NEBOSH National General Certificate NGC1 Mock Examination PapersINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK NGCI Workbook 2013 44Mock Exam 1 — NGC1 ~ The Management of Safety and Health 1, An employer has several general and specific duties under Section 2 of the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 that are qualified by the phrase ‘so far as is reasonably practicable’ (2) Explain, using a practical example, the meaning of the term ‘so far as is reasonably practicable’ (4) (b) Describe the general duty of the employer under Section 2(1) (2) | Giving a workplace example of EACH, state the FIVE specific duties of the employer under Section 2(2) (10) (d) Name the courts tnat can hear a prosecution for breaches of Section 2 if the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 AND state the penalties that can be imposed if the prosecution is successful. (4) 2, Outline reasons for maintaining good health and safety within an organisation (8) 3. Outline the factors that should be considered when developing a safe system of work @) 4. (a) Give TWO reasons why visitors to a workplace might be at greater risk of injury than an employee. @) () Outline measures to be taken to ensure the H&S of visitors to the workplace. ©) 5 With respect to the ‘Statement of Intent section of a health and safety policy: (2) Explain its purpose, @) (b) Outline the issues that may be addressed in this section of the H&S policy. 6) 6. An employee was seriously injured in an accident at work whilst operating an item of work equipment. Identify the documented information that might be used by the employer (or their insurers) to defend a civil action. (@) 7. (a) _ Identify FOUR types of health and safety information that might usefully be displayed ‘on a notice board within a workplace 4) (b) Explain how the effectiveness of notice boards as a means of communicating health and safety information to the workforce can be maximised (4) 8, Outline the strengths AND weaknesses of using a checklist to complete a health and safety inspection of a workplace. (8) 8. (@) Define the meaning of the term ‘young person’ as used in H&S legislation. 2) (b) Outline the factors to be taken into account when undertaking a risk assessment on young persons who are to be employed in the workplace. 6) 10. Outline the content of an induction training programme for new employees designed to reduce the risk of accidents. (8) 11, State the powers given to health and safety enforcement officers appointed under the Health and Safety at Work ete Act 1974, 8) NGCI Workbook 2013 45Mock Exam 2— NGC4 - The Management of Safety and Health Anealth and safety inspection has been carried out on one of a company’s workshops. The inspection has found a number of unsafe conditions and practices and some positive issues (2) _ In addition to the date and time the inspection was carried out, state other issues that should also be included in the report to enable management to make an informed decision on possible remedial action to be taken. (12) (b) Explain how the report should be structured and presented in order to make it more effective and to increase the likelihood of action being taken by management. 8) 2. An employer has a common law duty of care for the health, safety and welfare of their (8) employees. Giving an example in EACH case, identify what the employer must provide in ‘order to fulfil this common law duty of care. 3. State the circumstances that may give rise to a need for a H&S policy to be reviewed (8) 4. Anemployee broke their arm when they fell down a fight of stars at work while carrying a box of letters to the mail room (a) State the requirements for reporting the accident to the enforcing authority AND; (2) (b) Give the information that should be contained in the accident report (6) 5. _ Non compliance with safety procedures by employees has been identified as a possible cause of serious accident. Outline reasons why the safety procedures may not have been followed, (8) 6. _ Representatives of employee safety (ROES) can be elected to represent employees under the Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996, (a) _ State the criteria that would help determine the appropriate number of representatives of employee safety in a workplace; (4) {b) Outline the entitlements of ROES elected under the regulations (4) 7. Outline the practical means by which a manager could involve employees in the improvement of health and safety in the workplace (8) 8 With respect to the management of risk within the workplace: (2) _ Explain the meaning of the term ‘hierarchy of control (2) (b) Outline, with examples, the standard hierarchy that should be applied with respect to controlling health and safety risks in the workplace. 6) 9. Name and describe FOUR classes of safety sign prescribed by the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996. 8) 10. Outline the content of an induction training programme for new employees designed to reduce the risk of accidents. (@) Identify work activites that may present a particular risk to pregnant women at work giving ‘an example of EACH type of activity (6) (b) Outline the actions that an employer may take when a risk to a new or expectant mother cannot be avoided. (2) 11, State FOUR possible drect AND FOUR possible indirect costs to an organisation following a serious accident at work. (8) NGCI_ Workbook 2013 46Mock Exam 3 ~ NGC1 ~The Management of Safety and Health '. (a) With reference to HSG48 ‘reducing error and influencing behaviour, using practical examples, define the terms ‘error and ‘violation’ 4) (©) Identify individual factors that may contribute to human error. (6) | Outline ways of reducing the likelihood of human error in the workplace (10) 2. Outline the contents of a typical permit-to-work. (8) 3. (@) Identify the ‘ive’ steps involved in the assessment of risk from workplace activities (as described in HSE’s “Five steps to risk assessment’ (INDG 163)). (5) (b) State the legal requirements for recording the significant findings of the assessment of risk identified in (2) @) 4. (a) Explain the meaning of the phrase ‘so far as is reasonably practicable’. (2) () State the general and specific duties of employers under section 2 of the Health and Sofety at Work ete Act 1974 ©) 5. (a) Identity FOUR types of emergency procedure that a company might need to have in place. (4) (b) Explain why visitors to a workplace should be informed of its emergency procedures. (4) 6 (a) Outline the legal requirements whereby employers must prepare a writen statement of their health and safety policy (2) (b) Identify Six categories of persons who may be shown in the ‘organisation’ section of a health and safety policy AND state their general or specific heaith and safety responsibilties. 6) 7. (a) _ State THREE occupational ciseases reportable under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases ‘and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1996. @) (b) Outline the legal requirements for reporting an occupational disease. 5) & (a) _ Identify the possible defences to a civil law claim of negligence. (6) (©) State the circumstances in which an employer may be held vicariously ible ina civilclaim. (2) 9. (a) Explain, using an example, the meaning of the term isk 6) {b) Outline the factors that should be considered when selecting individuals to assist in carrying out risk essessments inthe workplace 6) 10. (a) _ Explain the diference between consulting and informing: 2 (&) Outline the ways in which an employer can consult wth the workforce; 2 (b) Outline the health and safety matters on which employers must consult their employees. 4 11. Identify EIGHT measures that can be used to monitor an organisation's health and safety performance. (@) NGC1 Workbook 2013 47Mock Exam 4 ~ NGC1 - The Management of Safety and Health During a routine visit a health and safety enforcement officer has discovered an unguarded lift shaft, left by a contractor, whilst working on an employer's premises. (2) State the powers given to the enforcement officer under the Health and Safety at Work ete Act 1974 (10) (b) Outline the breaches of the Health & Safety at Work etc Act 1974 by. (the employer, ” (i) the person (contractor) carrying out repairs to the tin @) 2. An organisation can monitor its health and safety performance using a variety of means. (2) Identify FOUR active monitoring methods. (4) (b) Identify FOUR reactive monitoring methods. “4 3. With reference to the Confined Spaces Regulations 1997: (2) Define the meaning of ‘confined space’, giving TWO workplace examples; (4) (b) State FOUR ‘specified risks’ that may arise from work in a confined space 4 4, Identify external influences that may affect H&S management within an organisation (8) 5. (2) _ Explain the purpose of the ‘statement of intent’ section of a health and safety policy; (2) (b) Outline the citcumstances that would require @ H&S policy to be reviewed. (6) 6. Outline the factors that may increase risks to persons who are required to work on their ‘own away from the workplace. (8) 7. (@) Explain the meaning of the term heaith and safety ‘audit 2) (©) Outline the issues that need to be considered at the planning stage of the audit (4) | State TWO methods of gathering information during an aut. (2) 8 Give reasons why employers should keep records of accidents and work-related illhealth. (8) 9. (a) Outline, giving an example in EACH case, the meaning of the following terms. Hazard (2) Risk @) (b) Give THREE reasons why hazards may not be obvious to someone exposed to them. (3) 10. (a) Outline the typical responsibilities of a managing director in relation to the health and safety policy 4 (b) Outline the possible breaches of the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 if a managing director neglects his/her legal responsibilities in relation to the H&S policy (4) 11. Identify EIGHT sources of information that might usefully be consulted when developing 2 safe system of work. (8) NGC1 Workbook 2013 48Mock Exam 5 ~ NGC1 - The Management of Safety and Health 41. Acar maintenance workshop located adjacent to a river was flooded. Repairs were needed to structural steelwork, garage pits and basements, electrical equipment and flammable stores (a) Identify FOUR emergencies that may occur during repair. (4) (©) Outline why emergency procedures are needed, (8) | Identify FOUR types of permit that may be required to undertake repairs, AND outline a relevant task that requires EACH of the speciied permits. @) 2. Outline ways in which the H&S culture of an organisation might be improved. (8) 3. Anew process has been introduced into a workplace. Operators, supervisors and ‘managers have received information/training on a safe system of work associated with the process. (2) Outline how provision of information and training for the employee contributes to controlling and reducing risks, (4) (©) Identify FOUR benefits to an employer of providing information and training (4) 4. _Invelation to risk assessment undertaken to comply with the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1889: (2) Outline the criteria that will determine whether itis ‘suitable & sufficient. @) (b) Outline TWO ‘significant findings’ that should be recorded. 2) | Identify THREE groups of workers who might be especialy at risk 3) 5. Describe FOUR active (proactive) monitoring methods that can be used in assessing the heatth and safety performance of an organisation (8) 6. In order to meet a production deadline, a supervisor instructed an employee to operate a machine, which they both knew to be defective. Giving reasons in EACH case, identify possible breaches of the Health and Safely at Work etc Act 1974 in relation to this scenario. (8) 7. Outline 4 external AND 4 internal infuences that might initiate a H&S policy review (8) 8. With respect to section 6 of the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974, outline the general Guties of designers, importers, manufacturers and suppliers of articles and substances for use at work to ensure that they are safe and without risk to health (8) 8. _ Identity the questions that might be included on a checklist to gether information following an accident involving slips, tris and falls (8) 10. (a) State the legal requirements whereby employers must prepare a written statement of their health and safety policy 2) (&) Identify the purposes of EACH of the following sections of a hs policy document: (i) ‘statement of intent’ @) (ii) ‘organisation’; (2) (ii) ‘arrangements’ @ 11. List the documents that are likely to be examined during a health and safety audit @ NGC1 Workbook 2013 4910. "1 Mock Exam 6 - NGC1 - The Management of Safety and Health (2) Explain the meaning of the term ‘health and safety audit (b) Outline the differences between health and safety ‘audits’ and ‘workplace inspections’, * || Identfy issues to be considered when compiling an action plan on completion of a ‘workplace inspection. ‘An employee has suffered a fatal injury at work: (a) _ Outline the procedure for reporting the accident to the enforcing authority, (b) State who should be informed of the accident, other than the enforcing authority (a) _ Identity FOUR ‘persona’ factors that may place young persons at greater risk from workplace hazards, (b) Outline FOUR measures that would reduce the risk to young persons in the workplace. Outline the purpose and legal status of existing: (a) _ health and safety regulations; () Health and Safety Commission (HSC) Approved Codes of Practice; | Health and Safety Executive (HSE) guidance. List 8 possible costs to an organisation when employees are absent due to work-related il. health, (2) Outline the purpose and general content of the THREE main sections of a health and safety policy. (©) Explain why the health and safety policy should be signed by the most senior person in an organisation, such as a Managing Director or Chief Executive. In relation to a sate system of work, outline the factors that might influence the choice of risk control measures. Identify the factors that might cause a positive health and safety culture in an organisation to deciine, (2) Outline FOUR reasons why an organisation should have a system for the internal reporting of accidents. s\ teen” Ce yew" atlas Lo @) (10) (8) (4) (4) (4) (4) (3) 3) (2) (8) 6) (2) (8) (8) ca [avely, tok 1 (2) _Ieentty FOUR reasons uhieslayees may fal to report accidents at work. Tay puny Outline the factors to consider when making an assessment of first-aid provision in @ workplace List the factors that could be considered when assessing the health and safety competence of @ contractor. NGCI Workbook 2013 50 @) @)NEBOSH National General Certificate NGC1 Mock Examination AnswersINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK NGC1 Workbook 2013 82Mock Exam 1 Answers - NGC1 ~ The Management of Safety and Health 1, Anemployer has several general and specific duties under Section 2 of the Health and Safety at Work ‘te Act 1974 that are qualified by the phrase ‘so far as is reasonably practicable’ (a) Explain, using a practical example, the meaning of the term ‘so far as is reasonably practicable’ a (0) Describe the general duty of the employer under Section 2(1) 2 | Giving a workplace example of EACH, state the FIVE specific duties of the employer under Section 2(2) (70) (@) Name the courts that can hear a prosecution for breaches of Section 2 if the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 AND state the penalties that cen be imposed if the prosecution is successful “4 (a) + The balance of risk against cost in terms of time, trouble, effort, inconvenience and money. ‘+ Ifthe risk was found to be significant and the cost manageable, then action would need to be taken, but if the opposite were the case, no action would be necessary (b) + The general duty of the employer to ensure (so far as is reasonably practicable) the health, safety and welfare of his employees. | «Duties of an employer under Section 2(2) © provide safe plant and systems of work; © toensure safety in the use, handling, storage and transport of articles and substance to provide information, instruction, training and supervision to maintain a safe workplace (including access and egress) to provide @ safe working environment and one free from risks to health. Examples are required to gain full marks ooo () + Approsecution for a breach of Section 2, if tried summarily, would be heard ina Magistrates Court where the maximum penalty that could be imposed would be a fine of £20,000. ‘+ Ifthe case was tried on indictment, it would be heard in the Crown Court where the amount of the fine that could be imposed was unlimited, 2. Outline reasons for maintaining good health and safety within an organisation. (8) + Moral © the need to provide a reasonable standard of care © to reduce the injuries, pain and suffering caused to employees by accidents and by ilkhealth + Lega © compliance with the law © avoid enforcement action © avoid civil claims. + Economic: © @ more highly motivated workforce resutting in an improvement in the rate of production and Product quality; © the avoidance of costs associated with accident investigations; ©. the avoidance of costs associated with accidents such as the hiring or training of replacement staff and the possible repair of plant and equipment, © securing more favourable terms for insurance ‘© maintaining the image and reputation of the organisation with its various stakeholders, 3. Outline the factors that should be considered when developing a safe system of work. @ ‘+ The details ofthe task or activity to be performed (as provided by a job safety analysis); NGC1 Workbook 2013 63+ their involvement in the operation of hazardous equipment; * their possible exposure to toxic, carcinogenic end other listed agents; ‘+ work which might cause risks to their health from exposure to noise and/or extremes of temperature, vibration or pressure; * their hours of work and the level of supervision that would be required. 10. Outline the content of an induction training programme for new employees designed to reduce the risk of accidents, (6) The company safety policy emergency procedures hazards specific to the workplace the employees’ individul health and safety responsibilities, accident reporting procedures first aid arrangements safe systems of work to be followed requirements for the use of PPE general site rules on matters such as smoking and alcohol and drugs misuse Procedures for reporting defects or potential hazards and the name of the responsible person to whom the report should be made arrangements within the organisation for consultation with its employees + the disciplinary measures that could be invoked for non compliance with set rules and procedures. 11, State the powers given to health and safety enforcement officers appointed under the Health and Safely at Work etc Act 1974 @) ‘+ the right to enter premises, itnecessary by enlisting the assistance of a police officer: + tocarry out examinations and investigations; + to direct that premises or equipment be left undisturbed for the purpose of investigations: + to take measurements and photographs; * toinspect andlor take copies of documents and records; + to take samples; + to require a person to answer questions and sign a dectaration ofthe truth of his/her answers; * to take possession of articles and substances; * toissue enforcement notices; ‘(except in Scotland) to instigate and conduct proceedings in a Magistates court NGCI Workbook 2013 56Es Mock Exam 2 Answers - NGC1 ~ The Management of Safety and Health 1. Ahealth and safety inspection has been carried out on one of a company’s workshops. The Inspection has found a number of unsafe conditions and practices and some positive issues (2) In addition to the date and time the inspection was carried out, state other issues that should also be included in the report fo enable management io make an informed decision on possible remedial action to be taken. (12) (b) Explain how the report should be structured and presented in order to make it more effective and to increase the likelihood of action being taken by management. (3) (2) * details of the person carrying out the inspection; * the purpose and scope of the inspection including the workshops and the activities that were covered; ‘+ matters requiring urgent action with justifcation for the priority; ‘actions taken at the time of the inspection such as stopping an activity or isolating plant or equipment; * details of potential breaches of health and safety legislation and the implications for possible enforcement action; a summary of previous accidents and enforcement at the premises; details of realistic remedial actions and their cost together with the benefits that might accrue ‘such as improving the health and safety culture of the organisation, the report should be well and clearly written and not contain any jargon, it should be diviced into sections with appropriate headings it should contain, preferably at the beginning, an executive summary of the key findings. an introduction detailing the scope of the inspection sections highlighting the significant risks that were found ‘an expianation of the possible breaches of legislation and their potential consequences set out a draft plan for remedial action with a suggested timescale for completion finally summarise concisely the conclusions and recommendations ‘appendices might be added if they were thought to be relevant and helpful (o) 2, An employer has a common law duty of care for the health, safety and welfare of their (@) ‘employees. Giving an example in EACH case, identify what the employer must provide in ‘order to fulfil this common law duty of care. the provision of a safe place of work, safe means of access and egress to the place of work safe systems of work safe plant and equipment reasonably competent fellow employees adequate levels of supervision information, instruction and training To obtain full marks relevant examples are required. 3. State the circumstances that may give rise to a need to review a H&S policy. (8) significant changes in the structure of the organisation; after the introduction of new or changed processes or work methods; following changes in key personnel following changes in legistation; where aucits, risk assessments, monitoring exercises or investigations show that the policy is no longer effective or relevant; ‘+ following enforcement action; + after a sufficient period of time has elapsed since the previous review to suggest that another one is due. NGC1 Workbook 2013 874. An employee broke their arm when they fell down a fight of stars at work white carrying a box of letters to the mail room: (a) _ state the requirements for reporting the accident to the enforcing authority @) (b) AND give the information that should be contained in the accident report. 0 (2) Since this was major injury, the responsible person should notify the enforcing authority (b) by the quickest practicable means (usually telephone, fax or emai) and then make a report within ten days of the accident on the approved form (F2508) or by other approved means 9. contact with the Incident Contact Centre. the name and job title of the person making the report the name and address of his/her organisation; the location of the accident and the date and time that it happened; details ofthe injured person including his/her name, address, age and telephone number, the nature and type of injury sustained; the cause of the accident, for example falling down stairs; € description of the accident and the measures taken to prevent a recurrence. 5. Non compliance with safety procedures by employees has been identified as one of the possible causes of a serious accident at work. Outline reasons why the safety procedures may not have been folowed. (8) 6 Re Hee fa) (b) (a) (b) inadequate resources whether of tools, equipment or employees; unrealistic or il-considered procedures; lack of adequate information and training and a perceived lack of consultation; poor safety culture within the organisation; fatigue, iliness and stress; lack of concentration because of boredom and repetitive work tasks; oor working conditions; mental and/or physical capabilities not taken into account; inadequate supervision; peer group pressure; a failure to recognise risks and ultimately a wilful disregard of the safety procedures. presentatives of employee safety can be elected to represent employees under the alth and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996. state the criteria that would help determine the appropriate number of representatives of employee safety in a workplace; 4 outline the entitlements of representatives of employee safety elected under the Regulations (4) the size of the workplace and/or the number of locations; the total number of employees; the type of work activity with particular reference to the risks involved; the variety of occupations at the workplace; the operation of shift patterns and the areas which might not be covered by trade union consultation provided with reasonable facilities and assistance; being given time off with pay for training and to enable them to carry out their functions; to make representation to the employer on hazards and general matters of health and safety; + to be provided with the information necessary to enable them to carry out their functions such as that contained in records kept under the requirements of RIDDOR; + to be given the facilty to represent employees in consultation with inspectors. 7. Outline the practical means by which a manager could involve employees in the improvement of health and safety in the workplace (8) involving employees in risk assessments, accident investigations and the development of safe systems and procedures; encouraging hazard spotting and the reporting of defects; setting up suggestion schemes; NGCI Workbook 2013 58organising training courses and information programmes: Supporting active involvement in safety committee meetings; being accompanied by employees or their representatives on safety tours and inspections; giving employees responsibilities for mentoring young and inexperienced workers. 8 With respect to the management of risk within the workplace: (@) Explain the meaning ofthe term ‘hierarchy of control. @ () Outline, with examples, the standard hierarchy that should be applied with respect to ‘controling health and safety risks in the workplace. (6) (2) + alist of measures designed to control risks which are considered in order of importance, effectiveness or priority or measures designed to control risk that normally begin with an extreme measure of control and end with PPE as a last resor. (0) * the possibilty of eliminating the risks either by designing them out or changing the process ‘+ the reduction of the risks e.g, substitution of hazardous substances with others which were less hazardous + isolation, using enclosures, barriers or worker segregation * engineering controls such as guarding, the provision of local exhaust ventilation systems, the use of reduced voltage systems or residual current devices * the final control measure being the provision of PPE such as ear defenders or respiratory Protective equipment. 9. Name and describe FOUR classes of safety sign prescribed by the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 7996. 6 A lst of 5 is given in Schedule 1 (Par Il) of the Regs. Prohibition, Warning Mandatory Emergency escape, firstaid or safety information Fire fighting Fora description, you should identify both shape and colour (background and, where appropriate, border) of each class of sign. (Labelled sketches could be of help) 10. Outline the content of an induction training programme for new employees designed to reduce the risk of accidents. (2) Identify work activities that may present a particular risk to pregnant women at work giving ‘an example of EACH type of activity. 6) (®) Outline the actions that an employer may take when a risk to @ new or expectant mother ‘cannot be avoided. @ (a) * manual handling: ‘+ tasks involving long periods of standing or sitting: * work involving exposure to biological agents or chemical substances that might affect the unborn child or pregnant/aursing mother; ‘+ work in hyperbaric atmospheres; ‘+ tasks involving exposure to ionising radiation; = unusually stressful work Examples were required e.g. a radiographer in the case of exposure to ionising radiation and a shop assistant when itemising work involving long periods of standing. (b)* changing the working conditions or hours or work of the employees * offering them suitable alternative work ‘+ suspending them from work for as long as necessary on full pay. NGCI Workbook 2013, 5911. State FOUR possible direct AND FOUR possible indirect costs to an organisation following a serious accident at work, (8) * Direct: © lest production; ©. staff absence; ©. repair of damaged plant and equipment; © damage to products; © an increase in insurance premiums; © fines; © uninsured costs arising from legal action, criminal or civil, including legel costs. + Indirect: time taken in investigating the accident and the preparation of the necessary reports; © the temporary replacement or re-training of staff, © the possible ioss of goodwill or business image; © the detrimental effect on employee morale that may result in reduced efficiency. NGC1 Workbook 2013 60Mock Exam 3 Answers ~ NGC1 - The Management of Safety and Health 1 (a) With reference to HSG48 ‘reducing error and influencing behaviour’, using practical examples, define the terms ‘error’ and Violation’ (4) (0) Identify individual factors that may contribute to human error. (Ol) | Outline ways of reducing the likelihood of human error in the workplace. (10) (2) + Anerroris an action or decision that was not intended, which involved a deviation from an ‘2ccepted standard and which led to an undesirable outcome. + Aviolation is @ deliberate and intentional action or deviation from an acceptable standard, age andlor past experience; language problems or poor communication skils; perception of risk; physical capabilities or disabilties; ‘mental capability, sensory defects; attitude and aptitude; lack of motivation; stress, fatigue or illness and the effects of drugs or alcohol, use of skilled, competent and property trained employees; ensuring employees are well motivated; avoiding monotonous work processes and arranging breaks to counter fatigue; designating clear roles and lines of responsibilty and ensuring adequate leve's of supervision; establishing good lines of communication with the workforce and ensuring the clarity of instructions and information passed on to them, addressing workplace environmental issues such as noise, light and heat, + designing the workplace and work equipment to reduce the opportunity for error such as the use of automation; ‘+ the implementation of policies on alcohol and drugs. (b) 2. Outline the contents of a typicel permit-to-work. (8) + description and assessment ofthe task to be performed including the plant involved, its location and the possible hazards associated with the task ~ this will determine the need for, and nature of, other relevant contents; ++ the isolation of sources of energy and inlets, + the additonal precautions required e.g, © atmospheric monitoring © the provision and use of PPE 0. emergency procedures and equipment ‘+ the duration of the permit * signatures of issued by an authorised person and accepted by the competent person responsible for the work ‘+ a means on completion of the work, for the competent person to indicate on the permit that the area had been made safe in order for the permit to be cancelled by the authorised person, after which isolations could be removed. 3. (a) Identify the ‘ive’ steps involved in the assessment of risk from workplace activities (as described in HSE's “Five steps to risk assessment” (INDG 163) 6) (b) State the legal requirements for recording the significant findings of the assessment of tisk identified in (a). 3) (a) * identifying the hazards associated with the activities and tasks performed at the workplace; * identifying who might be harmed (including operators, maintenance staff, cleaners, visitors etc); * evaluating the likelincod and probable severity of the harm that might be caused and NGCI Workbook 2013 61assessing the adequacy of existing control measures; ‘recording the significant findings of the assessment; * carrying out a review at a later date and revising the findings when necessary. (©) + Regulation 3 of tne Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 which leys @ duty on an employer, who employs five or more persons, to keep a record of the Significant findings of an assessment which should include: © details of significant hazards identified in the assessment; © details of existing control measures in place and the extent to which they control the risks; © information on the employees who might be affected by the hazards or risks including any groups identified as being especially at risk: © Information to demonstrate that the assessment was suitable and sufficient 4 (8) Explain the meaning of the phrase ‘so far as is reasonably practicable 2) (2) State the general and specific duties of employers under section 2 of the Health and Safety at Work otc Act 1974 ©) (a) _ The balance of risk against cost (in terms of time, rouble, effort, inconvenience and money) ‘A practical example would need to be given to further the explanation (b) Section 2 of the HSW Act: * 2 general duty to ensure (so fer as is reasonably practicable) the health, safety and welfare of employees * specific duties: © to provide and maintain safe plant and systems of work © to ensure the safe use, storage, handling and transport of articles & substances © 10 provide and maintain a safe workplace, including access and egress ©. the provision ofa safe working environment with adequate welfare feclties © to the provision of information, instruction, training and supervision © to prepare and revise @ health and safety policy {o consult wth employee trade union representatives and to estabiish a safety committee When required to do so, % (2) Identity FOUR types of emergency procecure tat a company might need to have in place. (4) (0) Explain viny visitors to a workplace should be informed of ts emergency procedures, a ()* evacuation in case of fre for accidents for dangerous occurrences such as a chemical spillage for @ security or intruder alert and in the event of an explosive device being discovered on site for emergencies associated with working at height (e.g. for hamess use) 0 that they could react appropriately in the event of an emergency to prevent them obstructing employees and putting them at risk the statutory obligation placed on an employer e.g. the HSW Act and the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations to provide such information to visitors + the duty of care owed under common law. (b) 8 (2) Outline the egal requirements vhereby employers must prepare a witen statement oftheir health and safety policy (2) (b) Identity SX categories of persons who may be shown in the ‘organisation’ section of a health and safety policy AND state their general or specific health and safely responsibilities. © (2) + Section 2(9) of the HSW Act applies when there is an employer ~ to have @ heaith and safety policy * There is an absolute duty laid on an employer to prepare a written statement of their health ‘and safety policy and keep it under review and bring tothe attention oftheir employees any NGC1 Workbook 2013 2(b) (b) (a) (b) (o) (a) (b) (o) (a) (b) bi¢ amendments once they employ more than four employees. directors and senior managers (setting general policy and objectives); supervisors (checking day-to-day compliance with the policy); safety advisers (advising the company on accident and compliance issues); safety representatives and representatives of employee safety (representing employees in consultation on health and safety matters with the employers) employees (responsible for their own general health and safety and that of others); fire marshals (to evacuate buildings safely in the event of an emergency); trained first aid personnel (to provide fist aid to injured persons), ‘State THREE occupational diseases reportable under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995. a (Outline the legal requirements for reporting an occupational disease. 6) asbestosis pneumoconiosis mesothelioma tetanus hand-arm vibration syndrome, ‘+ An employer is required to report an occupational disease when they receive a written ‘olification from a medical practioner that an employee is suftering from a reportable work- related disease. + The National Incident Centre/enforcing authority should be informed without delay by telephone or email and this should be foliowed by a report on F2508A within 10 days. Identify the possible defences to a civil law claim of negligence. (6) State the circumstances in which an employer may be held vicariously liable in a civil claim. (2) no duty of care was owed to the injured party that the duty was not breached the injury or loss sustained was not caused directly by the breach voluntary acceptance of the risk by the claimant (‘volenti non fit injuria’) the partial defence of contributory negligence by the injured party everything reasonable was done the harm was not reasonably foreseeable the harm was caused by an ‘act of God’. his employee was acting within the course of employment while doing so, negligently caused injury or loss to a third party. Explain, using an example, the meaning of the term tisk’ @ (Outline the factors that should be considered when selecting individuals to assist in carrying out risk assessments in the workplace. 6) ‘+ ‘hazard’ refers to the potential of something to cause harm ‘= ‘isk’ is the likelihood of that harm actually occurring together with the severity of ts consequences ‘An example to support the explanation could be “the lixeinood of someone being killed by coming into contact with electricity” ‘+ the individuals’ past experience and training in hazard identification and in carrying out risk assessments; + their experience of the process or activity carried out in the workplace and their knowledge of the plant and equipment involved; their ability to understand and interpret regulations and standards their communication skills their attitude and commitment to the task the individuals’ awareness of their own limitations, NGC1 Workbook 2013 6310. 11. (2) Explain the difference between consulting and informing; @) (b) Outline the ways in which an employer can consult with the workforce: (2) (0) Outline the H&S matters on which employers must consult their employees. «4 (2) “Informing” as @ one way process (e.g. providing information on hazards, risks and control measures) and to “consulting” as a two way process in which the employer listens to, and takes account of, the views of employees before a decision is taken, (b) + consulting directly with their employees ‘© consulting via the elected representatives of employee safety * the introduction of any measure at the workplace that may substantially affect employees’ health and safety; * the arrangements for appointing and/or nominating competent persons to assist in complying with the heaith and safety requirements; the planning and organisation of health and safety training; the health and safety implications of introducing new technology; the information that the employer is required to provide under other Regulations, such as that relating to risk assessments, preventive measures and emergency procedures. Identify EIGHT measures that can be used to monitor an organisation's health and safety performance. @) + Reactive performance measures: © accident and il-health statistics ©. incidents of reported near-misses and dangerous occurrences © actions taken by the enforcement authorities, ©. insurance claims * Proactive measures: © the results of inspections and/or environmental monitoring © the quality and extent of risk assessments, © safety audit outcomes © the results of medicavhhealth surveillance. NGC1 Workbook 2013 64Mock Exam 4 Answers - NGC‘ - The Management of Safety and Health 1. During a routine visit a health and safety enforcement officer has discovered an unguarded litt shaft, left by a contractor, whilst working on an employer's premises. (2) State the powers given to the enforcement officer under the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974. (10) () Outline the breaches of the Health & Safety at Work etc Act 1974 by: (the employer, @ (i) the person (contractor) carrying out repairs to the tin, @ the right to enter premises, f necessary by enlisting the assistance of a police officer, to carry out examinations and investigations; to direct that premises or equipment be left undisturbed for the purpose of investigations; to take measurements and photographs; to inspect andior take copies of documents and records; to take samples; torequire @ person to answer questions and sign a declaration of the truth of his/her answers; to take possession of articles and substances, ( to issue enforcement notices; (except in Scotiand) to instigate and conduct proceedings in a Magistrates court () (© Abreach of their general duty under Section 2(1) of the Health and Safety at Work etc Act to ensure so far as was reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare of all thelr employees ‘+ Under section 2(2) it could have been alleged that the employer failed to provide: © a safe place of work including safe means of access and egress; © safe plant and systems of work; ‘©. the required levels of information, instruction, training and supervision for their employees. ‘+ Under Section 3 the employer failed to ensure that persons in employment were not exposed to risks to their health and safety ‘+ Under Section 4, as someone in control of premises made available as a place of work to persons other than employees, to ensure that the premises end plant contained therein and the means of access and egress were safe and without risks to health The contractor could be said to have breached: ‘ ‘© Section 3 his duty to those not in employment ‘©. Section 8 to refrain from interfering with or misusing anything provided to secure health and safety, e.g, the enclosure or gates of the lft shaft (a) (i) 2. An organisation can monitor its health and safety performance using a variety of means. (a) Identify FOUR active monitoring methods. “4 (b) Identify FOUR reactive monitoring methods. 4 (@)_* Inspections surveys tours audits environmental monitoring health surveillance benchmarking against the performance of other like organisations, accident and ill-health statistics incidents of reported near-misses and dangerous occurrences; property damage; *_ actions taken by the enforcement authorities; NGCI Workbook 2013 (b) 65* the number of insurance claims; ‘+ the costs involved in all the above 3. With reference to the Confined Spaces Regulations 1997: (a) Define the meaning of ‘confined space’, giving TWO workplace examples; (4) (0) State FOUR ‘specified risks’ that may arise from work in a confined space “4 (@)_* A’confined space’ as any space, which by virtue of its enclosed nature, presents 2 reasonably foreseeable specified risk Examples: chambers, tanks, vats, silos, pits, trenches, pipes, sewers, flues and wells. serious injury due to fire or explosion from flammable substances such as methane, leaks from adjoining plant, or oxygen enrichment; ‘+ loss of consciousness due to rise in body temperature (from boilers, furnaces or physical labour); * loss of consciousness/asphyxiation caused by presence of gas, fume or vapour, loss of consciousness or asphyxiation from lack of oxygen; drowning due to increase in the level of liquid and asphyxiation due to a free-flowing solid such as coal dust, grain or sand ©) 4. Identify external influences that may affect health and safety management within an ‘organisation @) + bodies that are involved in framing legislation (EU organisations, Parliament and HSC) * those charged with its enforcement (HSE, local authorities and fire authorities) ‘* standard-setting bodies (BSI, CEN, ISO); * the courts by making decisions on legal compliance and levels of duty and imposing penalties or awarding damages where duties are not fulfilled: trade associations by providing advice on industry norms and good practice; trade unions by providing information and support to members including safety representatives on the standards that should be expected; insurance companies by placing conditional requirements on employers: professional bodies and various pressure and campaigning groups (such as ROSPA and !OSH) by raising awareness of health and safety issues and by setting standards of professional competence * damage done to image as far as their customers, the media and the public are concerned by an unsatisfactory H&S performance. 5. (a) Explain the purpose of the ‘statement of intent’ section of @ health and safety policy; @ () Outline the circumstances that would require a health and safely policy to be reviewed. (6) (a) The “statement of intent" section of a policy should demonstrate management's ‘commitment to health and safety and set goals and objectives for the organisation. (b) * significant changes in the structure of the organisation or alterations to working arrangements; after the introduction of new or changed processes or work methods: following changes in key personnel following changes in legislation; where risk assessments, monitoring exercises or accident investigations show that the Policy is no longer effective or relevant, following enforcement action; after a sufficient period of time has elapsed since the previous review to suggest that another one is due. 1 Workbook 2013 66 Outline the factors that may increase risks to persons who are required fo work on their ‘own away from the workplace. (8) the work to be done and its attendant hazards and risks, the equipment to be the competence, training and suitability of the persons involved a failure to provide the appropriate equipment and/or materials, the provision or even absence of PPE such as eye and hearing protection inadequate methods of communication with the home base lack of immediate supervision a lack of security with the potential for violence an absence of adequate welfare facilities and emergency and first-aid procedures. 7. (@) Explain the meaning of the term health and safety ‘audit. 2) (6) Outline the issues that need to be considered at the planning stage of the audit. 4 (6) State TWO methods of gathering information during an audi. @ (@) An auditis a systematic critical examination of a health and safety management system, Involving a structured process for the collection of independent information with the aim of assessing the effectiveness and reliabilty of the system and suggesting corrective action when this was thought to be necessary. (>) * the selection of a competent audit team independent of the area to be audited; deciding on the objectives and scope of the audit; developing audit questionnaires and checklists and agreeing on relevant guidance and standards that would be applied allocating resources; agreeing timescales deciding on methods of feedback. interviewing reviewing and assessing written procedures workplace observations to assess compliance with H&S standards/guidance. © 8 Give reasons why employers should keep records of accidents at work and work-related il health, @) ‘+ to comply with legislative requirements such as those of RIDDOR, COSHH, and the Social Security Act; + to assist with the investigation of an accident with the aim of preventing accidents of a similar type: to monitor accidentill health trends, to provide a useful aid in the review of risk assessments and to inform control strategies; to assist in the consideration of any civil claims that may arise; to provide information for the costing of accidents and ill-health and to provide a useful measure in monitoring health and safety performance within an organisation 8. (2) Outline, giving an example in EACH case, the meaning of the following terms. Hazard (2) Risk (3) (0) Give 3 reasons why hazards may not be obvious to someone exposed to them. a) (2) * A*hazard” - something with the potentiel to cause harm + A"tisk’ - the probabilitylikelinood that an unwanted event will occur and the possible severity in terms of injury or damage should it occur. Relevant examples would be required to obtain full marks (b) © over-familiarity * lack of experience particularly in the case of young persons * sensory impairment NGC1 Workbook 2013 6710. (a) (b) (a) (b) * lack of attention arising from the routine or repetitive nature of the task being undertaken * warning alarms being masked by noise or the wearing of personal protective equipment + inadequate training, information and instruction * the invisible nature of the hazard, such as that arising from exposure to biological agents, gases and radiation + hazards where there is no obvious short term effect such as occurs in work related upper limb disorders. Outline the typical responsibilities of a managing director in relation to the health and safety policy 4 Outline the possible breaches of the Health and Safety at Work ete Act 1974 if a ‘managing director neglects his/her legal responsibilties in relation to the health and safety policy 4 ‘+ The managing director wil © Need to ensure that key functions such as health and safety monitoring and audit, accident investigation and training for health and safety are included in the organisational structure; Nees to ensure that adequate resources are provided to facilitate the organisational structure and to oversee the production of various health and safety arrangements Such as rules, procedures and arrangements for the welfare of employees © Willhave the responsibility of reviewing the policy at regular intervals and updating it when the review shows that this might be necessary. * Be in breach of Section 2(3) of the Health and Safely at Work ete Act for falling to Prepare, review and update a policy for health and safety and to bring it to the notice of the employees * Under Section 37, the managing director might also be guilty since the offence by the ‘company was carried out with his/her consent and connivance. * As an employee the MD could also possibly be in breach of Section 7 for failing to ‘cooperate to enable compliance with a duty placed upon the employer. 11, Identify EIGHT sources of information that might usefully be consulted when developing a ‘safe system of work. () Statutory instruments ACoPs HSE guidance Manufacturers’ information European and other official standards Industry or trade literature Results of risk assessments, Accident statistics and health/medical surveillance records The results of consultation with the employees involved Maintenance records Enforcement agencies and other experts. NGC1 Workbook 2013 68Mock Exam 5 Answers - NGC‘ — The Management of Safety and Health 1, Acar maintenance workshop located adjacent to @ ver was flooded. Repairs were needed io structural steelwork, garage pits and basements, electrical equipment and flammable stores (a) Identity FOUR emergencies that may occur during repair. “ (®) Outline why emergency procedures are needed. (8) (©) Identify FOUR types of permit that may be required to undertake repairs, AND outline a relevant task that requires EACH of the specified permits. (8) (a) * fire and explosion from the stored flammable liquids and gases; * incidents arising from the movement of vehicies, ‘+ falls from height and/or fais of materials during repair of the steelwork; ‘+ electrocution or electrical burns from contact with electrical equipment, + falls into the river or into the flooded inspection pits; + asphyxiation as a result of the lack of oxygen in the basement areas or pits; + environmental contamination * the possibilty of repeat flooding of the premises. + Legal © To.comply with statutory requirements such as those of the Health and Safety at Work Act, 1974, Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 and Dangerous ‘Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002 + Economic: © To provide for the continuation of the business, + Toallocate responsibilities to particular individuals for providing first aid and for overseeing evacuation in the event of fre; To provide alarm systems to alert employees and visitors of an impending emergency To secure assistance from emergency and rescue services if this was required; ‘To ensure isolation of services such as gas, electricity and water, To shut down machinery to minimise the effect of the emergency, To provide training to employees and contractors to ensure the safe and controlled evacuation of the premises in the event of an emergency occurring. ‘confined space permit to control entry into the garage basement or inspection pits; an electrical permit for electrical testing or work on live electrical installations; 2 hot work permit for structural repairs involving welding, burning or grinding: a crane permit to control the lifting and replacement of damaged steel work. (b) ©) 2 Outline ways in which the H&S culture of an organisation might be improved. ) establishing and implementing @ sound health and safety policy; ‘securing the commitment of management and ensuring that they led by example; involving and consulting with employees on matters affecting their health and safety, providing effective supervision and training; the organisation being seen to give equal priority to health and safety issues as other business objectives (such as production and quality); establishing effective means of communication with the workforce; being seen to be consistent in their management decisions, providing a pleasant working environment with good welfare facilities; introducing incentive schemes to increase employee interest and involvement. 3. Anew process has been introduced into @ workplace, Operators, supervisors and managers have received information end training on a SSoW associated with the process, (@) Outline how provision of information and training for the employee contributes to controling and reducing risks. a (b) Identify 4 benefits to an employer of providing information and training, 4) (a) _* The provision of information and training for employees on the safe system of work associated with a new process will develop awareness and understanding of the specific NGC1 Workbook 2013 68() hazards and risks related to the task; ©. Inform employees of the control measures that should be put in place; © assist them to identity shortcomings that may exist in the proposed system: © assist in overcoming resistance to change and confirm a better understanding through two way communication it will assist in improving the employees’ general awareness of health end safety issues satisfying statutory obligations under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1989; * Securing a reduction in accident frequency and severity and a consequent reduction in injury and il health related absence; * ensuring a reduction in the possibilty of enforcement action being taken: * a reduction in claims and subsequent in insurance premiums; ‘+ improving the safety culture of the organisation which will aid in improving staff morale and retention, 4. Inrelation to a risk assessment undertaken to comply with the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999. (a) (b) () (a) (b) (c) Outline the criteria that will determine whether itis ‘suitable and sufficient: 3 Outline TWO ‘significant findings’ that should be recorded. @ Identity THREE groups of workers who might be especially at risk a ‘+ should identity all significant hazards and risks arising from or connected with the activity to be carried out *+ identity all the persons at risk including employees, other workers and members of the public + evaluate the adequacy and effectiveness of existing control measures and identify other protective measures that may be required enable priorities to be set bbe appropriate to the nature of the work be valid over a reasonable period of time an effective statement of the hazard and risk; details of the preventative, protective or control measures in piace; further measures to be taken to achieve a sufficient reduction in the risk Proof that a suitable and sufficient assessment has been made young or inexperience workers ew and expectant and nursing mothers disabled workers night workers home and lone workers. 5. Describe FOUR active (proactive) monitoring methods that can be used in assessing the health and safety performance of an organisation. @ Active Safety Audits involving comprehensive and independently executed examinations of all aspects of an organisation's health & safety performance against stated objectives ‘Safety surveys focusing on a particular activity such as manual handling, training programmes and employees’ attitudes towards health and safety Sampling where specific areas of occupational health and safety are targeted Tours involving unscheduled workplace inspections to check on issues such as wearing of PPE and housekeeping Benchmarking where an organisation's performance in certain areas is compared with that of other organisations with similar processes and risks Health surveillance using techniques such as audiometry, Reactive NGCI Workbook Analysis of statistics on accidents, dangerous occurrences, near misses and cases of ‘occupational il-heaith 2013 70+ Assessment of the cost ofthese incidents including damage to property ‘+ The number of enforcement actions such as prosecutions and notices taken against the organisation + The number of civil claims for damages pursued on behalf ofits employees. 6. In order to meet a production deadline, a supervisor instructed an employee to operate @ ‘machine, which they both knew to be defective. Giving reasons in EACH case, identify possible breaches of the Health and Safety at Work ‘ete Act 1974 in relation to this scenario, @ ‘+ Abreach of HSWA for failing in the: © the provision and maintenance of safe plant and equipment (section 2(2)(a)) provision of adequate supervision (section 2(2)(c)) failure to take reasonable care for their own safety and that of others (section 7) to refrain from wituily misusing equipment (section 8) fact that the supervisor may be liable for instructing the employee to operate a defective machine (section 36) fact that senior management knew about and consented to the practice (section 37) 7, Outline FOUR external AND FOUR internal influences that might initiate a health and safety policy review @ © External (©. changes in legislation and guidance, © enforcement action, ©. advice from an insurance company, © information from manufacturers © asa result of an audit by an external body, + Internal: ‘significant changes in the structure of the organisation © alterations to working arrangements © after the introduction of new or changed processes or work methods: © following changes in key personnel © where risk assessments, monitoring exercises ar accident investigations show that the policy is no longer effective or relevant following consultation with employees after a sufficient period of time has elapsed since the previous review to suggest that another one is due. & With respect to section 6 of the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974, outline the general duties of designers, importers, manufacturers and suppliers of articles and substances for use ‘at work to ensure that they are safe and without risk to health 0) ‘+ To ensure so far as is reasonably practicable: that aticles are designed and constructed to be safe and without risk to health at all times when they are being set, cleaned, used and maintained © that substances are safe and without risk to health when being used, handled, stored or transported ©. testing and examination must be carried out to ensure the required level of safety and freedom from risk © providing employers with information on the safe use, dismantling and disposal ofthe articles and substances © giving revised information should a subsequent serious risk become known. * Importers have @ duty to ensure articles or substances comply with the requirements of UK legislation, NGCI Workbook 2013 n9. Identify the questions that might be included on a checklist to gather information following an accident involving sii, tris and falls @ ‘+ the personal details of the person involved; * the time and location of the accident; + the type and severity ofthe injury sustained ‘+ the task being undertaken at the time of the accident; + the working environment as far as weather, standard of lighting and visbilty were concerned: * the condition ofthe floor or grounds; ‘+ the type and condition of any personal protective equipment that was being worn: * whether the inured person had been given frst aid, had retumed to wark or had been sent to hospital, the underlying medical condition of the inured person; Getails ofthe training and information received and details of any relevant risk assessments that had been carried out, * any previous similar accidents that had occurred. 10. (a) State the legal requirements whereby employers must prepere a written statement of their health and safety policy (2) (0) Identity the purposes of EACH of the following sections of a health and safety policy document: (‘statement of intent’, (2) (ii) ‘organisation’ (2) (ii) ‘arrangements’ (2) (2) * Employers have a duty to prepare written statements of health and safety policy under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 when there are five or more empioyees and that this statement needs to be brought tothe attention of the employees. (©) * The "statement of intent’ should both demonstrate management's commitment to health and safety and set goals and objectives for the organisation. ‘+ The purpose of the section of the policy on "organisation" is to identify health and safety responsibilties within the company and ensure effective delegation and reporting lines while ‘+ The section on ‘arrangements is to set out in detail the specific systems and procedures that aim to assist in the implementation of the general poly. 11. List the documents that are likely to be examined during a heath and safety audit (8) maintenance procedures and records safety monitoring procedures accident and incident reports emergency procedures health surveillance records environmental monitoring records training records consultation arrangements with staff the company safety policy Fisk assessment NGCI Workbook 2013 721 (a) (0) () fa) (b) © Mock Exam 6 Answers - NGC‘ — The Management of Safety and Health Explain the meaning of the term ‘health and safety aucit. @ Outline the differences between health and safety ‘audits’ and workplace inspections (10). Identify issues to be considered when compiling an action plan on completion of a workplace inspection @ ‘An audit is a systematic critical examination of a health and safety management system, involving a structured process for the collection of independent information with the aim of assessing the effectiveness and reliability of the system and suggesting corrective action when this was thought to be necessary. © Anaudit © a lengthy process, involved an examination of the entire system for the management of health and safety © normally resulted in the preparation of a full and comprehensive report © carried out by external or internal auditors with training in audit procedures who would carry out observations, interviews and reviews of documents © requires detailed planning and is generally carried out infrequently perhaps on a six monthly or annual basis its aim is to improve systems at a higher level ithas no immediate effect on employee morale it requires considerable resource and effort and because of its infrequency it gives no early warning of a decline in heaith and safety standards at the workplace ‘+ Aworkplace inspection: © has a shorter time scale and involves the straightforward observation of a workplace, and/or the activities or equipment within it itrequires less detailed planning can be carried out by supervisors or safety representatives generally resuits in a short report of its findings can be carried out more frequently than an audit ‘requires less resource and effort can give early warning of deciining standards leading to @ subsequent improvement, in controls at a practical level © can assist in improving the morale bf the workforce. the clarification of any problem or deficiency noted during the inspection; ‘appropriate recommendations for the identified problems, the allocation of responsibilty for taking remedial action; its priorty and the time scale for its completion; the allocation of resources necessary to ensure completion of the recommended action; setting a date to review progress of the work and communicating details of the proposed action to interested parties. 2, An employee has suffered a fatal injury at work. (a) (b) (a) (0) ‘Outline the procedure for reporting the accident to the enforcing authority. a ‘State who should be informed of the accident, other than the enforcing authority “4 «+ the responsible person to notify the enforcing authority or the incident call centre by the quickest practicable means (telephone, fax or email) + 2.written report to be submitted within ten days of the accident on the approved form (Form 2508). Internally. ©. @ member ofthe senior management team © the safety representative © the health and safety adviser © Externally: the next of kin NGC1 Workbook 2013 7310, 11, (a) (o) (a) Outline FOUR reasons why an organisation should have @ system for the internal reporting of accidents. a Identity 4 reasons why employees may fal to report accidents at work 7) + the compilation of accident statistics and the identification of trends; + tomeet the requirements of the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 + sothat an investigation may be carried out to prevent a recurrence or to identify weaknesses in the safety management system; for use in civil claims or to satisfy insurance requirements; to help in the identification and reduction of loss to identify the need to review of risk assessments. the employee being unaware of reporting procedures or the fact that no procedure was in place; eer pressure and a reluctance to take time off from the job in hand; possible retribution by management, + to preserve the company's or department's safety record (particularly when an incentive ‘scheme is in operation); + to avoid receiving firstaid or medical treatment (for whatever reason); + over-complicated reporting procedures; * lack of obvious management response to earlier reported accidents. Outline the factors to consider when making an assessment of first-aid provision in a workplace 7) List the number of trained first-aid personnel and first-aid facilities the size of the organisation the distribution and composition of the workforce including the special needs of employees such 28 trainees, young workers and the disabled the types of hazard and level of risk present the past history of accidents and their type, location and consequences the proximity of the workplace to emergency medical services the special needs of travelling, remote or lone workers. the abiity to provide continued cover over different shifts and for sickness, leave and other absence. tthe factors that could be considered when assessing .the health and safety competence of acontractor. (8) the contractor's previous experience with the type of work; the reputation ofthe contractor amongst previous or current clients; the quality and content of the health and safety policy and the systems in place for its implementation including the preparation of risk assessments, monitoring and consultation with the workforce; the level of training and quaifcations of staff (including those with health and safety responsibilities); the contractor's accident and enforcement history membership of professional bodies; equipment maintenance and statutory examination records; detailed proposals (e.g. method statements) for the work to be carried out NGC1_ Workbook 2013 76Answers to by Day Practice QuestionsINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK NGCI Workbook 2013 71. NEBOSH National General Certificate - Day 1 Questions (a) Outline the main functions of ()) criminal law (2) (ii) civil aw (2) (0) Explain the principal differences between common law and statute law (4) (@) (i) Criminal law enforces a code of conduct for society, normally has a protective function and allows the state to take punitive action against those who commit breaches (i) Enables an individual who has suffered harm to gain appropriate recompense from the perpetrator, or to seek an injunction to prevent harm (or further harm) from occurring. (o) * Common law is developed over time set by judicial precedence (decisions made by judges) and is written down in law reports * Inthe area of health and safety, the common law tort of negligence forms the basis of many civil actions * Statute law is legislation passed by Parliament and written down in the form of Acts and Regulations * It also lays down requirements and assigns duties and responsibilities + Failure to comply with statute law normally (but not always) constitutes a criminal offence. * Statute law can also be used in civil actions unless specifically disallowed, (a) Outline the THREE standard conditions that must be met for an injured employee to prove a case of negligence against their employer following an accident at work (} (0) State the circumstances in which an employer may be held vicariously liable for the negligence of an employee (2) (a) * Thata duty of care was owed by the employer to the injured party + That the duty was breached * That the injury sustained was caused directly by the breach (b)_* Anemployer may be held vicariously liable for the negligence of an employee namely where the employee was acting within the course of his/her employment and, while doing so, negligently caused damage or injury to a third party. When reference to the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995: (2) _ State the legal requirements for reporting a fatality resulting from an accident at work to the relevant enforcing authority. (5) (b) Outline THREE categories of work-related injury (other than fatal injuries) that (3)(a) * To notify the enforcing authority by the quickest practicable means and then to report the death formally within ten days by an approved means (e.g. on F2508 or by contacting HSE’s Incident Contact Centre) ‘* The responsible person under the Regulations has the duty to notify the accident * Delayed deaths, up to one year after the original accident, have to be reported whether or not they have been previously reported under another category (b) _*_ Major injuries involving for example amputation, fracture or hospitalisation for over 24 hours * Injuries that result in the injured person being away from work, or unable to do normal work, for more than 3 days ‘Injuries to non-employees, who are taken to hospital for treatment. are reportable Outline the factors to consider when making an assessment of first-aid provision in a workplace. (@) The number of trained first-aid personnel and first aid facilities in relation to, for example, the size of the organisation, the distribution and composition of the workforce The types of hazard and level or risk present The proximity to emergency medical services The special needs of travelling Remote or lone workers The ability to provide continued cover over different shifts and for sickness, leave and other absence.1 NEBOSH National General Certificate - Day 2 Questions Outline the duties placed on employees by: io (i) the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999. (4) i) the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974. (4 * Section 7 requires employees must take reasonable care for themselves and others who might be affected by their acts or omissions * To co-operate with their employer or other person so far as is necessary to ‘enable them to comply with their own statutory duties and requirements * Section 8 requires that no-one shall intentionally or recklessly interfere with or misuse anything provided in the interest of health, safety or welfare. * To use all work items in accordance with the training and instruction they have been given © Italso requires employees to inform their employer (or a specified employee with health and safety responsibilities of work situations that could present a serious and immediate danger, as well as any shortcomings that they might reasonably recognise in the existing arrangements for health and safety. 0 (i) (2) _ Identify the general and specific duties of employers under section 2 of the Health and Safety at Work ete Act 1974. 6) (6) _ State the penalties that may be imposed by the courts for a breach of that section. (2) * General duty of the employer to ensure the health, safety and welfare of his employees so far as is reasonably practicable + The provision of a safe workplace including safe plant and systems of work ‘+ The safe handling, transportation, storage and use of articles and substances The provision of information, instruction, training and supervision for his employees Safe access and egress to a safe place of work Safe working environment with adequate welfare The preparation of a health and safety policy. Consultation with Trade Union safety representatives and setting up of a safety committee within 3 months if two or more TU Reps request one in writing. « Penalty that can be imposed by a Magistrates’ court for a breach of this section is a fine of up to £20,000 while for cases heard in the Crown court, the fine is unlimited (b) With respect to section 6 of the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974, outline the general duties of designers, manufacturers and suppliers of articles and substances for use at work to ensure that they are safe and without risk to health. 8) * This section places an obligation on designers, manufacturers and suppliers of articles and substances for use at work to ensure so far as is reasonably practicable, that articles are designed and constructed to be safe and without risk to health at all times and when they are being set, cleaned, used and maintained and that substances are likewise safe and without risk to health when being used,handled, stored or transported * Testing and examination must be carried out to ensure the required level of safety and freedom from risk * Employers, should be provided with information on the safe use, dismantling and disposal of the articles and substances and given revised information, should a subsequent serious risk become known. (a) Outline the requirements of section 2(3) of the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 in relation to an employer's duty to prepare a health and safety policy. (2) (6) Identify the purposes of EACH of the following sections of a health and safety policy document () ‘Statement of intent’ (2) (i) ‘Organisation’ (2) (ii) ‘Arrangements’ (2) (a) * Anemployer has a duty to prepare a written statement of his general policy with respect to health and safety together with the organisation and arrangements for carrying out the policy * An exception to the requirements for the policy to be in writing exists in cases where there are fewer than five employees. (b) (i) * Should demonstrate management's commitment to health and safety and set goals and objectives for the organisation (li) to identify health and safety responsibilities and reporting lines within the company (iii) + to set out in detail the specific systems and procedures that aim to assist in the implementation of the general policy.NEBOSH National General Certificate ~ Day 3 Questions 1. Explain, using an example in EACH case, the meaning of the following terms () ‘hazard; (2) (i) ‘tisk 3) (ii) ‘so far as is reasonably practicable’ 3) (i) * Something with the potential to cause harm and quoting as examples noise, electricity or chemical solvent. (i) © The probability or likelihood of harm and the likely consequences in terms of the severity of such harm. (ili) ¢ Balancing risk against cost (including money, time and trouble) and what this means in practical terms. 2. (a) Identify the particular requirements of regulation 3 of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 in relation to an employer's duty to carry out risk assessments. (3) (0) Outline the factors that should be considered when selecting individuals to assist in carrying out risk assessments in the workplace. (5) (a) * That assessments should be suitable and sufficient * That they should be reviewed if no longer valid or there have been significant changes + That the significant findings of an assessment should be recorded if there are 5 or ‘more employees and that particular assessment were required in the case of young persons or fire. (0) * Individual’s past experience and training in hazard identification and in carrying out risk assessments * Their experience of the process or activity carried out in the workplace and either knowledge of the plant and equipment involved + Their ability to understand and interpret regulations and standards * Their communication skills and their attitude and commitment to the task. 3. Outline ways in which the Health and Safety Executive can influence the health and safety performance of an organisation 8) * The provision of information (guidance notes, leaflets, Codes of Practice, statistics) * HSE campaigns (reducing noise at work and campaigns aimed at particular business sectors) ‘+ Carrying out health and safety inspections with follow up visits to ensure compliance with the advice given * Carrying out accident investigations and investigations following receipt of ‘complaints, * Giving advice and assistance to employers on how to comply with their statutory duties © Taking enforcement action such as the issues of improvement or prohibition notices and instigating criminal proceedings and adverse publicity such as the Public Register of Enforcement Notices displayed on the HSE website. 4. With respect to undertaking general risk assessments on activities within the workplace:() Outline the FIVE key stages of the risk assessment process, identifying the (2) issues that would need to be considered at EACH stage (iy Identify FOUR items of information from within and FOUR items of information (gy from outside the organisation that may be useful when assessing the activities (ii) State the legal requirements for recording workplace risk assessments 4 * Consider the activities that are being undertaken at the workplace and ‘* To identify the hazards involved ‘+ Identification of those exposed to the hazards, noting particularly groups of employees such as young or disabled workers who might be especially at risk + An evaluation of the risks arising from the identified hazards, taking into account the likelihood and severity of the harm that could be caused, the frequency and duration of the exposure of the employees, the measures in existence to control the risks and the need and scope for a further reduction in risk by the introduction of additional controls ‘+ Recording the significant findings of the assessment in a written and retrievable form * A review and revision of the assessment at regular intervals or, more particularly, if there are developments in the processes or activities or changes in legislation which indicate that the original assessment may no longer be valid Internally * Accident statistics and reports of accidents investigations Ill-health and health surveillance records Previous risk assessments and inspection reports Audits and training records Environmental monitoring Observation of work activities and health and safety committee minutes and recommendations External * Legislation / ACoPs Guidance notes and other HSE publications Information from manufacturers and suppliers including safety data sheets British and European standards Accident data from other organisations Advice from enforcement agencies and insurance companies. (i) (iy (ii) The requirements contained in the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 that, when five or more people are employed, a record should be kept of the significant findings of the assessment together with information on any group of employees identified by the assessment as being especially at risk and additionally to the requirement to record specific assessments carried out for example for noise and asbestos,NEBOSH National General Certificate - Day 4 Qu Outline the ways in which employers might motivate their employees to comply with health and safety procedures (a) (b) (o) (a) (c) Improving employees’ knowledge of the consequences of not working safely Training and the provision of information Showing the commitment of the organisation to safety by providing resources and a safe working environment Involving employees in health and safety decisions through consultation and team meetings Recognising and rewarding achievements Leading by example Outline the benefits to an organisation of having a health and safety committee (4) Outline the reasons why a health and safety committee may prove to be ineffective in practice (8) Identify a range of methods that an employer can use to provide health and safety information directly to individual employees (@) + Itdemonstrates management commitment and compliance with the legal requirement to consult with employees * Itfacilitates consultation and communication with the workforce via employee representatives * Itprovides a means of recording discussions that have taken place on health and safety matters and it may help to foster a positive health and safety culture by encouraging employee involvement and ownership. A lack of management commitment No terms of reference for the committee No agenda and/or minutes of the meetings being produced An uneven balance between management and employee representatives Poor chairmanship No access to the decision making process Infrequent meetings Inappropriate topics for discussion No access to health and safety expertise Notice boards Team briefings Training sessi Tool box talks News letters and the inclusion of messages with wage/pay slips Posters, competitions and signs (One to one briefing such as in appraisal sessions. including induction In relation to the Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Regulations 1977, outline (i) the rights and functions of a trade union-appointed safety representative () (ii) the facilities that an employer may need to provide to a safety representative (2)w (ii) Investigating hazards and dangerous occurrences and examining the causes of accidents Investigating complaints from employees Carrying out safety inspections Making representations to the employer Attending safety committee meetings Representing employees in consultations with the enforcing authority and receiving information from its inspectors The safety representative has access to relevant documents, the use of appropriate facilities, entitlement to inspect the workplace at set intervals and time off with pay for training Private room Telephone Fax machine Photocopier Relevant reference materialNEBOSH National General Certificate ~ Day 5 Questions 1, An organisation has decided to conduct an internal investigation of an accident in which an employee was injured following the collapse of storage racking, (i) Outline FOUR benefits to the organisation of investigating the accident. (4) (i) Giving reasons in EACH case identify FOUR people who may be considered useful members of the investigation team. (8) (ii) Having defined the team, outline the factors that should be considered when planning the investigation (8) + To identify the immediate and roct causes in order to prevent similar accidents occurring in the future * The identification of possible weaknesses in risk assessment processes and other aspects of safety management systems ‘+ Facilitating compliance with legal obligations (including the requirements of the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1895 and social security legislation) * Collecting evidence to defend a civil claim * Determining economic loss and demonstrating management commitment to occupational health and safety @ +A Senior Manager to demonstrate management commitment and to ensure appropriate remedial action was taken The line manager or supervisor who would be familiar with the working practices in the area where the accident occurred * The safety adviser to offer advice on the legal implications of the accident and the control measures currently in place * The safety representative to represent the interests of the employees A technical expert such as an engineer who would be able to provide information on technical issues raised during the investigation Outcome of the accident The type and amount of information already available The identification of witnesses The preservation and current level of safety of the scene of the accident The equipment required for the investigation The history of previous similar incidents The roles and responsibilities of the team members The time scale for the investigation The format of the subsequent report. (ii) (iy 2. List EIGHT possible costs to an organisation when employees are absent due to work-related ill-health (8) Loss of potential output Lost time and resource Cost of recruiting replacement staff or overtime payments for existing staff Investigation of ill-health costs Re-deployment and/or rehabilitation costs on retum to work Costs of remedial action following investigation such as changing the process or materials and/or the introduction of further precautionary measures * Possible compensation payments linked with increases in insurance premiums andother intangible costs such as the effect on employees’ morale and the loss of business image. 3. Replacement or repair of damaged plant and equipment is a cost that an organisation may face following a workplace accident. List EIGHT other possible costs to the organisation following a workplace accident. (8) 4 i) (i) @ Costs associated with lost production Damage to materials First-aid Investigation and remedial action Additional administration incurred Replacement staff Increases in insurance premiums Criminal and civil actions (the imposition of fines, parts of compensation payments not covered by insurances and legal representation) Poor corporate image Detrimental effect on employee morale resulting in reduced productivity. Explain why an organisation should have a system for the internal reporting of accidents ) Identify the reasons why employees may fail to report accidents at work (4) ‘+ The compilation of accident statistics and the identification of trends To meet the requirement of the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 + So that an accident investigation may be carried out to prevent a recurrence or to identify weaknesses in the safety management system For use in civil claims or to satisfy insurance requirements To help in the identification and reduction of loss. To trigger the need to review health and safety risk assessments Ignorance of the reporting procedures Peer pressure Possible retribution by management To preserve the company's or department's safety record (particularly when an incentive scheme is in operation) To avoid receiving first-aid or medical treatment (for whatever reason) © Over-complicated reporting procedures * Apathy caused by lack of obvious management response to earlier reported accidents.INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK