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Fluid Mechanics
Lecture 9
MAE 308
Outline
The Bernoulli equation
head forms
energy and hydraulic grade lines
examples
Fluid Kinematics
Lagrangian and Eulerian flow description
Control volume analysis
Reynolds transport theorem
MAE 308
MAE 308
Pump
Win mghP
Wout mghT
Wout
ghT
Wout m
MAE 308
hT
hP
Win
ghP
Win m
EGL
HGL
P
g
h
v2
P
h H total head
2 g g
MAE 308
P Patm
MAE 308
Patm
g
Maximum height:
hM
General height:
Patm V 2
hG
g 2 g
Joseph-Louis Lagrange
1736-1813
MAE 308
y
x
MAE 308
Leonhard Euler
1707-1783
MAE 308
System
Lagrangian flow description - tracking individual fluid
particle
Following Lagrangian approach we should consider a
system a collection of matter of fixed identity/
unchanging contents
Control Volume
Eulerian flow description map the field of flow
It is easier to select a fixed volume and check how the
fluid is coming through
We can select a volume in a fluid and write integral
equations of conservation for this volume
c.s.
c.v.
Control Volume
MAE 308
MAE 308
MAE 308
DM sys
Dt
MAE 308
dt
DM sys
Dt
dM cv dmin dmout
dt
dt
dt
M cv
in m
out
m
t
Bcv
Bin B out
Dt
t
DBsys
MAE 308
Bcv
Bin B out
Dt
t
DBsys
Bsys
d
sys
Bcv d
cv
c.v.
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Vdt
dA
c.v.
dBout
Bout
V n dA
dt
B
V n dA
out
cs / out
MAE 308
Vdt
dA
dBin V n dAdt
Bin V n dA
cs / in
c.v.
cs
MAE 308
Bin Bout V n dA
d Bout Bin
Dt
t c.v.
DBsys
B out Bin
V n dA
c.s .
d V n dA
Dt
t c.v.
c.s .
DBsys
MAE 308