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Index
LESSON 1 .................................................................................................................................. 4

A Dangerous Job ............................................................................................................ 4

The Job of a Police Officer ..................................................................................................... 5

COGNATES Cognados ....................................................................................................... 7

FALSE COGNATES Falsos cognados .................................................................................... 7
COMMON NOUNS Sustantivos comunes .............................................................................. 8
PROPER NOUNS Sustantivos propios .................................................................................. 8
ADJECTIVES Adjetivos calificativos ..................................................................................... 9
VERB | Verbo................................................................................................................... 9
PERSONAL PRONOUNS Pronombres personales ................................................................. 10
VERB BE Verbo ser o estar ...................................................................................... 10
ARTICLES Artculos ........................................................................................................ 11
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS Pronombres demostrativos .................................................. 12

LESSON 2 ................................................................................................................................ 13

UNICEF ......................................................................................................................... 13
Unite for Children ................................................................................................................ 14

HAVE GOT, HAS GOT Tener ............................................................................................ 17

WAYS OF SHOWING POSSESSION Formas de indicar posesin............................................ 18
Adjetivos posesivos .................................................................................................................... 18

POSSESSIVE CASE Caso posesivo .................................................................................... 18

SOMETHING OF SOMETHING Algo de algo ....................................................................... 19
CONNECTORS Conectores ............................................................................................... 19
And............................................................................................................................................ 19
But ............................................................................................................................................ 19
Or .............................................................................................................................................. 19

SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS Plural de los sustantivos ................................................... 20

LESSON 3 ................................................................................................................................ 21

Daily Activities.............................................................................................................. 21
Rosas day ............................................................................................................................ 22

QUESTION WORDS Expresiones interrogativas .................................................................. 24

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES Prefijos y sufijos........................................................................ 26
PREFIXES Prefijos .......................................................................................................... 26
SUFFIXES Sufijos ........................................................................................................... 26
NOUN-NOUN STRUCTURE Estructura sustantivo-sustantivo ................................................ 27
Noun + noun + noun + noun ... ................................................................................................. 28

PRESENT SIMPLE Presente.............................................................................................. 29

Estructura gramatical ................................................................................................................. 30
Adverbios y expresiones de frecuencia para el Present Simple. .................................................... 30
Posicin de los adverbios ............................................................................................................ 30
Das de la semana ...................................................................................................................... 31
Meses del ao ............................................................................................................................ 31
El tiempo cronolgico ................................................................................................................. 32
Teachers together ............................................................................................................... 33

LESSON 4 ................................................................................................................................ 36

Dos and donts.............................................................................................................. 36

Call 911 ................................................................................................................................ 37

IMPERATIVE Imperativo ................................................................................................. 39

CONDITIONAL TYPE 0 Condicional tipo cero ..................................................................... 40
ADJECTIVE DEGREES Grados de los adjetivos ................................................................... 40
Comparativo............................................................................................................................... 41
Superlativo ................................................................................................................................. 41
Comparativos y superlativos irregulares ...................................................................................... 41
Your first interview! ....................................................................... Error! Marcador no definido.

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LESSON 5 ......................................................................................... ERROR! MARCADOR NO DEFINIDO.

Bullying .................................................................................... Error! Marcador no definido.

Dealing with Bullying ..................................................................... Error! Marcador no definido.

EXISTENTIAL THERE Existencia ............................................ Error! Marcador no definido.

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS Sustantivos contables e incontablesError! Marcador no definid
SOME / ANY ....................................................................... Error! Marcador no definido.
IT...................................................................................... Error! Marcador no definido.
Usos de IT ....................................................................................Error! Marcador no definido.

AT IN ON...................................................................... Error! Marcador no definido.

LESSON 6 ......................................................................................... ERROR! MARCADOR NO DEFINIDO.

Work & Unemployement .......................................................... Error! Marcador no definido.

Work Sharing: Half a Job Is Better than None ............................... Error! Marcador no definido.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS Presente continuo ............................ Error! Marcador no definido.

Adverbios utilizados con el Present Continuous cuando se expresa accin continua.Error! Marcador no definid
Adverbios utilizados con el Present Continuous cuando se expresa futuro.Error! Marcador no definido.

En cambio ....................................................................... Error! Marcador no definido.

No Place Like Home ........................................................................ Error! Marcador no definido.

FUNCTION OF THE ING WORDS Funcin de las palabras terminadas en INGError! Marcador no defin

LESSON 7 ......................................................................................... ERROR! MARCADOR NO DEFINIDO.

An unusual school .................................................................... Error! Marcador no definido.

An Unusual School: Sands School, the Alternative Face of EducationError! Marcador no definido.

MODAL VERBS Verbos modales ............................................ Error! Marcador no definido.

Must .............................................................................................Error! Marcador no definido.
Should ..........................................................................................Error! Marcador no definido.
Ought to & Should ........................................................................Error! Marcador no definido.
Lifestyles: Not Personal Enough? ................................................... Error! Marcador no definido.

ADJECTIVES ENDING IN ING AND ED Adjetivos acabados en ING y EDError! Marcador no definid
-ed Adjectives ...............................................................................Error! Marcador no definido.
-ing Adjectives ..............................................................................Error! Marcador no definido.
Resumiendo ed vs ing ..............................................................Error! Marcador no definido.

LESSON 8 ......................................................................................... ERROR! MARCADOR NO DEFINIDO.

Crime and punishment ............................................................. Error! Marcador no definido.

What is the Witness Protection Programme? ................................ Error! Marcador no definido.

FUTURE SIMPLE Futuro simple ............................................. Error! Marcador no definido.

Will ...............................................................................................Error! Marcador no definido.
Usos del futuro simple ...................................................................Error! Marcador no definido.

GOING TO Futuro inmediato ................................................ Error! Marcador no definido.

Usos del going to........................................................................Error! Marcador no definido.
Expresiones de tiempo que generalmente utilizamos para indicar el futuro.Error! Marcador no definido.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES Oraciones condicionales ............... Error! Marcador no definido.

Type 1 ..........................................................................................Error! Marcador no definido.

LESSON 9 ......................................................................................... ERROR! MARCADOR NO DEFINIDO.

UNLa, our university ................................................................. Error! Marcador no definido.

UNLa, our University ...................................................................... Error! Marcador no definido.

GRAMMAR IN USE ............................................................... Error! Marcador no definido.

BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................. ERROR! MARCADOR NO DEFINIDO.

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Lesson 1

A Dangerous Job

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Activity 1: Do you know the following words? If so, circle them and
translate them into Spanish.

Activity 2: Look at the picture and answer in Spanish.

Is this number very common in your country?

When is it necessary?

Read the following article.

The Job of a Police Officer

Most people are familiar with the job of a police officer. They are on the streets, in our
neighborhoods, in their cars, and in the news. A police officers main job is to protect the
communities and to enforce laws!
The job of a police officer is very important! Because law enforcement is vital all the time, police
officers work during the night and on weekends and holidays. Order and security are very
important for society so police officers patrol on foot or in special vehicles and respond to
emergencies. At other times, police officers work on investigations or make arrests.
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Police work is tense and

nd dangerous.
da
They are attentive at all times in case
se of emergencies. They
work under difficult weathe
eather conditions, too. Special training at a police academ
cademy and honesty are
essential for their difficult
ult jo
job!

Answer these
e questions
q
about the article The Jo
Job of a Police
Officer in Spanis
anish.
1. Is the job of a polic
police officer strange?

2. Is it difficult?

3. Where are theyy in general?

g

4. Why are police officers

offic
important?

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5. Is their job insignific

ignificant?

6. Is honesty one of the

th basics characteristics?

7. Do police officers
ers respond
re
to emergencies?

8. Do they work on holidays?

ho

COGNATES
Cognados
Los cognados son palabras
bras transparentes, palabras parecidas en ambos idioma
iomas (ingls y espaol)
ya sea en su escritura y/o pronunciacin.
p
Palabra
a en ingls
i

Significado
o en e
espaol

importan
ortant

important
rtante

institutio
titution

institucin
tucin

person
erson

persona
sona

area

rea

FALSE COGNA
ATES
Falsos cognado
dos
Un falso cognado es una palabra que, debido a similitudes de apariencia
cia y significado, parece
guardar parentesco con
n otra palabra de un idioma diferente, pero que en realidad
realid no comparte su
mismo origen etimolgico
ico (no
(n son verdaderos cognados).
Palabra en ingls

Significado real

Signi
Significado falso

actually

realmente

ac
actualmente

fabric

tela

fbrica

eventually

finalmente

eve
eventualmente

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Complete the following

foll
chart with the words in Activit
tivity 1.
Cognate
gnates

False cogna
cognates

Can you identify

tify any cognates and false cognates in th
the article The
Job of a Police
e Of
Officer?
Cognate
gnates

False cogna
cognates

Los sustantivos comunes

es son
so palabras que se utilizan para designar
nombres de cosas, animales
males, y otros objetos que pertenecen a una
misma clase.

E.g.

COMMON NOU
OUNS
Sustantivos comunes
com
book

dog

girl

computer

Se utilizan para distinguir

uir a cada individuo o lugar de los dems,
como ocurre con los nombre
ombres de las ciudades o de las personas, y
deben ser escritos con su le
letra inicial en mayscula.

E.g.

PROPER NOUN
UNS
Sustantivos propios
pro
Tokyo

UNLa

Cecilia

Argentina

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ADJECTIVES
lificativos
Adjetivos califi
The ccar is blue.

En ingls, los adjetivos se ubican

u
delante de los
sustantivos. En cambio,, en espaol
e
se prefiere ubicar
al adjetivo detrs del sustan
ustantivo.

E.g.

Son aquellas palabras que califican

c
o determinan a un
sustantivo. Los adjetivos
os calificativos
cal
son los ms
frecuentes, ya que sealan
alan una cualidad del
sustantivo, ya sea concreta
creta o abstracta.

incluye un adjetivo
a
calificativo
(azul)) q
que refiere a una
caracterstica
rstica concreta (el color
de
del coche).

The
he ca
car ishorrible.
indica una
na cualidad
cu
abstracta y
su
subjetiva.

Es la clase de palabra que puede

p
modificarse para concordar con la
persona, el nmero, el tiempo,
tiem
el modo, la voz y el aspecto que posea el
sujeto del cual habla.

E.g.

VERB | Verbo
play

work

study

be

Complete the following

foll
chart with the words from Act
Activity 1.
Nouns
ouns

Adjective
ectives

Complete the following

fol
chart with the vocabulary
y fro
from the article
The Job of a Police
Pol
Officer.
Nouns

Adjectives

Verbs

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PERSONAL PRO
RONOUNS
Pronombres personales
pe

VERB BE
Verbo ser o estar

Forma afirmativa
tiva.

Forma afirmativa
tiva, negativa e interrogativa.

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Can you identify

tify any pronouns and verbs in The Jo
Job of a Police
Officer?
Personal
al pronouns
pro

Verb be
be

ARTICLES
Artculos
A student

En ingls, existe un solo

lo artculo
art
definido: the, que se utiliza
utiliz tanto
en singular como en plural.
lural. Existen
dos artculos indefinidos: a
y an,
que se utilizan para sustanti
stantivos
contables en la forma singular.
singu

E.g.

The y A/An son artcul

rtculos: los
dividimos en definidos e
indefinidos.

An accident

seguido de un
sustantivo que
comienza con
consonante.

seguido de un sustantivo
segui
que ccomienza con vocal.

She is a student.

The student is
responsible.

Utilizamos el artculo
indefinido porque es
la primera vez que se
utiliza el trmino
student.

Tanto el escritor como el

lecto saben a quin se
lector
refiere el trmino
stu
student, ya que en
este caso fue nombrado.

Can you provide

ide two examples of articles from The
he J
Job of a Police
Officer?
Definite
ite article
ar

Indefinite
ite ar
article

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DEMONSTRAT
ATIVE PRONOUNS
Pronombres demostrativos
de

Recordemos:

This (singular)
These (plural)

That (singular)
Those (plural)

se utilizan para sealar objetos que se encuentran cerca.

cer

se utilizan para objetos que se encuentran lejos.

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Lesson2

UNICEF

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Answer these questions.

1. Are there any famous Argentineans who help UNICEF?

2. Who are they?

UNICEF is an acronym, here is a list of very popular acronyms, can

you match the acronyms in column A with their meaning in column
B?
Column A

Column B

LASER

Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus

NATO

Rpondez S'il Vous Plait. French for Respond, if you please

UNICEF

As Soon As Possible

SCUBA
WASP

The United Nations Children's Fund

Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation

R.S.V.P.
P.S.

Post Script
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization

A.S.A.P.

Bring Your Own Bottle

E.T.A.

Do It Yourself

B.Y.O.B.

Estimated Time of Arrival

D.I.Y.

White Anglo Saxon Protestant

Read the article and answer the following questions in Spanish.

Unite for Children

UNICEF is the United Nations Children's Fund. It is a United Nations Program. It has its
offices in New York City. It offers humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and
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14

mothers in more than 190 developing

d
countries. People in UNICEF believe that every child has the
right to grow up safe, happy and healthy.
UN Convention on the Rights
Righ of the Child is the basis of UNICEFs work. These rights are common
to every child. All the member
mem
states of the United Nations accept the Conven
onvention, there are two
exceptions: the United States
State and Somalia.
Numerous countries in
n Africa,
Afr
Asia and Latin America have programmes
es to improve maternal
health, to register childbirth
ldbirth, to empower youth with knowledge about HIV
IV pr
prevention and much
more.
UNICEF is interested in the worlds most marginalized children. They
ey h
have plans of ICT
(Information and Commun
munication Technologies) to help disadvantaged comm
communities. There is a
focus on innovation for equity
e
'in 2014. The equity perspective - on gen
gender, ethnicity, age,
education and rural/urban
ban divide
d
- is a consistent theme throughout the new
ew IC
ICT4D report.

Answer these questions

que
in Spanish.
1. What is UNICEF?

2. How many countrie

ntries receive assistance from UNICEF?

3. Why is the UN Convention

Conv
on the Rights of the Child important?

4. Are there any countr

countries which are not part of the Convention?

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Find three
pronouns.

examples

Cognates

of

cognates,
Adjectives

adjectives

and

personal

Personal pronouns

Find examples of HAVE/ HAVE GOT and explain how they are used.
Example

Function

Identify five different forms of showing possession.

Find examples of connectors: AND, BUT, OR, BECAUSE and explain

their functions.
Example

Function

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Exampl
ample

Function
nction

HAVE GOT, HAS

HA GOT
Tener

Se utilizan para:

Expresar posesin.

E.g.

I have got a vegetable garde

garden.
I have got a lemon tree.

E.g.

Describir enfermedades.
Describir caractersticas.

E.g.

Describir relaciones.

E.g.

Has she got a car?

Have you got a girlfriend?
iend?
He's got three brothers / He has three brothers.
I've got a bad cold / I have a ba
bad cold.
Her office has got a nice view. / Her office
ffice has a nice view.
Why has he got a tattoo?
ttoo?

HAVE GOT
es una expresin
expre
usada con ms frecuencia en el lenguaje coloq
coloquial.

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WAYS OF SHOW
OWING POSSESSION
Formas de indi
dicar posesin
Adjetivos poses
sesivos
This is my fruit.

E.g.

Se colocan siempre delante

lante de sustantivo.

Karen is American. Her house is in Atlanta.

Singula
ngular
1st

my

2nd

you

your

3rd

he

his

3rd

she

her

3rd

it

its

Plural
lural
1st

we

our

2nd

you

your

3rd

they

their

POSSESSIVE CASE
CA
Caso posesivo

E.g.

Benito Cerati
ati is Gustavos son.

E.g.

Partes del cuerpo.

Silvia loves Florenc

orencia Bonelli's books.

Charles's han
hands are red.

Creacin.

E.g.

Relaciones de parentesco.

the boy'
boy's apple

Claudia Pieiros
s novel Betivu is a
famous
mous film.

Lugares.

E.g.

Posesin.

E.g.

Generalmente, agregamos
mos 's a un sustantivo singular y apstrofo ' a un sustan
sustantivo plural. El caso
posesivo se utiliza para
ra ind
indicar:

Chinas rivers
ivers are
a very long.

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Tiempo.

E.g.

These are Charles

harles's tennis shoes.

Es posible tambin agregar

egar nicamente el
apstrofo (').

E.g.

Who is Emm
Emme' father?

SOMETHING OF
O SOMETHING
Algo de algo

Relaciones de parentesco.

E.g.

The sisters of my mother are tw

twins.

Creacin.

E.g.

The Gioconda of Leonardo is a very

ry small
sm painting.

Lugar.

E.g.

Otra alternativa es usarr la estructura

e
something of something. Esto es una aalternativa al s pero
solo se usa para indicar:

The big cities of Canada are in the south.

CONNECTORS
RS
Conectores

Indica secuencia.

E.g.

Victoria is in Rio de Janeiro and she visits Copa

Copacabana beach.

Indica un resultado.

E.g.

Willie is a teacher of History and teaches in

n a se
secondary school.

Agrega informacin.

E.g.

And

Jamie has a dog and two cats.

Sugiere un
contraste.

E.g.

But
Joey has a collection of Spiderman comics, but he hasnt got any
Batman comics.

Sugiere alternativas.

E.g.

Or
Is Tom a History or a Geography
hy teacher?
tea
We have two sandwiches: ham and tomato or chicken sandwich.

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SINGULAR AND
ND PLURAL NOUNS
Plural de los sustantivos
su
La mayora de los sustantivo
tantivos forman su
plural agregando s.

E.g.

bottle
cup

Los sustantivos que termina

rminan en y, cambian
la y por i y agregan es
es.

E.g.

Los sustantivos que termina

rminan en f o fe,
cambian la f por v y agregan
agre
es.

E.g.

Los sustantivos que termina

rminan en los sonidos
ch, x, s, o s, agregan
regan es.

E.g.

pencil
box
watch

E.g.
E.g.

sticker

window
windows

pencils
boxes

stickers

moss

mosses

bus

buses

wolf

wolves

leaf

leaves

wife

wives

life

baby

babies

potato

potatoes

toys

memo

memos

kidneys

stereo

stereos

toy

child

Algunos sustantivos perman

rmanecen igual en el
plural.

cups

desks

watches

kidney
Algunos sustantivos tienen
nen plurales
p
irregulares.

desk

bottles

woman

children

mouse

mice

goose

geese

series

series

women

man

men

sheep

sheep

deer

deer

lives

species

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20

Lesson 3

Daily Activities

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Match the correct verb with the pictures and translate them into
Spanish.
go to bed

go to work

have breakfast

have dinner

have lunch

return home

wake up

Read the following article.

Rosas day
Rosa Cleeson is a police artist. She lives in a small flat with her children. She gets up very early
every day because she has a shower and makes breakfast for her son Ross (12) and her daughter
Jesse(10). They always have chocolate milk and cereals but they do not eat toasts or biscuits.
At half past seven she takes them to school and drives to the police station. She likes her job
because she loves drawing. She interviews witnesses and draws the people that they describe.
Some detectives prefer computers but she says that artists often get better results than
computers. She always makes friends with the witnesses: When people relax, they remember
more she says.
She chooses her questions carefully because she does not want to suggest ideas to the witnesses.
She watches the witnesses faces: When they remember, their eyes look left. When they guess,
their eyes look right.
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Choose the corre

orrect alternative. What does a POLICE
E ARTIST
A
do?
He / She helps the police to find a criminal.
He / She draws criminal
inals face.
He/She watches witnesse
esses eyes.
He/She interviews people
eople who are witness of crimes.

Match the questio

estions to the correct answers.
What does she do?

At the police station.

How old are her children?

Witnesses.

What time does she go to work?

w

Criminals.

Where does she work?

Shes a police artist.

Who does she interview?

They are 10 and 12.

Whose faces does she draw?

draw

At 7.30

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Answer TRUE or F
FALSE and justify the false statement
ents in Spanish.
True

False

Justif
Justification

Rosa lives alone.

She goes to work by car.

She uses a computer to work.

wor

She makes people feell comfortable.

comf

She usually draws the crime scene.

QUESTION WO
ORDS
Expresiones interrogativas
in
Who

person

Whos that? Thats

Tha Nancy.

Where

place

Where do you live? In Boston.

Why

reason

Why do you sleep early?

ly? Because Ive got to
get up earl
early.

When

time

When do you go to wo
work? At seven.

How

manner

How do you go to the o

office? By car.

What

obje idea or action

object,

What do you do? IIm an engineer.

Which

choice

Which one do you prefer

prefer? The red one.

Whose

possession

Whose is this book?

ook? Its Alans

Whom

ob
object
of the verb

Whom do you meet this afternoon?

a
I meet
the new mana
manager

What kind

description

What kind of music do

o you like? I like quiet
songs.
ngs.

What time

time

What time do you usual

usually go to bed? I
usually go to bed
ed at 9.00 pm.

How many

qua
quantity
(countable)

How many students are there?

t
There are
twenty.
nty.

How much

amount, price
(uncountable)

How much time have we g

got? Ten minutes!

How long

duration, length

How long do you want

nt to sstay in the hotel?
For a week
week.

How often

frequency

How often do you go to the

th gym? Twice a
week.
ek.
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How far

distance

How far is your school?

ool? Its one mile far.

How old

age

How old are you? I

Im 20 (years old).

How come

reason

Question wordss are also called WH questions because they include

de the letters W
and H.

Analyze the use of Simple Present in the followi

lowing examples.
Complete the table
tab in Spanish.
Exampl
ample

Use

He gets up
p at 6 oclock
People phone to the bank
Tim is polite
te and friendly
I like watching
g TV after dinner

Find the followin

wing verbs in the text and complete
e the
th table using
the infinitive form and person of the verbs in the Simp
imple Present.
Infinitive

Conjugated verbs

Person

is
have
draws
prefer
relax
chooses

Copy examples of Adverbs of frequency and transla

nslate them into
Spanish.
Exampl
ample

Translatio
slation

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Exampl
ample

Translatio
slation

PREFIXES AND
D SUFFIXES
Prefijos y sufijo
fijos
Los prefijos y sufijos son
on gr
grupos de letras que se encuentran al comienzo
o o al final de la palabra.
No son palabras en s mismas
mism y no aparecen solas en la oracin, aunque pued
pueden estar separadas
de la palabra por un guion
uion.

PREFIXES
Prefijos
Los prefijos se ubican
n delante
dela
de una palabra con el fin de crear otra
ra pa
palabra con diferente
significado.
Prefix

Word

New word

un-

happy

unhappy

multi-

cultural

mu
multicultural

over-

work

overwork

cyber-

space

cy
cyberspace

super-

market

sup
supermarket

SUFFIXES
Sufijos
Los sufijos se ubican detrs
etrs de una palabra y frecuentemente dichas palabras
ras ccambian su funcin.
Word

Suffix

New word

work

-er

worker

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Word

Suffix

New word

taste

-less

tasteless
childish

-ish

idol

-ize/-ise

like

-able

(cambia
mbia de sustantivo a
adjetivo)
idolize
(cambia
ia de sustantivo a verbo)
likeable
(cambia
bia de verbo a adjetivo)

Algunos prefijos y sufijos

ijos se
s usan habitualmente en palabras que se
relacionan con conceptos
tos o productos nuevos.

Email contiene el prefijo

ijo e-,
e que significa electronic. Dicho prefijo se

e-book
E.g.

child

e-cash
e-commerce

utiliza en palabras que se relacionan

re
con Internet.

Write the jobs

s in the correct column according to the s
suffix.
detective

sergeant
diver

-ER

po
police officer

technician

supervisor

investigator

-OR

-IAN

Others

NOUN-NOUN
N STRUCTURE
S
Estructura sust
ustantivo-sustantivo
Match the two
o columns.
co

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police

scene

police

car

crime

custody

traffic

station
police

squad/patrol

shoppi
hopping center
coff
coffee bar
E.g.

El primer sustantivo funcion

nciona como adjetivo.
Siempre se encuentra en singular
sin
aunque se lo
traduzca como plural.

livin
living room
a shoe-shop
op (NOT a shoes shop)
a bus-stop
op (N
(NOT a buses stop)

E.g.

El primer sustantivo puede

ede describir:
d

E.g.

Material del que/con que

ue est
es hecho.

E.g.

Lugar donde se ubica.

E.g.

Tiempo en el que sucede.

Propsito.

milk chocolate
a glass bowl
a table lamp
Oxford University
a daydream
afternoon tea
car keys
a conference room

Podemos encontrar dos,

s, tres
tre o ms sustantivos
actuando de adjetivos.
Por lo general, dichas estructuras
estruc
se pueden encontrar
en los ttulos de los peridic
ridicos.

E.g.

Noun + noun + noun

n
+ noun ...
road accide
accident research centre

Copy examples of
o adverbs of frequency

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Find examples of connectors and explain their functio

ction.
Connecto
nnector

Use

PRESENT SIMPL
PLE
Presente
A continuacin, se especi
specifican los usos con los ejemplos correspondiente
dientes, y la estructura
gramatical del Presentt Simple.
Sim

E.g.

Where do you work?

wo
Situaciones permanentes
tes o
duraderas.

The store opens at 9 oclock.

She lives in New York.

E.g.

I usually get up at 7 oclock.

Hbitos y rutinas.

She doesnt often go to the cinema.

When do they usually
ally have lunch?

E.g.

The Earth revolves arou

around the Sun.
Hechos reales.

What does strange

ange mean?

E.g.

Water doesnt boil at 2

20 degrees.

Gustos y preferencias.

I love walking around late

te at night during the
summer.
She hates flyin
flying!
What do you lik
like?

E.g.

He doesnt agree
ree with you.
Opiniones y creencias.

I think he is a wonderf
nderful student.
What do you consider your
ur bes
best accomplishment?

Horarios pre-establecidos.

E.g.

The plane leaves at 4 p.m.

When do courses begin
egin this semester?
The train doesnt arrive until 10.35.

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Estructura gramatical
I
You
POSITIVE
Afirmacin

In the positive form the base form of

the 3rd person singular ends in s,
ies (if the verb ends in -y preceded
by a consonant) or es (if the verb
ends in o, sh, ch or x)

We

eat lunch at noon.

They
He
She

works well in any situation.

It
I
You
NEGATIVE
Negacin

Conjugate the auxiliary do not

(dont and doesnt) before the base
form of the verb to make negatives.

We

dont enjoy opera.

They
He
She

doesnt belong to the club.

It

Se utilizan para
indicar con qu
frecuencia se
realiza la accin
indicada por el
verbo.

E.g.

Adverbios y expresiones de frecuencia para el Presente

Simple.
always

twice a month

at weekends

once a month

every + day: every Thursday

three times a month

everyday

once a week

frequently

twice a week

hardly ever

three times a week

never

rarely

often

seldom

on + day + s: on Thursdays

sometimes

on occasion

usually

Posicin de los adverbios

Always, usually, often, frequently, sometimes, seldom y never se ubican siempre entre
la persona y el verbo. Los restantes van al comienzo o al final de la frase.

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E.g.

I always go to school by bus.

I usually
usuall get up at 7.

On Mondays
ays I have gym.

I often / frequently
freque
watch TV in the
evening.

Once a month
onth I have a test.
Twice a month
onth I have a test.

I sometimes have
hav lunch in a restaurant.

Three times a mon

month I have a test.

I seldom
ldom have breakfast.

I play tennis onc

once a week.

I never
neve arrive late.

I play tennis twi

twice a week.

Every day I have homework.

I play tennis three

hree ttimes a week.

Every
y Mon
Monday I have gym.

E.g.

Para preguntar a alguien

ien con
co qu frecuencia realiza algo,
se usa how often.

How often
ofte do you have gym
classes?
I have
ave gym
g
classes every
Monday.

Das de la sema
mana
Day of the Week
Monday

Mon.

Mo.

Tuesday

Tue.

Tu.

Wednesday

Wed.

We.

Thursday

Thu.

Th.

Friday

Fri.

Fr.

Weekend

Saturday

Sat.

Sa.

(2 days)

Sunday

Sun.

Su.

Weekdays
(5 days)

Days of the week

Abbreviation

(7 days)

Days of the week son

n los 7 das de la semana. (lunes a domingo).
Weekdays son los 5 das de
d la semana (lunes a viernes).
The weekend es el fin
in de semana (sbado y domingo).

Meses del ao
Month

Short Form

Days

January

Jan.

31

February

Feb.

28/29

March

Mar.

31

April

Apr.

30

May

May

31
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Season
Summer

Autumn

31

June

Jun.

30

July

Jul.

31

August

Aug.

31

September

Sep.

30

10

October

Oct.

31

11

November

Nov.

30

12

December

Dec.

31

Winter

Spring

Summer

El tiempo cronolgico
Whats the time?
What time is it?

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Reading compreh
prehension.

Teachers together
From Anya:

Help! I teach on a course that uses digital technology. I do not u

understand many
things: How do you use a forum in teaching? What are wikis
is and podcasts? And
what is a learning
lea
management system?

From Ricky:

Anya, are you

yo sure this is the right job for you?

From Stefan:

It is very
ry easy!
ea
In a forum people send messages to a group,
p, so it is email for a
group of people.
peo
Teachers have a forum for their class or classe
lasses, and their
students
ts communicate
com
as a group. They read and answer the m
messages. A wiki is
a web page that everybody in a group work with, so they add in
information or
photos,, and the wiki grows. Sometimes it is about a single subje
subject or general, like
Wikipedia.
dia. Good
G
luck!

From Beth:

Anya, I teach
teac on one of these new digital courses. It is nott diffi
difficult. A learning
managemen
ement system (an LMS) is really an online course (studen
tudents hand in
homework
ork online),
o
teachers suggest websites for students to wo
work with, they use
forum, and so
s on. Podcasts on my course are just recordings
ngs of lectures that you
can downloa
wnload onto your MP3 player and listen to when you
u wan
want.

Look at the posts

post on the teachers message board.
rd. What is their
main topic?
They discuss new technology
ology in different jobs.
They exchange ideas forr less
lessons.
They give helpful information
ation to a teacher.
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Read the posts again. Are the statements TRUE or FALSE? Justify
the false statements in Spanish.
True

False

Justification

Anya knows all new technology.

She wants to study on a new course.

Stefan explains all the new words for

Anya.
Stefan and Beth give Anya useful
information.

Do the statements describe Anya, Ricky, Stefan or Beth?

She/He works with new technology.
She/He is not very helpful.
She/He asks for help.
She/He writes about another persons
message.
She/He gives Anya a well-known example.

Copy from the text examples of Noun-Noun structures.

Answer the following questions in Spanish.

1. What is your favorite subject?

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2. What kind of new

ew te
technology do you use?

3. Where is the univer

niversity?

4. How do you go
o to the
th university?

5. How long do you

ou spend
sp
there?

Listen to Teache
achers Daily Routine and identify the
he d
daily activities
and expressions
ns of time.
http://www.learnglish.net/a
net/archives/517

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Lesson 4

Dos and donts

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What do you think?

thin
1. What happens when you call 911 for a fire? Why do we call 911?

2. Who do we callll in o
our country?

Read the passage

sage below and answer the questions tha
that follow.

Call 911
Call 911 only in case off emergencies.
eme
These include fires, crimes, and medical
ical e
emergencies. When
you call 911, be prepared
ared to provide the following information: your name,
ame, address, telephone
number, a description of the emergency, and the location of the emergency.
If your emergency is medic
medical, they may ask you questions about the victims
tims condition. The 911
Operator may ask if the
he victim
vic
is breathing, conscious, and if he or she has a pulse. Do not be
nervous. Stay on the line
ine w
with the operator until an ambulance and paramedics
edics arrive. It is better.
Often, the operator can
n tell you what to do for the victim until help arrives.

Questions.
1.

When should
uld you
yo dial 911?

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2.

What information should you be prepared to give when you call 911?

3.

What should be able to tell the 911 Operator about the victims condition?

4.

Why is it important to stay on the line until help arrives?

Find a conditional sentence and translate it. Why does the author
use it?

Find an example of a noun- noun structure.

Give an example of a comparative adjective.

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IMPERATIVE
Imperativo

E.g.

El imperativo se utiliza,, generalmente,

gen
para dar rdenes, instrucciones o advertencias.
adver
Si se utiliza
para hacer pedidos, se utiliza
utiliz para ser amable la palabra please.

E.g.

rdenes.

E.g.

Advertencias.

Watch out!
Don't cross!
Don
Don't drink alcohol.

Invitaciones.

E.g
.

Eat healthily.
Come with me, please.

Instrucciones.

E.g
.

Consejos.

Sit down now!

Read carefully.

Se puede usar el imperativo

rativo para hacer pedidos, pero se
debe agregar alguna palabr
alabra amable antes del verbo.

E.g.

Pedidos.

Giv me that book,

Give
please.
Ple
Please take a seat.
Pl
Please wait here.

Para utilizar un imperativo

tivo negativo,
n
agregar do not o
dont antes del verbo.

E.g.

Para utilizar el imperativo,

ivo, se
s utiliza el infinitivo sin to.

E.g.

Las oraciones imperativas

tivas no requieren de un sujeto. El
usted o ustedes est implci
plcito.

E.g.

Nota

Go ahead!
Stop!
Sit down!
Don't go!
Do
o not walk on the grass.

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CONDITIONAL
AL TYPE 0
Condicional tipo
tip cero
IF + Simple Present + Simple Present
If you heat butter, it melts
me .
If you put water in a cooler,
ler, it freezes.
E.g.

Usado para expresar

verdades cientficas, hechos
echos
que nunca cambian o
situaciones que siempre
ocurren.

If you heat water to 100 degre

degrees, it boils.
If you cross an international date line
line, the time changes.
If you drop ice in water,, it floats.
If iron gets wet, it rusts
rus .

ADJECTIVE DE
DEGREES
Grados de loss adjetivos
a
Los grados de comparacin
acin del adjetivo son tres.
POSITIVE
Positivo
COMPARATIVE
Comparativo
SUPERLATIVE
Superlativo

Es el adjetivo en su forma simple, bsica.

big

Establece la relacin o comparacin entre doss cos

cosas.

bigger

Denota el ms alto grado de una cualidad.

the
biggest

Estos dos ltimos grados

dos se
s explican a continuacin y tienen siempre como
omo punto de partida el
adjetivo en su grado positiv
ositivo.

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Comparativo
DE IGUALDADAFIRMATIVO

TAN + adjetivo + COMO

This book is as interesting as that magazine.

E.g.

as + adjective + as

Buenos Aires is as expensive as Tokyo.

DE IGUALDAD NEGATIVO

This flat is not as big as that house.

E.g.

not as + adjective + as
NO TAN + adjetivo + COMO

Paris is not as expensive as Tokyo.

DE SUPERIORIDAD

adjective + er + than
MAS + adjetivo + QUE

E.g.

Los monoslabos y los bislabos terminados en sonido voclico o con acento en la segunda slaba
forman el comparativo aadiendo -er al adjetivo.

This book is cheaper than that magazine.

more + adjective + than

MAS + adjetivo + QUE

E.g.

Con los polislabos se antepone more (ms) al adjetivo seguido de than (quecomparativo).

Paris is more interesting than Los Angeles.

DE INFERIORIDAD

less expensive than

E.g.

less + adjective + than

MENOS + adjetivo + QUE

less intelligent than

Superlativo
E.g.

Mount Everest is the highest

mountain.

Los polislabos anteponen the most (el ms, los

ms, la ms, las ms) al adjetivo.

E.g.

This book is the most expensive.

E.g.

You are the tallest.

Los monoslabos y bislabos aaden la terminacin

-est al adjetivo.

La Rioja is the least expensive

province in Argentina.

El superlativo de inferioridad se forma aadiendo

the least (el menos) al adjetivo.

Comparativos y superlativos irregulares

Comparativos

Superlativos

good

better than

the best

bad

worse than

the worst

late

later than / latter

the latest / the last

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Comparativos

Su
Superlativos

little

less than

the least

much

more than

the most

many

more than

the most

old

older than / elder than

thee old
oldest / the eldest

far

farther than

th
the farthest

far

further than

th
the furthest

Te acords de las cinco reglas para formar el comparativo

c
y
superlativo de
e los adjetivos en ingls? Vamos a revisa
visarlas.
REGLA 1

El comparativo
compa
y superlativo de los
adjetivos
tivos de una slaba se forman
agregand
egando las terminaciones -er y est al final
fin del adjetivo.

cold

colde
colder

coldest

REGLA 2

Los adjetivos
adjet
que terminan con vocal
seguida
uida de
d una consonante duplican la
consonan
sonante final antes de agregar las
terminaci
inaciones -er o -est.

hot

hotte
hotter

hottest

REGLA 3

Los adjetivos
adje
de dos slabas que
terminan
inan en -y cambian la y por i
y recin
reci
entonces agregan las
terminaci
inaciones -er o -est.

noisy

noisi
noisier

REGLA 4

En el caso
cas de adjetivos de ms de dos
slabas,
as, el
e comparativo y superlativo se
forman
an generalmente con more y
most.

beautiful

more
ore beautiful
b
than
most
ost b
beautiful

good
REGLA 5

EXCEPCIONES

Los comparativos
com
y superlativos
irregular
gulares cambian totalmente.

Sin embargo,
emba
existen algunos adjetivos
que,, a pesar
p
de tener dos slabas, se
los trata como adjetivos largos o
polislabo
slabos y forman el comparativo y
superlativ
erlativo con more y most.

bad
far

noisiest

be
better
wor
worse

best
worst

fartherr / fu
further
furth
furthest

farthest /

absurd

more
ore aabsurd than
most
ost aabsurd

modern

more
ore m
modern than
most
ost m
modern

polite
serious
tired

more polite
polit than
po
polite

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the
the

the most

more
ore serious
s
than
most
ost sserious
more tired than
tir
tired

the

the

the most

42