
APRIL 2013
NOTE: Q1 Q8 IS SAME AS JULY 2012
B.A ship 120m long has a light displacement of 4000 tonne and LCG in this condition 2.5m aft of midships.
Cargo
10000 tonne
LCG 3.0 m
forward of midships
Fuel
1500 tonne
LCG 2.0 m
of midships
Water 400 tonne
LCG 8.0 m
of midships
Stores 100 tonne
LCT 100m
forward midships
Draught
Displacement (t)
MCTI cm
8.50
16650
183
1.94 F
1.20A
8.00
15350
175
2.10 F
0.60F
MARCH 2013
Q1. A. Sketch a transverse section through the hold space of a container ship hull.
B. Referring to the sketch in A) describe how adequate structural strength is built into the hull.
Q2. Describe the following parts of a vessel and state the purposes for which they are fitted. .Illustrate
by means of sketches: A.Cant frames. B.Transom floor C. Panting beams D.Panting stringer
reduce the possibility of the shell being punctured in the event of damage to the keel.
B. State why the keel does not extend for the length of ship. Evaluate the effectiveness of bilge keels for large wall sided vessels.
Q5. A. Adequate support is required for engine room gantry cranes.
B. Sketch section through the engine room casing showing how the crane is supported by the ship structure
Q6. Explain the purpose of non-watertight longitudinal subdivision of tanks. A ship 90 long displaces 5200 tonne and floats at
draughts of 4.95m forward and 5.35 m aft when in sea water of 1023 lg/m3. The waterplane area is 1100m2, GML 95m, LCB 0.6m
forward of midships and LCF 2.2m aft of midships.
Calculate the new draughts when the vessel moves into fresh water of 1002 kg/m3
Q7. A. Describe how thrust power is determined. B. The following information relates to a model propeller of 400mm pitch
Rev/Min
400
450
500
550
600
Thrust N
175
260
365
480
610
Torque Nm
16.8
22.4
28.2
34.3
40.5
i. Plot curves of thrust and torque against rev/min
ii. When the speed of advance of the model is 150m/min and slip 0.20, calculate the efficiency?
Q8.A. Explain why the amplitude of ship motion should be limited. B. A ship of 8100 tonne displacement floats upright in seawater.
KG = 7.5m and GM = 0.45m A tank, whose centre of gravity is 0.5m above the keel and 4m from the centreline, contains 100 tonne
of water ballast neglecting free face effect, calculate the angle of heel when the ballast is pumped out.
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Q9. A. Explain the effect of bilging a centreline compartment located away from amidships. A Ship of 5000 tonnes displacement
enters a dry dock trimmed 0.45m by the stern. KM=7.5m., KG=6.0m. MCTC=120 tonnes-m. The centre of flotation is 60m. Frome
aft. Find the effective metacentric height at the critical instant before the ship takes the blocks overall, assuming that the transverse
metacentre rises 0.075m.
Q10. A. Describe stability requirement for dry-docking. B. A ship of 8000 tonne displacement, 110m long, floats in sea water of
1.024t/m3 at draughts of 6m forward and 6.3 m aft. The TPC is 16, LCB 0.6 m aft of midships, LCF 3m aft of midships and MCT1cm
65 tonne m, The vessel now moves into fresh water of 1.000t/m3.
Calculate the distance a mass of 50 tonne must be moved to bring the vessel to an even keel and determine the final draught.
FEBRUARY 2013
metres.
Q2. A. Define longitudinal of gravity (LCG) and longitudinal centre of buoyancy (LCB.
B.A ship 120m long floats at draughts of
5.50m forward and 5.80 forward and 5.80m aft; MCTI cm 80 tonne m, TPC 13, LCF 2.5m forward of midships. Calculate the new
draughts which a mass of 110 tonne is added 24m aft of midships.
30. Find the initial angle of heel if the force Fn perpendicular to the plane of the rudder is given by:
Fa=577 Av2 sin N,
Allow 20% for the race effect.
Q4. A. Describe the relationship between frictional resistance and: (i)Ship speed; (ii) the wetted area; (iii) surface roughness; (iv)
Q5: A. Describe how water tightness is maintained where bulkheads are pierced by longitudinal beams or pipes.
Q2. With reference to dry docking define the responsibility of the 2nd engineer prior to dry dock.
Whilst the vessel is in DRYDOCK; Prior to flooding and leaving the dock; Between leaving the dock and full-ahead of main propulsion
Q3. With reference to statutory certification; State the reasons for the freeboard requirements;
(i)Explain the tern conditions of assignments; (ii)List the items that may be examined during a related survey
maintained in heavy weather - A. Intermediate shafting, B.Propeller shafting, C.Shafting coupling bolts, D.Main thrust pads
B.Explain a procedure for ensuring that sliding watertight doors are operated safely .
C.Differentiate between the categories of watertight door and state the regulation pertaining the each type.
DECEMBER 2012
Q1. Explain what is meant by "Dynamical Stability"
With a curve of a statical stability explain how the area under the GZ curve represents dynamical stability.
Q2. A. Explain how the flow of water around the propeller can result in inducing vibration. B. What are the possible options to reduce
effects?
Q3. A. Describe the relationship between frictional resistance and (i)Ship speed; (ii) the wetted area; (iii) surface roughness; (iv)
Q4: With reference to dry docking define the responsibility of the 2nd engineer prior to dry dock; Prior to docking; whilst the vessel
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27
B.A ship whose length is 110 m has MCTI cm 55 tonne m: TCP9; LCF 1.5 m forward of midships and floats at draughts of 4.20m
Calculate the new draughts after the following masses have been added (10)
7.2m
Q8. A. Explain the purpose of the rudder carrier and pintles. B.The speed of a ship is increased to 18% above normal for 7.5
hours, and then reduced to 9% below normal for 10 hours. The speed is then effect27 for the remainder of the day so that the
consumption for the day is the normal amount. Find the percentage difference between the distance travelled in that day and the
normal distance travelled per day.
Q9.A. Describe the general precautions to be taken against capsizing. State the recommended criteria for passenger and cargo
ships.
TPC; ii. Distance of the centre of flotation from midships; iii. C. Second moment of area of the water plane about a transverse axis
Q10. A. Describe with sketches the arrangement of a power operator sliding water light door.
B.A watertight bulkhead 7.5m high has vertical stiffeners 0.75m apart, connected at the bottom by brackets having 10 rivets 20mm
diameter in each arm. The bulkhead is flooded to the top on one side only with seawater calculate.
(i) Shearing force at top and bottom; (ii) Position of zero shear; iii. Shear stress in the rivets
Draw the load and shearing force diagrams.
NOVEMBER 2012
Q1. A. Describe a method of the attachment of bilge keels.; B. State THREE reasons for not extending bilge keels the entire length
Q2. With reference to dry docking define the responsibility of the 2nd engineer prior to dry dock - Whilst the vessel is in DRYDOCK;
Prior to flooding and leaving the dock; Between leaving the dock and full-ahead of main propulsion.
Q3. With reference to statutory certification - State the reasons for the freeboard requirements - (i)Explain the tern conditions of
assignments. (ii)List the items that may be examined during a related survey.
maintained in heavy weather: A. Intermediate shafting; B.Propeller shafting; C. Shafting coupling bolts; D. Main thrust pads.
ensuring that sliding watertight doors are operated safely . Differentiate between the categories of watertight door and state the
Q6.A. Explain why the bilging of empty double-bottom or deep tanks below the waterline leads to an increase in GM.
B. the immersed cross-sectional area of a ship 120m long, commencing from aft are 2,40,79,100,103,104,104,103,97,58 and
0m^2 calculate - (i) Displacement; (ii) Longitudinal position of the centre of buoyancy.
Q7. A. Explain the effects on stability when a tank is partially filled with liquid.
B. A ship of 11200 tonne displacement has a double bottom tank containing oil. Whose centre of gravity is 16.5m forward and 6.6m
below the centre of gravity of the ship? When the oil is used the ships centre of gravity moves 380mm calculates:
(i) The mass of oil used; (ii) The angle which the centre of gravity moves relative to the horizontal.
Q9. A. Explain the effect on GM during the filing of a double bottom tank.
B. A ship of 8,000 tonnes displacement has KM 7.5m, and KG 7.0m. A double bottom tank is 12 meters long 15 meters wide and
1 meter deep. The tank is divided longitudinally at the centre line and both sides are full or small water. Calculate the list if one side
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OCTOBER 2012
Q1. Describe the preparation necessary before the application (in day dock) of sophisticated or approved long life coating to the
underwater surface of the hull; State the significance of the roughness profile; List the different sophisticated costing which are
available.
Q2: A rudder of a vessel requires extensive welding repairs and as second engineer you are requested to supervise.
Suggest a suitable type of welding process; State with reasons four common welding defects; State what testes may be carried out
before returning the rudder to service.
minimized.
Q4: With regard to the carriage of crude oil and its associated products:
A. Sketch and describe the operation of an explosimeter suitable for testing pump rooms or tanks; B. State why false readings are
likely to be given by the explosimeter; C. State the publication that gives guidance on safety.
Q5. A ship of 9900 tonnes displacement has KM = 7.3 m and KG = 6.4m. She has yet to load two 50tonne lifts with her own gear
and the first life is to be placed on deck on the inshore side (KG 9 m and centre of gravity 6m out from the centre line. When the
derrick plumbs the quay its head is 15m above the keel and 12m out from the centre line. Calculate the maximum list during operation.
Q6. A. Describe how the distribution of mass within the ship affects the rolling period.
B.The righting moments of a ship at angles of heel of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 are 0, 1690, 5430, 9360 and 9140 k/Nm
Cargo
10000 tonne
LCG 3.0 m
forward of midships
Fuel
1500 tonne
LCG 2.0 m
of midships
Water 400 tonne
LCG 8.0 m
of midships
Stores 100 tonne
LCT 100m
forward midships
Draught
Displacement (t)
MCTI cm I
8.50
16650
183
1.94 F
1.20A
8.00
15350
175
2.10 F
0.60F
Q9. A. Explain the effect on GM during the filing of a double bottom tank.
A ship of 8,000 tonnes displacement has KM 7.5m, and KG 7.0m. A double bottom tank is 12 meters long 15 meters wide and 1
meter deep. The tank is divided longitudinally at the centre line and both sides are full or small water. Calculate the list if one side
AUGUST 2012
Describe with a sketch one method of building up the insulation; State which alloy is used for the membrane and the reason; Explain
why a secondary barrier is installed - Longitudinally; Transversely
maintained in heavy weather - A. Intermediate shafting, B.Propeller shafting, C. Shafting coupling bolts, D.Main thrust pads.
Describe the corrosion problems experienced with ballast tanks; C. State how such tanks are protected against extensive corrosion.
Q5. With regard to ship construction details for transverse watertight bulkheads:A. State the purpose of this type of bulkhead; B. State how the bulkheads are tested for water tightness
C. If it is necessary to penetrate the bulkhead, precaution must be taken to ensure that the watertight integrity and the strength of
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29
Q7. Distinguish between ships of Type A and Type B for the purpose of computation of free board The draughts of a ship 170m
long are 6.8.5 m forward and 7.50m aft MCTIcm 300 tonn m; TPC 28; LCF 3.5m forward of midships. Calculate the new draughts
after the following changes in loading have taken place.
Q8. When a ship is 800 nautical miles from port its speed is reduced by 20%, thereby reducing the daily fuel consumption by 42
(i) The reduced consumption per day;
(ii) The amount of fuel on board when the speed was reduced;
faction 10.30. If the propeller delivers a thrust of 300 KN and the propeller efficiency is 0.65 Calculate - (i) Blade area; (ii) Ship
speed; (iii) Thrust power; (iv) Shaft power; (v) Torque
Q10. A. Describe measures which may be taken to improve the stability or trim of a damaged ship
JULY 2012
B. State the significance of the roughness profile and compare the typical roughness values for a new ship and a ship eight years
old; C. Which parts of the internal structure of a ship are most liable to corrosion and why? How can the effects of corrosion be
reduced?
Q2. What is sub-division? Why is it necessary? What is margin line? How is the length of a compartment determined?
Q3. A. State FOUR sources of excitation that may induce vibration into the main hull girder.
B. Suggest methods for reducing the vibration levels induced by EACH of the exciting forces in A.
A. Effects on centre of gravity of slack tanks; B. Effect on stability of ice formation on superstructure; C. effects of wind and waves
A. Whilst the vessel is in DRYDOCK; B. Prior to flooding and leaving the dock; C. Between leaving the dock and full-ahead of main
propulsion.
7.2m
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A. TPC; B. Distance of the centre of flotation from midships; C. Second moment of area of the water plane about a transverse axis
If the skin resistance is of the form R=0.45 S V1.83 N; find the resistance of the 6000 tonne Ship.
JUNE 2012
reduced?
Q5. . With reference to the prevention of hull corrosion discusses:
A. Surface preparation and painting of new ship plates; B. Design of the ships structure and its maintenance; C.. Catholic protection
by sacrificial anodes, of the internal and external areas of the ship.
Q7. A. Explain how to distinguish between list and loll and describe how to return the ship to the upright in each case. B.A ship 120m
long has a light displacement of 4000 tonne and LCG in this condition 2.5m aft of midships.
Cargo
10000 tonne
LCG 3.0 m
forward of midships
Fuel
1500 tonne
LCG 2.0 m
of midships
Water 400 tonne
LCG 8.0 m
of midships
Stores 100 tonne
LCT 100m
forward midships
Draught
Displacement (t)
MCTI cm
8.50
16650
183
1.94 F
1.20A
8.00
15350
175
2.10 F
0.60F
B.A propeller 4.6m diameter has a pitch of 4.3m and boss diameter of 0.75. The real slip is 28% at 95 rev/min.
B.A ship 130m long displaces 14000 tonne when floating at draughts of 7.5m forward and 8.10m aft. GML 125m, TPC 18, of
APRIL 2012
Q1. During routine soundings it is found that leakage into a cofferdam is occurring from an adjacent cargo oil deep tank. The
procedure you will follow to ascertain the cause of the leakage.
If the leakage persists discuss EACH of the following options as a possible remedy:
Leave the cofferdam to flood with oil; Flood the cofferdam with sea water; Seal the cofferdam and pressurize with air
Pump the leakage to bunker tanks
Whilst the vessel is in DRYDOCK; Prior to flooding and leaving the dock; Between leaving the dock and full-ahead of main propulsion.
B.Suggest methods for reducing the vibration levels induced by EACH of the exciting forces in A.
Q4. A. Explain the causes of the formation of mill scale on steel plate.
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31
B. Describe the preparation necessary before the application of conventional paints to the underwater surface of the hull; C. Describe
a coating scheme for the underwater hull using conventional paints
Q6. When a ship is 800 nautical miles from port its speed is reduced by 20%, thereby reducing the daily fuel consumption by 42
(iii)The percentage decrease in consumption for the latter part of the voyage; (iv)The percentage increases in time for this latter
period.
faction 10.30. If the propeller delivers a thrust of 300 KN and the propeller efficiency is 0.65 calculate - (i) Blade area; (ii) Ship
speed; (iii) Thrust power; (iv) Shaft power; (v) Torque
Q8. A. Describe measures which may be taken to improve the stability or trim of damaged ships.
Q9.A. Describe how the distribution of mass within the ship affects the rolling period.
(16)
Cargo
10000 tonne
LCG 3.0 m
forward of midships
Fuel
1500 tonne
LCG 2.0 m
of midships
Water 400 tonne
LCG 8.0 m
of midships
Stores 100 tonne
LCT 100m
forward midships
Draught
8.50
8.00
Displacement (t)
16650
15350
MCTI cm
183
175

1.94 F
2.10 F

1.20A
0.60F
MARCH 2012
maintained in heavy weather - A. Intermediate shafting, B. Propeller shafting, C. Shafting coupling bolts, D. Main thrust pads.
B. Suggest methods for reducing the vibration levels induced by EACH of the exciting forces in A.
Q3. A. Explain the causes of the formation of mill scale on steel plate.
B. Describe the preparation necessary before the application of conventional paints to the underwater surface of the hull; C. Describe
a coating scheme for the underwater hull using conventional paints
Q5. A ballast tank is one third full when additional ballast is added until it is two thirds full. The increased amount of liquid in the tank
will have the greatest influence on the.
Free surface effect; Transverse stability; Virtual rise in the center of gravity; Value of the moment to trim 1 inch (MTI) . Give a detailed
explanations stating why the other options were not considered.
Q6. A ship 90 long displaces 5200 tonne and floats at draughts of 4.95m forward and 5.35 m aft when in sea water of 1023 lg/m3.
Q7.The daily fuel consumption of a ship at 17 knots is 42 tonne. Calculate the speed of the ship if the consumption is reduced to 28
tonne per day, and the specific consumption at the reduced speed is 18% more than at 17 knots.
Q8. A ship 160m long and 8700 tonne displacement floats at a waterline with
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Station AP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
71/2 FP
ordinate 0
2.4
5.0
7.3
7.9
8.0
8.0
7.7
5.5
2.8
0m
While floating at this waterline, the ship develops a list of 10 due to instability. Calculate the negative metacentric height when the
vessel is upright in this condition.
Q9. A. Describe briefly the inclining experiment and explain how the results are used.
B. A ship of 8500 tonne displacement has a double bottom tank 11m wide extending for the full breadth of the ship, having a free
surface of seawater. If the apparent loss in metacentric height due to slack water is 14cm, find the length of the tank.
Q10. The end bulkhead of the wing tank of an oil tanker has the following widths at 3m intervals commencing at the deck: 6.0, 6.0,
5.3, 3.6 and 0.6 m. Calculate the load on the bulkhead and the position of the centre of pressure if the tank is full of oil rd 0.8.
FEBRUARY 2012
old. C. Which parts of the internal structure of a ship are most liable to corrosion and why? How can the effects of corrosion be
reduced?
Q3. With reference to statutory certification; State the reasons for the freeboard requirements; (i)Explain the tern conditions of
assignments; (ii)List the items that may be examined during a related survey.
maintained in heavy weather.
A. Intermediate shafting, B.Propeller shafting, C. Shafting coupling bolts, D.Main thrust pads.
Q5. With reference to Roll-on Roll-off ferries - A. Describe the problem of free surface effect; B. Explain how it is intended that water
should be cleared from car or cargo decks; C. Describe possible methods for improving the stability and survivability of these vessels.
Q6. A. What do you understand by reserve buoyancy what will happen if the lost buoyancy is greater than the reserve buoyancy.
B. A ship of 8100 tonne displacement floats upright in seawater. KG = 7.5m and GM = 0.45m A tank, whose centre of gravity is
0.5m above the keel and 4m from the centreline, contains 100 tonne of water ballast neglecting free face effect, calculate the angle
of heel when the ballast is pumped out.
respectively. Calculate the dynamical stability at 60
Q8. A. Explain the term angle of loll and state what, if any dangers it poses to a vessel
Q9. Describe the effect of cavlation on: i. The thrust and ordque; ii. The propelier blides
B. A ship 150m long and 19m beam floads at a draught of 8m and last a blocki coeffelent of 0.68
i) if the admicatry coefficient is 600 calculate the shaft power required at 18 knots; ii) If the speed is now increased to 21 knots,
and within this speed range resistance varies as speed find the new shaft power
Q10. A. Describe the procedure for speed. Power and fuel consumption trials
B. An oil tanker has LBP 142 beant 18.8m and draught 8m. It displaces 17000 tonne in seawater of 1.025 1/m3. The face pitch
ratio of the propeller is 0.673 and the diameter 4.8m. The results of the speed inal show that the true slip may be regarded as
constant over a range of speeds of 9 to 12 knots and is 35% the wake fraction may be calculated from the equation: W=0.5Cb =
0.05
If the vessel uses 20 tonne of fuel per day at 12 knots and the consumption varies as (Speed. find the consumption per day at 100
rev/min.
JANUARY 2012
i. Sketch section through the engine room casing showing how the crane is supported by the ship structure.
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33
ii. State what restricts the forward and aft limits of the crane and what is fitted to prevent the crane damaging the forward and aft
bulkheads or casing.
B. State the Second Engineers responsibilities for the engine room gantry crane.
is determined; C. Describe briefly the significance of the factor of subdivision
D. A box shaped vessel 65m X 12m X 8m has KG 4m and is floating in self water upright on an even keel at 4m draft F and A.
Q4. Describe the relationship between frictional resistance and:
speed 16 knots. The thrust is found to be 400 KN, the torque 270 KNm and the QPC 0.67.
Calculate - The propeller diameter; The shaft power; The propeller efficiency; The thrust deduction factor.
30. Find the initial angle of heel if the force Fn perpendicular to the plane of the rudder is given by: Fa=577 Av2 sin N. Allow
2012/SR1
DECEMBER 2011
i. Whilst the vessel is in DRYDOCK ii. Prior to flooding and leaving the dock
Q3. With reference to statutory certification; State the reasons for the freeboard requirements;
(i)Explain the tern conditions of assignments; (ii)List the items that may be examined during a related survey.
A. Intermediate shafting, B.Propeller shafting, C. Shafting coupling bolts, D. Main thrust pads.
Q5. A. Describe the arrangement made in a main structural bulkhead for a watertight door aperture. B. Explain a procedure for
ensuring that sliding watertight doors are operated safely . C. Differentiate between the categories of watertight door and state the
Q7. A. State why for dry-docking, a ship should have adequate instal metacentaic height be should and have a small or moderate
trim, normally by the stem.
( B.A should of 8100 tonne displacement floats upright in seawater.
KG=75m and GM = 0.45m. A tank, whose centre of gravity is 0.5m above the keel and 4m from the centralne, contains 100 tonne
of water ballast. Neglecting free surface effect, calculate the single of bad the ballast is pumped cat
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Fa=577 Av2 sin N.
Q9. A. State what is meant by the term floodable length illustrating your answer by drawing a typical curve of floodable length of a
ship.
B.A vessel has a maximum allowable draught of 8.5m in fresh water and 8.25m in seawater of 1.025/m3, the TPC in the sweater
being 27.5. The vessel is loaded in never water of 1.012 t/m2 to a draught of 8.44m. If it now moves into seawater, is it necessary
to pump out any ballast and if 50, how much?
Q10. A. If resistance S V2 and S 2/3, derive the Admiralty Coefficient formula.
B. A ship 160m long, 22m beam and 9.2m draught has a block coefficient of 0.765.The Pitch of the propeller is 4m and when it
turns at 96 rev/min the true slip is 33%, the wake fraction 0.335 and shaft power 2900 Kw. Calculate the Admiralty Coefficient and
the shaft power at 15 knots.
NOVEMBER 2011
metres.
Fa=577 Av2 sin N;
(i)Ship speed; (ii) The wetted area; (iii) surface roughness; (iv) The length of the vessel.
C. Explain why a secondary barrier is installed - Longitudinally; Transversely
Q7. With reference to statutory certification; State the reasons for the freeboard requirements; Explain the tern conditions of
assignments; (ii)List the items that may be examined during a related survey.
system. Hawse pipe, Cable stopper, Windlass and Cable lifter, Spurling pipe and Chain locker; B. Describe the cable stopper and
state its purpose.; C. Show by means of a sketch how the anchor cable is attached to the ship; D. Describe how the chain locker is
drained of water, sand and mud.
Q9. A. Describe a method of the attachment of bilge keels. B. State THREE reasons for not extending bilge keels the entire length of
reduced?
OCTOBER 2011
maintained in heavy weather; A. Intermediate shafting; B.Propeller shafting; C.Shafting coupling bolts; D. Main thrust pads.
Q2. A. Describe the arrangement made in a main structural bulkhead for a watertight door aperture; Explain a procedure for ensuring
that sliding watertight doors are operated safely; Differentiate between the categories of watertight door and state the regulation
pertaining the each type.
Q3. Describe the preparation necessary before the application (in day dock) of sophisticated or approved long life coating to the
underwater surface of the hull.
A. State the significance of the roughness profile.; B. List the different sophisticated costing which are available.
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35
Q4. A. With reference to fatigue of engineering components explain the influence of stress level and cyclical frequency on expected
minimized.
Q5. With regard to the carriage of crude oil and its associated products:
likely to be given by the explosimeter; C. State the publication that gives guidance on safety.
Q6. Explain why the bilging of empty double-bottom or deep tanks below the waterline leads to an increase in GM.
B. A ship of 10,000 tonnes displacement has GM=0.5 metres. The period of roll in still water is 20 seconds. Find the new period of
roll if a mass of 50 tonnes is discharged from a position 14 metres above the centre of gravity.
Q7. A. Describe the effect of Cavitation on;The thrust and torque; The propeller blades B.A ship 120m long displaces 10500 tonne
and has a wetted surface area of 3000m2. At 15 knots the shaft power is 4100KW, propulsive coefficient 0.6 and 55% of the thrust
is available to overcome frictional resistance; calculate the shaft power required for a similar ship 140m long at the corresponding
speed. = 0.42 and n = 1.825
Q8. A. Describe the ways in which an unstable ship can be made stable.
B. When a mass of 25 tonnes is shifted 15m transversely across the deck of a ship of 8,000 tonnes displacement, it causes a
deflection of 20cms in a plumb line 4m long. If the KM=7 m, calculate the KG
Fa=577 Av2 sin N
Allow 20% for the race 35effect.
Q10. A. List the components of residuary resistance. B. The following data are available for a twin screw vessel:
V
(Knots)
15
16
17
18
Epn
(KW)
3000
3750
4700
5650
QPC
0.73
0.73
0.72
0.71
Calculate the service speed if the breaker power for each engine is 350Kw. The transmission is 3% and the allowances for weather
and appendages 30%.
SEPTEMBER 2011
Q1: A. State, with reasons, the locality and extent of damage which may be sustained by the hull structure of a ship being driven
hard through heavy seas. B. Describe how such damage stated in A) may be repaired.
Q2: Describe the In water survey to classification society requirements of the external underwater structure of a very large crude
carrier.
Prior to flooding and leaving the dock
Q5: A. With reference to fatigue of engineering components explain the influence of stress level and cyclical frequency on expected
minimized.
Q6:A. what is form stability & weight stability.
b. A Ship of 5000 tonnes displacement enters a drydock trimmed 0.45m by the stern. KM=7.5m., KG=6.0m. MCTC=120 tonnesm. The centre of flotation is 60m. Frome aft. Find the effective metacentric height at the critical instant before the ship takes the
Q7:A. Explain what is meant by permissible length of compartments in passenger ships;
B. Describe how the position of bulkheads is determined; C. Describe briefly the significance of the factor of subdivision A box shaped
vessel 65m X 12m X 8m has KG 4m and is floating in self-water upright on an even keel at 4m draft F and A. Calculate the moments
of statically stability at A., 5 degrees and B. 25 degrees heel.
Q8: A box shaped barge of uniform construction is 32 metres long and displaces 352 tonnes when empty, is divided by transverse
bulkheads into four equal compartments. Cargo is loaded into each compartment and level stowed as follows:No. 1 hold 192 tonnes
No.2 hold 124 tonnes
No. 3 hold 272 tonnes
No.4 hold 176 tonnes.
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Construct load and shearing force diagram, before calculating the bending moments at the bulkheads and at the position of maximum
value; hence draw the bending moment diagram.
Q9: A. Explain how trim occurs, and explain the effect of trim on tank soundings.
B. A ship 150 metres long arrives at the mouth of a river with drafts 5.5m. F and 6.3m A MCT 1 cm. 200 tonnes-m. TPC 15 tonnes.
draft forward.
Q10:A. Define hull efficiency and propeller efficiency.
B. A ship of 2890 tonne displacement and speed of 14 knots has a machinery mass of 410 tonne. The mass of ships machinery is
given by the formula: m=$/& V3 tonne;(i) Calculate the mass of the machinery of a similar ship of 3000 tonne displacement at the
corresponding speed; (ii) if the 2890 tonne ship required 2920 Kw shaft power, calculate the shaft power required by the 3000
tonne ship.
AUGUST 2011
Q1: With reference to membrane tanks for the carriage of liquefied gas at very low temperatures.
Q2: With reference to dry docking define the responsibility of the 2nd engineer prior to dry dock; Prior to docking; whilst the vessel
Q3:A. Explain what is meant by permissible length of compartments in passenger ships; B. Describe how the position of bulkheads
is determined. C. Describe briefly the significance of the factor of subdivision
A box shaped vessel 65m X 12m X 8m has KG 4m and is floating in self water upright on an even keel at 4m draft F and A. Calculate
the moments of statically stability at A., 5 degrees and B. 25 degrees heel.
Q4: Explain how the period of roll varies with: A. The amplitude of roll; B. The radius of gyration; C. The initial metacentric height; D.
Q5: A. Describe the relationship between frictional resistance and: (i)Ship speed; (ii) The wetted area; (iii) surface roughness;(iv)The
Q6:A. Why is it important in a tender ship to keep the double bottom tanks pressed up?
speed and wetted surface area of as similar ship of 2000 tonne displacement; (i) If the skin resistance is of the form R=0.45 S V1.83
Q7:A box-shaped vessel is 20 m long and 10 m wide. The weight of the vessel is uniformly distributed throughout the length and
the draught is 2.5 m. The vessel contains ten evenly spaced double bottom tanks, each having a depth of 1m. Draw the shear force
diagrams - With No.1 and No.10 tanks filled; With No.3 and No.8 tanks filled; With No.5 and No.6 tanks filled.
Q8:A. what is the effect on fuel consumption per unit time, if the ships speed is outside its operation range?
of the ship.
Q9:A. Describe the procedure for speed, power and fuel consumption trials,
Q10: A. Explain the considerations which govern the size and shape of a rudder.
Fa=577 Av2 sin N.
JULY 2011
Q1: With reference to membrane tanks for the carriage of liquefied gas at very low temperatures.
Q2: With reference to statutory certification;
A. State the reasons for the freeboard requirements; B. Explain the tern conditions of assignments; C. List the items that may be
examined during a related survey.
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37
minimized.
Q4: Explain how the period of roll varies with; A.The amplitude of roll; B.The radius of gyration; C. The initial metacentric height; D.
Q5: A. Describe the relationship between frictional resistance and: (i)Ship speed; (ii) The wetted area; (iii) surface roughness;(iv)The
Q6:A. Why is it important in a tender ship to keep the double bottom tanks pressed up?
speed and wetted surface area of as similar ship of 2000 tonne displacement; (i) If the skin resistance is of the form R=0.45 S V1.83
Q7:A. Explain what is meant by permissible length of compartments in passenger ships? B. Describe how the position of bulkheads
D. A box shaped vessel 65m X 12m X 8m has KG 4m and is floating in self water upright on an even keel at 4m draft F and A.
Q8:A. What is form stability & weight stability.
B. A Ship of 5000 tonnes displacement enters a dry dock trimmed 0.45m by the stern. KM=7.5m., KG=6.0m. MCTC=120 tonnesm. The center of flotation is 60m. From aft, Find the effective metacentric height at the critical instant before the ship takes the
Q9: A. With reference to dynamical stability, describe the effect of an increase in wind pressure when a vessel is at its maximum
GM 1.5m. (i) Draw the amended stability curve; (ii) Estimate the dynamic stability at 60
Q10: A. Explain the term volumetric heeling moments.
JUNE 2011
Q1: Describe the preparation necessary before the application (in day dock) of sophisticated or approved long life coating to the
underwater surface of the hull.
State the significance of the roughness profile; List the different sophisticated costing which are available.
operating life.
A. Explain the influence of material defects on the safe operating life of an engineering component.
B. State the factors which influence the possibility of fatigue cracking of a bedplate transverse girder and explain how the risk of
such cracking can be minimized.
Q4: With regard to the carriage of crude oil and its associated products:
likely to be given by the explosimeter. C. State the publication that gives guidance on safety
Q8: A. What is meant by the Admiralty Coefficient and the Fuel Coefficient?
the fuel consumption at the same displacement is 541 kg/h. Calculate the fuel coefficient for the ship.
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Q9: The ordinates of a water plane at 15m intervals, commencing from aft, ar. 1, 7, 10.5, 11, 11, 10.5, 8, 4 and 0m. Calculate:
A. TPC; B. Distance of the centre of flotation from midships; C. Second moment of area of the water plane about a transverse axis
Q10:The following data are available from the hydrostatic curves of a vessel.
Draught
KB
KM
I
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
4.9
2.49
10.73
65.250
5.2
2.61
10.79
68.860
APRIL 2011
Q1: Define five of the following, stating how they affect the ship structure and what component parts of the ship structure help to
resist the effect of: A. Raking; B. Water pressure effect; C. Panting; D. Pounding; E.Local weights; F. Vibration from engine and
propellers.
Q2: Describe the general precautions to be taken against capsizing. State the recommended criteria for passenger and cargo ships.
Q3. Describe the effect on GM of rolling and how bilge keels, anti rolling tanks and stabilizer fins reduce the amplitude of rolling.
A. Effects on centre of gravity of slack tanks; B. Effect on stability of ice formation on superstructure; C. Effects of wind and waves on
Q5. With reference to the prevention of hull corrosion discusses:
A. Surface preparation and painting of new ship plates; B. Design of the ships structure and its maintenance; C. Catholic protection
diagrams: With No.1 and No.10 tanks filled; With No.3 and No.8 tanks filled; With No.5 and No.6 tanks filled. Which ballast condition
is to be preferred from the point of view of strength?
Q8. A. What is the effect on fuel consumption per unit time, if the ships speed is outside its operation range. B. The frictional
resistance of a ship in fresh water at 3m/s is 11N/m2. The ship has a wetted surface area of 2500m2 and the frictional resistance
is 72% of the total resistance and varies as speed 1.92. If the effective power is 1100Kw, calculate the speed of the ship.
Q9. A. Describe the procedure for speed, power and fuel consumption trials,
B.A propeller of 4m pitch has an efficiency of 67%. When turning at 125 rev/min the real slip is 36% and the delivered power
2800Kw. Calculate the thrust of the propeller.
Fa=577 Av2 sin N.
Allow 20% for the race 38 effect.
MARCH 2011
Q1. A. Describe a method of the attachment of bilge keels B. State THREE reasons for not extending bilge keels the entire length of
the vessel. C. Explain TWO principles of roll damping those bilge keels exploit.
Q2. With reference to statutory certification;
A. State the reasons for the freeboard requirements; B. Explain the tern conditions of assignments. C. List the items that may be
Q3. A. Describe the arrangement made in a main structural bulkhead for a watertight door aperture. B. Explain a procedure for
ensuring that sliding watertight doors are operated safely. C. Differentiate between the categories of watertight door and state the
Q4. Explain how wave profile affects the shear force and bending moment curves.
A ship 125m long displaces 12000 tonne. When a mass of 100 tonnes is moved 75m from forward to aft there is a change in trim
of 65 cm by the stem. Calculate i. MCT 1 cm; ii. The longitudinal metacentric height; iii. The distance moved by the centre of gravity
of the ship
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39
Q5. A. What is the effect on fuel consumption per unit time, if the ships speed is outside its operation range?
of the ship.
i. TPC; ii. Distance of the centre of flotation from midships; iii. Second moment of area of the water plane about a transverse axis
diagrams: With No.1 and No.10 tanks filled; With No.3 and No.8 tanks filled; With No.5 and No.6 tanks filled. Which ballast condition
is to be preferred from the point of view of strength?
Q9.With reference to dry docking define the responsibility of the 2nd engineer prior to dry dock.
Whilst the vessel is in DRYDOCK; Prior to flooding and leaving the dock
A. Intermediate shafting, B. Propeller shafting, C. Shafting coupling bolts, D. Main thrust pads.
FEBRUARY 2011
Q1. A. Sketch a transverse section through the hold space of a container ship hull. B. Referring to the sketch in A. describe how
i. Whilst the vessel is in DRYDOCK; ii. Prior to flooding and leaving the dock
Q3. A. Describe the safety precautions which are taken when using paoints
B. Describe the use of self-polishing anti-fouling paint, and the proposed banning of tributyltin (TBT)
A. Intermediate shafting, B.Propeller shafting, C. Shafting coupling bolts, D.Main thrust pads.
Q5. With reference to Roll-on Roll-off ferries
A. Describe the problem of free surface effect; B. Explain how it is intended that water should be cleared from car or cargo decks;
C. Describe possible methods for improving the stability and survivability of these vessels.
Q6. A. What do you understand by reserve buoyancy what happen if the lost buoyancy is greater than the reserve buoyancy? B.A
forward deep tank 12 m long extends from a longitudinal bulkhead to the ships side. The widths of the tank surface measured from
the longitudinal bulkhead at regular intervals are 10, 9, 7, 4 and 1 m. Calculate the second moment of area of the tank surface about
a longitudinal axis passing through its centroid.
Cargo
10000 tonne
LCG 3.0 m
forward of midships
Fuel
1500 tonne
LCG 2.0 m
of midships
Water 400 tonne
LCG 8.0 m
of midships
Stores 100 tonne
LCT 100m
forward midships
Draught
Displacement (t)
MCTI cm
8.50
16650
183
1.94 F
1.20A
8.00
15350
175
2.10 F
0.60F
B. A propeller 4.6m diameter has a pitch of 4.3m and boss diameter of 0.75. The real slip is 28% at 95 rev/min.
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JANUARY 2011
A. Intermediate shafting; B. Propeller shafting; C. Shafting coupling bolts; D. Main thrust pads
Q3. Sketch the cross-section of a bulk carrier with either deep or shallow double bottom showing the type of framing used. (i)
Describe the corrosion problems experienced with ballast tanks. (ii)State how such tanks are protected against extensive corrosion.
underwater surface of the hull. B. State the significance of the roughness profile. C. List the different sophisticated costing which are
available.
Q5. With regard to ship construction details for transverse watertight bulkheads:i. State the purpose of this type of bulkhead. ii. State how the bulkheads are tested for water tightness
If it is necessary to penetrate the bulkhead, precaution must be taken to ensure that the watertight integrity and the strength of the
bulkhead are maintained. With this in mind, describe, using simple sketches, how the following pass through bulkheads.
Main transmission shaft.; Electrical cables.; Fuel oil transfer pipes. Air and sounding pipes.
Q7. A. Define hull efficiency and propeller efficiency.
B. A ship of 2890 tonne displacement and speed of 14 knots has a machinery mass of 410 tonne. The mass of ships machinery is
given by the formula: m=$/& V3 tonne;
(i) calculate the mass of the machinery of a similar ship of 3000 tonne displacement at the corresponding speed
(ii) if the 2890 tonne ship required 2920 kW shaft power, calculate the shaft power required by the 3000 tonne ship.
Q9. A. Explain how trim occurs, and explain the effect of trim on tank soundings.
B. A ship 150 metres long arrives at the mouth of a river with drafts 5.5m. F and 6.3m A MCT 1 cm. 200 tonnes-m. TPC 15 tonnes.
draft forward.
Q10. A ship 75m long has semi ordinates at the load water plane commencing from forward as follows: 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3,
2 and 0 metres respectively. The spacing between the first three semi-ordinates and the last three semi-ordinates. Find the position
of the Centre of Floatation relative to amidships.
NOVEMBER 2010
Q3. A. Explain what is meant by permissible length of compartments in passenger ships
B. Describe how the position of bulkheads is determined; C. Describe briefly the significance of the factor of subdivision. A box shaped
vessel 65m X 12m X 8m has KG 4m and is floating in self water upright on an even keel at 4m draft F and A. Calculate the moments
of statically stability at i. 5 degrees and; ii. 25 degrees heel.
Q5. Describe the relationship between frictional resistance and: (i)Ship speed; (ii) The wetted area; (iii) surface roughness; (iv)The
40
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41
Q6. A. Why is it important in a tender ship to keep the double bottom tanks pressed up? B. A ship of 6000 tonne displacement has
a wetted surface area of 2500 m2 and a speed of 15 knots. Calculate the corresponding speed and wetted surface area of as
similar ship of 2000 tonne displacement.
diagrams: i. With No.1 and No.10 tanks filleD; ii.With No.3 and No.8 tanks filled iii. With No.5 and No.6 tanks filled. Which ballast
condition is to be preferred from the point of view of strength?
Q8.A. What is the effect on fuel consumption per unit time, if the ships speed is outside its operation range
frictional resistance is 72% of the total resistance and varies as speed 1.92. If the effective power is 1100kW, calculate the speed
of the ship.
2800kW. Calculate the thrust of the propeller
Fa=577 Av2 sin N.
OCTOBER 2010
reduced?
Explain why a secondary barrier is installed. Longitudinally; Transversely
Q4. With regard to ship construction details for transverse watertight bulkheads:A. State the purpose of this type of bulkhead; B. State how the bulkheads are tested for water tightness
C. If it is necessary to penetrate the bulkhead, precaution must be taken to ensure that the watertight integrity and the strength of
the bulkhead are maintained. With this in mind, describe, using simple sketches, how the following pass through bulkheads - Main
transmission shaft, Electrical cables, Fuel oil transfer pipes, Air and sounding pipes.
Q5. Sketch and describe the construction of collision bulkhead of a large tanker. Include principal dimensions in the sketch.
Q6. A. Explain the term angle of loll and state what, if any dangers it poses to a vessel
forward and 4.45m aft. Calculate the new draughts after the following masses have been added
7.2m
i. TPC; ii. Distance of the centre of flotation from midships; iii. Second moment of area of the water plane about a transverse axis
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Q10. Describe with sketches the arrangement of a power operator sliding water light door.
B.A watertight bulkhead 7.5m
high has vertical stiffeners 0.75m apart, connected at the bottom by brackets having 10 rivets 20mm diameter in each arm. The
bulkhead is flooded to the top on one side only with seawater calculate.
(i) Shearing force at top and bottom; (ii) Position of zero shear; (iii) Shear stress in the rivets; (iv) Draw the load and shearing force
diagrams.
SEPTEMBER 2010
Q2. With reference to statutory certification - State the reasons for the freeboard requirements; Explain the tern conditions of
assignments; List the items that may be examined during a related survey
minimized.
Q5. A. Describe the relationship between frictional resistance and: (i)Ship speed; (ii) The wetted area; (iii) surface roughness;(iv)The
Q6: A. Why is it important in a tender ship to keep the double bottom tanks pressed up?
speed and wetted surface area of as similar ship of 2000 tonne displacement. If the skin resistance is of the form R=0.45 S V1.83 N;
find the resistance of the 6000 tonne Ship.
B.A ship of 5000 tonnes displacement enters a drydock trimmed 0.45m the stern. KM=7.5m, KG=6.0
m. MCTC=120 tonnesm. The centre of flotation is 60m from aft. Find the effective metacentric height at the critical instant before the ship takes the blocks
overall, assuming that the transverse metacentre rises 0.75m
Q9. A. With reference to dynamical stability, describe the effect of an increase in wind pressure when a vessel is at its maximum
GM 1.5m.
(i) Draw the amended stability curve; (ii) Estimate the dynamic stability at 60
Q10. A. Explain the term volumetric heeling moments.
AUGUST 2010
Q1. A. What is sub-division? Why is it necessary?; B. What is margin line? How is the length of a compartment determined?
Q2. Describe the general precautions to be taken against capsizing. State the recommended criteria for passenger and cargo ships.
B.Suggest methods for reducing the vibration levels induced by EACH of the exciting forces in A.
A. Effects on centre of gravity of slack tanks; B. Effect on stability of ice formation on superstructure; C.Effects of wind and waves on
Q5. With reference to the prevention of hull corrosion discusses:
A. Surface preparation and painting of new ship plates; B. Design of the ships structure and its maintenance; C. Cathodic protection
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Cargo
10000 tonne
LCG 3.0 m
forward of midships
Fuel
1500 tonne
LCG 2.0 m
of midships
Water 400 tonne
LCG 8.0 m
of midships
Stores 100 tonne
LCT 100m
forward midships
Draught
Displacement (t) MCTI cm I
8.50
16650
183
1.94 F
1.20A
8.00
15350
175
2.10 F
0.60F
Q9. A. Explain the effect on GM during the filing of a double bottom tank. A ship of 8,000 tonnes displacement has KM 7.5m, and
KG 7.0m. A double bottom tank is 12 meters long 15 meters wide and 1 meter deep. The tank is divided longitudinally at the centre
line and both sides are full or small water. Calculate the list if one side is pumped on until it is half empty.
Q10. A ship of 9900 tonnes displacement has KM = 7.3 m and KG = 6.4m. She has yet to load two 50tonne lifts with her own gear
and the first life is to be placed on deck on the inshore side (KG 9 m and centre of gravity 6m out from the centre linE.. When the
derrick plumbs the quay its head is 15m above the keel and 12m out from the centre line. Calculate the maximum list during operation.
JULY 2010
Q3. Explain how the period of roll varies with - A.The amplitude of roll; B.The radius of gyration; C. The initial metacentric height;
(i)Ship speed; (ii) The wetted area; (iii) surface roughness ;(iv)The length of the vessel.
Q5. Sketch the cross-section of a bulk carrier with either deep or shallow double bottom showing the type of framing used. (i)
Describe the corrosion problems experienced with ballast tanks; (ii)State how such tanks are protected against extensive corrosion.
B.A pontoon has a constant cross-section as shown in Fig. Given below The metacentre height is 2.5m. Find the height of the centre
faction 10.30. If the propeller delivers a thrust of 300 KN and the propeller efficiency is 0.65 calculate.
(i) Blade area; (ii) Ship speed; (iii) Thrust power;
JUNE 2010
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Q4. Explain how the period of roll varies with - A. The amplitude of roll; B.The radius of gyration; C. The initial metacentric height;
Q5. A. Describe the relationship between frictional resistance and: (i)Ship speed; (ii) The wetted area; (iii) surface roughness;(iv)The
Q6. A. How the distribution of mass within the ship affects the rolling period?
B.A ship of 14000 tonne displacement is 125 m long and floats at draughts of 7.9 m forward and 8.5 m aft. The TPC is 19, GML 120
m and LCF 3 m forward of midships. It is required to bring the vessel to an even keel draught of 8.5m. Calculate the mass which
should be added and the distance of the distance of the centre of the mass from midships.
B.A pontoon has a constant cross-section as shown in Fig. Given below The metacentre height is 2.5m. Find the height of the centre
faction 10.30. If the propeller delivers a thrust of 300 KN and the propeller efficiency is 0.65 calculate - (i) Blade area; (ii) Ship
speed; (iii) Thrust power;
Q9. A. Explain what is meant by:
Wave-making resistance; Frictional resistance; Eddy-making resistance
B. When a ship is 800 nautical miles from port its speed is reduced by 20%, there by reducing the daily fuel consumption by 42
V is the speed in knots, estimate: (i) The reduced consumption per day;
(ii) The amount of fuel on board when the speed was reduced;
B.A ship of 5000 tonne displacement has a double bottom tank 12m long. The breadths of the top of the tank are 5,4 and 2m
respectively. The tank has a watertight centreline division. Calculate the free surface effect if the tank is partially full of fresh water
on one side only.
APRIL 2010
Q2. With reference to statutory certification;
A. State the reasons for the freeboard requirements; B. Explain the tern conditions of assignments; C. List the items that may be
operating life.
B. Explain the influence of material defects on the safe operating life of an engineering component.
C. State the factors which influence the possibility of fatigue cracking of a bedplate transverse girder and explain how the risk of such
cracking can be minimized.
Q4. A. Describe briefly the tank system in liquefied natural gas (LNG) vessel; B. Explain how the boil off from liquefied natural gas is
handed.
Q7. A.What is the effect on fuel consumption per unit time, if the ships speed is outside its operation range?
The frictional resistance of a ship in fresh water at 3m/s is 11N/m2. The ship has a wetted surface area of 2500m2 and the frictional
resistance is 72% of the total resistance and varies as speed 1.92. If the effective power is 1100Kw, calculate the speed of the
ship.
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45
B.A propeller of 4m pitch has an efficiency of 67%. When turning at 125 rev/min the real slip is 36% and the delivered power
Q9.The ordinates of a water plane at 15m intervals, commencing from aft, ar. 1, 7, 10.5, 11, 11, 10.5, 8, 4 and 0m. Calculate: i.
TPC; ii. Distance of the centre of flotation from midships; iii. Second moment of area of the water plane about a transverse axis
the draught is 2.5 m. The vessel contains ten evenly spaced double bottom tanks, each having a depth of 1m.
Draw the shear force diagrams: i. With No.1 and No.10 tanks filled; ii. With No.3 and No.8 tanks filled; iii. With No.5 and No.6 tanks
filled.
MARCH 2010
metres.
Q2. A. Define longitudinal of gravity (LCG) and longitudinal centre of buoyancy (LCB).
Q3. A. Explain the considerations which govern the size and shape of a rudder. B. A ship of 12000 tonne displacement has a rudder
15m2 in area, whose centre is 5m below the waterline. The metacentric height of the ship is 0.3m and the centre of buoyancy is
3.3m below the waterline. When travelling at 20 knots the rudder is turned through 30. Find the initial angle of heel if the force Fn
perpendicular to the plane of the rudder is given by:Fa=577 Av2 sin N. Allow 20% for the race effect.
(i)Ship speed; (ii) The wetted area; (iii) surface roughness;(iv)The length of the vessel.
is 28%. Calculate the total resistance and the wake friction.
B.The righting moments of a ship at angles of heel of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 are 0, 1690, 5430, 9360 and 9140 kNm
Q7. With reference to statutory certification - A. State the reasons for the freeboard requirements; B. Explain the tern conditions of
assignments; C. List the items that may be examined during a related survey.
system. Hawse pipe, Cable stopper, Windlass and Cable lifter, Spurling pipe and Chain locker.
B. Describe the cable stopper and state its purpose; C. Show by means of a sketch how the anchor cable is attached to the ship; D.
Describe how the chain locker is drained of water, sand and mud.
Q10. A. With reference to the underwater surface of a ships hull;Describe a hull plate roughness 45 analyser system; B. State the
significance of the roughness profile and compare the typical roughness values for a new ship and a ship eight years old; C. Which
parts of the internal structure of a ship are most liable to corrosion and why? How can the effects of corrosion be reduced?
FEBRUARY 2010
Q1. Describe the effect of the following on the ships stability, Ice formation on superstructure; Effect of wind and waves; Changes
that takes place during the ships voyage; Bilging of a compartment; While water is being pumped out from the dry dock
Q2. A. Explain in detail, how an underwater survey is carried out; B.State the requirements to be fulfilled before an underwater survey
is acceptable to the survey authority; C. Construct a list of the items in order of importance that the underwater survey authority
should include.
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Q4. A. Describe the factors to consider in order determining whether a list is due to a negative GM or to uneven distribution of
masses in a ship.
B.A vessel of 8000 tonne displacement has 75 tonne of cargo on the deck. It is lifted by a derrick whose head is 10.5m above the
centre of gravity of the cargo, and placed in the lower bold 9m below the deck and 14m forwarded of its original position. Calculate
the shift in the vessels centre of gravity from its original position when the cargo is: (i) Just clear of the deck; (ii) at the derrick head;
(iii) in its final position
Q5. Describe the general precautions to be taken against capsizing. State the recommended criteria for passenger and cargo ships.
Q6. A. Describe the effect of Cavitation on - The thrust and torque; The propeller blades
B.A ship 120m long displaces 10500 tonne and has a wetted surface area of 3000m2. At 15 knots the shaft power is 4100KW,
propulsive coefficient 0.6 and 55% of the thrust is available to overcome frictional resistance. Calculate the shaft power required for
a similar ship 140m long at the corresponding speed. = 0.42 and n = 1.825
Q7. A. Describe the procedure for speed, power and fuel consumption trials
B.A ship of 1500 tonne displacement has an admiralty coefficient, based on shaft power, of 420. The mechanical efficiency of the
machinery is 83% shaft losses 6% propeller efficiency 65% and QPC 0.71. At a particular speed the thrust power is 255.KW. - (i)
Indicated power; (ii) Effective power; (iii) Ship speed
Q8. A. Explain the purpose of fitting external anodes to a ships hull.
(i) Sketch a method of securing external anodes to the ships hull.
B. Show, with the aid of a sketch, where external anodes are placed. Explain how it may be ascertained that anode replacement is
necessary.
Q9. A. Sketch a bearing designed to transfer the full weight of the rudder to the ships structure; B. Describe the consequences if the
rudder carrier hearing surfaces become heavily scored; C. Describe the consequences of and the action to be taken, if the carrier
shatters.
reduce the possibility of the shell being punctured in the event of damage to the keel; B. State why the keel does not extend for the
length of ship; C. Evaluate the effectiveness of bilge keels for large wall sided vessels.
JANUARY 2010
Q1. A. Sketch a transverse section through the hold space of a container ship hull. Referring to the sketch in A. describe how
Q3. A. Describe the safety precautions which are taken when using points
B. Describe the use of self-polishing anti-fouling paint, and the proposed banning of tributyltin (TBT)
A. Intermediate shafting, B. Propeller shafting, C. Shafting coupling bolts, D. Main thrust pads.
Q5.With reference to Roll-on Roll-off ferries
A. Describe the problem of free surface effect; B. Explain how it is intended that water should be cleared from car or cargo decks; C.
Describe possible methods for improving the stability and survivability of these vessels.
Q6. A. What do you understand by reserve buoyancy what happen if the lost buoyancy is greater than the reserve buoyancy.
B.A forward deep tank 12 m long extends from a longitudinal bulkhead to the ships side. The widths of the tank surface measured
from the longitudinal bulkhead at regular intervals are 10, 9, 7, 4 and 1 m. Calculate the second moment of area of the tank surface
about a longitudinal axis passing through its centroid.
Q7. A. Explain how to distinguish between list and loll and describe how to return the ship to the upright in each case. B.A ship 120m
long has a light displacement of 4000 tonne and LCG in this condition 2.5m aft of midships.
Cargo
10000 tonne
LCG 3.0 m
forward of midships
Fuel
1500 tonne
LCG 2.0 m
of midships
Water 400 tonne
LCG 8.0 m
of midships
Stores 100 tonne
LCT 100m
forward midships
Draught
Displacement (t)
MCTI cm C.
8.50
16650
183
1.94 F
1.20A
8.00
15350
175
2.10 F
0.60F
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47
Q8. A. Explain how the distribution of masses affects rolling and pitching.
B.A propeller 4.6m diameter has a pitch of 4.3m and boss diameter of 0.75. The real slip is 28% at 95 rev/min. Calculate the speed
midships. Calculate the final draughts when a mass of 180 tonne lying 40m aft of midships is removed from the ship

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Water 400 tonne

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200 tonne added 27m forward of midships

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LCB from midships (m)

LCF from midships (m)

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