VOZ ACTIVA

They make many movies in Hollywood.

VOZ PASIVA
Many movies are made in Hollywood.

The students will give a presentation

tomorrow.

A presentation will be given tomorrow

by the students.

Someone has stolen my bike!

My bike has been stolen!

We receive the newspaper everyday.

The newspaper is received everyday.

The children have eaten the cookies.

The cookies have been eaten by the

children.

We will complete the renovations next

week.

The renovations will be completed next

week.

They pay us every Friday.

We are paid every Friday.

Did they deliver your new sofa?

Was your new sofa delivered?

ACTIVA

PASIVA

HE WRITES A BOOK

A BOOK IS WRITTEN

HE IS WRITING A BOOK

A BOOK IS BEING WRITTEN

HE WROTE A BOOK

A BOOK WAS WRITTEN

HE WAS WRITING A BOOK

A BOOK WAS BEING WRITTEN

HE HAS WRITTEN A BOOK

A BOOK HAS BEEN WRITTEN

HE HAD WRITTEN A BOOK

A BOOK HAD BEEN WRITTEN

HE WILL WRITE A BOOK

A BOOK WILL BE WRITTEN

Sujeto

+ "to be"

+ "past

+ resto de la

(conjugado)

participle"

oracin

Simple present
The house

is

cleaned

every day.

is being

cleaned

at the moment.

was

cleaned

yesterday.

cleaned

last week.

has been

cleaned

since you left.

had been

cleaned

before they arrived.

will be

cleaned

next week.

Present continuous
The house
Simple past
The house

Past continuous
The house

was being

Present perfect
The house
Past perfect
The house
Future
The house

Future continuous

The house

will be being

cleaned

tomorrow.

cleaned

if they had visitors.

would have been

cleaned

if it had been dirty.

must be

cleaned

before we arrive.

Present conditional
The house

would be

Past conditional
The house
Inifinitivo
The house

Cuando la persona o personas que realizan la accin son desconocidos, sin

importancia o evidente por el contexto. Por ejemplo:

Lorens mobile phone was stolen. (We dont know who stole it.)
The thief has been arrested. (Its obvious that the police arrested him.)

Cuando la accin en s misma es ms importante que la persona / personas que lo

hacen, como en titulares de noticias, artculos de prensa, avisos formales, anuncios,
instrucciones, procesos, etc., por ejemplo:

The opening ceremony will be held on May 19th .

Cuando queremos evitar asumir la responsabilidad de una accin, o cuando nos

referimos a un evento desagradable y no queremos decir quin o qu es el culpable.
Por ejemplo:

The valuable paintings were destroyed.

Solamente los verbos transitivos (verbos que tienen un objeto) se pueden cambiar
en el pasivo. Por ejemplo:

Active: The nanny sings to the baby. (intransitive verb)

Activo: La niera canta al beb. (verbo intransitivo)

No passive form: The baby is sung to by the nanny.

Ninguna forma pasiva: El beb se canta a la niera.

Nota: Algunos verbos transitivos (have, exist, seem, fit, suit, resemble, lack, etc) no
pueden ser cambiados en el pasivo. Por ejemplo:

The city has a new town hall. (NOT: A new town hall is had by the city)
La ciudad tiene un nuevo ayuntamiento. (NO: Un nuevo ayuntamiento se
tena por la ciudad)

Podemos usar el verbo de conseguir en lugar del verbo ser en el lenguaje cotidiano,
cuando hablamos de las cosas que suceden por accidente o de forma inesperada.
Por ejemplo:

He got robbed when he was going to work. (instead of He was robbed)

l fue robado cuando se iba a trabajar. (En lugar de le robaron )

By + agente se usa para decir quin o qu lleva a cabo una accin. Con +
instrumento / del material / ingrediente se utiliza para decir lo que el agente utilizado.
Por ejemplo:

The cake was made by Terry. It was made with wild strawberries.
La torta fue hecha por Terry. Fue hecho con fresas silvestres.

El agente puede ser omitida cuando el sujeto es they, he, someone/somebody,

people, one, etc. Por ejemplo:

Someone has closed the window. The window has been closed.

El agente no se omite cuando se trata de una persona especfica o importante, o

cuando es esencial para el significado de la frase. Por ejemplo:

The Cathedral was built by Antonio Gaudi

Con verbos que pueden tomar dos objetos, tales como bring, tell, send, teach,
promise, buy, sell, read, offer, give, lend, etc, podemos formar dos diferentes
oraciones
pasivas.
Por
ejemplo:

Benny gave mom a surprise. (active)

Mom was given a surprise by Benny. (passive, more usual)
A surprise was given to mom by Benny. (passive, less usual)

Si en una oracin activa una preposicin sigue un verbo, a continuacin, en el pasivo

que se coloca inmediatamente despus del verbo. Por ejemplo:

A ball hit John on the head. John was hit on the head by a ball.

Los verbos hear, help, see and make que son seguidos por el infinitivo en el activo
y por el infinitivo en el pasivo. Por ejemplo.

She helped me finish my job. I was helped to finish my job.

Ella me ayud a terminar mi trabajo. Me ayud a terminar mi trabajo.

Let se convierte en be allowed to en el pasivo. For example:

The teacher let the students use a calculator. The students were allowed to
use a calculator.

Los verbos believe, expect, feel, hope, know, report, say, think, etc, se utilizan en
los siguientes patrones pasivos en construcciones personales e impersonales. Por
ejemplo:

They expect he will win the elections.

Subject (person) + passive verb + to-infinitive
He is expected to win the elections. (personal construction)
It + passive verb + that-clause
It is expected that he will win the elections. (impersonal construction)

1) Did she go out last night?

Do you know if she went out last night?

2) Where did she meet her brother?

Do you know where she met her brother?

3) How was the film?

Do you know how the film was?

4) Was David the first to arrive?

Do you know if David was the first to arrive?

5) Did Lucy work at home yesterday?

Do you know if Lucy worked at home yesterday?

6) What was the problem?

Do you know what the problem was?

7) Who did we see at the party?

Do you know who we saw at the party?

8) Did Zac call his mum yesterday?

Do you know if Zac called his mum yesterday?

9) Were they at the beach?

Do you know if they were at the beach?

10) Where was the class?

Do you know where the class was?

11) Why did they arrive so late?

Do you know why they arrived so late?

12) Was she at home yesterday?

Do you know if she was at home yesterday?

13) How did she do it?

Do you know how she did it?

14) Were they in the garden?

Do you know if they were in the garden?

15) Did they arrive late?

Do you know if they arrived late?

16) Did John finish the report?

Do you know if John finished the report?

17) Were we late for the meeting?

Do you know if we were late for the meeting?

18) What did they do at the weekend?

Do you know what they did at the weekend?

19) Why was she so early?

Do you know why she was so early?

20) Where was Julie yesterday afternoon?

Do you know where Julie was yesterday afternoon?