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Meaning of Stock
According to AS -2 Valuation of Inventories,
stock or inventory is defined as follows
Inventories are assets:
(a) held for sale in the ordinary
course of business;
(b) in the process of production for
such sale; or
(c) in the form of materials or
supplies to be consumed in
the production process or in the
rendering of services.
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Meaning of Stock
Inventories thus normally comprises of
stores,
spares parts,
loose tools,
maintenance supplies,
raw materials including components,
work in process,
finished goods including by-products,
waste or by-products, etc.
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Meaning of Debtors
A debtor represent the amount due to
an entity
for goods sold or
a service rendered or
in respect of other similar contractual
obligations
but amount includes such amounts
which are in the nature of loans and
advances
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Valuation of Inventories
Different methods of valuation are
adopted, depending upon the type of
Inventories, in particular and the type of
the business in general.
The Inventories should be valued at cost
or market price, whichever is lower.
The fundamental concept is that provision
for losses should be made and unrealized
profits should not be considered
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Method of Valuation
The Institute of Chartered Accountants
has prescribed the methods that are
mandatory for the valuation of
inventories, by means of the Accounting
Standard 2, which deals with the
valuation of inventories.
These methods are Specific Identification
method, First-in-First-out method and
Weighted Average Method.
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Bank Borrowing
Entities obtain loans from banks in
the form of cash credit against
hypothecation of Inventories and
Debtors
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Consortium Lending
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
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Inventory Audit
Inventories audit is about the
authentication of
quantity,
quality,
composition and
valuation
of the inventories and debtors.
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Meaning of Mortgage
Sec 58(a) of the Transfer of Property Act 1882
deals with mortgage. Accordingly, the necessary
ingredients of a mortgage are: 1. Transfer of interest in specific immovable
property
2. Transfer is for the purpose of securing the
payment of money advanced or to be advanced
by way of loan.
3. It may be existing and future debt.
4. It may be also for performance of an
engagement, which may lead to financial liability.
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ICAI Pronouncements
There are no guidance notes or
standards prescribed for Inventories
audit, the auditors should conduct
the audit based on the generally
accepted auditing practices and to
the best of his judgment and ability.
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Relevant Standards
AS 2 Valuation of Inventories
IAS 2 Accounting for Inventories
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