The Mixture

of
Fortunella
Japonica
(Calamansi) and
Allium Sativum
(Garlic) Extract as
an Effective
Insecticide
TITLE:
I
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, one of our greatest problems especially the
farmers are the pest specifically the insects. They cause us many
troubles. Aside from they eat the plants from which we get our
food for our survival they also make farmers work more difficult.
Do you know the effect this phenomenon will bring us?
The alarming increase in the use of chemicals insecticides in
agricultural production is raising public concerns. Contamination
in the environment with poisonous substances from chemicals
poses hazards to type public health. Significant amount of pest

find their way into the water reservoirs such as creeks, rivers,
lakes, wells and sea.
We all know that rice is our staple food and the most
important. It connotes survival, and the absence, of it would
mean starvation. Of the insects will destroy it continuously, time
may come that we will experience famine. On the other hand,
these pests also affect the fruits and vegetables from which
many people get their income. As concerned student and citizen,
I investigated and researched a solution to this problem the
insecticide from the mixture of Fortunella Japonica (Calamansi)
and Allium Sativum (Garlic) extract.
It is just very simple to make. We can do it in lesser time,
lesser expenses, and lesser work but with great assurance that it
is effective though I cannot say that this is totally safe and has
no harmful effects. However, with proper use and carefulness,
this will be a big help for us all. This study aimed to know the and
prone that mixture of calamansi and garlic extract as insecticide
has the potential to replace the insecticide we now have. This
study is advantageous because it is eco-friendly. It cannot harm
us as long as we use it properly because it was made up from
plants.

HYPOTHESIS
a.) There is no significant difference between the effects of the
prepared product and the commercialized product.
b.) There is a significant difference between the effects of the
prepared product and the commercialized product.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Study sought to answer the following questions:
1.) What are the contents of Fortunella Japonica (Calamansi) and
Allium Sativum?
2.) How effective is the mixture of Garlic and Calamansi extract
as an organic insecticide?
3.) Is there any significant differences between the Garlic and
Calamansi extract and commercialized insecticide?

RATIONALE
The motives of this project are:
1.) To help us maintain the beauty of the plants inside and
outside their homes.
2.) To protect us from harmful insects.
3.) For us to be aware that there are many alternative
insecticides to help maintain the beauty of the plants they see.
4.) To show locally or internationally that using organic
insecticides are natural and has no harmful chemicals that would
affect the bearing of fruits of a plant.

OBJECTIVES
1.) To create an insecticides product from garlic and calamnsi
extract
2.) To control the increasing amount of harmed plants from
pests.
3.) To lessen the use of insecticide with harmful chemicals that
may harm plants and environments,
4.) To help farmer maintain their farms.
5.) To help improved our agricultural sources and to increase
the economy of our country.

IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY

This study intended to generate a higher income for calamansi
and garlic farmer once this is recognized and minimize the
increasing number of affected plants by insects. Moreover, the
result of this study could give information to the readers on the
effectiveness of chili and orange oil extracts which can be easily
used by the masses.

II
METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design. Also presented in this

chapter are the research about Allium Sativum and Fortunella
Japonica contents, reading of related literature, gathering of
samples, tabulations and Interpretations.

RELATED LITERATURE

Calamansi or Calamondin, Fortunella Japonica, belong to

the fruit tree family Rutaceae. The fruit of the Calamansi is a
small, round lime, a little bigger than the size of a thumbnail,
about 30mm (an inch) in diameter. Similar to other citrus fruits,
the calamansi is high in Vitamin C, and the juice can be an
excellent vitamin basis. The lively ingredient D-limonene
destroys the wax coating of the insects respiratory system. As
soon as applied directly, the insect suffocates.
Calamansi is a smooth and slightly spiny plant, growing to a
height of 3 to 5 meters. Leaflets are elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 4-8
cm long. Petioles are narrowly and scarcely winged, about a cm
long. Flowers are axillary, solitary, rarely in pairs, white and
short-stalked. Fruit is yellow when ripe, nearly spherical, 2 to 3.5
cm diameter, 6-7 celled, and thin skinned. The skin or peel is
green to yellowish green or yellow, loosely adhering to the flesh.
The flesh contains a few light orange seeds.
Parts Used: Fruit
Properties: Antibacterial, Antifungal, Aromatic, Bitter Tonic,
Carminative, Cholagogue, Diuretic, Digestive Tonic, Expectorant,
Sedative, Stomach Tonic, Tonic.
Chemical Constituents: Essential oil (limonene, pinene, linalol,
humulene), flavonoids, aldehydes, coumarins, bitters, vitamin C.
Limonene

D-Limonene is a natural solvent extracted from citrus fruit

rinds. It is safe and reliable and is a popular ingredient used in
many industrial and household products. How does it work?
When citrus fruits are juiced, the oil is pressed out of the rind.
This oil is then separated from the juice and distilled to recover
flavor and fragrance compounds. The bulk of the oil is left behind
and collected. This is food grade d-Limonene.
After the juicing process, the peels are conveyed to a steam
extractor. This extracts more of the oil from the peel. When the
steam is condensed, a layer of oil floats to the surface in the
condensed water tank. This is known as technical grade dLimonene.
The uses of d-limonene have grown and it is now used in the
manufacturing process of many industrial and household
cleaning products. One of benefits of d-Limonene is that it may
replace other solvents such as mineral spirits, acetone, toluene
and flourinated and chlorinated organic solvents. As with most
organic solvents, d-Limonene alone is not water soluble. With a
KB value of 67, the solubility properties are close to that of CFC's,
indicating that it is a much better solvent than mineral spirts. dLimonene is a multi-purpose and versatile chemical that is
extremely safe and more effective in many of the typical
cleaning solutions.
Allium Sativum (Garlic)

Allium sativum L., commonly known as garlic, is a species in

the onion family alliacease. Its close relatives include the onion,
shallot, leek, and chive. Garlic has been used throughout
recorded history for both culinary and medicinal purposes. It has
a characteristic pungent, spicy flavor that mellows and sweetens
considerably with cooking. Garlic is easy to grow and can be
grown year-round in mild climates. In cold climates, cloves can

be planted in the ground about six weeks before the soil freezes
and harvested in late spring. Garlic plants are not attacked by
pests. Garlic is claimed to help prevent heart disease (including
atherosclerosis, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure) and
cancer. Animal studies, and some early investigational studies in
humans, have suggested possible cardiovascular benefits of
garlic.
Salt
Salts are ionic compounds that result from the
neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. They are composed
of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negative ions) so
that the product is electrically neutral(without a net charge).
These component ions can be inorganic such as chloride (Cl), as
well as organic such as acetate (CH3COO) and monatomic ions
such as fluoride (F), as well as polyatomic ions such as sulfate
(SO42).
There are several varieties of salts. Salts that hydrolyze to
produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water are basic salts
and salts that hydrolyze to produce hydronium ions in water are
acid salts. Neutral salts are those that are neither acid nor basic
salts. Zwitterions contain an anionic center and a cationic center
in the same molecule but are not considered to be salts.
Examples include amino acids, many metabolites, peptides, and
proteins.
Molten salts and solutions containing dissolved salts (e.g.,
sodium chloride in water) are called electrolytes, as they are able
to conduct electricity. As observed in the cytoplasm of cells, in
blood, urine, plant saps and mineral waters, mixtures of many
different ions in solution usually do not form defined salts after
evaporation of the water. Therefore, their salt content is given for
the respective ions.

GATHERING OF SAMPLES
The pest will be obtained from the gardens and forests in our
local area, keeping them in four leads. The garlic and calamansi
will be bought from the market, slowly will be sliced into strips
then boiled for 30 minutes each proponent. After which, the
extract will be placed into 2 different containers.

MATERIALS TO BE USED

To determine the effect of Calamansi and Garlic extract on

terminating insects, 50 ml of Calamansi Extract and 50 ml of
Garlic extract are need for the making of the insecticide. The
researcher will also use 30 ml of orange extract for the additional
d-limonene substance. Youll also be needing a salt, alcohol,
plants, commercialized pesticide, and of course pests.
Youlla slo be using the ff. equipmets, jars, knife, chopping
board, measuring cup, glass containers, paper towel, strainer,
mortar and pestle and sprayer.

PROCEDURE
The extract of the calamansi can be get by squeezing the fruit
until the measurement reached. The extract of garlic can be get
by chopping it into smaller pieces, crushing with mortar and
pestle and squeezing until the juices reached the measurement
given. The orange oil, as an additional extract, can get by
chopping it into small pieces, pit in a jar, pour with the alcohol,
then place it to a clean dry sunny place for 1 week (warm alcohol
will result more oil, shake for at least twice a day. After a week,
strain the mixture through a paper towel. Leave the strained
alcohol in a small covered dish. When the alcohol evaporates, the
remaining liquid is the orange oil. Before putting all the
substrates into the glass container, put first 1 teaspoonful of salt.
Transfer the combined extracts to the sprayer and apply as
insecticides.
How?
1.) Get three pairs of plants, (6 in all for 3 testing)
2.) Label the first plant A and the other one B. Plant A, stand
for the plant that will be sprayed with the garlic and lemon
extract insecticide, and the B will stand for the plant that will be
sprayed by the commercialized pesticide.
3.) Observe.

OBSERVATION
Commercial
ized

MEA
N

Interpretat
ion

Created
Product

Product

Plant A

Plant A

MEA
N

Interpretati
on

(
)

Plant B

Plant B

(
)

Plant C

Plant C

(
)

Total

Total

Average
mean

Average
mean

LEGEND:

4.50-6.0

Very Effective

V.E

3.50-4.49

Effective

2.50-3.49

Convincing

1.50-2.49

Less Effective

L.E

0.25-1.49

Not Effective

N.E

Investig
atory
Project
By: Julia Jubac